Definitions – extra requirement
Definitions – extra requirement
signal molecules - in a different file!
15 + 16. lectures: Signaling pathways
inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling pathway
16. lecture: Main signaling pathways - I
Hedgehog signaling pathway
16. lecture: Main signaling pathways - II
morphogen concept
ZPA (zone of polarizing activity)
Delta-Notch signaling pathway
apoptosis
16. lecture: Apoptosis
autophagy
necrosis
intrinsic pathway
extrinsic pathway
caspase
initiator caspase
effector caspase
inhibitors and activators of caspases
cytochrome C
knockout animal
topoisomerase
Bcl-2 proteins
nucleases in apoptosis
IAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins)
ER stress
death receptor
TNF receptor signaling
The PI 3 kinase/Akt pathway
inhibition of apoptosis by survival signals
The role of p53 in apoptosis – cytosolic p53 pathway
pancreas
16. lecture: Insulin signaling pathway
beta cells
insulin signaling pathway
diabetes
retina
16. lecture: Vision
guanyl cyclase signaling pathway
neuromodulation
17. lecture: Neural communication – communication of neurons
neurotransmitter reuptake
SSRI (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor)
enzyme degradation
MAO (monoamine oxidase)
acetylcholinesterase
LTP
17. lecture: Neural communication - LTP
Hippocampus
NMDA and non-NMDA receptors
2012 spring semester
page: 1
Definitions – extra requirement
determinism theory
18. lecture: Immunbiology - I
stochastic theory
complement system
coagulation system
lactoferrin, transferrin
interferon
lysozyme
phospholipase
defensin
interleukin
macrophage
myeloid cells
lymphoid cells
natural killer cells
hematopoetic stem cells (HSCs)
myelocytes
erythrocyte
hematopoietic growth factors
hematopoietic transcription factors
autoimmune disease
receptor editing
clonal deletion
clonal inactivation
clonal supression
junctional diversification
allelic exclusion
antibody genes
Rag V(D)J recombinase
recombination signal
switch sequence
antigen-presenting cells
18. lecture: Immunbiology - II
T cell receptors (TCRs)
I MHC
II MHC
dendritic cell
T cell activation
T cell tolerance
cytotoxic T cells: perforin-dependent killing
cytotoxic T cells: Fas-dependent killing
CD4 and CD8 co-receptors
ABC transporter
interferon-
cross-presentation
selection of cytotoxic and helper T cells
MHC diversity
2012 spring semester
page: 2
Definitions – extra requirement
20. lecture: Genes and Behavior
Sigmund Freud – psychoanalytic school
William James – functionalism
Behaviorism
cognitive psychology
sociology
social psychology
ethology
sociobiology
Evolutionary psychology
HPA axis
20. lecture: Genes and Behavior
amygdala
hyppocampus
hypothalamus
CHRM2 gene – gene of intelligens
Drd4 gene (dopamin receptor) – adventure gene
VMAT2 gene - religious belief
FoxP2 gene -speech
HTR2B gene –impulsivity
genetics of homosexuality
social-darwinism
eugenics
artificial embryo twinning
21. lecture: Cloning
in vitro fertilisation (IVF)
benefits of cloning
chimeras
hybrids
asilomar conference
21. lecture: Recombinant gentechnology
protest by the society against gentechnology
site-specific recombination
foreign gene delivery to ES cells
regulation of foreign gene expression
cell-specific gene expression
F plasmid
Generation of knockout animals
in vivo RNA interference
protein engineering
recombinant antibody
economical protectionism
21. lecture: GMO
terminator and traitor technologies
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Bt toxin
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
21. lecture: Cancer
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
2012 spring semester
page: 3
Definitions – extra requirement
pre-metastatic niche conception
c-myc
c-Fos
c-Jun
inflammation and cancer
Helicobacter pylori
c-onc, v-onc
Rous sarcoma virus
angiogenesis
the mutant-gene paradigm
“master” genes
increased mutation rate theory
early instability theory
aneuploidy theory
cancer stem cell theory
driver and passenger mutations
parasite tumor cells
antioxidant
domains of the p53
MDM2
p53 – upstream factors
p53 – downstream effects
p53 – decision making
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
whole-body therapies
22. lecture: Cancer therapy
local therapies
chemotherapy
radiation therapy
down-regulation of proto-oncogenes
delivery of pro-apoptotic genes
suicide therapy
delivery of immunomodulatory genes
delivery of angiogenesis inhibitor genes
recombinant antibody therapy
Immunotherapy
cancer vaccines
oncolytic virotherapy
pharmacotherapy
prophylactic (preventive) vaccines
gleevec
7. lecture: Tumor diagnostic
immunotherapy of cancers
cancer vaccines
prophylactic vaccines
therapeutic vaccines
oncolytic virotherapy of cancers
2012 spring semester
page: 4
Definitions – extra requirement
pharmacotherapy of cancers
herceptin
thalassemia
24. lecture: Monogenic disorders
galactosemia
Hemophilia
Marfan syndrome
achondroplasia
albinism
Tay-Sachs disease
obesity - monogenic type
color blindness
color vision deficiency
achromatia
monochromacy
dichromacy
protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia
anomalous trichromacy
cone
rod
neuropeptid Y (NPY)
24. lecture: Obesity, Osteoporosis, Mitochondrial diseases
melanocortin-4 receptor
rank ligand
heteroplasmy
syntitium
24. lecture: Cardiovascular diseases
Purkinje fibres
atrioventricular (or AV) node
His-bundle
EKG
gap junction
tachycardia
bradycardia
arrythmic triggering factor
ischemia
angina pectoris
cholesterol
hypertony
allergy
24. lecture: Immunological disorders
histamine
gastroenteritis
hay fever
Type IV hypersensitivity
diabetes type 2
25. lecture:
Molecular Biology of the Brain and Mind - Introduction
psychotherapy
types of anxiety
25. lecture: Mental disorders of the mind
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
2012 spring semester
page: 5
Definitions – extra requirement
types of depression
electroconvulsive therapy
antidepressant
tricyclic antidepressant
MAO inhibitors
types of schizophrenia
genetics of suicid
prion
25. lecture: Disorders of the brain
Creutzfeld-Jakob disease
kuru
scrapie
trinucleotide repeat disorder
polyQ disease – non-polyQ disease
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
SOD1 gene
Parkinson disease - treatment
germ line cell
26. lecture: Stem cells
mesenchymal (stromal) stem cell
skin stem cells
neural stem cells
Induced pluripotent stem cells
ADA gene therapy
26. lecture: Gene therapy
cystic fibrosis gene therapy
photopigment gene therapy
DNA vaccine
26. lecture: Vaccines
subunit vaccine
toxoid vaccine
edible vaccine
limitations of predictive medicine
27. lecture: Medical Genomics
genetic testing of newborns
prenatal testing
amniocentesis
chordocentesis
preimplantation genetic testing
preimplantation genetic diagnostic
preimplantation genetic screening
carrier testing
preconception testing
linkage disequilibrium
common disease-common variant hypothesis
Rare Genetic Variant hypothesis
tag SNP
HapMap Project
pharmacogenomics
nutrigenomics
epigenomics
2012 spring semester
page: 6
Definitions – extra requirement
HapMap
GWA (Genome-wide association studies)
genetic distance
genetic mapping – parametric method
genetic mapping – non parametric method
RFLP
microsatellite marker
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic stress
phenotypic biomarkers
DNA methylation
histone epigenetic modification
CpG island
epigenetic code: histone code + DNA methylation code
epigenetic program
genetic imprinting
ChIP technic
high throughpout mapping technic
Human Epigenome Project (HEP)
methylation variable positions (MVPs)
luciferase
28. lecture: Frontiers of Molecular Biology
PET
28. lecture: Frontiers of Molecular Biology
electrophysiology
fluorescent activity markers
Ca2+ sensor
FRET
optogenetics
channel rodopsin
cre-loxP system
28. lecture: Frontiers of Molecular Biology
conditional knock-out animal
brainbow
tetracycline system
Tet-ON + Tet-OFF system
synthetic life
28. lecture: Frontiers of Molecular Biology
synthetic genomics
X174 bacteriophage
Mycoplasma
metagenomics
TaqMan Probe
Practice, Seminar
Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR)
Pyrosequencing
SMRT (Single Molecule Real-Time technology)
Nanopore sequencing
Please note that the definition list contains terms, that only occurs in the "Definitions" section of the exam
paper.
To learning just this material are not substitute the meaningful learning of the whole material.
2012 spring semester
page: 7