1 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted GRADE 10 - 2003340/50 CHEMISTRY (HONORS) CURRICULUM MAP SUMMARY 2015-16 MiniFormative Assessment (MFA)# 1 2 IFC Standards SC.912.P.8.1 SC.912.P.8.2 SC.912.P.8.5 SC.912.N.1.1 SC.912.N.1.2 SC.912.N.1.7 SC.912.N.2.2 SC.912.N.1.4 SC.912.N.2.4 SC.912.N.3.2 SC.912.N.3.5 SC.912.P.8.3 SC.912.P.8.4 SC.912.P.8.9 SC.912.P.10.10 (H only) SC.912.P.10.9 SC.912.P.1018 3 4 July 2015 SC.912.N.3.2 SC.912.P.10.12 SC.912.P.10.11 SC.912.P.10.10 (H only) SC.912.P.8.3 SC.912.P.8.5 SC.912.N.1.6 SC.912.P.8.6 SC.912.N.2.4 SC.912.N.4.2 (H only) SC.912.P.8.7 SC.912.N.3.5 Topic Covered Number of Days Lab Safety, Lab equipment, Lab skills, Measurements, What is Chemistry?, and Pre-Assessment 4 DAYS Practice of Science, credibility and validity of scientific claims, Matter, States of Matter, Physical and Chemical Properties, and Physical and Chemical changes 12 DAYS Reliability and Validity of Scientific Claims, Science vs. Pseudoscience, Scientific Models, Development of Theories in Science, Valence Electrons, Atomic Theory, Mole Concept, Fundamental Forces 8 DAYS Bohr Model of the Atom, Electromagnetic Spectrum 6 DAYS Development of Theory, Chemical vs. Nuclear Reactions, Atomic Structure, Radioactive Decay, Energy changes and Fundamental Forces (Honors) 10 DAYS Atomic Theory, Periodic Relationships, Structure of Atoms, Electron Configuration and Properties, Chemical bonding, and Valence Electrons 9 DAYS Chemical Bonding and Valence Electrons, Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonds, Electronegativity, Intermolecular Forces 9 DAYS 2 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted 5 SC.912.P.8.7 SC.912.P.8.2 SC.912.P.8.8 SC.912.P.10.12 SC.912.N.1.6 SC.912.N.3.3 (H only) SC.912.N.4.1 SC.912.P.8.8 SC.912.N.1.6 SC.912.N.3.3 SC.912.N.4.1 Naming Ionic and Covalent Compounds, Interpreting Formulas, Writing Chemical Formulas, 10 DAYS Predict Formulas of Ionic Bonds, Dimensional Analysis, Empirical and Molecular Formulas 10 DAYS SC.912.N.1.5 SC.912.N.2.5 Interpreting Formula Representations, Mole concept, Mass to Mole Stoichiometry, and Determining Formula Mass, 10 DAYS SC.912.N.1.5 SC.912.N.2.5 Dimensional Analysis, Use Experimental Data to Calculate Empirical and Molecular Formulas, Mass to Mass Stoichiometry, Theoretical vs. Actual Yield, and Percent Yield 10 DAYS Kinetic Molecular Theory, States of Mater, Temperature and Kinetic Energy, Atomic Structure and Properties, Intra and Intermolecular Formula, Bonding Forces, and Phase Diagrams 12 DAYS Classification of solutions, Arrhenius theory, Neutralization Reactions, Calculating pH and pOH, and Indicators 14 DAYS Collision Theory, Activation Energy, Rates of Chemical Reactions 14 DAYS Reversible Reactions, Chemical Equilibrium, Organic Molecules 12 DAYS 6 7 8 9 10 July 2015 SC.912.N.1.4 SC.912.P.8.1, SC.912.P.10.5, SC.912.P.12.10 SC.912.P.12.11 SC.912.N.4.1 SC.912.P.8.8 SC.912.L.17.15 (H only) SC.912.L.18.12 SC.912.N.3.3 SC.912.N.4.2 SC.912.P.8.11 SC.912.P.10.1 SC.912.P.10.2 SC.912.P.10.5 SC.912.P.10.6 SC.912.P.10.7 SC.912.L.17.15 (H only) SC.912.P.12.12 SC.912.P.12.13 SC.912.P.8.12 SC.912.N.3.2 SC.912.L.17.19 (H only) SC.912.L.17.15 (H only) 3 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted CHEMISTRY 1 (Regular and Honors) COURSE CODE: 2003340/2003350 Unit#: N/A Unit Title: Introduction Body of Knowledge: Standards: Essential Questions 1. Why are lab protocols important to a safe laboratory experience? Essential Content Explain why knowledge of chemistry is central to other scientific endeavors. Describe different areas of chemistry Apply knowledge of laboratory safety. Diagram the room layout and locate the safety equipment. Name and explain the use of basic lab equipment for chemistry. Review measurement skills using lab equipment. July 2015 Benchmarks (DOK): Objectives and Skills www.floridastandards.org Based on 187 Total Contact Days (1 Day equals approximately 1 class period) Pacing: 4/150 (3%) Schedule Type Pacing (Days) Traditional 4 days Block 2 days Standards Notes: Lab Skills and Safety are an essential part of the curriculum for chemistry instruction but are not linked to NGSSS. The Nature of Science standards and benchmarks should be taught throughout the course. Instructional Resources: (select benchmark specific resource) Lab Safety Video, Song, or Poster Gizmos Measuring Volume Triple Beam Balance Unit Conversions Discovery Education (log-in through BEEP) Lesson Activity - What Not To Do Lesson Activity – What Not To Do AnswerKey Video - Lab Safety and Compliance Video Video - Accident at Jefferson High Lab Activity - Accuracy and Precision Lab Lab Safety Memorial Lab Instructional Strategies: (recommended activities and labs) Stations – Create stations available where students