ASSESSMENT OF THE LICENSING AND INSPECTION
OF SCHEDULED WASTES MANAGEMENT FACILITIES
CASE STUDY: OFF-SITE RECOVERY FACILITIES IN JOHOR
NORHAZNI BINTI MAT SARI
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS TESIS
JUDUL:
ASSESSMENT OF THE LICENSING AND INSPECTION
OF SCHEDULED WASTES MANAGEMENT FACILITIES
CASE STUDY: OFF-SITE RECOVERY FACILITIES IN JOHOR
SESI PENGAJIAN : 2003/2004
NORHAZNI BINTI MAT SARI
Saya
(HURUF BESAR)
Mengaku membenarkan tesis (PSM/Sarjana/Doktor Falsafah)* ini disimpan di Perpustakaan
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia dengan syarat – syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tesis adalah hakmilik Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Perpustakaan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian
sahaja.
Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan tesis ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi
pengajian tinggi.
** Sila tandakan ()

SULIT
(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau
kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA
RAHSIA RASMI 1972)
TERHAD
(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh
organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
TIDAK TERHAD
Disahkan Oleh:
(TANDATANGAN PENULIS)
(TANDATANGAN PENYELIA)
Alamat Tetap :
NO 1, JLN SEJAHTERA 3
TAMAN DESA SKUDAI
81300 SKUDAI
JOHOR
Tarikh : 10 Oktober 2003
CATATAN :
*
**

Assoc. Prof Dr. Mohd Razman Salim
Nama Penyelia
Tarikh: 10 Oktober 2003
Potong yang tidak berkenaan
Jika tesis ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak
berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali tempoh tesis
ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD.
Tesis dimaksudkan sebagai tesis bagi Ijazah Doktor Falsafah dan Sarjana
secara penyelidikan, atau disertasi bagi pengajian secara kerja kursus dan penyelidikan
atau Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM).
J
a
b
a
t
a
n
P
e
r
a
n
c
a
“I declared that I have read this dissertation and in my view this dissertation is
qualified in terms of scope and quality to be awarded for a degree of Master in Civil
Engineering (Environmental)”.
Signature
:
Name of Supervisor
:
ASSOC. PROF. DR. MOHD RAZMAN SALIM
ASSESSMENT OF THE LICENSING AND INSPECTION
OF SCHEDULED WASTES MANAGEMENT FACILITIES
CASE STUDY: OFF-SITE RECOVERY FACILITIES IN JOHOR
NORHAZNI BINTI MAT SARI
A dissertation submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of the degree of Master in Civil Engineering (Environmental)
Faculty of Civil Engineering
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
OCTOBER, 2003
A dissertation submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of the degree of Master in Civil Engineering (Environmental)
“I declared that this dissertation “Assessment of The Licensing and Inspection of
Scheduled Waste Management Facilities. Case Study: Off-site Recovery
Facilities in Johor” is the result of my own research except as cited in references.
The dissertation has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently
submitted in candidature of any degree”.
Signature
:
Name of Candidate
:
NORHAZNI BINTI MAT SARI
Date
:
October, 2003
To my lovely family, Yasmin and Suami
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank the Director Generals of Department of Environment
and Malaysian Public Service Department for granting the study leave and for giving
me the opportunity to pursue this course.
This study could not have been carried out without the valuable assistance
and guidance of a number of people. My appreciation to Associate Professor Dr.
Mohd. Razman Salim. The entire team of the Department of Environment, State of
Johor especially Y.M. Tengku Bakry Shah, Tuan Haji Hafiz, Encik Kamaruddin and
other friends around for their great support and assistance.
Finally, my sincere appreciation and truly thanks to my dearest parents, my
husband and my daughter Yasmin for their patience, understanding and
encouragement and putting up with all of the time I spent on carried out this project.
Norhazni binti Mat Sari
October 10, 2003
UTM, Skudai
ABSTRACT
The recovery of scheduled wastes activities is highly encouraged since it
could contribute to the reduction of the quantity of scheduled wastes, which are to be
disposed off, and the products from these activities are found to have value and are
reusable as consumer items. Such activities are not only good for the industrial
economic development but also contribute to the efforts of solving the scheduled
wastes management and environmental protection problems. The government
through the Department of Environment has implemented a decree that recovery
activities need to be controlled in order to ensure the good handling and management
of scheduled wastes. Thus, the scheduled wastes recovery activity has deemed as
prescribed activities that need to be licenced by the Department of Environment. The
operating licences specify a set of conditions pertaining to operations and
maintenance for the holder to comply with. An inspection has been carried out to
fifteen (15) off-site recovery facilities in Johor consists of oil recovery facilities,
solvent recovery facilities ,metal recovery facilities and other types of recovery
activities. The results of the inspection show that most of the licence holders do not
pay proper attention to compliance scheduled attached with the licence. Among
conditions of licence which are yet to be complied are the Inventory Record
particularly the Record Inventory of Scheduled Waste Not Confirming to Waste
Acceptance Criteria (60%) and Inventory Record of Facilities Failure(53%) , Waste
Acceptance Criteria (53%), Emergency Response Plan and Training (53%) and
Environmental Monitoring Report (33%). Recommendations are made for further
possible required actions to be taken to enhance and improve the existing procedures
for licensing and inspection of off-site recovery facilities.
ABSTRAK
Aktiviti pemerolehan kembali buangan terjadual adalah sangat digalakkan kerana
ianya boleh menyumbang kepada pengurangan kuantiti pelupusan buangan terjadual
malahan produk daripada aktiviti pemerolehan kembali ini adalah mempunyai nilai
dan diguna semula sebagai bahan pengguna. Aktiviti ini bukan sahaja baik kepada
pembangunan ekonomi industri, bahkan ianya juga turut menyumbang kepada usaha
ke arah menyelesaikan masalah pengurusan buangan terjadual dan pemuliharaan
alam sekitar. Kerajaan melalui Jabatan Alam Sekitar melaksanakan perundangan
yang menetapkan aktiviti pemerolehan kembali mesti dikawal bagi memastikan
pengendalian dan pengurusan buangan terjadual yang baik. Oleh itu, aktiviti
pemerolehan kembali buangan terjadual ditetapkan sebagai aktiviti yang ditetapkan
yang perlu dilesenkan oleh Jabatan Alam Sekitar. Lesen operasi yang dikeluarkan
menggariskan syarat-syarat berkenaan operasi dan pengendalian bagi pemegang
lesen untuk mematuhinya. Satu kajian pemeriksaan telah dijalankan ke atas lima
belas (15) kemudahan
pemerolehan kembali luar tapak di Johor, yang terdiri
daripada kemudahan pemerolehan kembali minyak, kemudahan pemerolehan
kembali pelarut, kemudahan pemerolehan kembali logam dan kemudahan
pemerolehan kembali yang lain. Keputusan daripada kajian pemeriksaan kemudahan
pemerolehan kembali luar tapak menunjukkan kebanyakan pemegang lesen tidak
mengambil perhatian kepada pematuhan syarat-syarat lesen yang disertakan bersama
lesen operasi. Di antara syarat-syarat lesen yang masih belum dipatuhi adalah syarat
rekod inventori terutamanya Rekod Inventori Buangan Terjadual Yang Tidak
Mengikut “Waste Acceptance Criteria” (60%) dan Rekod Inventori Kerosakan
