Scientific Method
• Step 1: Observation is made
• Step 2: Hypothesize
• Step 3: Set up falsifiable experiments to become
theory
• Step 4: Set up more experiments to become a
scientific law
Scientific Method
• Step 1: Observation is made
• I found a fossil, a transitional form that existed between
monkeys and mankind
Scientific Method
• Step 1: Observation is made
• I found a fossil, a transitional form that existed between
monkeys and mankind
• Step 2: Hypothesize
• The fossil became lithified over long periods of time and/or
many transitional forms occurred between monkeys and man
Scientific Method
• Step 1: Observation is made
• I found a fossil, a transitional form that existed between
monkeys and mankind
• Step 2: Hypothesize
• The fossil became lithified over long periods of time and/or
many transitional forms occurred between monkeys and man
• Step 3: Set up falsifiable experiments to become
theory
• I cannot set up any experiments to observe the fossil
lithification process because the time periods are too long nor
can I set up the experiments to get the transitional forms
• Experiments are limited to human experience
Scientific Method
• Step 1: Observation is made
• I found a fossil, a transitional form that existed between
monkeys and mankind
• Step 2: Hypothesize
• The fossil became lithified over long periods of time and/or
many transitional forms occurred between monkeys and man
• Step 3: Set up falsifiable experiments to become
theory
• I cannot set up any experiments to observe the fossil
lithification process because the time periods are too long nor
can I set up the experiments to get the transitional forms
• Experiments are limited to human experience
• Step 4: Set up more experiments to become a
scientific law
Conclusion: Evolution can never be a theory nor a law of science. It is a hypothesis
or belief.
Issues Regarding Evolution
• Introduction: Faith vs Science
• Issue of observing a final result and
presuming a wrong history
• Tenets of Belief in Evolution: Counter
Arguments
• Summary
Colin Patterson, Senior Paleontologist at London Museum of
Natural History
"The question is: Can you tell me anything you know about
evolution, any one thing....that is true? I tried that question
on the geology staff at the Field Museum of Natural History
and the only answer I got was silence. I tried it on the
members of the Evolutionary Morphology Seminar at the
University of Chicago, a very prestigious body of evolutionists,
and all I got there was silence for a long time, and eventually
one person said, 'I do know one thing-- it ought not to be
taught in high school.' "
Faith vs Science Premise
• Creationism: belief that God made
everything so that scientific method is not
applicable
• Evolution: things are explained in the
natural realm according to scientific
restrictions
Faith vs Science Premise
• Creationism: belief that God made
everything so that scientific method is not
applicable
• Evolution: things are explained in the
natural realm according to scientific
restrictions
WRONG
Johann Kepler said that science is not autonomous.
God
Science
science
God
God is
aut onomous
Science is
aut onomous
Faith vs Faith
• Creationist Faith: Belief in an all-knowing,
perfect, never-changing being who
observed all past history events.
• Evolutionist Faith: Belief in limited
knowledge, imperfect, always-changing
being who was not present to observe
past history events.
Some Scientists Are Creationists
• Creationist thinking has allowed me to
make critical observations in fracture and
fatigue
Fatigue
• If I just examine the failed surface and not
the history of the material, I could reach an
erroneous conclusion about the history
• Observation: fatigue failure surface
Fatigue
• Observation: fatigue failure surface
• Hypothesis: the largest area probably
caused the greatest amount of damage by
just examining the final broken piece
Fatigue
• Observation: fatigue failure surface WRONG
• Hypothesis: the largest area probably
caused the greatest amount of damage by
just examining the final broken piece
• History experiments: 50% of the cycles to
failure were just in initiation the damage
and 99% of the cycles were to the line in
the smallest region
Fracture
• If I just examine the failed
surface and not the
history of the material, I
could reach an erroneous
conclusion about the
history
• Observation: ductile
fracture surface
• Hypothesis: Void growth
and size is the most
important parameter
Fracture
• If I just examine the failed
surface and not the
history of the material, I
could reach an erroneous
conclusion about the
history
• Hypothesis: Void growth
wrong and size is the most
important parameter
• History experiments:
Damage includes void
nucleation and
coalescence too,
determined by examining
the history
Comparison of End-of-Life Analysis
vs Changing History Analysis
• Old End-of-Life paradigm included only
void growth and missed the most
important features in some cases
• History experiments revealed that that the
paradigm for more accurate void modeling
to include nucleation, void growth, and
void coalescence
• A paradigm shift occurred because of
examining the history of a material
Human Origins…who are we?
