Spring 2009
MW 2:30 – 4:00pm, Stokes 016
Professor: Craig Borowiak
Office: Hall 214
Office Hours: Weds 10:00am - 12:00 (or by appointment)
E-Mail: cborowia@haverford.edu
This course critically examines the principles, history and practice underlying the international human rights regime. Mixing political theory and policy discussions, it will address such issues as the historical and theoretical origins of human rights discourse, the cultural specificity of human rights, the role of national sovereignty and international law, and questions of accountability for human rights abuses. Attention will also be paid to the impact of globalization and the role of civil society in human rights campaigns.
Assignments
1.
Participation
While I will lecture from time to time, the course is built around the hope that discussion will provide the principal intellectual energy. It is imperative that you come to class well-prepared and ready to participate. The quality of this course will depend on the effort each of us puts into it. We will be exploring some deep and contentious issues – questions, challenges, and disagreements are, of course, encouraged.
2. Discussion Questions
Each student will be asked to write two discussion questions for every class period. These need to be more than one sentence questions asking the obvious. Instead they should provide some context for the question and display some thought and sophistication regarding how you are processing the texts. I will not collect these for every class, but I will not hesitate to call upon students to present their questions during class. I will periodically collect them in class and evaluate them with a

,

-, or

+. These will factor in your participation grade.
3. Co-Leading Discussion
Each student will sign up to work with one (or two) other students to present discussion points/questions for one class period during the semester. These should be posted on Blackboard by
9pm the night before class. You will then be asked to present your discussion points in class.
3. Take-Home Midterm Exam
4. Policy Brief and NGO Essay
There will also be two additional writing assignments. The first will be a policy brief you will write on Guantanamo Bay, security and the rights of prisoners, and the Geneva Conventions. The second will be an overview and assessment of a human rights NGO. This will involve some independent research. We will then compile these overviews in a single document for the class.
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5. Final Paper (10-15 page) with Annotated Bibliography
You will write a longer paper on a human rights issue of your own choosing. You will be expected to do some outside research for this. This paper may critically explore further material discussed in class or it may push beyond course material to address particular human rights cases, new agendas for human rights, or theoretical debates surrounding human rights. Instead of creating a regular bibliography for this paper, you will be asked to generate an annotated one to be shared with the class.
Evaluation criteria (approximate)
Midterm exam
Policy brief + NGO overview
30%
15%
Final Paper 35% (+ 5% for bibliography)
Quality of Class Involvement (including reading questions) 15%
The Following Books Are Available at the Bookstore
Ishay, The Human Rights Reader, 2 nd
edition (HR Reader)
Forsythe, Human Rights and International Relations , 2 nd
edition
Lauren, The Evolution of Human Rights
Additional Resources
Internet

List of International Human Rights Instruments: http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/ainstls2.htm

University of Minnesota Human Rights Library: http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts

United Nations, human rights related resources: http://www.un.org/rights

United States Department of State, Human Rights Country Reports: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/hr/index.cfm?id=1470

Foreign Policy magazine's links: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/resources/links.php

Amnesty International: http://www.amnesty.org

Human Rights Watch: http://www.hrw.org
 the UN homepage http: http://www.un.org

Human Rights Information and Documentation Systems, International: http://hurisearch.org
Human Rights Journals
Human Rights Quarterly; Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights; Human Rights Review; Human
Rights Journal; International Journal of Human Rights; Harvard Human Rights Journal; Human
Rights and Human Welfare; The American Journal of International Law; Australian Journal of
Human Rights; Northwestern Journal of Human Rights; Journal of Human Rights; Human Rights
Law Review; Health and Human Rights: an International Journal; Human Rights Brief; Yale
Human Rights and Development Law Journal
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W, Jan 21 Introductions
UN Declaration
US Bill of rights
( http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.billofrights.html
)
Recommended
Lauren, The Evolution of Human Rights , Chapter One (4-36)
Forsythe, Chapter One (3-28)
M, Jan 26 Enlightenment Liberalism & Civic and Political Rights I
Freedom of Religion and opinion (HR Reader 95-102)
Milton, “Areopagitica”
Locke “Letter Concerning Toleration”
Voltaire “Reflections on Religion”
The Right to Life (HR Reader 102-113)
Hobbes, the Leviathan
Cesare Beccaria Treatise on Crimes and Punishment
Habeas Corpus Act (HR Reader 484-486)
Voltaire, “On Torture” (Blackboard)
Robespierre, “ on the Death Penalty
” (Blackboard)
W, Jan 28 Enlightenment Liberalism & Civic and Political Rights II
The Right to Property (HR Reader 113-123)
Gerard Winstanley, “A Declaration from the Poor Oppressed of England”
John Locke, “on Property”
Rousseau, “On the Limits of Property”
Robespierre, “On Property Rights”
The Rights of Man
Paine,
Kant, from the Rights of Man (HR Reader 148-151)
Perpetual Peace and Metaphysics of Morals (HR Reader 153-162)
English Bill of Rights (HR Reader 486-488)
American Declaration of Independence (HR Reader 488-490)
French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (HR Reader 490-491)
UN International Covenant on Civic and Political Rights (HR Reader 507-513)
US Bill of Rights
( http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.billofrights.html
)
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M, Feb 2 Socialism and Economic and Social Rights
Marx, On the Jewish Question (HR Reader 263-271)***
Franklin D. Roosevelt, “The Four Freedoms” (HR Reader 479-481)
Proudhon, “What is property?” (HR Reader 208-215)
“Chartism: On the Petition for Voting Rights” (HR Reader 204-205)
Marx, “On Universal Suffrage” (HR Reader 205-206)
Marx (HR Reader 218-223)
“On Limitation of the Working Day”
“On Freedom of Association and Trade Unions”
“On Education for Both Sexes”
“On National Education”
“On Social and Economic Rights”
Marx, “Inaugural Address of the Working Men’s International Association” (HR
Reader, 255-257)
United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
(HR Reader 513-519)
Recommended
Engels, Anti-Duhring (HR Reader 198-204)
Kautsky, “On Political Reform and Socialism” (HR Reader 239-246)
Trotsky, “Their Morals and Ours” (HR Reader 246-251)
W, Feb 4 Human Rights For Whom?
Women?
Olympe de Gouge, “The Declaration of the Rights of Women” (HR Reader 175-181)
Mary Wollstonecraft, “The Rights of Women”
(HR Reader 181-188)
August Bebel, “Women and Socialism”
(HR Reader 272-277)
Clara Zetkin, “On Women’s Rights and Social Classes” (HR Reader 277-279)
Lenin, “On the Emancipation of Women” (HR Reader 279-280)
Barbarians and Slaves?
Olaudah Equiano, “On the Memoirs of an African Slave” (HR Reader 169-171)
Marx, “Letter to President Abraham Lincoln” (HR Reader 271-271)
Bartolomé de Las Casas, In Defense of Indians
(HR Reader, 165-168)
M, Feb 9 Anti-Colonialism and the Right to Self-Determination.
HR Reader 283-291
J. S. Mill, Considerations on Representative Government (HR Reader 291-297)
Rosa Luxemburg, The National Question and Autonomy (HR Reader 297-304)
Lenin, “The Right of Nations to Self-Determination” (HR Reader 304-308)
Woodrow Wilson, “The Fourteen Points” (HR Reader 308-310)
Covenant of the League of Nations (HR Reader 311-312)
Ho Chi Minh, “Declaration of Independence” (HR Reader 324-325)
Kwame Nkrumah, “Speech on Decolonization” (HR Reader 325-326)
Recommended
Lauren, The Evolution of Human Rights, Chapter Three
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W, Feb 11 The UN Charter and the Universal Declaration
Lauren, Chapters 6-7 (166-232)
Jacques Maritain, “The Grounds for an International Declaration of Human Rights”
(HR Reader 1-6)
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (HR Reader 493-497)
William Korey, “Genesis: NGOs and the UN Charter” in NGOs and the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, 29-50 (Blackboard)
M, Feb 16 Documentary: The Nuremberg Trials
Visit: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nuremberg/filmmore/fr.html
Visit Robert Jackson Center: http://www.roberthjackson.org/documents/Links/
Robert Jackson, “Nuremberg in Retrospect: Legal Answer to International
Lawlessness” American Bar Association Journal, Vol 35 (oct 1945) 813-816,
881-887 (Blackboard)
W, Feb 18 Economic and Social Rights vs. Civil and Political Rights
"Economic and Social Rights: Overview and Historical Background," in International Human Rights in Context (256-273) (Blackboard)
Henry Shue, Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence, and US Foreign Policy, 2 nd
Edition (Selections) (Blackboard)
Maurice Cranston “Human Rights, Real and Supposed,” in D. D. Raphael, ed.,
Political Theory and the Rights of Man (1967) (Blackboard)
Further Reading
Amartya Sen, “Development as Freedom” (HR Reader, 356-359)
M, Feb 23 Relativism vs. Universal Rights
Perry, Michael J., “Are Human Rights Universal? The Relativist Challenge and
Related Matters” Human Rights Quarterly 19.3 (1997) 461-509
Rorty, “Human Rights, Rationality, and Sentimentality” (HR Reader, 410-414)
William F. Schulz, In our own best interest, 1-37 (Blackboard)
W, Feb 25 Islam and Human Rights
R. Afshari, “An Essay on Islamic Cultural Relativism in the Discourse of Human
Rights,”
Human Rights Quarterly 16 (May 1994): 235-276.
Ibrahim Moosa, “The Dilemma of Islamic Rights Schemes” (Blackboard)
Abdullahi An-na'im, "Human Rights in the Muslim world: Socio-Political
Conditions and Scriptural Imperatives – A preliminary Inquiry" Harvard
Human Rights Journal 3 13-52 (1990) (Blackboard)
Further Reading
Ann Elizabeth Mayer, Islam and Human Rights: Tradition and Politics, 48-52,
163-187
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M, Mar 2 Intercivilizational Standards: Rights and/or Dignity
Chandra Muzaffar, “On Western Imperialism and Human Rights” (HR Reader 414-
418)
An-Na’im, “Toward a Cross-Cultural Approach to Defining International Standards:
The Meaning of Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment” in
Human Rights in Cross-Cultural Perspectives (19-39) (Blackboard)
Jack Donnolly,
“Human Rights and Human Dignity: An Analytic Critique of Non-
Western Human Rights Conceptions
”
APSR 76 , 2 (June 1982), 433-449.
(JSTOR)
Yasuaki, “In Quest of Intercivilizational Human Rights,” in Joanne R. Bauer and
Daniel A. Bell, eds., The East Asian Challenge for Human Rights, pp. 103-
123 (Blackboard)
Further Reading
Amartya Sen “Human Rights and Asian Values” (Blackboard)
Chandra Muzaffar, Human Rights and the New World Order (Penang: Just World
Trust, 1993), chapters 1-2 (pp. 1-17) (Blackboard)
Charles Taylor, “Conditions of an Unforced Consensus on Human Rights,” in Joanne
R. Bauer and Daniel A. Bell, eds., The East Asian Challenge for Human
Rights, pp. 124-44
W, Mar 4 Deconstructing Human Rights
Gayatri Spivak, “Righting Wrongs” (Blackboard)
Midterm Exam Due
Mar 6 – 15 Spring Break
M, Mar 16 International Instruments
Forsythe, Chapters 2 and 3 (29 – 88)
Human Development Report 2000 , 44-55
( http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2000_EN.pdf
)
Steven R. Ratner and Jason S. Abrams, Accountability for human rights atrocities in international law: Beyond the Nuremberg legacy ( New York: Oxford
University Press, 2001) (27-44, 80-107) (Blackboard)
Recommended
Lauren, Chapter 8 (233-270)
Stephen Marks, “The United Nations and Human Rights” (341-355) (Blackboard)
Oona Hathaway, “Do Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference?” Yale Law Journal
(2002), pp. 1935-2042
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W, Mar 18
Regional Instruments and Foreign Policy
Forsythe: Chapter 5 and 6 (121-187)
