Методична розробка для студентів до самостійної позааудиторної роботи №2 по темі «Atoms and Molecules»
(Фармацевтичний факультет (заочна форма навчання), курс І, семестр ІІ)
Text: Atoms and Molecules
Term-elements: mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, poly-
Grammar: Perfect Tenses (Review)
Мета самостійної позааудиторної роботи №2
1.
Вивчити лексичний матеріал, що стосується теми.
2.
Поглибити знання про атоми і молекули та їхніх дослідників.
3.
Вивчити словотворчі елементи.
4.
Розвивати навички аналітичного та пошукового читання.
5.
Повторити і закріпити перфектні часи.
6.
Включити засвоєний лексико-граматичний матеріал в активне спілкування.
Stages of the Lesson
I. Active Vocabulary tiny to put forward proton electron neutron charge to cluster nucleus to orbit valence to gain to share quark gluon atomic number weight minute isotope pure potential covalent bond lone geometry trivial
(pl. nuclei) radioactivity крихітний, дуже маленький висувати, пропонувати протон електрон нейтрон заряд збиратися групами, тіснитися ядро обертатися (рухатися) по орбіті валентність одержувати, діставати поділяти, одержувати частку кварк глюон атомне число вага, маса дрібний ізотоп радіоактивність чистий; бездомішковий потенціал; можливість ковалентний зв'язок окремий, ізольований геометрія незначний

linear angular pyramidal лінійний наріжний;кутовий;кутастий пірамідальний вирішальний crucial
II. Read the text «Atoms and Molecules».
Answer the following questions on the text.
1. What is called an atom?
2. Who was the first scientist to put forward the theory that all matter was composed of atoms?
3. Who is the founder of modern atomic theory?
4. All of the atoms of a particular element are of the same type, aren't they?
5. What are atoms composed of?
6. Do electrons carry a negative electrical charge?
7. What are protons and neutrons composed of?
8. What is called the atomic number of the element?
9. What is called a molecule?
10. What does a molecule consist of?
III. Do the following vocabulary and speech exercises
I. Explain the meaning of the following words and word-combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own.
Atom; element; proton; electron; neutron; positive electrical charge; nucleus: valence; atomic number of the element; minute quantity; comparative weight of an atom; isotope of the element; molecule; invisible portion; pure chemical substance; unique set of chemical properties; chemical bond; neutral; polyatomic molecules.
II.
Solve the puzzle.
1. The smallest quantity of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction-... .
(Take the last letter)
2. A stable, positively charged elementary particle, found in atomic nuclei in numbers equal to the atomic number of the element -... .
(Take the third letter)
3. A stable elementary particle with a negative charge present in all atoms, orbiting the nucleus in numbers equal to the atomic number of the element in the neutral atom -... .
(Take the second letter)
4. A neutral elementary particle -... .
(Take the second letter)
5. The attribute of matter by which it responds to electromagnetic force responsible for all electrical phenomena, existing in two forms to which the signs negative and positive are assigned -... .
(Take the first letter)
6. The positively charged dense region at the centre of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons, about which electrons orbit -... .
(Take the second letter)
7. A property of atoms or groups, equal to the number of atoms of hydrogen that the atom or group could combine with or displace in forming compounds - … .

(Take the third letter)
8. One of two or more atoms with the same atomic number that contain different numbers of neutrons - ... .
(Take the last letter)
The word concealed is
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
III. Translate into English.
1. Атом - це найменша частинка елемента, яка здатна брати участь у хімічній реакції.
2. Атом складається з ядра та електронів. Ядро містить протони і нейтрони.
3. Айзек Ньютон був першим вченим, хто висунув теорію, що матерія складається з атомів.
4. Дантон був першим, хто показав, що багато хімічних явищ можна зрозуміти завдяки існуванню атомів.
5. Різниця між атомами елементів зумовлена кількістю протонів та нейтронів у ядрі.
6. Маса атома майже повністю сконцентрована у його ядрі.
7. Валентність елемента - це здатність утворювати ковалентні зв'язки.
8. Всі атоми хімічного елемента мають одашгей атомне число.
9. Ізотоп - це хімічний елемент, який має таке ж атомне число, як й інший елемент (тобто однакову кількість протонів у ядрі), але має іншу атомну масу
(тобто різну кількість нейтронів у ядрі).
10. Молекула - це хімічна сполука двох або більше атомів, які утворюють специфічну речовину.
11. Однією з основних характеристик молекули є її геометрія, яку часто називають структурою молекули.
IV. Memorize the meaning of the following term-elements. mon(o) - combining form of Greek origin denoting one; single di - prefix of Greek origin denoting twice; two; double tri - prefix of Latin origin denoting three or thrice tetr(a) - combining form of Greek origin denoting four poly - combining form of Greek origin denoting 1) more than one; many
V. Skim the text once more looking for the words having a prefixes di- and tri-
and combining forms tetr(a)- and poly- in their structure. Read their definitions in the next exercise.
VI. Read definitions of the terms having mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, poly- in their structure. Give the omitted definitions of some terms by yourself.
1.
Monosaccharide a simple sugar, such as glucose or fructose, that does no hydrolyse to yield other sugars.
Disaccharide - any of a class of sugars, such as maltose, lactose, and sucrose, having two linked monosaccharide units per molecule.

