Pelaksanaan Perkawinan Beda Agama
Pemahaman hukum dan menganalisis pelaksanaan
Perkawinan Beda Agama menurut undang-undang
Perkawinan Nomor I Tahun 1974 dan agama-agama yang
ada di Indonesia dan bagaimanakah sahnya perkawinan
beda agama, jika kehendak untuk melaksanakan
perkawinan tersebut mendapat penolakan dari lembaga
atau pihak-pihak terkait seperti Kantor Catatan Sipil,
Kantor Urusan Agama dan Pengadilan. Demikian hal yang
melatar belakangi penelitian Sirman Dahwal, S.H., M. H.
dalam Ujian Terbuka Disertasi Program Doktor Ilmu
Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya (FH-UB)
Senin (16/1/12) di ruang Auditorium Lantai 6, FH-UB.
Sirman yang telah menyelesaikan ujian tertutup pada
Jum’at, 4 Nopember 2011 lalu, menyimpulkan penelitian
ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris (socio legal research)
atau penelitian sosial tentang hukum. Penelitian ini melihat sebagai gejala social, focus
penelitian ini adalah perilaku manusia, baik individu maupun masyarakat, berkaitan dengan
hukum, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan perkawinan beda agama. Dalam menganalisis
penelitian ini digunakan beberapa teori yang dianggap relevan yaitu: Teori Hak Asasi Manusia,
Teori Hukum Pembangunan, Teori Pluralisme Hukum dan unifikasi hukum, Teori Chaos, Teori
Hukum Berbasis Agama.
Dari hasil penelitian tersebut Sirman mendapatkan tiga hal yang di temukan. Ada tiga model
yang lazim ditempuh pasangan perkawinan beda agama yaitu berdasarkan penetapan/putusan
pangadilan atau Yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung, berdasarkan otoritas agama, dan sahnya
Perkawinan Beda Agama di Indonesia, adalah dengan berpedoman kepada Pasal 2 Ayat 1
Undang-undang Perkawinan Nomor 1 tahun 1974 yang menyatakan bahwa perkawina sah
apabila dilakukan menurut hukum masing-masing agamanya dan kepercayaannya. Terakhir
adalah upaya hukum yang bisa dilakukan oleh pasangan perkawinan beda agama apabila
mendapat penolakan dari instansi pelaksanaa perkawinan seperti Kantor Catatan Sipil (bagi
umat non muslim) dan Kantor Urusan Agama (bagi umat muslim). Maka, mereka mengajukan
upaya hukum ke Pengadilan Negeri ataupun ke Pengadilan Agama untuk mendapatkan
penetapan penagdilan dan permohonan mereka dikabulkan. Malahan upaya hukum tersebut
dapat diteruskan ke Mahkamah Agung apabila ternyata mendapat penolakan dari pengadilan.
Sehingga dengan demikian, Perkawinan Beda Agama dapat dilaksanakan sesuai dengan
keputusan atau penerapan hakim.
Mahasiswa S3 Ilmu Hukum FHUB ini berpresentasi dengan judul “Pelaksanaan Perkawinan
Beda Agama (Studi Berbagai Kasus di Indonesia periode (1986 – 2010)” dihadapan Prof. Dr.
Moch. Munir, S.H. (promotor), Dr. A. Rachmad Budiono, S.H., M. H dan Dr Taufiqurrahman,
S.H., M.H, (ko. Promotor) dan empat tim penguji antara lain: Prof. Dr. Sudarsono, S.H., M.S. ,
Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Nurjaya, M. S., Prof. Dr. Masruchin Ruba’I, S. H., M.S., Prof . Dr. Isrok,
S.H. M. S., serta satu tim penguji tamu Prof. Dr. Afdhol, S.H. , M.S. [ang/pon]
The Implementation of Marriage among Couples with Different-Religion
What are the legal understanding and analyzing on the
implementation of Marriage among Couples with
Different-Religion according to Act No. I of 1974 and
according to the existing religions in Indonesia? and how
valid is the marriage of different religions if the will to
carry out the marriage gets a rejection from the institution
or related parties such as the Vital Statistics Office, the
Religious Affairs Office and Courts? These were the
research backgrounds of Dahwal Sirman, SH, M.H. in his
Open Dissertation Examination, Doctoral Program of Law
Sciences Faculty of Law Universitas Brawijaya (FH-UB)
on Monday (16/01/12) at Auditorium room of 6th Floor,
FH-UB.
Sirman who had completed the closed exam on Friday
(04/11/2011) concluded his research was an empirical
legal research (socio legal research) or social research about law. This research sees a social
phenomenon and focuses on human behavior, both individually and socially in association with
law especially related to different-religion marriage. In analyzing, this research uses several
relevant theories: Human Rights Theories, Legal Theories of Development, Legal Theories of
Pluralism and Unification, Chaos Theories, Legal Theories based on Religions.
From the results of his research, Sirman discovers three things. There are three common
models that are pursued in marriage among couples with different-religion, they are the
determination/decision of court or the Supreme Court jurisprudence, the authority of religion,
and the legitimation of Marriages with Different Religions in Indonesia. The marriage among
couples with different-religion refers to Article 2 Verse 1 of Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974
which states that marriage is valid if it is done according to the law of each religion and their
belief. Lastly, remedies that can be done by the couple if the marriage of different religions has
been rejected by marriage agencies such as the Vital Statistics Office (for non-Muslims) and
the Religious Affairs Office (for Muslims). Therefore, they file legal action to the District
Court or to the Court of Religious Affairs to obtain justice determination and to grant their
application. In fact, these remedies can be forwarded to the Supreme Court if it gets a rejection
from the court. Thus, Marriages among Different-Religion can be performed in accordance to
the judge’s decision or application.
A postgraduate student (S3) of Legal Studies FHUB presented a dissertation entitled " The
Implementation of Marriage among Couples with Different-Religion (Various Case Studies in
Indonesia between 1986-2010)" in front of Prof. Dr. Moch. Munir, SH (promoter), Dr. A.
Rachmad Budiono, SH, and Dr. M. Taufiqurrahman H, SH, MH, (Co. Promoter) and four
examiners, Prof. Dr. Sudarsono, SH, MS; Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Nurjaya, MS; Prof. Dr.
Masruchin Ruba ' I, SH, MS; Prof. Dr. Isrok, SHMS, and a guest examiner, Prof. Dr. Afdhol,
SH, MS [ang/pon]
translated by: A. Wicaksono