AP Psychology - Cumulative Exam
Units 1-4: History of Psychology, Research, Biopsychology, Sensation and Perception
1. Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons?
(A)
A protoplasmic transfer of ions
(B)
A finely graded response
(C)
An all-or-none response
(D)
An osmotic process
(E)
A symbiotic function
2. Painkilling substances produced by the brain are known as
(A)
cortisols
(B)
endorphins
(C)
glucocorticoids
(D)
pheromones
(E)
hormones
3. Receptors especially important for helping a person maintain balance are located in the
(A)
gyrus cinguli
(B)
inner ear
(C)
tendons
(D)
ossicles
(E)
ligaments
Questions 4-5 refer to the situation described below.
In an experiment designed to determine whether watching violent scenes on television increases
the frequency of aggressive behavior in children, one group of subjects saw a nonviolent cartoon
and another group saw a violent cartoon. In the play period that followed the viewing of the
cartoons, researchers observed the two groups of children together and counted instances of
aggressive behavior.
4. The control group in the experiment is the group that
(A) the researchers thought would be most aggressive
(B) performed the larger number of aggressive acts
(C) performed the smaller number of aggressive acts
(D) watched the violent cartoon
(E) watched the nonviolent cartoon
5. The dependent variable in the experiment is the
(A) amount of aggressive behavior exhibited by the children
(B) amount of time that each child spent interacting with the other children
(C) group in which each child was originally placed
(D) violent cartoon
(E) nonviolent cartoon
6. Activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system results in
(A)
an increase in salivation
(B)
an increase in digestion
(C)
an increase in respiratory rate
(D)
a decrease in heart rate
(E)
a decrease in pupil dilation
7. Leadership, job satisfaction, and employee motivation are all studied in which of the following
psychological disciplines?
(A)
Humanistic psychology
(B)
Industrial-organizational psychology
(C)
Community psychology
(D)
Counseling psychology
(E)
Experimental psychology
8. According to the ethical guidelines set by the American Psychological Association (APA),
which of the following is true of psychological research in which animals are used as subjects?
(A) It must not involve the use of surgical procedures.
(B) It is no longer permitted by the APA without special authorization.
(C) It should conform to all APA ethical guidelines for animal research.
(D) It must be limited to investigations that only use correlational procedures.
(E) It may be conducted by psychologists who do not have a license.
9. Hunger and eating are primarily regulated by which of the following?
(A)
Androgens
(B)
Estrogens
(C)
The hypothalamus
(D)
The kidneys
(E)
The medulla oblongata
10. The occipital lobes contain
(A) the primary visual cortex
(B) the prefrontal cortex
(C) the somatosensory cortex
(D) the pons
(E) sensory and motor connections to other brain regions
11. Eleanor Gibson and her colleagues used the visual cliff to measure infant's ability to perceive
(A)
patterns
(B)
depth
(C)
size constancy
(D)
shape constancy
(E)
different hues
12. Which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes observable responses over
inner experiences when accounting for behavior?
(A)
Behaviorist
(B)
Cognitive
(C)
Existentialist
(D)
Psychodynamic
(E)
Structuralist
13. Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all
(A) hormones excreted by the endocrine glands
(B) secretions of the pituitary gland
(C) drugs used in the therapeutic treatment of memory disorders
(D) enzymes involved with the degradation of intemeuron signals
(E) neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse
14. The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from
(A) anger directed toward the self and significant others
(B) an excess of certain neurotransmitters in the brain
(C) failure in adult love relationships
(D) maladaptive interpretations of life events
(E) oral fixations from disturbed mother-infant relationships
15. The most common form of color blindness is related to deficiencies in the
(A)
blue-yellow system
(B)
red-green system
(C)
process of visual summation
(D)
bipolar cells
(E)
secretion of rhodopsin
16. A person is asked to listen to a series of tones presented in pairs, and asked to say whether the
tones in each pair are the same or different in pitch. In this situation the experimenter is most
likely measuring the individual's
(A)
sound localization ability
(B)
dichotic listening ability
(C)
difference threshold
(D)
echoic memory
(E)
attention span
17. A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in
school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having
encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the
researcher has incorrectly
(A)
failed to allow for experimenter bias
(B)
identified the independent variable
(C)
identified the dependent variable
(D)
inferred correlation from causation
(E)
inferred causation from correlation
18. In a normal distribution, the percentage of scores that fall at or below the mean score is
(A) 17.5
(B) 25
(C) 50
(D) 66.6
(E) 95
19. Which of the following statements is true of behaviorism?
(A) It was formulated to account for cognitive development.