• “Then God said,
‘let us make man in
our image, after
our likeness’…”
• Genesis 1:26
How Did Man Get Here…Adam or
Apes?
• Created by God? • Evolved by Nature?
What About Cavemen?!
•
Was This The Emergence of
Man…
•
…or was he created another way?
The Emergence of Man?
• Placing skulls of dead
humans and extinct
apes in some sort of
progression from
*ape-like* to *humanlike* does absolutely
nothing to prove that
humans evolved from
apes!
Monkeys to Man Summary
1.Shape of jawbone: man-parabola, ape-U
shaped
Monkeys to Man Summary
1.Shape of jawbone: man-parabola, ape-U
shaped
2.Palate of mouth: man-arch, ape-flat
Monkeys to Man Summary
1.Shape of jawbone: man-parabola, ape-U
shaped
2.Palate of mouth: man-arch, ape-flat
Galata Baboon of today has parabola
mouth and an arched palate.
Monkeys to Man Summary
1.Shape of jawbone: man-parabola, ape-U
shaped
2.Palate of mouth: man-arch, ape-flat
Galata Baboon of today has parabola
mouth and an arched palate.
3.Teeth:man-same size, ape-large canine
teeth
Monkeys to Man Summary
1.Shape of jawbone: man-parabola, ape-U
shaped
2.Palate of mouth: man-arch, ape-flat
Galata Baboon of today has parabola
mouth and an arched palate.
3.Teeth:man-same size, ape-large canine
teeth
4.Supposedly 30-70 million years ago
branching from apes occurred with man.
Monkeys to Man Summary
5. Piltdown Man (1912) : first claimed to be
500,000 yrs. old, flouride tests yielded about
2000 yrs. old. It is now known to be a modern
monkey jaw with teeth filed down and stained to
look old.
Who Was Piltdown Man?
Who Was Piltdown Man?
•
Piltdown Man was found in 1912 in a gravel pit in Piltdown, England
and was authoritatively declared to be an ape-man, a human-ape transitional
form 500,000 years old by several eminent British scientists…
Who Was Piltdown Man?
•
…among them anatomist Sir Arthur Keith of the British Museum. They were so confident of
their discovery, they announced it to the world press as evidence: “(E)stablishing human
descent from apes”…
Piltdown Man Made World
Headlines in 1912…
Darwinists were so confident that they had the *missing link*, did they?
Piltdown Man Exposed as
a Fraud!
• “In 1953 Piltdown
Man was exposed
as a fraud…the
skull was from a
modern
human…the
jawbone and the
teeth were from an
orangutan.”
OOPS!
http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2003/1124piltdown.asp
The Joke’s on the
Evolutionists!
•
Monkeys to Man Summary
1. Shape of jawbone: man-parabola, ape-U shaped
2. Palate of mouth: man-arch, ape-flat
Galata Baboon of today has parabola mouth and an arched palate.
3. Teeth:man-same size, ape-large canine teeth
4. Supposedly 30-70 million years ago branching from apes occurred
with man.
5. Piltdown Man (1912) : first claimed to be 500,000 yrs. old, flouride
tests yielded about 2000 yrs. old. It is now known to be a modern
monkey jaw with teeth filed down and stained to look old.
6. Neanderthal Man: In museums as brutish and stuped over as ape.
Now accepted as Homo Sapien with bone disease (Rickets and
arthritis). World Book Encyclopedia,1977,vol.14,pg.85.
Monkeys to Man Summary
7. Peking Man: Davidson Black before WW2 found a tooth and he
published on his findings.
Monkeys to Man Summary
8. Java Man (1891): Dr. Dubois, mentioned as similar to a large
Gibbon.
Monkeys to Man Summary
9. Australopithecus-exctinct ape-Leakey's work in Oldivai Gorge in Africa; Dr.
Oxnard of Chicago University states:"These are not ancestors of human
beings."
Who Was “Lucy”?
•
Who Was “Lucy”?
Donald Johanson,
who discovered “Lucy”
Lucy’s actual remains
National Geographic’s reconstruction
of “Lucy” (Australopithecus Afarensis)
done so with extensive “artistic license”
Was Lucy a Bonobo?
Reconstruction of “Lucy”
(Australopithecus Afarensis)
Bonobo (Pygmy Chimpanzee)
“Bonobos stand apart from the other great apes…Physically,
their anatomy most closely resembles Australopithecus
…Bonobos walk bipedally on two feet more easily and for longer
periods of time than the other apes.”
•The Bonobo Conservation Initiative, What is a Bonobo, www.bonobo.org
Was Lucy a Bonobo?
Reconstructed skull of
Australopithecus
Afarensis specimen A.L.444-2
Bonobo skull
IDENTICAL!
Do Anatomical Studies Show
That “Lucy” Was Bipedal?
“The arc sizes of the
three semicircular
canals (the balance
organs located in the
inner ear) affect the
sensitivity of the
sensory system that
detects head rotations
and contributes to the
stabilization of gaze
and control of
locomotion.”
•
Fred Spoor, Ph.D., Professor
of Evolutionary Anatomy
Superior and lateral views of
a left bony labyrinth,
reconstructed from highresolution CT scans
Anatomical Studies Showed
“Lucy” didn’t Walk Upright…
•
“CAT scans of
australopithecine
inner ear canals
reflecting posture and
balance (by anatomist
Dr. Fred Spoor and his
colleagues at
University College,
London) showed they
did not walk
habitually upright.”
F.Spoor, Ph.D. ‘Implications of
Early Hominid Morphology for
Evolution of Human Bipedal
Locomotion’, Nature 369(6482):
645-649, 1994
Anatomist Fred Spoor, Ph.D.
Comparison of three knee joints…a
Human, Chimp, and the knee
purported to be Lucy’s…
Hadar knee found a
year earlier,70 meters lower
and over a mile away.
National Geographic Nov. 1985 issue. P. 593
Say “HI!” to Lucy…
Monkeys to Man Summary
10. Ramapithecus: early monkey, but was originally offered as the missing link
from a handful of teeth and jawbone.
Who Was
Ramapithecus?
•
• Ramapithecus:
was
once believed to be a
human ancestor based on
the flimsiest of evidence, a
solitary jaw…
Will the REAL
Ramapithecus Please
Stand Up…
•
“Ramapithecus was considered
a possible human ancestor on
the basis of the reconstructed
jaw and dental characteristics
of fragmentary fossils. A
complete jaw discovered in
1976 was clearly nonhominid.
Ramapithecus is now regarded
by many as Sivapithecus, a
genus considered to be an
(extinct) orangutan.”
OOPS!
•
http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/
e/e-r1amapith.asp
Monkeys to Man Summary
11. Nebraska Man: tooth of pig, used as evidence in the Scopes Trial.
Who Was Nebraska Man?
Nebraska Man & His Wife’s
*Remains*
Nebraska Man Was Exposed
to be an Extinct Pig!!!!!
•
•
“The truth leaked out slowly and
obscurely in
the American
Museum Novitiates for January 6,
1923, where nine authorities cited
their objections to the claim that
the tooth was anywhere near
related to the primate…by 1927 it
was begrudgingly concluded that
the tooth was that of a species of
Prosthennops, an extinct genus
related to the modern wild pig.”
(Ian Taylor, Nebraska Man
Revisited, Creation 13(4):13
September 1991)
http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v13/i4/nebraska.asp
Will the Real Nebraska Man
Please Stand Up?
Who Was Homo Floresiensis?
(Flores Man)
•
This tiny human relative, whom
we nicknamed Hobbit, lived
just 18,000 years ago, a time
when modern humans—people
like us—were on the march
around the globe. Yet it looked
more like a diminutive version
of human ancestors a hundred
times older, from the other end
of Asia…survivors from an
earlier era, hanging on far from
the main currents of human
prehistory.Who were they?
• National Geographic
April 2005
Who Was Homo
Floresiensis?
• A comparative
look at the skulls
of Homo
Floresiensis &
modern humans
reveals little or
no difference!
http://www.nature.com/news/2004/041025/full/041025-3.html
Who Was Homo
Floresiensis?
•
“The Indonesian comments about
a pygmy Australomelanesian
group of people is interesting in
light of the many reports one
used to hear from missionaries,
mostly from the early part of last
century and before, about what
they often called “the little
people.” were of an allegedly
distinct (but now no longer
extant) population of very small
humans, i.e., a group quite
distinguishable from the local
Aboriginals. Could at least some
of these have been the same (or a
closely related) people group as
those whose skeleton has been
found on Flores?”
Australomelanesian Pygmy…could his tribe
have been mistaken for Flores Man?
Carl Weiland, M.D., Ph.D.
http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2004/1108hobbit.asp#_ednref1
Flores Man was a Pygmy with a
deformed brain…
•
•
“However, an item posted on 1
November 2004 by Anatomy
Professor M. Henneberg gives
significant support to the ‘Flores
Man’ was a microcephalic
Henneberg is the Head of the
Department of Anatomy at South
Australia’s Adelaide University,
and has studied human evolution
for 32 years. He says that the
dimensions of the face, nose and
jaws do not differ significantly
from those of modern humans,
unlike the very small braincase.”
Carl Weiland, M.D., Ph.D.
Answers in Genesis Australia
http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2004/110Shobbit.asp
Supposed Human Evolution
Doesn’t Pass For Real
Science!
• •“(P)erhaps generations of
students
of
human
evolution,
including
myself, have been flailing
around in the dark; that
our data base is too
sparse, too slippery, for it
to be able to mold our
theories.
Rather
the
theories
are
more
a
statement about us and
ideology than about the
past.”
• (American Scientist, Vol.
66, p. 379, May/June 1978)
God created man around 6000
years ago, not millions of years
ago…
Scripture claims to be
accurate history
beginning with
Genesis. It clearly
shows that the first
man Adam was
created less than
10,000 years ago.
This is revealed in the
genealogies of Adam
in Genesis 5.
The many faces of
humanity…
• Man has always been
man, not many races
but ONE human
race…
• “And hath made of
one blood all
nations of men for to
dwell on all the face of
the earth”
• Acts 17:26 KJV
…all made in the image of
God!
Genesis 1:26
So Why Is Creation
Evangelism Really
Important?
“…Because the Skeptics are
‘Willfully Ignorant’ ”
Today’s Culture is Willfully
Ignorant…
“(T)hat scoffers will come in the
Last Days, walking according to
their own lusts, and saying,
‘Where is the promise of His
coming? For since the fathers fell
asleep, all things continue as they
were from the beginning of
creation.’ ”
I Peter 3:3-4
Today’s Culture Is Like
The Ancient Greeks…
• …they perceive the
Gospel of Christ as
‘foolishness’
because they
largely have a
pagan or
‘evolutionized’
philosophical
base…a
secularized
worldview.
Is Evolutionism Really
“Science”?
• The myth that
Creation is
religion and
Evolution is
science is being
continuously
echoed in the
public schools
and the media
virtually
unchallenged!
Evolutionist Propaganda is
Rampant in Today’s
Schools…
• Children are taught
from kindergarten
all the way through
the universities
that evolutionism
is *science* and a
*fact*. Why should
we then wonder
why they won’t
listen?!
Evolutionist Propaganda is
Rampant in Today’s
Schools, it Starts Early…
I Can Read About
Prehistoric Animals p. 1
Evolutionist
Propaganda
is
Evolutionist Propaganda is
Rampant
in
Today’s
Schools,
Rampant in Today’s Schools, it
it
Starts
Early…
Starts Early…
Today’s Culture is
Willfully Ignorant…
‘Evolutionized!’
• As a result it’s
far more
difficult to
reach today’s
young people
for Christ than
it was even a
generation (20
years) ago!
Today’s Youth Culture
is Willfully Ignorant…
‘Evolutionized!’
• Why should
we then
wonder why
they won’t
listen?!
Creation Evangelism is
Extremely Important
Today…
• Creation
Evangelism is
an extremely
powerful tool in
helping to reach
the neo-pagan,
evolutionized
culture of
today!
The Power of Creation
Evangelism…
Creation
Evangelism can
effectively
dismantle all
evolutionism-based
ideas that infest
today’s culture!
Faith vs Faith
• Creationist Faith: Belief in an all-knowing,
perfect, never-changing being who
observed all past history events.
• Evolutionist Faith: Belief in limited
knowledge, imperfect, always-changing
being who was not present to observe
past history events.
Truth Claims in Conflict
Theism
Materialism
God exists.
There is no God.
God is self-existent.
Matter is self-existent.
In addition to matter, there is nonmaterial language, and created
spirit beings with language ability.
Matter is all there is.
The cosmos is an open system, open
to reordering both by God and by
humans. Life and its genetic blueprints are the product of intelligent
creative action on God’s part.
The cosmos is a closed system.
Every event in the cosmos obeys
changeless natural laws. Life’s
emergence is nothing more than
an outworking of these laws.
God has created human beings
with godlike powers of language,
volition, creativity, reason, selfawareness, and moral discernment.
Human beings are nothing more
than soul-less animals. There is
no rational basis for hope,
meaning, esthetics, or morality.