Kemudahan (53%), “Waste Acceptance Criteria” (53%), Pelan Tindakan Kecemasan
dan Latihan (53%) dan syarat Laporan Pengawasan Alam Sekitar (33%). Cadangan
telah dikemukakan untuk tindakan yang boleh diambil bagi meningkatkan dan
memperbaiki prosedur sedia ada pelesenan dan pemeriksaan bagi kemudahan
pemerolehan kembali luar tapak.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
vii
viii
ABSTRAK
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
x
LIST OF TABLES
xiv
LIST OF FIGURES
xvi
LIST OF ANNEXES
xviii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1-11
1.1 Pollution Prevention – A New Agenda to Toxic and Hazardous
Waste Management
1.2 Statement of Need
1
4
1.3 Aim and Objectives
10
1.4 Scope of Study
11
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
12-71
2.1
Waste Management Strategy
12
2.2
Regulations Motivate Pollution Prevention
13
2.3
Toxic And Hazardous Waste Management
18
2.4
Identification and Classification of Toxic and Hazardous Wastes
20
2.5
Legislation And Policy on The Toxic and Hazardous Waste Management in
Malaysia
24
2.5.1
efinition of Waste
D
24
efinition of Toxic and Hazardous Waste
D
25
nvironmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 1989
E
26
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
E
nvironmental Quality (Prescribed Premises) (Scheduled
Wastes Treatment and Disposal Facilities) Order, 1989
29
Page
2.5.5
E
nvironmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Scheduled
Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities) Regulations, 1989
30
2.5.6
2.6
E
nvironmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental
Impact Assessment) Order, 1987
30
Licensing and Inspection Of Scheduled Waste Management Facilities
35
2.6.1
O
37
utline of Licensing Process
2.7
Classification of Toxic and Hazardous Waste Management Facilities
38
2.7.1
E
xclusive Right of Kualiti Alam - The History of Scheduled Waste
Management System in Malaysia
42
2.7.2
K
ualiti Alam Sdn.Bhd. – The Integrated Scheduled Waste
Management System
2.8
2.9
46
Licence Application Overview
48
2.8.1
Types of Licence Application and Fees
48
2.8.2
Functional Issues in Licence Application
48
Inspection of Waste Management Facilities
52
2.9.1
ypes of Inspection
52
2.10
Treatment and Disposal Methods for Scheduled Wastes
53
2.11
Resource Recovery Technologies
59
2.11.1 Oil Recovery
2.12
62
2.11.3 Use Recovered Oil and/or Waste Oil
65
Solvent Recovery
Metal Recovery
2.13.1
etal Recovery Methodologies
CHAPTER III: STUDY METHODOLOGY
3.1 Study Methodology
3.2
60
2.11.2 Recovery Methodologies
2.12.1
olvent Recovery Methodologies
2.13
T
66
S
67
67
M
68
72-79
72
3.1.1
rimary Data
P
73
3.1.2
econdary Data
S
73
Techniques of Study
75
3.2.1
ssessment Form
A
75
3.2.2
Document Review
76
3.2.3
Sites Study Inspection and Observation
77
Page
CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
78-107
4.1
Recovery – Recycling Option
78
4.2
Assessment of Licensing and Inspection of Off-Site
Recovery Facilities in Johor
82
4.2.1
83
4.2.2
4.3
4.3.1
4.4
Legislation
Outline of Licensing Process
84
Site Study Inspection of Off-Sites Recovery Facilities
99
Compliance to Licence Conditions
Legal Action/Administrative Enforcement Response
CHAPTER V: CASE STUDY: ASSESSMENT OF LICENCE
COMPLIANCE SCHEDULE
5.1 Assessment of Licence Compliance Schedule
5.2 Term and Conditions of Operating Licence
100
105
108-142
108
109
5.2.1
Types and Quantity of Wastes
109
5.2.2
Sources of Wastes
112
5.2.3
Permissible Process
117
5.2.4
System and Design of Recovery Plant
120
5.2.5
Pollution Control
124
5.2.6
Inventory Record
126
5.2.7
Storage
128
5.2.8
Waste Transfer Methodology
131
5.2.9
Consignment Note
134
5.2.10
Cleaning Up Cost
137
5.2.11
Closure Plan
137
5.2.12
Emergency Response Plan and Procedures
139
5.2.13
Other Conditions
141
Page
CHAPTER
VI:
CONCLUSION
6.1
RECOMMENDATIONS
AND
143-157
Recommendations
143
6.1.1
nstituitional Framework
I
143
raining Recommendation
T
146
6.1.2
6.1.3
E
nvironmental Impact Assessment – Post Project
Appraisal Of Off-Site Recovery Facilities
6.1.4
R
eactivation of the Malaysian Agenda for Waste Reduction
Programme (MAWAR)
6.1.5
E
152
stablishment of Waste Exchange
E
155
Conclusion
REFERENCES
151
nvironmental Management System – Encouragement for the
Recovery Facilities Certification
6.1.6
6.2
148
158-164
156
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1.1
Evolution of Waste Management Approaches in Malaysia
2
Table 1.2
Quantity of Scheduled Wastes Exported (Tonnes) 1997-2001
8
Table 2.1
Malaysia: Examples of Federal Laws and Programmes
Encouraging Source Reduction in Relation to Toxic and
Hazardous Waste
16
United States: Examples of Federal Laws and Programmes
Encouraging Sources Reduction in Relation to Toxic and
Hazardous Wastes
17
Table 2.3
Hierarchy of Pollution Prevention Measure’s
18
Table 2.4
Engineering Classification System for Hazardous Waste
22
Table 2.5
Terms Of Toxic and Hazardous Wastes in Selected Countries
and International Organizations
25
Table 2.6
Malaysia: Environmental Quality Act, 1974. Licences, Part III
36
Table 2.7
Major Types of Scheduled Waste Arising in Malaysia
44
Table 2.8
Types of Licence Application and Fees
50
Table 2.9
Functional Issues to Address in Written Permission/Licence
Application
50
Table 2.10
Inspection of Waste Management Facilities
54
Table 2.11
Overview of Recovery/Treatment Option
56
Table 2.12
Recoverable Components from Scheduled Wastes
58
Table 2.13
Treatment and Disposal Technologies For Scheduled Wastes
59
Table 2.14
Oil Recovery Processes
60
Table 2.15
Metal Recovery
68
Table 3.1
Methodology Used to Obtain Primary Data
75
Table 3.2
Contents of The Assessment Form For
Inspection of the Licensed Off-Sites Recovery
Facility in Johor
77
Checklist Assessment of Sites Study Inspection of the
Off-Site Recovery Facilities
79
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Approval
of the Off-Site Recovery Facilities (1990-2003)
88
Table 2.2
Table 3.3
Page
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Scheduled Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities Licences Issued by the D
Table 4.3
Site Selection and Screening Criteria – Toxic and
Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal Projects
– Off-Site Recovery Facility
92
Table 4.4
Table 4.5
Table 5.1
Table 5.2
List of the Off-Site Recovery Facilities in Johor and Types of
Wastes Licensed by Department of Environment
94
Johor: Quantity of Scheduled Wastes Generated by
Waste Category, 2001
101
Types of Scheduled Wastes Treated at the Off-Site Recovery
Facilities in Johor
111
The Sources of Wastes and Number of Waste
Generators Approved for the Off-Site Recovery
Facilities in Johor, 2003
114
Slop Oil Recovery from Waste Generators in
Techno Indah Sdn Bhd Pasir Gudang
115
Types, Sources and Chemical Composition of Zinc
Wastes
116
Process Recovery of the Off-Site Recovery
Facilities in Johor
118
Example of Standard Operating Procedure for
Metal Recovery Plant
123
Example of Lists of Standard Operating Procedures
(SOPs) for Metal Recycling Plant
124
Table 6.1
Processing Responsibility
145
Table 6.2
Administrative Inspection Response
147
Table 6.3
Outline for Training of the Scheduled Waste
