University of Jordan
Dept. of Biological Sciences
General Biology (304102), 3 Credit Hrs.
Academic Year 2006-2007
Text book: Biology 7th ed. (2005); Campbell, N.A., Reece, J.B.
SYLLABUS
Lect. #
1
2-6
7-9
Chapt.
#
42
44
Chapter Topic
INTRODUCTION AND
ORIENTATION
CIRCULATION AND GAS EXCHANGE
42.1 Circulatory Systems: Open and Closed Circulatory Systems
Single and double Circulations
42.2 Double Circulation in Mammals: -------------------------------. The Mammalian Heart: A closer look----------------------------. Maintaining the Heart’s Rhythmic Beat--------------------------42.3 Physical Principles of Blood Circulation ---------------------. Blood Vessels Structure and Function ---------------------------. Blood Flow Velocity -----------------------------------------------. Blood Pressure -----------------------------------------------------. Capillary Function --------------------------------------------------. Fluid Return by the lymphatic system ---------------------------42.4 Blood is a Connective Tissue with Cells Suspended in -----Plasma
. Blood Composition and Function
. Plasma----------------------------------------------------------------. Cellular Elements --------------------------------------------------. Stem Cells and Replacement of Cellular Elements -----------. Blood Clotting -----------------------------------------------------. Cardiovascular Diseases----------- -------------------------------42.5 GAS EXCHANGE ACROSS RESPIRATORY ---------SURFACES
. Mammalian Respiratory Systems--------------------------------42.6 Breathing Ventilates the Lungs--------------------------------. How a Mammal Breathes--------------------------------------. Control of Breathing in Human ----------------------------------42.7 Respiratory Pigments and Transport of Gases -------------. The Role of Partial Pressure Gradient ---------------------------. Respiratory Pigments ---------------------------------------------. Oxygen Transport---------------------------------------------------. Carbon Dioxide Transport-----------------------------------------Osmoregulation and Excretion
44.1 Osmoregulation Balances the Uptake and Loss of Water and Solutes
44.2 Animal’s Nitrogenous Wastes------------------------------------44.3 Excretory Systems and Excretory Processes ---------------. Vertebrate Kidneys --------------------------------------------------44.4 Nephrons and Associated Blood Vessels are the
FunctionalUnits of the Mammalian Kidney----------------. Structure and Function of the Nephron -------------------------. From Blood Filtrate to Urine---------------------------------------
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44.5 Solute Gradients and Water Conservation ------------------. Regulation of Kidney Function -----------------------------------NERVOUS
SYSTEMS
48.1 Nervous Systems Consist of Neurons and Supporting Cells
. Information Processing -------------------------------------------. Neuron Structure --------------------------------------------------. Supporting Cells----------------------------------------------------48.2 Ion Pumps and Ion Channels Maintain Resting Potential . The Resting Membrane Potential-------------------------------. Gated Ion Channels -----------------------------------------------48.3 Action Potentials are the Signals Conducted by Axons -. Production of Action Potentials---------------------------------. Conduction of Action Potential ---------------------------------48.4 Neurons Communicate with Other Cells at Synapses ---. Direct Synaptic Transmission ---------------------------------. Summation of Postsynaptic Potentials -----------------------. Indirect Synaptic Transmission ------------------ -------------. Neurotransmitters ------------------------------------------------48.5 VERTEBRATE NERVOUS SYSTEMS------------------. Peripheral Nervous System--------------------------------------. Central Nervous System – Brain ------------------------------. The Brainstem ----------------------------------------------------. The Cerebellum---------------------------------------------------. The Diencephalon -----------------------------------------------. The Cerebrum------------------------------------------------------
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SENSORY AND MOTOR MECHANISMS
Sensing and Acting -----------------------------------------------Sensory Receptors Transduce Stimulus Energy ------------Functions Performed by Sensory Receptors --------------------Types of Sensory Receptors --------------------------------------Muscles Move Skeletal Parts by Contracting --------------Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle ---------------------------------------The Sliding Filament Model of Muscle Contraction ----------The Role of Calcium and regulatory proteins -----------------Neural Control of Muscle Tension -------------------------------Types of muscle Fibers --------------------------------------------Other Types of Muscle ---------------------------------------------
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49.1
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ANIMAL REPRODUCTION-----------------------------------46.1 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction ----------------------------. Mechanisms of Asexual Reproduction-------------------------. Reproductive Cycles and Patterns -------------------------------46.3 Reproductive Organs Produce and Transport Gametes:
Focus on Humans-----------------------------------------------. Female Reproductive Anatomy --------------------------------. Male Reproductive Anatomy -----------------------------------46.4 In Human and Other Mammals, A Complex Interplay of
Hormones Regulate Gametogenesis --------------------------. The Reproductive Cycle in Female -----------------------------. Hormonal Control of the Male Reproductive System --------46.5 In Human and Other Placental Mammals, an Embryo
Grows into a Newborn in the Mother's Uterus
. Conception, Embryonic Development and Birth
. Contraception and Abortion
. Modern Reproductive Technology
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TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
36.1 Physical Forces Drive the Transport of Materials in Plants
Over a Range of Distances --------------------------------------. Selective Permeability of Membranes ---------------------------. The Central Role of Proton Pumps ------------------------------. Effect of Differences in Water Potential ------------------------. Three Major Compartments of Vacuolated Plant Cells -------. Functions of Symplast and Apoplast in Transport -------------. Bulk Flow in Long – Distance Transport -----------------------36.2 Roots Absorb Water and Minerals From the Soil
. The Role of Root Hairs, Mycorrhizae and Cortical Cells -----. The Endodermis: A Selective Entry------------------------------36.3 Water and Minerals Ascend From Roots to Shoots though
the Xylem ----------------------------------------------------------. Factors Affecting the Ascent of Xylem Sap------------ -------. Xylem Sap Ascends by Bulk Flow------------------------------36.4 Stomata Regulate the Rate of Transpiration ---------------. Effect of Transpiration on Wilting and Leaf Temperature ---. Stomata: Major Pathways for Water Loss ---------------------36.5 Organic Nutrients are Translocated Through the Phloem
. Movement From Sugar Sources to Sugar Sinks --------------. Pressure Flow: Mechanism of Translocation in Angiosperms
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ANGIOSPERM REPRODUCTION & BIOTECHNOLOGY
38.1 Pollination Enables Gametes to Come Together Within a
Flower ---------------------------------------------------------------. Flower Structure ----------------------------------------------------. Gametophytes Development and Pollination ------------------. Mechanisms That Prevents Self - Fertilization ---------------38.2 After Fertilization, Ovules Develop into Seeds and
Ovaries into Fruit.
. Double Fertilization ---------------------------------------------. From Ovule to Seed ---------------------------------------------. From Ovary to Fruit ----------------------------------------------
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. Seed Germination ----------------------------------------------38.3 Many Flowering Plants Clone themselves by Asexual
Reproduction -----------------------------------------------------. Mechanisms of Asexual Reproduction ------------------------. Vegetative Propagation and Agriculture ----------------------38.4 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY------------------------------PLANT RESPONSES TO INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL
SIGNALS --------------------------------------------------------------39.1 Signal Transduction Pathways Link Signal Reception to
Response ----------------------------------------------------------. Reception, Transduction and Response ------------------------39.2 Plant Hormones Coordinate Growth, Development ….etc
. The Discovery of Plant Hormones ------------------------------. A Survey of Plant Hormones -----------------------------------. Auxin,Cytokinin, Gibberellins, Abscisic Acid and Ethylene
39.3 Responses to Light are Critical For Plant Success --------. Biological Clocks and Circadian Rhythms ----------------------. Response to Gravity -------------------------------------------------. Response to Mechanical Stimuli-----------------------------------PROKARYOTES
27.1 Structural, Functional and Genetic Adaptations -----------. Cell Surface Structures -------------------------------------------. Motility --------------------------------------------------------------. Internal and Genomic Organization -----------------------------. Reproduction and Adaptation -------------------------------------27.2 Nutritional Diversity and Metabolic Adaptations ----------. Metabolic Relation to Oxygen
. Nitrogen Metabolism and Metabolic Cooperation-------------27.3 Molecular Systematics and Prokaryotic Phylogeny -------. Lessons From Molecular Systematics ---------------------------. Bacteria and Archea -----------------------------------------------27.4 Prokaryotes and Biosphere -------------------------------------. Chemical Cycling -------------------------------------------------. Symbiotic Relationships ------------------------------------------27.5 Prokaryotes Have Both Harmful and Beneficial Impacts
. Pathogenic Prokaryotes ------------------------ ---------------. Prokaryotes in Research and Technology ------------------------
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PROTISTS
Protists are a Diverse Assortment of Eukaryotes
Endosymbiosis in Eukaryotic Evolution ----------------------Diplomonads and Parabasalids --------------------------------Euglenozoans have Flagella with a Unique Internal -------Structure -----------------------------------------------------------28.4 Alveolates have Sacs Beneath the Plasma Membrane
. Dinoflagellates,Apicomplexans and Ciliates.
28.5 Stramenopiles have Hairy and Smooth Flagella ------------. Oomycetes ( Water Molds and Their Relatives ) --------------. Diatomes, Golden Algae, Brown Algae, Human Uses of
Seaweeds, and Alternation of Generations ----------------------
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28.5 Cercozoan and Radiolarians have Thread like -------------28.6 Pseudopodia
. Foraminiferans ( Forams ), and Radiolarians -------------------28.7 Amoebozoans have Lobe-Shaped Pseudopodia -------------. Entamoebas, and Slime Molds -----------------------------------28.8 Red Algae and Green Algae ------------------------------------. Red Algae, and Green Algae --------------------------------------FUNGI---------------------------------------------------------------31.1 Fungi are Heterotrophs that Feed By Absorption ----------. Nutrition and Fungal Life Style ---------------------------------. Body Structure -----------------------------------------------------31.2 Fungi Produce Spores Through Sexual / Asexual Cycles
. Sexual Reproduction ---------------------------------------------. Asexual Reproduction --------------------------------------------31.4 Fungi have Radiated into a Diverse Set of Lineages -----. Phylum Chytridiomycota ------------------------------------------. Phylum Zygomycota -----------------------------------------------. Phylum Ascomycota -----------------------------------------------. Phylum Basidiomycota --------------------------------------------31.5 Fungi have a Powerful Impact on Ecosystem and Human
. Decomposers, Symbionts, Pathogens and Practical Uses of
Fungi -----------------------------------------PLANT
DIVERSITY I: HOW PLANTS
COLONIZED LAND ----------------------------------------------29.1 Land Plants Evolved from Green Algae ----------------------. Morphological and Biochemical Evidences --------------------. Genetic Evidences --------------------------------------------------. Adaptations Enabling the Move to Land -------------------------
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29.3 The Life Cycles of Mosses and Other Bryophytes are -----Dominated by the Gametophyte Stage
. Bryophyte Gametophyte -----------------------------------------.
Bryophyte Sporophytes -----------------------------------------29.4 Ferns and Other Seedless Vascular Plants
. Origins and Traits of Vascular Plants -------------------------. Homosporous and Heterosporous spore production-----. Classification of Seedless Vascular Plants -------------------. Phylum Lycophyta: Club Mosses, Spike Mosses and
Quillworts -------------------------. Phylum Pterophyta: Ferns, Horsetails and Whisk Ferns
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PLANT DIVERSITY II:EVOLUTION OF SEED PLANTS
30.1 Reduced Gametophytes are Protected in Ovules and
Pollen Grains
. Advantasges of Reduced Gametophytes -------------------------. Heterospory: The Rule Among Seed Plants ---------------------. Ovules and Production of Eggs -----------------------------------. Pollen and Production of Sperms ----------------------------------30.2 Gymnosperms Bear " Naked " Seeds --------------------------. Gymnosperm Evolution ---------------------------------------------. The Life Cycle of Pine-----------------------------------------------
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30.3 The Reproductive Adaptations of Angiosperms Include --Flowers and Fruits
. Characteristics of Angiosperms: Flowers and Fruits ----------. The Angiosperm Life Cycle ---------------------------------------30.4 HUMAN WELFARE Depends Greatly on Seed Plants ----. Products from Seed Plants ----------------------------------------. Threats to Plant Diversity -------------------------------------
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INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL EVOLUTION ----------------32.1 Animals are Multicellular, Heterotroph Eukaryotes ------. Nutritional Mode, Cell Structure, Reproduction and Life
Development ---32.3 Animals can be Characterized by " Body Plans " ---------. Symmetry, Tissues and Body Cavities ---------------------------. Protostomes and Deuterostomes Development -----------------32.4 . Leading Hypothesis Agree on Major Feature of Animal
Phylogenetic Tree: Points of Agreement -----------------------. Disagreements over the Bilaterians -------------------------------- INVERTEBRATES --------------------------------------------------33.1 Sponges are sessile and have a porous body and
choanocytes ----------------------------------------------------33.2 Cnidarians have radial symmetry, a gastrovascular-------cavity and cnidocytes--------------------------------------------Hydrozoan---------------------------------------------------------33.3 Most animals have bilateral Symmetry Flatworms,
Turbellarian------------------------------------------. Monogeneans,Trematoda Tapeworms---------------------------33.4 Molluscs have a muscular foot, a visceral mass, and a
mantle. The basic body plan----------------------------------33.5 Annelids are Segmented worms. Anatomy of an
Earthwor:-------------------------------------------33.6 Nematodes are nonsegmented Pseudocoelomates covered
by a tough cuticle --------------------------33.7 Arthropods are Segmented Coelomates that have an
exoskeleton and jointed appendages. General
Characteristics of Arthropods ------------------------Insects
33.8 Echinoderms and Chordates are Deuterostomes. Anatomy
of Sea Star-----------------------------------------------------------. Phylum Echinodermata----------------------------------------. Class Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea-
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VERTEBRATES
34.1 Chordates have a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve
Cord---------------------------------------------------------------. Derived Characters of Chordates---------------------------34.2 Craniates are Chordates that have a Head--------------------. Derived Characters of Craniates-------------------------------34.3 Vertebrates are Craniates that have a Backbone-----------34.4 Gnathostomes are Vertebrates that have Jaws-Derived
. Characters of Gnathostomes------------------------------------. Chondrichthyans ----------------------------------------------------. Actinopterygii, Actinistia and Dipnoi ----------------------------34.5 Tetrapods are Gnathostomates That Have Limbs and Feet
. Characters of Tetrapods -------------------------------------------. Class Amphibia-------------------------------------------------------34.6 Amniotes are Tetrapods That Have Terrestrially --------Adapted Eggs -------------------------------------------------------. Characters of Amniotes --------------------------------------------. Reptiles and Birds---------------------------------------------------34.7 Mammala are Amniotes That Have Hair and Produce ---Milk ------------------------------------------------------------------34.8 Humans are Bipedal Hominoids with a Large Brain -----AN INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY& BIOSPHERE:
50.1 The Scope of ecology----------------------------------------------. Organisms and the Environment ---------------------------------50.2 Interactions Between Organisms and the Environment --Limit the Distribution of Species ------------------------------. Biotic factors -------------------------------------------------------. Abiotic factors ------------------------------------------------------. Climate ----------------------------------------------------------------50.3 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Influence the Structure and --Dynamics of Aquatic Biomes -----------------------------------50.4 Climates Largely Determines the Distribution and -------Structure of Terrestrial Biomes --------------------------------
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GRADING POLICY:
First Hr. Exam.:
Mid Term. Exam.:
Final Exam.:
20
30
50
Marks
Marks
Marks