(B) It is rooted in Sigmund Freud's view of the importance of early experiences.
(C) It focuses on the development of thought processes and knowledge.
(D) It holds that development is largely a product of observable learning.
(E) It emphasizes the dominance of heredity over environment.
20. The mean will be higher than the median in any distribution that
(A) is symmetrical
(B) is not normal
(C)
is positively skewed
(D)
represents measures for a random sample
(E)
represents measures for a biased sample
21. A person with sight in only one eye lacks which of the following visual cues for depth?
(A)
Retinal disparity
(B)
Linear perspective
(C)
Motion parallax
(D)
Relative size
(E)
Texture gradient
22. The intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual is known as the
individual's
(A)
contrast sensitivity
(B)
absolute threshold
(C)
response threshold
(D)
critical frequency
(E)
just noticeable difference
23.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to
increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon
increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential across the synapse
facilitate the incoming stimulus signals at sensory receptors
reduce the amount of unused neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft
protect the terminal buttons of the neuron from destruction by enzymes
24. Which of the following accurately describes a major change in perspective in the field of
developmental psychology over the past twenty-five years?
(A) A shift from an emphasis on childhood and adolescence to an interest in development over
the life span
(B) A shift from a cognitive to a psychoanalytic interpretation of developmental phenomena
(C) A shift in research focus from cognitive to personality development
(D) A decrease in interest in the physiological factors affecting growth and development
(E) A decrease in interest in the study of the cognitive components of intellect
25. Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without
performing surgery?
(A)
Computerized axial tomography (CAT)
(B)
Stereotaxic examination
(C)
Retrograde degeneration
(D)
Biofeedback
(E)
Ablation
26. The change in the curvature of the lens that enables the eye to focus on objects at various
distances is called
(A)
accommodation
(B)
adaptation
(C)
conduction
(D)
convergence
(E)
consonance
27. The tendency of most people to identify a three-sided figure as a triangle, even when one of
its sides is incomplete, is the result of a perceptual process known as
(A)
closure
(B)
proximity
(C)
similarity
(D)
feature analysis
(E)
shape constancy
28. For most people, which of the following is an activity based in the right hemisphere of the
brain?
(A)
Muscular control of the right hand
(B)
Simple spatial reasoning
(C)
Arithmetic reasoning
(D)
Language comprehension
(E)
Speech production
29.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Which of the following is true of the reticular activating system?
It is the major system in the brain for controlling emotions.
It functions primarily in the control of motor responses.
It regulates levels of arousal and attention span.
It regulates body temperature.
It controls the uptake of pituitary hormones.
30. If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of
paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is
(A)
green
(B)
red
(C)
blue
(D)
violet
(E)
black
31. The place in the retina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called the
(A)
lens
(B)
sclera
(C)
fovea
(D)
blind spot
(E)
aqueous humor
32. In their discussions of the process of lifespan development, the advocates of nature in the
nature-nurture controversy emphasize which of the following?
(A)
Social Interactions
(B)
Cognitive Interpretations
(C)
Inherited Traits
(D)
Experience
(E)
Information Processing
33. An individual experiencing a low blood-glucose level would be best advised to do which of
the following?
(A) Take a nap
(B) Eat a sugary snack
(C) Drink a glass of water
(D) Drink a diet soda
(E) Get some exercise
34. In an experiment, which of the following variables refers to the outcome that is measured by
the experimenter?
(A) Independent
(B) Dependent
(C) Control
(D) Random (E) Stimulus
35. The coiled tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called the
(A)
semicircular canal
(B)
ossicle
(C)
pinna
(D)
cochlea
(E)
oval window
36. Which of the following parts of the brain is most active in decision-making?
(A) Reticular formation
(B) Corpus callosum
(C) Hypothalamus
(D) Frontal lobes
(E) Pituitary gland
37. Drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes
ensures that
(A) each person in town has the same probability of being chosen for the study
(B) an equal number of males and females are selected for interviews
(C) the study includes at least some respondents from every social class in town
(D) the study will uncover widely differing social attitudes among the respondents
(E) the sample will be large enough even though some people may refuse to be interviewed
38. Climbing an irregular set of stairs is more difficult for an individual who wears a patch over
one eye primarily because
(A) some depth perception is lost
(B) half of the visual field is missing
(C) the ability to perceive interposition is lost
(D) the patch disrupts the functioning of the vestibular system
(E) the patch alters the ability of the open eye to compensate
39. Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities EXCEPT
(A) bitter
(B) sweet
(C) salty
(D) spicy
(E) sour
40. An important difference between humanistic and psychoanalytic approaches is that
humanistic psychologists believe in the importance of
(A) learned behaviors
(B) freewill and goal-setting
(C) pre-determinism
(D) biological instincts
(E) unconscious processes
41. In psychology, Gestalt principles are used to explain
(A) statistical probabilities
(B) somatic behavioral disorders
(C) visual perceptual organization
(D) stimulus-detection thresholds
(E) altered states of consciousness
42. A student obtained a percentile rank of 75 on an achievement test is characterized as having
(A) ranked 75th from the top in a group of 100 test takers
(B) answered 75% of the test questions correctly
(C) scored higher than 75% of the test takers
(D) scored 75% higher than the average test taker
(E) scored 75% of the highest score
43. The general function of the bones in the middle ear is to
(A) convert the incoming sound from pounds per square inch to decibels
(B) protect the cochlea
(C) regulate changes in the air pressure of the inner ear
(D) transfer sound information from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea
(E) provide information to the vestibular system
44. A brain tumor that results in obesity would most likely be located in the
(A) left frontal lobe
(B) base of the brain stem
(C) area of the hypothalamus
(D) reticular activating system
(E) somatosensory cortex
45. The most distinctive characteristic of the experimental method is that it
(A) studies a few people in great depth
(B) studies subjects in their natural environment
(C) is an efficient way to discover how people feel
(D) seeks to establish cause-effect relationships
(E) provides a chronological basis for reaching conclusions
46. Although Paul seems bright and capable to his parents and friends, he has been failing in
school. Paul agrees to speak with a psychologist, who suggests that his problems stem from
internal thought processes such as unrealistic expectations and negative thinking. The
psychologist's view is typical of which of the following models of behavior?
(A) Psychoanalytic
(B) Humanistic
(C) Cognitive
(D) Sociobiological
(E) Behavioral
47. Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation paradigm is typically used to test young children's
(A) ego strength
(B) intelligence
(C) reaction time
(D) attachment to their caregivers
(E) incidental learning
48. People who have experienced severe damage to the frontal lobes of the brain seldom regain
their ability to
(A) make and carry out plans
(B) recognize visual information
(C) process auditory information
(D) interpret written or spoken language
(E) integrate their multiple personalities
49. Which of the following is a brain-imaging technique that produces the most detailed picture
of brain structure?
(A) Electroencephalography (EEG)
(B) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
(C) Positron emission tomography (PET)
(D) Computerized axial tomography (CAT)
(E) Electromyography (EMG)
50. Psychoanalytic theorists emphasize the
(A) powerful unconscious impulses that motivate behavior
(B) formation and modification of mental maps (schema)
(C) impact of rewards and punishments
(D) individual's desire to become self-actualized
(E) social norms that determine expected behavior
51. Stimulation of portions of the left temporal lobe of the brain during surgery will cause the
patient to
(A) see lights
(B) lose the sense of smell
(C) jerk the left arm
(D) extend the tongue
(E) hear sounds
52. The role of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is to
(A) facilitate the body's fight-or-flight response
(B) prepare the body to cope with stress
(C) promote rapid cognitive processing
(D) prompt the body to use its resources in responding to environmental stimuli
(E) establish homeostasis (regularity) after a fight-or-flight response
53. Which of the following occurs when a neuron is stimulated to its threshold?
(A) Movement of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane creates an action potential.
(B) The neuron hyperpolarizes.
(C) Neurotransmitters are released from the dendrites.
(D) The absolute refractory period of the neuron prevents it from responding.
(E) The neuron's equilibrium potential is reached.
54. The thalamus processes information for all of the following senses EXCEPT
(A) smell
(B) hearing
(C) taste
(D) vision
(E) touch
55. The longer an individual is exposed to a strong odor, the less aware of the odor the individual
becomes. This phenomenon is known as sensory _____
(A) acuity
(B) adaptation
(C) awareness
(D) reception
(E) overload
56. Which type of psychologist would be interested primarily in studying whether people behave
differently in groups than they do when alone?
(A) Experimental
(B) Cognitive
(C) Developmental
(D) Social-Cultural
(E) Clinical
57. Which of the following theoretical frameworks would argue most strongly that a healthy child
will make choices that are good for his or her future growth and realization of their full potential?
(A) Social learning theory
(B) Psychoanalytic
(C) Behavioral
(D) Humanistic
(E) Psychodynamic
58. The ability to choose specific stimuli to learn about, while filtering out or ignoring other
information, is called
(A) selective attention
(B) subliminal perception
(C) time-sharing
(D) masking
(E) shadowing
59. A person who has a brain injury is having difficulty seeing and hearing. These symptoms
indicate that damage has occurred in the _____ and _____ lobes
(A) parietal and occipital lobes
(B) occipital and temporal lobes
(C) frontal and temporal lobes
(D) temporal lobe only
(E) frontal lobe only
60. A double-blind control is essential for which of the following?
(A) Ensuring that a correlation coefficient effectively reflects the results of a case study
(B) Eliminating bias on the part of both participants and researchers during an experiment
(C) An experiment to determine the effect of a food reward on the bar-pressing rate of a rat
(D) Prohibiting a researcher from employing coercive tactics to manipulate a random selection
(E) A survey of drug use among teenagers
61. For most people, speech production functions are primarily localized in the
(A) right temporal lobe
(B) left frontal lobe
(C) occipital lobe
(D) corpus callosum
(E) cerebellum
62. Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship
(A) .05
(B) 1.0
(C) -.25
(D) -.50
(E) 1.25
63. The overall purpose of psychoanalytic therapy is to
(A) change the behavior patterns of the client in therapy
(B) help the client in therapy reach his or her full potential
(C) alter the thought processes of the client in therapy
(D) help the client uncover unconscious motives for their behaviors
(E) help the client in therapy get rid of irrational thoughts
64. In a weight loss experiment, five participants lost 12 lbs., 10 lbs., 18 lbs. 5 lbs., and 10 lbs.,
respectively. What was the mean weight loss for this group of individuals ?
(A) 10 lbs.
(B) 13 lbs.
(C) 5 lbs.
(D) 11 lbs.
(E) 12 lbs.
65. Which of the following are most involved in the action potential of a neuron?
(A) Calcium and sodium
(B) Sodium and potassium
(C) Potassium and calcium
(D) Chloride and calcium
(E) Chloride and sodium
66. Which of the following research techniques would be used to measure the relationship
between age and reaction time?
(A) Correlation
(B) Central tendency
(C) A histogram
(D) Standard deviation
(E) Naturalistic Observation
67. Which component of the limbic system has an essential role in the formation of new
memories?
(A) Amygdala
(B) Hippocampus
(C) Pituitary gland
(D) Hypothalamus
(E) Thalaiflus
68. The human vestibular sense is most closely associated with the
(A) skin
(B) semicircular canals
(C) taste buds
(D) olfactory bulb
(E) rods and cones
69. Of the following research methods, which can best establish a cause-and-effect relationship?
(A) Naturalistic observation
(B) A survey
(C) A test
(D) A case study
(E) An experiment
70. Which of the following is a possible reason why cats can see better at night than can humans?
(A) Cats have a higher proportion of rods to cones.
(B) Cats' pupils can contract to a smaller opening.