Management of Off-Site Recovery Facilities
148
Classification of Companies on the Basis of
Environmental Performance
154
Table 5.3
Table 5.4
Table 5.5
Table 5.6
Table 5.7
Table 6.4
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1.1
Waste Management Hierarchy
2
Figure 1.2
Pollution Prevention Hierarchy
3
Figure 1.3
Pollutant Prevention Techniques
5
Figure 1.4
Quantity of Scheduled Wastes Generated by Waste Category
6
Figure 1.5
Quantity of Scheduled Wastes Generated by Industries
7
Figure 2.1
Recent and Proposed Industrial Waste Management Practices
14
Figure 2.2
Principle of Toxic and Hazardous Waste Management Cradle to Grave
19
The Procedure for Identification and Classification of
Scheduled Waste in Malaysia
23
Inter-Relationship Within Prescribed Activities 18(a) Toxic
and Hazardous Wastes
33
Flow Chart of Processing of Written Permission and
New Licence for Prescribed Premises (Scheduled
Wastes)
39
Figure 2.6
Recovery, Treatment and Disposal Technology
41
Figure 2.7
Waste Management Flow Diagram for Fully Integrated
Hazardous Waste Management Facility
41
Figure 2.8
Waste Management Flow Chart of Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd.
49
Figure 2.9
Treatment and Disposal Alternatives for Industrial Wastes
57
Figure 2.10
Treatment and Recovery of Waste Oil
61
Figure 3.1
Study Flow Chart
74
Figure 4.1
Typical Process Schematic
81
Figure 4.2
Basic Process Schematic with Recycle Back to Feed
81
Figure 4.3
Basic Process Schematic with Recycle Back to Process
81
Figure 4.4
Basic Process Schematic with Additional Treatment for by
Product Recovery
81
Basic Process Schematic with Additional Treatment and
Energy Recovery
81
Figure 4.6
Summary of Licensing Process and Procedures
85
Figure 4.7
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Written
Permission Approval of the Off-Site Recovery Facilities in
Johor
89
Figure 2.3
Figure 2.4
Figure 2.5
Figure 4.5
Page
Figure 4.8
Figure 4.9
Figure 4.10
Location of the Fifteen Off-Site Recovery Facilities
in Johor
96
Location of the Off-Site Recovery Facilities in Pasir
Gudang
97
Status of Compliance of Off-Site Recovery
Facilities in Johor
100
Status of Compliances According to the Type of
Recovery
102
Status of Compliance According to Licence Terms
and Condition of the Off-Site Recovery Facilities
in Johor
103
Relationship of the Types of Recovery Facilities to the
Selected Licence Condition
104
Figure 4.14
The Administrative Inspection Response
107
Figure 5.1
Waste Acceptance Criteria for Metal Recycling Plant
113
Figure 5.2
Process Flow Chart for Handling and Separation of
Aluminium Dross
119
Figure 5.3
Process Flow Chart for Aluminium Smelting
120
Figure 5.4
Flow Chart for the Process of Spent Nickel Catalyst
121
Figure 5.5
Clear Prohibitive Signs Installed at the Strategic
Storage Location
130
An Example of the Signboard of the Conveyance
Vehicle of the Scheduled Wastes
135
Figure 5.7
Consignment Note System
137
Figure 6.1
Components of Post Assessment Activities
149
Figure 4.11
Figure 4.12
Figure 4.13
Figure 5.6
LIST OF ANNEXES
1.
Assessment Form of Licensing and Inspection of Off- Site Recovery Facilities
2.
Example of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Approval
3.
Example of Written Permission
4.
Example of Compliance Table- Licence Condition
5.
Second Schedule- Notification
6.
Fourth Schedule- Scheduled Wastes Potentially Incompatibility
7.
Fifth Schedule- Form of Inventory
8.
Sixth Schedule – Consignment Note
9.
Seventh Schedule- Information To Accompany Scheduled Waste Consignments
10. Licence Application Form For Scheduled Waste Management Facility