CNIB Vision
Spring 2008
CNIB strives to be the leader in promoting vision health and
enhancing independence for people with vision loss.
Highlights
•
•
•
•
Accessibility for all on Toronto’s transit
Charles Bonnet Syndrome 101
Initiative for Equitable Library Access (IELA)
Research news
Accessibility for all on Toronto's transit
The words “Eglinton Avenue, south side stop” may not be music to
everyone’s ears, but to Toronto lawyer David Lepofsky, they’re the refrain of
a victory march.
After a ten-year legal battle with the TTC, Lepofsky, who is blind, won a
2005 human rights ruling ordering the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) to
announce all subway stops.
Two years later, in July 2007, a second human rights tribunal ordered the
TTC to announce all stops on bus and streetcar routes. The tribunal,
presided at by Justice Alvin Rosenberg (who also adjudicated the first
tribunal), gave the TTC 30 days to start calling bus and streetcar stops and
enforce the new policy.
“I had been using TTC for years, and it struck me as ridiculous that there
were no stop announcements on Toronto’s subway,” says Lepofsky. “When I
lived in Boston for a year in the early 1980s, I noticed that their subway
drivers announced all route stops, and had wondered since then why TTC
didn’t do the same thing.
In fact, several other transit systems around the world had similar
announcements.”
In addition to the second ruling, the TTC was also ordered by the tribunal to
undertake “extensive human rights training,” says Lepofsky, and to hold a
public forum on accessibility for its patrons with disabilities “in order to learn
what they’re not doing right.”
Lepofsky, who practices law full-time, says the subway issue was his first
focus of attention, but after he moved to a house that required him to take a
bus, the bus stop announcements became increasingly important to him. “I
rarely rode buses, but then I got married and moved to a house on a bus
route,” he explains. “That led me to pursue the bus case. I had raised it
earlier, but it became more important to me.”
“This whole case became important to me for a couple of reasons. It was an
obvious one for people with vision loss, because we don’t drive. But the
TTC’s recalcitrance [in consistently and reliably announcing all route stops]
became a symbol of the obstacles faced by people with disabilities,” he says.
Adding that this was “my hobby, not my job,” Lepofsky says that he spent
“hundreds of hours” of his own time on the case, plus 11 days in hearings
for the first case and six in the second. “There were hours of preparation,”
he recalls.
“But I was fortunate in two ways,” he says. “First, I happen to be a lawyer
and have a skill set I can use. Second, I was able to get two law firms to
assist me – one with the subway case and one with the bus/streetcar case:
Mary Cornish, with Cavalluzzo Hayes Shilton McIntyre & Cornish, and Clifford
Lax and his assistant Amy Salyzyn, from Lax, O’Sullivan and Scott.
He also had the assistance of a CNIB orientation and mobility specialist as an
expert witness.
“CNIB believes that all transit station stops should be announced,” says
Lesley MacDonald, National Coordinator, Accessible Design Services, CNIB.
“By announcing all stops, transit authorities provide all transit users,
including people with vision loss, with the independence to make their own
choices.”
Previous to the ruling, TTC only required its bus and streetcar drivers to
announce major intersections and passenger-requested stops, which they
didn’t do consistently and reliably. Riders with vision loss had to ask the
driver to announce their stop, and then sit near them to ensure that the stop
was called. This could be a huge challenge when entering a crowded
streetcar by the rear doors, for example.
On subways, stops were sometimes announced, sometimes not, meaning
riders with vision loss were required to ask other passengers to indicate the
station stops for them.
Lepofsky’s work has changed all that.
“The rulings give riders with vision loss the ability to sit where they like on
the bus, the freedom to learn the route as they go, the ability to relax or
read on the bus, the independence to change their minds and get off at a
different stop, and the ability to arrive at their destination on time – all of
the rights other transit riders enjoy,” emphasizes MacDonald.
Accessibility has benefits for riders without vision loss as well, says Lepofsky,
noting that sighted passengers can now relax and travel an unfamiliar route
without having to peer out bus windows to watch for street signs, or struggle
to see their destination through darkness or bad weather.
“Access helps everyone,” he insists. “It’s not just ‘people with disabilities
versus others.’ It helps make TTC more user-friendly for tourists, for
example.”