(C) Cats have a smaller blind spot.
(D) Cats have a larger optic nerve tract.
(E) The visual cortex of cats is located farther forward in the cortex.
71. Which of the following is considered the fundamental building block of the nervous system?
(A) Nucleus
(B) Neuron
(C) Synapse
(D) Neurotransmitter (E) Electrical impulse
72. The humanistic perspective in psychology suggests that
(A) most behavior can be explained by operant conditioning principles
(B) all humans behaviors are driven by unconscious desires
(C) all humans have choices and their behaviors reflect personal goals
(D) humans are doomed to a life of neurosis and suffering
(E) human behaviors are pre-determined at birth
73. The human brain differs from the brains of most other animals by the relative amount of brain
mass devoted to which of the following?
(A) The occipital lobe
(B) The cerebellum
(C) The cerebral cortex
(D) The homunculus
(E) The pituitary gland
74. According to the psychoanalytic view, depression is caused by
(A) a neurotransmitter imbalance
(B) self-defeating thoughts
(C) prolonged exposure to stressors over which the individual has limited control
(D) unresolved experiences of loss from childhood
(E) alcohol or other substance abuse
75. Which of the following structures of the brain has been linked with the regulation of hunger
and thirst?
(A) Hippocampus
(B) Hypothalamus
(C) Thalamus
(D) Pons
(E) Medulla
76. Which of the following glands produces human growth hormones?
(A) pancreas
(B) pituitary
(C) parathyroids
(D) stomach
(E) thymus
77. The minimum intensity at which a stimulus can be detected at least 50 percent of the time is
known as the
(A) visual cliff
(B) just noticeable difference
(C) perceptual set
(D) receptor potential
(E) absolute threshold
78. A researcher studies the effects of brain lesions in rats. This research study reflects which of
the following perspectives?
(A) Cognitive (B) Biological (C) Behavioral (D) Humanistic (E) Psychoanalytic
79. The evolutionary perspective argues that
(A) humans are motivated by a desire to maintain optimum hormonal levels
(B) humans are genetically programmed to ensure that there is a new generation of the species
(C) humans strive to minimize inconsistent thoughts and actions
(D) there is a relationship among task difficulty, physical arousal, and task performance
(E) conditioning explains most human behavior
80. Which of the following is NOT a Gestalt principle of perceptual organization?
(A) Proximity (B) Similarity (C) Closure
(D) Intensity (E) Continuity
81. Which of the following is the correct sequence of anatomical structures through which an
auditory stimulus passes before it is perceived as sound?
(A) Cochlea, ossicles, eardrum, oval window, auditory canal
(B) Eardrum, cochlea, auditory canal, ossicles, oval window
(C) Oval window, auditory canal, eardrum, cochlea, ossicles
(D) Ossicles, eardrum, cochlea, auditory canal, oval window
(E) Auditory canal, eardrum, hammer, cochlea, cochlear nerve
82. Which of the following neurotransmitters is most directly associated with Alzheimer's
disease?
(A) Dopamine
(B) Serotonin
(C) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
(D) Acetylcholine (ACh)
(E) Glutamate
Questions 83-84 refer to the following study.
A student hypothesizes that high school students consuming different flavors of a drink before a
spelling test will perform differently. A study to test the hypothesis finds that with a bitter drink,
performance is best 6 hours after drinking it, whereas with a sweet drink, performance is better 1
hour after drinking it.
83. Which of the following are the independent variables?
(A) Test scores and high school students
(B) Test scores and time of consumption
(C) Flavor of drink and time of consumption
(D) Flavor of drink and high school students
(E) Flavor of drink and test scores
84. Which of the following is the dependent variable?
(A) Flavor of drink
(B) Participants' spelling test scores
(C) Participants' ages
(D) Time the drink was consumed
(E) Number of drinks consumed
85. Prior to their participation in an experiment, APA requires that potential participants are given
details of the experiment that they are about to partake in. This ethical guideline is referred to as?