Dinah Shelton, “The Promise of Regional Human Rights Systems” in Human Rights in the World Community, 355-368 (Blackboard)
Further Reading
Textbook on International Human Rights , Chapters 6-9
M, Mar 23 Responding to Atrocities: Humanitarian Intervention
J. L. Holzgrefe, “The Humanitarian intervention debate” (15-52) (Blackboard)
Kelly Kate and David P. Forsythe. “Human Rights, Humanitarian Intervention, and
World Politics.” Human Rights Quarterly Vol. 15, 2 (1993): 290-314
(Blackboard)
Samantha Power, “Raising the Cost of Genocide” (HR Reader 456-461)
Michael Ignatieff, “The Burden” (HR Reader 461-463)
ICISS, The Responsibility to Protect: The Report of the International Commission on
Intervention and State Sovereignty (Synopsis, Foreword, pgs 1-18) http://www.iciss.ca/pdf/Commission-Report.pdf
Further Reading
J.L. Holzgrefe and Robert Keohane (eds). Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical,
Legal, and Political Dilemmas (2003)
Jonathan Moore, ed., Hard Choices: Moral Dilemmas in Humanitarian Intervention
W, Mar 25 Humanitarian Intervention: Hard Choices, Difficult Cases
Alberto Coll, “The Problems of Doing Good: Somalia as a Case Study in
Humanitarian Intervention” [Pew Case #518] (Blackboard)
John Ausink, “Watershed in Rwanda” [Pew Case # 374] (Blackboard)
Samantha Power.
“Bystanders to Genocide” Atlantic Monthly 2001. (Blackboard)
Alison Des Forges. “Learning from Disaster: U.S. Human Rights Policy in Rwanda.”
In Debra Liang-Fenton Implementing U.S. Human Rights Policy: Agendas,
Policies, and Practices, pp. 29-50. (Blackboard)
Jack Donnelly, “Genocide and Humanitarian Intervention,” Journal of Human
Rights, Vol 1, No 1 March 2002 (Blackboard)
Elizabeth Rubin, “If Not Peace, Then Justice” NY Times Magazine, April 2, 2006
(Blackboard)
Visit http://www.unitedhumanrights.org/sudan_genocide_genocide_in_sudan.php
for information about the genocide in Sudan
Further Reading
Wayne Sandholtz, “Humanitarian Intervention: Global Enforcement of Human
Rights?” In Alison Brysk (ed)
Globalization and human rights , 201-225.
Jack Donnolly, International Human Rights , Chapter Seven (on Yugoslavia)
Jon Western. “U.S. Policy and Human Rights in Bosnia : The Transformation of
Strategic Interests.” In Debra Liang-Fenton Implementing U.S. Human Rights
Policy: Agendas, Policies, and Practices
Nicholas Wheeler, Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International
Society
Films: “Forsaken Cries: The Story of Rwanda”; “Blackhawk Down”
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M, Mar 30 Universal Jurisdiction and International Criminal Courts
Forsythe, Chapter 4 (84-108)
Eric K. Leonard, “ Establishing an International Criminal Court: The Emergence of a New Global Authority?
” [Pew Case #258].
(Blackboard)
Ratner and Abrahms, Accountability for Human Rights Atrocities in International
Law (190-201, 201-206) (Blackboard)
(skim) American Journal of International Law . Accounts of war crime trials in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda (Blackboard):
- Michael Scharf. Prosecutor v. Tadic, AJIL 91-4 (October 1990: 718-721)
- Virginia Norris, Prosecutor v. Kauyabashy, AJIL 92-1 (Jan 1998: 66-70)
Chandra Lekha Sriram, Globalizing Justice for Mass Atrocities , 13-34 (Blackboard)
Dempsey, “Not-So-Supreme Court”
( http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-dempsey040902.asp
)
Kissinger, “The Pitfalls of Universal Jurisdiction”
( http://www.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/general/2001/07kiss.htm
)
Roth, “The Case for Universal Jurisdiction”
( http://www.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/general/2001/roth08.htm
)
Further Reading
Gary Jonathan Bass, Stay the Hand of Vengeance: The Politics of War Crimes
Tribunals (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000).
Judith Shklar. Legalism: Law, Morals and Political Trials , 155-190
Yves Beigbeder, Judging war criminals: the politics of international justice.
W, Apr 1 Responding to Atrocities: Truth commissions
Priscilla Hayner, Unspeakable Truths: Confronting State Terror and Atrocity , 1-49
(Blackboard)
David Goodman, “Why Killers Should Go Free” Washington Quarterly (Spring
1999): 169-181 (Blackboard)
Further Reading
Priscilla Hayner 1994. “Fifteen Truth Commissions--1974-1994: A Comparative
Study.”
Human Rights Quarterly , 16:597-655.
Martha Minow, Between Vengeance and Forgiveness
Aryeh Neier, War Crimes: Brutality, Genocide, Terror, and the Struggle for Justice
Wilson, Richard. 2001. The Politics of Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa:
Legitimizing the Post Apartheid State.
Film: “Facing the Truth” (about S. Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation experiment)
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M, Apr 6 Torture Debates
HR Reader (447-456)
Darius Rejali, Torture and Democracy, pp. 45-63, 261-267, 279-333 (skim), 446-
479, 500-512, 523-526, 553-556 (Blackboard)
Oona Hathaway, “The Promise and Limits of the International Law of Torture,” in
Sanford Levinson, ed., Torture: A Collection (New York: Oxford University
Press, 2004), pp. 199-212 (Blackboard)
UN Convention against Torture ( http://www.hrweb.org/legal/cat.html
)
Further Reading
Mark Danner, Torture and Truth
Sanford Levinson, ed., Torture: A Collection Torture: A Collection (New York:
Oxford University Press, 2004)
Darius Rejali, “Six Questions for Darius Rejali, Author of ‘Torture and Democracy’”
Harpers Magazine
Darius Rejali, “Torture’s Dark Allure” Salon
W, Apr 8 Guantanamo Bay
Collection of memos, commentary, and briefs (Blackboard)
Geneva Convention (HR Reader 497-500)
<< http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/91.htm
>>
Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War
(Gen. IV) << http:/www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/92.htm
>>
Policy Brief due
M, Apr 13 Stateless Peoples and the Right to Have Rights
Hannah Arendt, “On the Rights of the Stateless (HR Reader 373-376)
Giorgio Agamben, “Beyond Human Rights” in Radical Though in Italy , 159-166
(Blackboard)
Kristin Hill Maher, “Who Has a Right to Rights” in Globalization and human rights ,
19-43 (Blackboard)
Boswell, Christina 2000: “
Doing Justice to Refugees : Challenges and Limits of the
Current Debate ”, International Journal of Human Rights, 4 (2), pp 79-88
(Blackboard)
Human Rights & Refugees Fact Sheet: http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu6/2/fs20.htm
Study Guide: The Rights of Refugees http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/edumat/studyguides/refugees.htm
UNHCR basics: http://www.unhcr.org/basics/BASICS/452611862.pdf
Visit UNHCR page: http://www.unhcr.org
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W, Apr 15 The Role of Civil Society
Forsythe: Chapter 7 (188-217)
Keck and Sikkink, “Human Rights Advocacy Networks in Latin America” in
Activists Beyond Borders, 79-120 (Blackboard)
Claude Welch, “Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch: A Comparison” in
NGOs and Human Rights: Promise and Performance, 85-118 (Blackboard)
Further Reading
Richard Pierre Claude, “What Do Human Rights NGOs Do?” 424-433 (Blackboard)
Ann Marie Clark, Diplomacy of Conscience: Amnesty International and Changing
Human Rights Norms
Claude E. Welch, ed., NGOs and Human Rights: Promise and Performance
William Korey, NGOs and the Universal Declaration of Human Right
Arthur J. Klinghoffer and Judith A. Klinghoffer,
International Citizen’s Tribunals
M, Apr 20 The Environment and Cultural Rights
HR Reader 360-372
Luis Rodriguez-Rivera, “Is the Human Right to Environment Recognized Under
International Law” (261-274) (Blackboard)
Additional Reading TBA
NGO Assignment Due
W, Apr 22 Transnational Corporations and Human Rights
Forsythe, chapter 8 (218-250)
William F. Schulz, In Our Own Best Interest, 66-104 (Blackboard)
Karl Schoenberger,
Levi’s Children
: coming to terms with human rights in the global marketplace, Chapter 5 (133-154) (Blackboard)
See Global Compact http://www.unglobalcompact.org/AboutTheGC/index.html
Further Reading
Morton Winston, NGO Strategies for Promoting Corporate Social Responsibility,
Ethics & International Affairs , Volume 16.1 (Spring 2002), 71-87
M, Apr 27 Globalization and the Future of Human Rights I
Lauren, Chapters 9
Forsythe, Chapter 9
Richard Falk, Human Rights Horizons: The Pursuit of Justice in a Globalizing World
(Selections) (Blackboard)
W, Apr 29 Last Class. Catch up. Wrap up.
Paper copy of final paper due in my box on Friday, May 15, noon.
(Seniors: Paper due on Friday, May 9, 5:00 p.m.)
10

Some Additional Human Rights Reading
Jack Donnelly, Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice (Second Edition)
Henry Shue, Basic Rights
Joel Feinberg, "The Nature and Value of Rights," in Patrick Hayden (ed.), The Philosophy of
Human Rights .
James Nickel, Making Sense of Human Rights
(http://www.law.asu.edu/HomePages/Nickel/msohr%20welcome.htm)
Martha Nussbaum, "Capabilities and Human Rights," in Patrick Hayden (ed.), The Philosophy of
Human Rights .
Steven Lukes, "Five Fables about Human Rights," in Stephen Shute and Susan Hurley (eds.), On
Human Rights: The Oxford Amnesty Lectures (Ishay reader).
Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, "Some Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial
Reasoning," Yale Law Journal 23 (November 1913): 16-59.
Ronald Dworkin, "Taking Rights Seriously," in Taking Rights Seriously.
Peter Jones, Rights.
Brian Orend, Human Rights: Concept and Context
Tara Smith, Moral Rights and Political Freedom
Stanley I. Benn, "Rights," The Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1967).
Thomas Pogge, "How Should Human Rights Be Conceived?" in Patrick Hayden (ed.), The
Philosophy of Human Rights .
Michael Freeman, "The Philosophical Foundations of Human Rights," Human Rights Quarterly 16
(August 1994): 491-514.
H. L. A. Hart, "Are There Any Natural Rights?," in Hayden.
Alan Gewirth, "The Basis and Content of Human Rights," in Gewirth, Human Rights: Essays on
Justification and Application.
Jerome J. Shestack, "The Philosophical Foundations of Human Rights," Human Rights Quarterly 20
(May 1998): 200-234.
Maurice Cranston, What are Human Rights?.
R. J. Vincent, Human Rights and International Relations
Michael J. Perry, The Idea of Human Rights: Four Inquiries
Christian Bay, "Self-respect as a Human Right: Thoughts on the Dialectics of Wants and Needs in the Struggle for Human Community," Human Rights Quarterly 4 (Feb 1982): 53-75.
Hugo Adam Bedau, "Human Rights and Foreign Assistance Programs," in Peter G. Brown and
Douglas Maclean, Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Policy.
Morton E. Winston (ed.), The Philosophy of Human Rights
Ricahrd Falk, Human Rights Horizons
Shelley Wright, International Human Rights, Decolonization and Globalization
Ian Shapiro, The Evolution of Rights in Liberal Theory.
Tim Dunne and Nicholas J. Wheeler, Human Rights in Global Politics
William Korey, NGO's and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights : "A Curious Grapevine"
Micheline R. Ishay. The history of human rights : from ancient times to the globalization era
(Berkeley: U of CA Press, 2004) (selections)
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