Lepofsky adds that he’s had very positive responses to his victories. “I’ve
been very touched by the feedback from the public,” he says. “The case has
gotten coverage across Canada and even in Israel. On a recent trip I was
approached on a street in Tel Aviv. People simply can’t believe it’s a fight,”
he adds laughing.
Best of all, “a TTC driver congratulated me recently; I was delighted,” he
chuckles.
“There are lots of barriers like this that we face,” he concludes. “Some aren’t
as easy to remove as this one.”
Don't put your sunglasses away!
Your eyes need protection from the sun all year round – the same as the
rest of your body. The two main risks are damage from the sun’s UV rays,
and discomfort caused by glare.
A glaring problem
Glare is nearly always present during daylight hours, whether the sun is
shining or not. Bright reflections off shiny surfaces like snow, vehicles or
buildings can cause irritation and discomfort as your pupils contract, your
eyelids narrow and the muscles around your eyes constrict as you squint to
see properly.
Besides being painful, glare can also be a dangerous distraction during
driving or sporting activities.
Reflect on this
A far more serious problem, however, are the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays. In
the short term, exposure can actually cause a sunburn on the surface of
your eyeball.
Long-term exposure increases your risk of developing two more serious
conditions: cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Try before you buy
A pair of good-quality sunglasses will help protect your eyes from UV
damage and fatigue. Look for a manufacturer’s label indicating that the
glasses offer 99 to 100 per cent UV A and B protection. If you’re unsure, ask
the sales assistant or your eye care professional for guidance.
Sunglasses should be dark enough to reduce glare, but not dark enough to
distort colours or interfere with your ability to recognize things like traffic
signals. Tint (ie. blue, green or brown) is mainly a matter of personal
preference.
The bigger the better
Lenses should be large enough to block light entering from the sides. Those
little John Lennon specs may look cool on your favourite movie star, but
don’t offer much protection for your eyes. Sports models that wrap all the
way around the temples are ideal. When in doubt, a hat with a wide brim
can help block sunlight that comes in from overhead.
Don’t forget the kids
Just as you wouldn’t send the kids out in the sun without sunscreen, children
should also wear sunglasses to protect their eyes. These should be real, not
toy, sunglasses with 99 to 100 per cent UV protection, just as with adult
sunglasses. To reduce the risk of breakage, look for polycarbonate lenses,
which are more shatter-resistant than regular lenses.
Newsflash
Microsoft and the DAISY Consortium have developed a free,
downloadable plug-in that translates documents into DAISY XML files. Files
can then be processed to produce digital audio and other formats used by
people with vision loss or print disabilities. For more information, visit
www.daisy.org.
The CNIB Library announces an exciting new section for users of the CNIB
Digital Library. “Discovery Guide: 60 Plus” offers quick and easy access to
news, an online book club, Health Source and other reference tools, as well
as help for new users.
For more information, call 1-800-268-8818 or email
digital.library@cnib.ca.
Consumer Product Spotlight
Keep yourself organized and on time with this revolutionary handheld,
battery-powered PDA featuring just three simple buttons – your voice does
the rest.
TapMemo’s features include memo pad, phone book, calendar, alarm clock,
time and date, and a unit locator function that “shouts” when you whistle for
it. Locking command allows you to guard against unwanted use and protect
your personal data. Phone dialer function lets you dial a phone number
simply by placing the TapMemo near a phone handset.
Works right out of the box – no “voice training” required.
Unit asks “What did you say?” if commands are unclear.
Comes with stereo earphones, charger, belt clip and user manual on audio
CD.
To learn more about this product and others, call toll-free 1-866-6591843, email store@cnib.ca or visit www.cnib.ca.
Newsflash
CRTC approves The Accessible Channel
The CRTC recently approved The Accessible Channel, a national, Englishlanguage digital specialty service that will feature described as well as
closed-captioned programming for viewers with vision or hearing loss. Visit
www.voiceprintcanada.com for more information.
Toronto college offers Intervenor courses
George Brown College in Toronto now offers a two-year Intervenor for
Deafblind Persons program. The first and largest of its kind in Canada, it
was developed in partnership with service providers and deafblind
consumers’ associations. Visit www.georgebrown.ca for more information.
Charles Bonnet Syndrome 101
“Yesterday upon the stair, I met a man who wasn’t there. He wasn’t
there again today – Oh, how I wish he’d go away!”
