PMHS
AP PSYCHOLOGY
Name______________________________
AIM: Are all examples of classical conditioning EQUALLY strong? Why or why not?
Also make sure to be including terms of classical conditioning to your rat in your journal.
Try to think about what was neutral to your rat and what they are starting to feel
automatically.
1. On p. 317, Rescorla and Wagner (1972) showed that animals use cognition to
determine which stimuli predict an involuntary response or reflex.
N: tone, random light
UCS:__________________________
UCR:______________________________
CS:___________________________
CR:_______________________________
Why was only ONE of these neutral stimuli associated with the reflex?
2. John Garcia challenged the idea that all associations can be learned equally well. In
an experiment with another psychologist (Koelling), they used several groups of rats to
show which combinations of stimuli produced the strongest reflexes. (p. 318)
COMBINATION ONE
N: noise/tone
UCS: shock; UCR: fear
CS: noise; CR: fear
COMBINATION TWO
N: noise/tone
UCS: radiation; UCR: nausea
THERE WAS NO LEARNED RELEX!
COMBINATION THREE
N: Sweet water
UCS: shock; UCR: fear
THERE WAS NO LEARNED REFLEX!
COMBINATION FOUR
N: Sweet water
UCS: radiation; UCR: nausea
CS: Sweet water; CR: nausea/avoid water
So when given a choice over a light, sound, or taste, which are the rats more likely to
BLAME their nausea?
N: taste, sound, sight/light
UCS: radiation
UCR: nausea
CS:_______________
CR: nausea
Why do the rats only blame one of these stimuli even though the others are more easily perceived?
Think about evolution/Darwin.
Garcia’s affect shows that animals can learn taste aversions even through just one trial
of sweet water and radiation.
4. Examples of taste aversions p. 318-319
An experiment with sheep/coyotes
N: sheep carcasses
UCS:________________
UCR:___________________________
CS:__________________
CR:___________________________
Cancer patients
N: sights, sounds, smell of waiting room
UCS:_________________
UCR:__________________________
CS:__________________
CR:_________________________
p. 320
Some counselors and one hospital, in particular, (Schick Shadel) uses taste aversion to
get people to STOP drinking alcohol and/or using drugs WITHIN 10 days.
Neutral: alcohol
UCS: Emetic (hydrochloride)
UCR: nausea
CS____________________
CR___________________________
Interestingly enough, the hospital also uses faradic or shock conditioning to get people off
drugs like cocaine. Using what you learned from Garcia’s study, why does faradic
conditioning cause a stronger reaction to cocaine than using something like a hydrochloride?
AP PSYCH
Name___________________________
First-order conditioning (the first acquisition of NS to CS)
N: Bell
UCS: Food
UCR: Salivate
CS: Bell
CR: Salivate
SECOND ORDER CONDITIONING OR HIGHER ORDER CONDITIONING
Once a subject learn to respond to one stimulus, it is then possible to use that CS as a
UCS in order to condition a response to a new stimulus.
N: light
UCS______________ UCR: salivate
CS: light
CR: salivate
AP PSYCH
Name___________________________
First-order conditioning (the first acquisition of NS to CS)
N: Bell
UCS: Food
UCR: Salivate
CS: Bell
CR: Salivate
SECOND ORDER CONDITIONING OR HIGHER ORDER CONDITIONING
Once a subject learn to respond to one stimulus, it is then possible to use that CS as a
UCS in order to condition a response to a new stimulus.
N: light
UCS______________ UCR: salivate
CS: light
CR: salivate
Use second-order or high order conditioning to explain advertising today
N: the words BAKED FRESH
UCS: homemade, delicious food
UCR: salivate
CS: the words BAKED FRESH
CR: salivate
How doe advertisers use these words “BAKED FRESH” as the unconditioned stimulus?
N: _______________
UCS: BAKED FRESH
UCR: salivate
CS: ________________
CR: salivate
**Classical conditioning explains the ad, but BUYING the item relates to OPERANT
CONDITIONING. Explain…
Use second-order or high order conditioning to explain advertising today
N: the words BAKED FRESH
UCS: homemade, delicious food
UCR: salivate
CS: the words BAKED FRESH
CR: salivate
How doe advertisers use these words “BAKED FRESH” as the unconditioned stimulus?
N: _______________
UCS: BAKED FRESH
UCR: salivate
CS: ________________
CR: salivate
**Classical conditioning explains the ad, but BUYING the item relates to OPERANT
CONDITIONING. Explain…