(A) Debriefing
(B) Random Sampling
(C) Confidentiality
(D) Informed Consent
(E) The Hawthorne Effect
86. You are sitting in the pit area at the Indianapolis 500. You closely watch one of the cars whiz
around on the track in front of the seething mass of humanity crammed into the stands. You have
organized this visual scene such that the race car is ____ and the people and the stands are _____.
(A)
figure; ground
(B)
ground; figure
(C)
figure; common region
(D)
common region; camouflage
(E)
common region; figure
87. If you stand in the middle of a cobblestone street, the street will look coarse and detailed near
your feet and finer if you look into the distance. This is called
(A) texture gradient.
(B) linear perspective.
(C) relative size.
(D) relative motion.
(E) a vanishing point
88. A "silent" dog whistle takes advantage of a characteristic of sensory systems
known as
(A)
the absolute threshold.
(B)
the difference threshold.
(C)
perceptual defense.
(D)
a just noticeable difference.
(E)
sensory adaptation
89. Frequency is to __________ as amplitude is to __________.
(A)
compression; rarefaction
(B)
rarefaction; compression
(C)
pitch; loudness
(D)
loudness; pitch
(E)
decibel; hertz
90. A researcher presents two lights of varying brightness to a subject who is
asked to respond "same" or "different" by comparing their intensities. The
researcher is seeking the
(A)
just noticeable difference.
(B)
absolute threshold.
(C)
subliminal threshold.
(D)
minimal threshold.
(E)
Weber’s Law
91. A psychologist who is “eclectic” can best be described as
(A) rejecting determinism in favor of free will.
(B) cognitive rather than behavioral.
(C) advancing the research-based knowledge of psychology
(D) preferring pseudo-psychological approaches.
(E) drawing from many psychological approaches
92. A psychologist whose viewpoint is psychodynamic
(A) focuses on self-image and self-actualization to explain behavior.
(B) believes behavior is directed by forces within one's personality which
are often unconscious.
(C) emphasizes the study of observable behavior.
(D) is usually eclectic in his practice.
(E) focuses on the effects of genes and heredity to explain
human behaviors
93.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
A psychologist using the method of naturalistic observation would
carefully design controlled situations in which to observe behavior.
rely on observations of subjects' responses to questionnaires.
observe behavior as it happens naturally outside the laboratory or clinic.
make records of the behavior of clients treated in therapy.
report only the behaviors related to the dependent variable
94. In a study of effects of alcohol on driving ability, the control group should be
given
(A) a high dosage of alcohol.
(B) one-half the dosage given the experimental group.
(C) a driving test before and after drinking alcohol.
(D) no alcohol at all.
(E) no driving instructions
95. Subjects are said to be assigned randomly when
(A) they are assigned to experimental and control groups from a
sample which is representative of the larger population.
(B) they each have an equal chance of being assigned to either the
experimental or control group.
(C) they are assigned to experimental and control groups so that
the groups differ on some critical variable before the
experiment begins.
(D) neither the experimenter nor the subject knows whether the
subject is in the experimental or control group.
(E) the subjects are unaware that they are part of an experiment
96. Which depth cue perceived by the brain uses the distance between two retinal
images in determining an objects distance from the viewer?
(A)
convergence
(B)
motion parallax
(C)
retinal disparity
(D)
linear perspective
(E)
proximity
97. An absolute threshold must stimulate a sense at least _____ percent of the
time.
(A) 50 (B) 60 (C) 75 (D) 90 (E) 25
98. An experiment is performed to test the effects of sleep deprivation on rote
memory. In this experiment, the dependent variable is the
(A)number of hours subjects go without sleep.
(B) number of subjects in the control group
(C) number of subjects deprived of sleep in the experimental group.
(D)correlation between hours of sleep and fatigue.
(E) rote memory scores.
99. Which of the following is most closely associated with language
comprehension?
(A)
Occiptal Lobe
(B)
Broca’s Area
(C)
Wernicke’s Area
(D)
Parietal Lobe
(E)
Somatosensory Cortex
100. Weeks after an automobile accident, a friend continues to have difficulty
maintaining balance and movements. You should suspect that damage may have
occurred to the
(A)
corpus callosum.
(B)
cerebellum.
(C)
medulla.
(D)
reticular formation.
(E)
amygdala