— William Hughes Mearns
Charles Bonnet syndrome, or CBS, is a rare phenomenon named after the
Swiss naturalist Charles Bonnet, who in 1760 described a condition in which
otherwise mentally healthy people experienced vivid, complex visual
hallucinations.
Bonnet first documented these hallucinations in his 87-year-old grandfather,
who was nearly blind from cataracts in both eyes but still “saw” people,
birds, carriages, buildings, tapestries and scaffolding patterns, among other
illusions.
Most people with Charles Bonnet Syndrome already have some significant
vision loss due to age, or from damage to the eyes or optic pathways.
Central vision loss due to conditions such as age-related macular
degeneration (AMD), combined with peripheral vision loss from glaucoma,
may predispose someone to CBS.
“Up to 30 per cent of people undergoing vision rehabilitation have CBS,”
says Mary Lou Jackson, an ophthalmologist specializing in vision
rehabilitation, and director of the vision rehabilitation service at Harvard's
Medical School.
One key characteristic of these hallucinations is that generally the pictures
are quite pleasant – although the experience itself can be frightening.
Often people with CBS keep quiet about their symptoms for fear that others
will think they have a mental illness or dementia.
“People tend not to talk about it, and doctors don’t ask about it,” says
Jackson. “This is changing, though.”
There are many ways to cope with the hallucinations caused by CBS. “People
tend to have them when they’re drowsy,” says Jackson, “so we recommend
having more stimulation, such as a brighter light.”
It’s important not to self-diagnose, she adds, as there are other more
serious conditions that can also cause hallucinations.
Speak with your family doctor or eye care professional if you are having
difficulties with hallucinations or other problems with your vision.
Spotlight
From babysitting six-year-old triplets to finding fun ways to fundraise, 13year-old Meaghan Walker makes helping others a part of her life.
This past year, Meaghan raised $450 for CNIB by selling lemonade in the
summer and handmade holiday cards at her school.
“I had heard about CNIB but it wasn’t until I met Olivia that I was inspired to
help,” says Meaghan. Olivia, one of the triplets she babysits regularly, has
vision loss.
Along with fundraising for CNIB, Meaghan also made a movie over the
summer showcasing Olivia. “Even though Olivia cannot see, she continues to
be independent. I wanted to help everyone with vision loss be as
independent as she is.”
Meaghan and Olivia’s family were guests of honour at CNIB’s annual Tree of
Independence lighting ceremony.
For more information on how you can help, visit www.cnib.ca.
Research in Brief
Verdana font top choice among people with certain eye conditions
In 2006, CNIB launched Clear Print, a set of standards for making print
materials more accessible for people with vision loss. They were based on
the best evidence available at the time, including a CNIB study of typeface
fonts, conducted with people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Since then, two more research studies investigated fonts preferred by people
with glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy.
“With the aging population, and as these eye conditions become more
common, more and more people will find it difficult to read everyday items
like newspapers, menus and prescriptions,” says Deborah Gold, associate
director of CNIB Research.
The study looked at a number of commonly used fonts. Verdana, an
MSWindows font, came out as the most accessible and is recommended for
use whenever possible. Lucinda and Arial were also good. Times Roman was
the least preferred and should be avoided.
Visit www.cnib.ca to view and download a copy of Clear Print.
Advocacy Highlights
Canadians who are living with vision loss or a print disability may soon have
fuller, faster access to library collections across the country, thanks to a
unique initiative by Library and Archives Canada.
A recent funding boost of $3 million from Heritage Canada will support the
Initiative for Equitable Library Access (IELA), which aims to assist Canadians
who are unable to read standard printed material.
The Honourable Josée Verner, Minister of Canadian Heritage, Status of
Women and Official Languages, recently announced the funding, noting that
the initiative “will encourage the full participation of all Canadians in today's
highly competitive knowledge economy.”
The IELA project will be carried out in partnership with Canadian libraries,
people with print disabilities, publishers, producers of alternative-format
materials and other stakeholders, including CNIB and the education sector.
"Canada's library community has asked us to take the lead to ensure that all
Canadians have consistent library access to information – wherever they live
and whatever their means," said Ian Wilson, Librarian and Archivist of
Canada.
"(This) initiative will allow many more Canadians to take advantage of
information resources by providing it in a format they can use."
Currently, less than five per cent of published materials in Canada are
available in alternative formats.
Visit www.canadianheritage.gc.ca for more information.
Newsflash
Walter Gretzky was named to the Order of Canada in December 2007, for
both his contributions to minor hockey in Canada and his dedication to
helping local, provincial and national charities, particularly CNIB. The
Gretzky family takes personal interest in the CNIB Scholarship Program and
CNIB's SCORE Summer Program for youth with vision loss. Walter attends a
series of celebrity golf tournaments across Canada each summer.
For more information, visit www.cnib.ca/gretzky.
Ask the Expert
Q: Do vitamins help a person with age-related macular degeneration
(AMD)?
A: Yes, certain vitamins can help. The AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease
Study) conducted by the National Eye Institute in the U.S. showed that when
patients with either moderate or advanced dry AMD in one eye took
antioxidant supplements, their risk of AMD progression was lowered.
These are not regular over-the counter multivitamins, however: talk to your
ophthalmologist about taking the AREDS formula. If you are then advised to
take these vitamins, let your primary care physician know you are doing so.
Smoking and AREDS
The complete AREDS formulation may not be for you if you currently smoke
cigarettes or have stopped smoking within the last year. Beta-carotene, one
of the ingredients in some AREDS vitamin formulations, can increase your
risk of lung cancer.
Further study
An AREDS II study is now looking at lutein, zeaxanthin and omega-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids to determine whether these supplements will
decrease the risk of progression of AMD. It will also test beta-carotene to
see if it may decrease the effectiveness of the combination of vitamins and
minerals used in AREDS I.
Diet and nutrition
A study from the Netherlands recently reported that individuals who
consumed higher amounts of vitamins C and E, beta-carotene and zinc had a
reduced risk of AMD. In addition, vegetables such as spinach, kale and corn
are good sources of lutein and zexanthin, which may play a part in retinal
health. Wild salmon, sardines and flaxseeds are some examples of excellent
sources of omega-3 fatty acids.
The bottom line
The topic of vitamin supplementation and diet in AMD prevention is
complicated and evolving. Consult with your eye care professional to learn
more.
The Expert
Mary Lou Jackson, Director, Vision Rehabilitation Service, Massachusetts
Eye and Ear Infirmary and Clinical Instructor, Harvard Medical School.
Ask the Expert
Have a vision-related question? Let us know! It could be featured in
the next issue. Write to info@cnib.ca.
Tax-wise giving benefits you and CNIB
With tax season upon us, you may want to take a minute to think about
some tax-wise strategies for next year.
Securities are tax smart
If you own stocks or mutual funds, a gift of securities is a very tax-smart
way to give. You can transfer a gift of your securities directly to CNIB's
brokerage account, pay no capital gains tax and get a full tax receipt for the
value of your gift. This can be a win for you and a win for the work of CNIB.
RSP rollovers may be a good time to give
If your RSP is due to rollover, you may want to consider making a donation
to a charity as part of your rollover strategy. Your gift may save you some
tax and also help fund CNIB programs and services.
Charitable Remainder Trusts can be the ultimate gift
Finally, there is a somewhat complex charitable giving vehicle called a
Charitable Remainder Trust. This method of giving can offer substantial tax
benefits but you need to be 75 or older, financially sophisticated and have a
good personal financial advisor.
Look before you leap
For any gift of assets, CNIB urges you to consult with your personal tax
expert, financial advisor, bank or lawyer to ensure that a particular gift is the
right choice for you.
For more information on tax-smart gifts, please visit
www.cnib.ca/en/support/donate/assets or contact Ann Rosenfield,
Director of Major Gifts at ann.rosenfield@cnib.ca or 1-800-563-2642
ext. 7594.
Right to Sight Campaign Tackles Needless Vision Loss in Canada
If you have wet AMD, there’s some good news. A groundbreaking treatment
called Lucentis was approved for use in Canada – it’s the first clinically
proven drug to restore vision for many wet AMD patients.
The trouble is, not everyone can afford Lucentis, which costs about $1600
per dose. In 2007, Canada’s Common Drug Review (CDR), a body that
recommends whether drugs should be covered by government health plans
(except for Quebec, which already reimburses Lucentis), issued a negative
recommendation. Meanwhile, the government of Ontario has been reviewing
Lucentis separately under its rapid review process.
CDR was expected to reconsider the ruling by February 1. In an effort to
overturn the initial decision, which would have seen thousands of Canadians
going needlessly blind and cost more in direct and indirect health costs than
the expense of treating people, CNIB swung into action with the Right to
Sight advocacy campaign. The issue received significant media coverage and
Canadians sent 8,000 letters to decision-makers.
At press time, the outcome of the CDR decision and the Ontario rapid review
were unknown. To learn more about the issue or to join the Right to Sight
email list, visit www.righttosight.ca or call 1-800-563-2642.
Newsflash
Are you ready for a real challenge this summer?
Looking for some career information? Want to take charge of your future?
And most importantly, do you want to make new friends, learn new skills
and have fun?
CNIB is now accepting applications for this year’s SCORE Summer
Program for youth ages 16 to 18 who are deafblind or living with vision
loss. This year’s program will take place from July 20 to August 2.
For more information about the program and to obtain an application, please
visit www.cnib.ca/score or contact us at score@cnib.ca.
Deadline for applications is March 28, 2008.
Thumbs Up
To the Grand Chapter of the NS/PEI Order of the Eastern Star, whose gift
will fund a CD duplicator for the CNIB Library.
To the Variety Club of BC for its generous donation of funds, accessibility
equipment and training time to CNIB.
To the Paloma Foundation, for supporting CNIB’s Early Intervention Services
for young children with vision loss and their families.
To Newfoundland singer-songwriter Terry Kelly for his inspirational work on
behalf of people with vision loss across Canada and around the world.
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
ALBERTA
May 8
Edmonton
22nd Annual Visions Luncheon
The Westin Edmonton
Tickets are $900 per table of ten or $100
each. For more information, contact Sharon McIntyre at 453-8333.
May 9
Calgary
2008 CNIB Visions Luncheon
Telus Convention Centre
Tickets are $100 per person or $1000 for a table of 10. For more
information, contact Pam Swan at 403-261-7208.
June 9
Northwest Territories
Annual Walk for Independence
For more information, call 867-873-2647.
June 16
Edmonton
4th Annual Walter Gretzky CNIB Golf Classic
For more information, contact Sharon McIntyre at 453-8333.
July 12
Grande Prairie
6th Annual Faircreek Golf Tournament
Fairview Golf Club
Registration includes: 18 holes, dinner and prizes. For more information,
please call 780-539-4719.
July 18
Yellowknife
NWT Charity Golf Tournament
For more information, please call 867-873-2647.
BRITISH COLUMBIA
How you can help
We invite you to get involved with CNIB. Volunteer, donate or learn more
about our programs and services. And if you, or someone you know, might
need CNIB’s help, we’re here for you. For more information, visit
www.cnib.ca or call 1-800-563-2642.
Looking for the latest vision health information?
CNIB Insight is a free source of trusted vision health news and information
delivered directly to your email inbox. Sign up today! Visit
www.cnib.ca/insight.
MANITOBA
How you can help
We invite you to get involved with CNIB. Volunteer, donate or learn more
about our programs and services. And if you, or someone you know, might
need CNIB’s help, we’re here for you. For more information, visit
www.cnib.ca or call 1-800-563-2642.
Looking for the latest vision health information?
CNIB Insight is a free source of trusted vision health news and information
delivered directly to your email inbox. Sign up today! Visit
www.cnib.ca/insight.
NEW BRUNSWICK
CNIB hosts events across New Brunswick all year round in support of CNIB’s
mission – to be the leader in promoting vision health and enhancing
independence for people with vision loss.
The 2008 Annual CNIB Gala is one such event. This year it will be held at
the historic University of New Brunswick, Fredericton Campus, on Saturday,
May 31. It’s an exciting opportunity for the community to come and enjoy an
evening of music with the George Street Blues Project, while learning more
about the fascinating world of adaptive technology through interactive
displays.
If you would like to learn more or volunteer for this exciting event, please
contact Jackie Duguay at 506-458-0070 or jackie.duguay@cnib.ca.
For more information about CNIB activities, visit www.cnib.ca.
NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR
Access to Literacy Program
Access to Literacy is about helping people with vision loss or a print disability
develop the literacy skills they need to be independent and confident.
Less than five per cent of all printed materials are available in an alternative
format such as digital audio books, digital text, large print and braille. By
supporting Access to Literacy, CNIB partners help close the information gap
between people who can and people who cannot read regular print.
Corporate Sponsors:
The Telegram • Pioneers • VOCM
Proudly supported by:
Rotary Club of St. John’s • Rotary Club of
St. John’s East • Newfoundland Containers
For more information, please contact Carmelita Joy-Bolger at 1-800-5632642, ext. 231 or carmelita.joy-bolger@cnib.ca.
Vision Health Month
April is Vision Health Month. Keep checking www.cnib.ca for more
information.
Adult Camp
From August 3 to 9, the Lions Max Simms Memorial Camp in Bishop’s Falls
will be hosting an Adult Camp for people with vision loss. Interested campers
can contact Don Connolly at 726-5975 for more information.
NOVA SCOTIA AND PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
Thank you to The Grand Chapter of the Order of the Eastern Star!
The Grand Chapter of the Order of the Eastern Star proudly supports CNIB’s
Access to Literacy program. Its generous donation of over $35,000 will
purchase a CD duplicator for the CNIB Library and digital talking book
players, bringing access to literacy to thousands of Canadians living vision
loss or a print disability.
Learn more about CNIB and how you can help. Visit www.cnib.ca.
Looking for the latest vision health information?
CNIB Insight is a free source of trusted vision health news and information
delivered directly to your email inbox. Sign up today! Visit
www.cnib.ca/insight.
ONTARIO
It’s getting hot, hot,hot, on the catwalk!
While the temperature may be dropping outside, it promises to rise across
Ontario cities this spring when professional firefighters take to the stage in
Hot Night in the City. A sizzling fashion show to benefit CNIB will
showcase the season’s hottest trends to hundreds of fashion enthusiasts.
Visit us online at www.cnib.ca/hotnight for more information or contact
Carrie Stevenson at carrie.stevenson@cnib.ca or 1-800-265-4127 to
purchase tickets.
Upcoming vision health workshops
April 1 – Owen Sound
April 2 – London
May 8 – Lindsay
May 13 – Thunder Bay
May 14 – Timmins
May 15 – Sault Ste. Marie
For more information or to register, call 1-866-577-7727 or email
jesse.cressman@cnib.ca.
Annual Door-to-Door Campaign
Throughout the month of May, CNIB volunteers will be canvassing for our
annual Door-to-Door campaign. Canvassers can be identified by their official
blue and white CNIB volunteer buttons. They will be knocking on doors
across communities in Ontario. Visit www.cnib.ca/doortodoor for more
information or contact doortodoor@cnib.ca or 1-866-272-3687 to donate
or volunteer.
For information on other CNIB events, visit www.cnib.ca/ontario.
QUEBEC
Computer Training
Whether you want to learn about Windows, Word, Excel, surfing the web or
using the CNIB Digital Library, you’re sure to find a class that meets your
needs. Some distance classes available. For more information, please
contact Pascale Roy at 1-800-465-4622, ext. 223.
Peer Support
Everyone needs someone to talk to, especially when you are going through
something difficult like vision loss. That’s why CNIB offers Canadians an
opportunity to exchange stories with peers and discover tools and tricks to
overcome vision loss. Participate in CNIB’s weekly and confidential friendship
calls, distance talk and support groups or face-to-face workshops.
For more information, please contact Larissa Klymkiw at 1-800-4654622, ext. 225.
SASKATCHEWAN
How you can help
We invite you to get involved with CNIB. Volunteer, donate or learn more
about our programs and services. And if you, or someone you know, might
need CNIB’s help, we’re here for you. For more information, visit
www.cnib.ca or call 1-800-563-2642.
Looking for the latest vision health information?
CNIB Insight is a free source of trusted vision health news and information
delivered directly to your email inbox. Sign up today! Visit
www.cnib.ca/insight.
CNIB Vision
Toll-free: 1-800-563-2642
Email: cnibvision@cnib.ca
Spring 2008
Editors: Lisa Pretty, Jessica Parrales
Charitable Organization
No. 119219459 RR0003
CNIB Vision is also available in French, electronic and alternative formats.