can practice taking measurements in the science lab using Gizmo (one laptop available per station). If Gizmo access is not available then teacher can project and discuss how measurements are taken and allow students to perform a measurement lab in class in rotations. Problem Based Learning (PBL) - Tell students that they work for OSHA and have identified a science lab with a huge number of safety incidents. Their task is to write a letter to the lab manager citing violations and their plan to improve the conditions of the lab. Use rubric to grade. Remarks/Examples Science is characterized by empirical observations, testable questions, formation of hypotheses, and experimentation that results in stable and replicable results, logical reasoning, and coherent theoretical constructs. Read, interpret, and examine credibility and validity of scientific claims in different sources of information, such as scientific articles, advertisements, or media stories. Strict standards of science included controlled variables, sufficient sample size, and replication of results, empirical and measurable evidence, and the concept of falsification. Recognize that contributions to science can be made and have been made by people from all over the world. Collect data/evidence and use tables/graphs to draw conclusions and make inferences based on patterns or trends in data. 4 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted Scavenger Hunt – students find science laboratory equipment strategically placed in the lab, draw a picture and identify use. Work through difficult problems using creativity, and critical and analytical thinking in problem solving (e.g. convergent versus divergent thinking and creativity in problem solving). Complete a graph that depicts the number of lab related deaths since 1929 using information found in the Lab Safety Memorial link. Have students draw conclusions and create questions. KEY TERMS (This list is not limited to all possible vocabulary within a specific unit): Science, reliability, investigations, empirical evidence, inference, observations, balance, beaker, Bunsen burner, burette, combustible, dispose, Erlenmeyer flask, eye wash, evaporation dish, fire blanket, fire extinguisher, flammable, fume hood, graduated cylinder, pipette, ring and stand, safety goggles, safety shower, test tube, toxic, volumetric flask, accuracy, precision, mass, metric system, volume, weight, funnel, July 2015 5 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted CHEMISTRY 1 (Regular and Honors) Unit#: I Unit Title: MATTER AND MEASUREMENT Body of Knowledge: Physical Science Standards: Matter Essential Questions 1. How is the conceptual understanding of matter central to the understanding of all scientific disciplines? 2. How do the following terms differ and how are they important to scientific knowledge: observation, inference, creativity, and methods of questioning and explaining? 3. How is scientific inquiry a multifaceted activity? 4. Do the processes of science correspond to the traditional portrayal of “the scientific method”? 5. How is scientific argumentation a part of scientific inquiry, and what is its role in the generation and validation of scientific knowledge? Based on 187 Total Contact Days (1 Day equals approximately 1 class period) Pacing: 12/150(11%) Schedule Type Pacing (Days) Traditional 12 days Block 6 days Standards Notes: Nature of Science Benchmarks should be taught ALL year. Instructional Resources: (select benchmark specific resource) Textbook Develop conceptual understanding of Matter. SC.912.P.8.1 (2) – Differentiate Lab: Mixture Separation among the four states of matter. p.26-27 Contrast mixtures and pure substances. SC.912.P.8.2 (2) – Differentiate Lab: Separation of Pen Inks by Paper Distinguish between elements between physical and chemical properties and physical and compounds and mixtures. Chromatography p. 432-433 chemical changes of matter. Classify mixtures as Demo: Water vs. glycerin SC.912.P.8.5 (2) – Relate properties homogeneous or p.7 of atoms and their position in the heterogeneous. Demo: Electrical periodic table to the arrangement of Describe properties of matter Conductivity p.7 their electrons. as extensive or intensive. Lab: Properties of Matter Distinguish between physical SC.912.N.1.1 (3) – Define a problem based on a specific body of and chemical properties of Gizmos knowledge, for example: biology, Scientific Notation and matter. chemistry, physics, and earth/space o e.g. volume, Significant Digits science, and do the following compressibility, density, Density by Displacement SC.912.N.1.2 (2) – Describe and conductivity, Density Lab malleability, reactivity, explain what characterizes science molecular composition, Discovery Education (log-in and its methods. Essential Content July 2015 Benchmarks (DOK): Objectives and Skills www.floridastandards.org COURSE CODE: 2003340/2003350 Instructional Strategies: (recommended activities and labs) Graphic Organizers (Modified Venn Diagram, Closed Compare and Contrast After Videos or Reading infuse Discussion Strategies such as: Think-Pair-Share Three Minute Pause Read and Say Something Picture Notes Enrichment Activities Science Fair Science Olympiad EPICS Benchmark Clarifications / Learning goals (BC) & Content Limits (CL) SC.912.P.8.1 - Differentiate among the four states of matter (solid, liquid, gas and plasma) in terms of energy, particle motion, and phase transitions. (Note: Currently five states of matter have been identified) SC.912.P.8.2 - Discuss volume, compressibility, density, conductivity, malleability, reactivity, molecular composition, freezing, melting, and boiling points. Describe simple laboratory techniques that can be used to separate homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures (e.g. filtration, distillation, chromatography, evaporation) Various LAFS and MAFS standards embedded. SC.912.P.8.5 - Use the periodic table and 6 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted freezing, melting and boiling points Experimentally measure mass and volume. Calculate and discuss the densities of regular and irregular shaped objects. Use the property of density to identify substances Describe techniques used to separate mixtures. Experimentally separate a mixture based on the properties of the substances in the mixture. through BEEP) SC.912.N.1.7 (1) – Recognize the The Importance of role of creativity in constructing Measurement scientific questions, methods and Chemical Properties of explanations. Metals SC.912.N.2.2 (3) - Identify which Chemical Properties of Nonquestions can be answered through Metals science and which questions are outside the boundaries of scientific CPalms Guided Reading - Behavior of investigation, such as questions addressed by other ways of knowing, Gases: Disaster at Lake Nyos Modeling - Shake It Up such as art, philosophy, and religion. American Chemical Society Lesson Plan - What is Density? electron configuration to determine an element number of valence electrons and its chemical and physical properties. Explain how chemical properties depend almost entirely on the configuration of the outer electron shell. SC.912.N.1.2 - Science is characterized by empirical observations, testable questions, formation of hypotheses, and experimentation that results in stable and replicable results, logical reasoning, and coherent theoretical constructs. SC.912.N.1.7 - Work through difficult problems using creativity, and critical and analytical thinking in problem solving (e.g. convergent versus divergent thinking and creativity in problem solving). SC.912.N.2.2 – Identify scientific questions that can be disproved by experimentation/testing. Recognize that pseudoscience is a claim, belief, or practice which is presented as scientific, but does not adhere to strict standards of science (e.g. controlled variables, sample size, replicability, empirical and measurable evidence and the concept of falsification). MAFS.K12.MP.1 – Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. KEY TERMS (This list is not limited to all possible vocabulary within a specific unit): Solid, liquid, gas, plasma, energy, motion, phase changes (transitions), volume, compressibility, density, conductivity, malleability, reactivity, molecular composition, freezing, melting point, boiling points, filtration, distillation, chromatography, evaporation, homogeneous mixtures, heterogeneous mixtures, element, compound, pure substance, physical property, chemical property, physical change, chemical change, subatomic particles, protons, neutrons, electrons, metal, nonmetal, metalloid (semi-metal), noble gas, hypothesis, scientific theory, law July 2015 7 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted CHEMISTRY 1 (Regular and Honors) COURSE CODE: 2003340/2003350 Unit#: II Unit Title: ATOMIC STRUCTURE & MODELS Body of Knowledge: Physical Science Standards: Matter and Energy Based on 186 Total Contact Days (1 Day equals approximately 1 class period) Pacing: 14/150 (9%) Schedule Type Pacing (Days) Traditional 14 days Block 7 days Standards Notes: Nature of Science Benchmarks should be taught ALL year. Essential Questions 1. What physical and chemical interactions occur between molecules or atoms, Electron configurations (Chapter 4.3) may be taught as a supplemental concept to and how can these interactions (properties) be used to classify and describe reinforce the benchmarks associated with periodicity but are not linked to NGSSS. matter? SC.912.P.10.10 (2) – Compare the magnitude and range of the four fundamental forces 2. How are atomic models used to explain atoms and help us understand the (gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, strong nuclear). [Honors Only] interactions of elements and compounds observed on a macroscopic scale? Instructional Resources: Instructional Strategies: (select benchmark specific (recommended activities and resource) labs) Predict, Observe, Explain (POE) Textbook Lab: Constructing a Model with Atomic Models Lesson Describe the development SC.912.N.1.4 (3) - Identify and historical importance of sources of information and assess Lab: Conservation of Mass pp.64-65 Model Eliciting Activities (MEA) atomic theory from Dalton their reliability according to the Gizmos (atomic theory), Thomson strict standards of scientific Timeline – Research Activity (the electron), Rutherford Discovery Education (log-in (the nucleus and “gold foil” investigation. SC.912.N.2.4 (3) - Explain that through BEEP) Atomic Model Foldable experiment), and Bohr Early Atomic Discoveries scientific knowledge is both (planetary model of atom). Atomic Models by Thomson, Enrichment Activities Describe the structure of durable and robust and open to Rutherford, and Planck Science Fair atoms in terms of protons, change. Scientific knowledge can JJ Thomson discovers the Electron Science Olympiad neutrons and electrons, and change because it is often Niels Bohr Atomic Model EPICS differentiate among these examined and re-examined by new particles in terms of mass, investigations and scientific CPalms electrical charges and argumentation. Because of these Computer Stations Lab – Atomic location within the atom. frequent examinations, scientific Theory Stations - Eckert Determine the valence Atomic Models electrons of an atom using knowledge becomes stronger, Bohr’s model for elements 1 leading to its durability. ACS to 20. SC.912.N.3.2 (2) - Describe the Describe the relationship role consensus plays in the Videos – The 2,400-year search for between valence electrons historical development of a theory the atoms-Theresa Doud Essential Content July 2015 Benchmarks (DOK): Objectives and Skills www.floridastandards.org Benchmark Clarifications / Learning goals (BC) & Content Limits (CL) SC.912.N.1.4 - Read, interpret, and examine the credibility and validity of scientific claims in different sources of information, such as scientific articles, advertisements, or media stories. Strict standards of science include controlled variables, sufficient sample size, replication of results, empirical and measurable evidence, and the concept of falsification. SC.912.N.2.4 - Recognize that ideas with the most durable explanatory power become established theories, but scientific explanations are continually subjected to change in the face of new evidence. SC.912.N.3.2 - Recognize that scientific argument, disagreement, discourse, and discussion create a broader and more accurate understanding of natural processes and events. SC.912.N.3.5 - Describe how models are 8 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted and the arrangement of the in any one of the disciplines of elements in the periodic Interactive Animations – Models of science. table. SC.912.N.3.5 (2) – Describe the the Hydrogen Atom Explain how chemical function of models in science, and properties depend on identify the wide range of models Evolution of the Atomic Model valence electrons. used in science. (MAFS.K12.MP.4) SC.912.P.8.3 (3) – Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by describing changes in the atomic model over time and why those changes were necessitated by experimental evidence. SC.912.P.8.4 (3) – Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by describing the structure of atoms in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons, and differentiate among these particles in terms of their mass, electrical charges and locations within the atom. SC.912.P.8.9 (3) – Apply the mole concept and the law of conservation of mass to calculate quantities of chemicals participating in reactions. used by scientists to explain observations in nature. SC.912.P.8.3 - Describe the development and historical importance of atomic theory from Dalton (atomic theory), Thomson (the electron), Rutherford (the nucleus and gold foil experiment), and understand how each discovery leads to modern atomic theory. SC.912.P.8.4 - Explain that electrons, protons and neutrons are parts of the atom and that the nuclei of atoms are composed of protons and neutrons, which experience forces of attraction, repulsion consistent with their charges and masses. SC.912.P.8.9 - Recognize one mole equals 6.02 x 1023 particles (atoms or molecules). Determine number of particles for elements and compounds using the mole concept, in terms of number of particles, mass, and the volume of an ideal gas at specified conditions of temperature and pressure. Use experimental data to determine percent yield, empirical formulas, molecular formulas, and calculate the mass-to-mass stoichiometry for a chemical reaction. SC.912.P.10.10 - Recognize and discuss the effect of each force on the structure of matter and the evidence of it. (Honors ONLY) KEY TERMS (This list is not limited to all possible vocabulary within a specific unit): Model, atomic theory, protons, neutrons, electrons, charges, mole, Law of Conservation of Mass, gravitational Force, electromagnetic force, weak nuclear force, strong nuclear force, Essential Content July 2015 Benchmarks (DOK): Objectives and Skills www.floridastandards.org Instructional Resources: (select benchmark specific resource) Instructional Strategies: (recommended activities and labs) Benchmark Clarifications / Learning goals (BC) & Content Limits (CL) 9 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted Textbook Explain that when electrons SC.912.N.3.5 (2) – Describe the Demonstrations p. 98 transition to higher energy function of models in science, and Quick Lab: The Wave Nature of levels they absorb energy, identify the wide range of models Light: Interference (pg.106) Lab: Flame Tests (pg.130-131) and when they transition to used in science. lower energy levels they (MAFS.K12.MP.4) emit energy. SC.912.P.10.9 (2) - Describe the Gizmos (subscription required) Bohr Model: Introduction Recognize that spectral lines quantization of energy at the are the result of transitions atomic level. Star Spectra of electrons between energy SC.912.P.10.18 (3) - Explore the Bohr Model of Hydrogen levels that correspond to theory of electromagnetism by photons of light with an comparing and contrasting the Discovery Education (log-in energy and frequency different parts of the through BEEP) related to the energy spacing electromagnetic spectrum in terms Louis de Broglie’s Theory on between levels (Planck’s of wavelength, frequency, and Waves and Particles relationship E = hʋ). energy, and relate them to Icons of Science: Quantum Explore the theory of phenomena and applications. Theory (20:00) electromagnetism by o Classical Gas: Classical and comparing and contrasting Quantum Physics the different parts of the o Quantum Leap: Max Planck electromagnetic spectrum in and Black Body Radiation terms of wavelength, o Bohring the Atom: Niels frequency, and energy, and Bohr and the Structure of relate them to phenomena the Atom and applications. o Particles Waving: The Describe the electromagnetic Dual Nature of Light and spectrum (i.e., radio waves, Matter microwaves, infrared, o Those Pesky Atoms: visible light, ultraviolet, XHeisenberg and the rays and gamma rays) in Structure of the Atoms terms of frequency, o Certain of Uncertainty: wavelength and energy. Quantum Physics and Solve problems involving Observations wavelength, frequency, and CPALMS energy (c = ƛʋ). Virtual Manipulative – Black Body Spectrum Virtual Manipulative – Molecules and Light Virtual Manipulative – Photoelectric Effect Video/Demonstration – Light is a Particle Text Resource – Noble Gas July 2015 Picture Inquiry (Pg. 72 - Figure 4 SC.912.N.3.5 - Describe how models are and 5) used by scientists to explain observations in Picture Inquiry (Pg. 74 - Figure 6 nature. and 7) SC.912.P.10.9 -Explain that when electrons Predict, Observe, Explain during transition to higher energy levels they absorb Flame Test Lab energy, and when they transition to lower energy levels they emit energy. Recognize Paired Reading (pg. 111) that spectral lines are the result of transitions of electrons between energy levels that After watching videos infuse one correspond to photons of light with an of the following CRISS energy and frequency related to the energy Discussion Strategies: spacing between levels (Planck’s relationship E = hv). Read and Say Something SC.912.P.10.18 - Describe the Three Minute Pause electromagnetic spectrum (i.e., radio waves, Think-Pair-Share microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays) in terms Enrichment Activities of frequency, wavelength and energy. Solve Science Fair problems involving wavelength, frequency, Science Olympiad and energy. EPICS 10 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted Molecule Discovered in Space American Chemical Society BrainPop – [username palmbeach and password palmbeach] Atomic Models PHeT Rutherford Scattering NBC Learn o Electromagnetic Pulse Weapons o How are Elements Broken Down into Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons? o Irradiated Food: Is a Mango Exposed to Gamma Rays Safe to Eat? KEY TERMS (This list is not limited to all possible vocabulary within a specific unit): