Biology Unit 1 Study Guide
The Chemical Basis of Life
Name _____________________________________
1. Biology is the study of what? _____________________
2. The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is called
_____________________
3. The branch of biology dealing with animals is called _____________________
4. The branch of biology dealing with plants is called _____________________
5. The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable is called _________________
6. All living things must contain what nucleic acid?
7. What is the smallest unit of a living thing? _________________
8. Name the 7 characteristics of Life?
9. What is metabolism? _______________________________________________________________
10. When salt is dissolved in water, water is the _______________ and salt is the _____________
11. What is cohesion in water?
12. What is adhesion in water?
13. What are hydrogen bonds?
14. Most carbohydrates consist of __________, __________, and __________ in a 1:2:1 ratio.
15. Carbohydrates are used by animals for __________________________
16. What carbohydrate is found in cell walls?
Compounds
Inorganic
____________
Made of
Made of
Metals,
usually NO
carbon
Mostly
Carbon and
Hydrogen
Question: What is the most IMPORTANT inorganic compound for living things? __________
Name
Organic Compounds
What it is
Example
Carbohydrates
Major source of _______ in
Sugar, glucose, sucrose, starches
living things made of H, C, O
Lipids
Water insoluble (don’t mix with
Provide insulation, store _________, found in the
water)
plasma membrane, waxy substance on leaves
Stores ______________
fats made of H, C and ____
Proteins
Monomer is ______________
_________________ hormones, antibodies
Nucleic Acids
Contains all the info. an
_____________ and ____________
organism needs to live, directs
the construction of proteins,
made up of nucleotides
(ATCG)
Question: Which of the 4 macromolecules are used to store energy in living things? _______________ and
_______________
ENZYMES are __________ that __________ chemical reactions.
1. What does this graph show you? (you must understand this graph…they will ask you a question about
it…I promise)
2. Enzymes __________ the activation energy in chemical reactions causing the reaction to go __________.
3. Question: What does the term “activation energy” mean?
4. Question: What is the difference between an enzyme and a catalyst?
The Lock and Key Model
(shows enzymes binding to the active site and the products)
1. Question: What is a substrate?
2. Question: At what point does the activation energy become lower?
3. Question: Does the enzyme get used up in the reaction? Why or why not?
4. Question: Why is this called the “lock and key” model?
The Cellular Basis of Life
The Cell Theory
1.
2.
3.
Explain the Cellular Basis of Life
1. With the development of the _______________ scientists were able to view and study cells.
The Characteristics of Living Things
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
need food for energy
respond to stimuli in their environment
pass genetic information to their offspring
A group of cells with similar function is a _____________________
A group of tissues with similar function is a ________________________
A group of organs with similar function is a ________________________
A group of organ systems working together is a ________________________
Types of Cells
11. Cells can be either _______________ OR _______________ based on the presence or absence of a
membrane bound nucleus.
12. Prokaryotic Cells are in the Domains __________________________ & _____________________
13. All bacteria are what type of cell? _____________________________
Prokaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
NOTE: There IS a true nucleus and other ORGANELLES.
NOTE: There is NO true nucleus. The DNA is NOT
enclosed by a membrane.
._______________ cells are found in bacteria and blue-green bacteria. Plants and Animals have _______________ cells
Organelles: Small structure inside the cell that performs a specific function.
Organelle
Function
Directs the activities of the cell and
contains all of the genetic information
called chromosomes made of DNA.
Makes energy
_____________________________
_____________________________
Makes protein
_____________________________
Processes and packages proteins
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
Contains digestive enzymes that help break
down food.
Called the “intercellular highway” because
it transports all sorts of material around the
cells.
Used for storage: water or food
_____________________________
PLANT CELLS ALSO HAVE:
Uses sunlight to create food for plants.
_____________________________
Supports and protects plants.
_____________________________
Plant Cell
What organelles are found in the plant but NOT animal cell?
Photosynthesis takes place in the _______________.
Why do plant cells have a large central vaculole?
Animal Cell
What is a lyosome?
Where does cellular respiration occur in the animal cell?
Why do golgi bodies form vesicles?
Explain HOMEOSTASIS and describe the transport of materials through the cell membrane.
1. Organisms maintain their internal equilibrium by responding and adjusting to their _______________.
2. The maintenance of an internal equilibrium is called _______________.
WHAT REGULATES WHAT ENTERS AND LEAVES THE CELL?
Answer: ____________________
1. Why is the plasma membrane called a “phospholipid bilayer”?
2. What do the words HYDROPHOBIC and HYDROPHILIC mean?.
Word
Diffusion
(NO energy)
Osmosis
(NO energy)
Facilitated transport
(NO energy)
Endocytosis
(needs ENERGY)
Exocytosis
(needs ENERGY)
1.
What do these words mean?
Definition
Movement of substances across plasma
membrane from an area of high
concentration to low concentration.
Diffusion of WATER across the plasma
membrane from areas of high
concentration to low concentration.
When a carrier molecule (protein) helps
to transport substances across the
plasma membrane
Large particles are brought into the cell
Large particles leave the cell
How is active transport different form passive transport?
2. Explain the two types of endocytosis: phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
Picture or example
How substances pass through the cell.
Cellular transport
Requires
Energy
Passive
Transport
NO Energy
Endocytosis
Facilitated
Transport
Osmosis
Types of Solutions
Hypertonic
What’s Happening?
Isotonic
What’s Happening?
Hypertonic
What’s Happening?
3. What happens to a blood cell in distilled water?
4. What happens to a blood cell in salt water?
5. Why do plants want to be hypotonic?