Macromolecule Summary Chart
Macromolecule
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Monomer(s) / Subunit(s)
and
Name of bond between
adjacent monomers
Types of this
macromolecule and
example(s) for each type
Functions
(Make sure they
correspond to the type)
Proteins
Macromolecule Summary Chart
Macromolecule
Carbohydrates
Monomer(s) / Subunit(s)
and
Name of bond between
adjacent monomers
Types of this
macromolecule and
example(s) for each type
Monomer:
Monosaccharides
(Ex. glucose)
1. Monosaccharides
(Ex. glucose, galactose,
fructose)
Energy storage
2. Disaccharides &
Oligosaccharides
(Ex. sucrose, lactose,
maltose)
Energy storage
3. Polysaccharides
(Ex. starch, glycogen)
Long term energy storage
4. Cellulose
Cell structure: plant cell
walls
5. Chitin
Cell structure: cell walls
in fungi & component of
exoskeletons
1. Triglycerides (Fats)
(Ex. vegetable oil, animal
fat)
Long-term energy
storage, insulation,
protection and cushioning
of organs
2. Phospholipids
(Ex. cell membrane)
Amphophilic nature
forms cell membrane
(protects the cell and
keeps its shape)
3. Steroids (Sterols)
(Ex. cholesterol, estrogen,
testosterone)
Maintains fluidity of cell
membrane, cell signaling,
hormones
4. Waxes
(Ex. cutin, beeswax)
Water-proofing
Type of bond:
Glycosidic linkage
Lipids
Monomer:
Glycerol and fatty acids
Type of bond:
Ester linkage
Functions
(Make sure they
correspond to the type)
Proteins
Monomer:
Amino acids
Type of bond:
Peptide bond
** Do not worry about
the different types of
proteins **
Some examples:
Enzymes, silk,
actin/myosin (muscle
protein), keratin (hair/nail
protein), hemoglobins,
antibodies, etc.
Enzymes: catalyze
chemical reactions
Keratin/Silk: structural
support
Actin/Myosin: movement
of body (via muscles)
Hemoglobin;
transportation of oxygen
in blood to target cells
Antibodies: defend body
from foreign invaders and
fight off bacteria and
viruses
Some proteins are also
involved in cell regulation
and turning on/off genes.