Trisaccharide an oligosaccharide whose molecules have three linked monosaccharide molecules.
Polysaccharide - any one of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain linked monosaccharide units: includes starch, inulin, and cellulose.
1.
Monatomic (monoatomic ) - 1) having or consisting of single atoms; 2) having only one atom or group that can be replaced in a chemical reaction.
Diatomic -1) containing two atoms; 2) containing two characteristic groups or atoms.
Triatomic - … .
Tetratomic - … .
Polyatomic - containing more than two atoms.
3.
Monoacid - capable of reacting with only one molecule of a monobasic acid; having only one hydroxide ion per molecule.
Diacid an acid or salt that contains two acidic hydrogen atoms.
Triacid - capable of reacting with three molecules of a monobasic acid.
Tetracid - ... .
4.
Monobasic- ....
Dibasic - derived by replacing two acidic hydrogen atoms.
Tribasic - containing three replaceable hydrogen atoms in the molecule.
Tetrabasic -... .
Polybasic having two or more replaceable hydrogen atoms per molecule.
5 .Monochloride a chloride containing one atom of chlorine per molecule.
Dichloride - a compound in which two atoms of chlorine are combined with another atom or group.
Trichloride - … .
Tetrachloride any compound that contains four chlorine atoms per molecule.
6.
Monocyclic- ....
Dicyclic containing only two rings of atoms.
Tricyclic - … .
Tetracyclic - containing four rings in its molecular structure.
Polycyclic containing or having molecules that contain two or more closed rings of atoms.
7.
Monohydric- ....
Dihydric containing two hydroxyl groups per molecule.
Trihydric - ... .
Polyhydric - ... .
8.
Monomorphic having only one crystalline form.
Dimorphism - a property of certain substances that enables them to exist in two distinct crystalline forms.
Trimorphism
Polymorphism - the existence or formation of different types of crystal of the same chemical compound.
9. Monovalent - 1) having a valency of one; 2) having only one valency.
Divalent - ... .

Trivalent - ... .
Tetravalent - … .
Polyvalent - having more than one valency.
10 .Monoxide - … .
Dioxide - any oxide containing two oxygen atoms per molecule, both of which are bonded to an atom of another element.
Trioxide any oxide that contains three oxygen atoms per molecule.
Tetroxide - ... .
IV. Do the following grammar exercises
I. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. Make them negative and interrogative.
1. The students will have written the test on molecules by 2 p. m. tomorrow.
2. The researchers have solved the problem of making photographs of molecules by means of an electron microscope.
3. We have already carried out the investigation.
4. Our scientists will have fulfilled their research by January.
5. The chemist had solved the chemical equation by that time.
6. The teacher has just explained us this chemical law.
7. She had prepared the report on quarks and gluons by the time you came.
8. The students had translated the article before the bell rang.
9. The laboratory assistant will have washed the glassware before he goes home.
10. I shall have done all the exercises by 7 o'clock.
II. Open the brackets using the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite.
1. The teacher (to enter) ...
already ... the classroom.
2. We (to make) ... different investigations last term.
3. I (to know) .
.. this chemist for 5 years.
4. He (not to see) ...
him since January.
5. I (not to read) ... the text "Atoms and Molecules" yet.
6. She (to enter) ...
the Medical University last year.
7. Now I can retell the text. I (to learn) ...
all the new words.
8. Is he still reading the article "Novel Discoveries in Neurochemistry"? - No, he
...just
(to read) ...
it.
9. The professor (to finish) .
.. delivering the lecture on Isaak Newton twenty minutes ago.
10. ... you ever (to live) ...
in a foreign country?
III. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Past Indefinite or Perfect.
1. The student (to pass) ...
all his exams by the end of December.
2. They (to fulfil) ...
their research work by Monday.
3. The investigator (to solve) ...
this problem last month.
4. We (to discuss) ...
the report by 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
5. The student (to write) ...
a test yesterday.

6. My friend (to study) ...
physics and chemistry very persistently before he (to enter) ...
the medical university.
7. The doctors (to take) ...
the decision to operate on the patient before his relatives
(to come) ...
to the hospital.
8. ... you (to get) ...
home before the programme "Planet of Health" (to start) ... ?
9. The ambulance (to arrive) ...
when some doctor passing by ... already (to give) ... him the first aid.
10. ... you (to find) ...
the textbook in chemistry which you (to lose) ...
in the central academic building before?
IV. Open the brackets using the Future Indefinite or Perfect.
1. The teacher (to explain) ... the way in which molecules are made up by the end of the lesson.
2. We (to study) ...
the history of atomic theory development at the next lesson.
3. The patient... fully (to recover) ...
by the beginning of next month.
4. I (to try) ... to enter the medical university next year.
5. The doctor (to discharge) ...
him from the hospital by Saturday.
6. The students (to have) ...
a quiz in chemistry on Monday.
7. The assistant professor (to ask) ...
him to fetch an optical microscope from the laboratory.
8. I (not to translate) ...
the text "John Dalton - the Founder of Modem Atomic
Theory" into Ukrainian by the time my mother comes home.
V.
Translate into English.
1. Студенти вже прочитали та переклали цей текст. Зараз вони виконують граматичні вправи. Вони виконають усі завдання до закінчення заняття.
2. Професор Нечипоренко закінчить читати лекцію про ковалентні зв'язки до
10 години ранку. Потім він протягом години перевірятиме контрольні роботи, які студенти писали у понеділок.
3. Ірина щойно завершила свою дослідницьку роботу. Тепер у неї є об'єктивні дані, і вона встигне опублікувати статтю в науковому медичному віснику до вересня.
4. Я прочитаю цю статтю про структуру багатоатомних молекул завтра до 15 години. Потім я позичу журнал своїй подрузі.
5. Вони збудували нову хімічну лабораторію до першого серпня.
Сподіваємось, що вони встигнуть завести все необхідне обладнання до першого вересня.
Методичну розробку складено викладачем Венгринович Н. Р.
Методичну розробку обговорено і затверджено на кафедрі мовознавства.
Протокол № ____ від ______
Зав. кафедри мовознавства, професор Голод Р.Б.