GCSE PSYCHOLOGY
Unit 1 ~ Perception & Dreaming
Topic B – Is Dreaming Meaningful?
Checklist
Freud’s Dream theory ~
features of dreams
Dreamwork
Symbols in dreams
Psychoanalysis and the 3 methods used
Evaluation of Freud’s dream theory
The Biological theory of dreaming ~ how brain messages are sent
The activation – synthesis theory including concepts such as REM and sensory blockade
Evaluation of activation- synthesis
Comparisons between the dream theories
Case studies as a research method
Strengths and Weaknesses of a case study
How to design a case study including ethics
Little Hans study
Evaluation of Little Hans
Being and becoming a Psychoanalyst
Sleep disorders and sleep clinics
This revision pack is aimed at helping you revise!
Freud (1909) Dream Theory
According to Freud, what does the
iceberg represent?
Match the dreamwork concepts to their definition
Condensation
When something that seems to be unimportant in the
dream is made central, to shift attention from what
really is important.
Displacement
How the dreamer builds a story when telling what the
dream is about, adding to and changing things, which
makes analysis hard.
Secondary elaboration
When many thoughts and elements from the
unconscious are represented in the dream in one
symbol.
Explain Freud’s three methods of psychoanalysis:
1. Slips of the tongue,
2. free association
3. dream analysis
Colour the evaluation points red if it’s a
weakness and green if it’s a strength
Unique methods
Biased sample
Hard to measure
In-depth real-life data
Subjective
Now explain how each evaluation point relates to Freud’s
(1900) dream theory
Biological Theory of dreaming
A neuron is …..
Label this neuron with the following:
 Axon
 Cell body
 Neural impulse
 Terminal
 Dendrites
How are brain messages sent? Explain the process using the 7 steps below
Step 1
Step 2
Step3
Step 7
Step 6
Step 4
Step 5
Match the biological theory concept to it’s definition
REM Sleep
A model of dreaming proposed by Hobson and
McCarley where the brain is active but no sensory
information is coming into it. The brain puts the
information it has together to make sense of it and this
is the dream.
EEG (electroencephalograph)
During REM sleep, when neurons are active randomly
not deliberately.
Activation-synthesis
A machine with electrodes is attached to the head and
can pick up brain activity, which can be shown in
graph form on a monitor.
Random activation
The state, during REM sleep, when the body is
paralyzed and there is no movement.
Sensory blockade
A stage of sleep that occurs about five times each
night, where there is rapid eye movement which
indicates that dreaming is taking place.
Movement inhibition
During REM sleep, when no information enters
through the senses.
Colour the evaluation points red if
it’s a weakness and green if it’s a
strength
Objective
Research methods
Credible
Dreams have no meaning
Now explain how each evaluation point relates to
Hobson and McCarley’s (1977) biological dream theory
CASE STUDIES AS A RESEARCH METHOD
These 12 boxes consist of the definitions for 12 concepts related to the case study method but which
is which?
The concepts are: aim, quantitative data, open question, closed question, qualitative data, case
study, reliability, subjectivity, objectivity, generalisability, privacy, confidentiality,
A statement of what the study is
being carried out to find.
A research method studying an
individual or a small group and
gathering in-depth and detailed
information using different means.
Data involving stories or attitudes.
Data that involve numbers and
statistics, such as percentages.
Refers to findings of studies and
how far they can be said to be
true of people other than those
that were studied.
Refers to whether findings from a
study would be found again if the
study was repeated. A study is... if
the findings are replicated.
Refers to research methods,
where the researcher is somehow
affecting the results, perhaps by
their interpretation.
An ethical guideline for studies
that involve people as
participants, which ensures that
their names must not be recorded
and they must not be identifiable.
An ethical guideline for studies
that involve people as
participants, which ensure that
information gained must not be
shared with others without
permission.
Refers to research methods,
where there is no bias, for
example the researcher’s own
views have not affected the
findings.
Question that asks for description
and detail.
Simple question with a few
possible answers.
How do these images relate to Freud’s case study of Little Hans? Label around the images
Evaluation points for Little Hans
Freud’s conclusions
Your evaluation! Think GRAVE
The Job and Role of a Psychoanalyst
Which of these skills and characteristics would help make someone a good psychoanalyst? Colour those red that would
not be good skills and colour the useful skills green. Be careful only 5 of these skills would make you a good
psychoanalyst!
Good listener?
Able to work with those
with emotional problems
Non-judgmental?
Which skills?
Talks too much?
Judgmental?
Grumpy?
Patient?
Colour sleep disorders blue and treatments orange. Then explain how one of the disorders affects
the individual and how the treatment would help.
Insomnia
Cognitive behavioural therapy
Medication
Circadian rhythm disorder
Hypersomnia
Parasomnias
Acupuncture
Hypnotherapy
Space for you own additional notes….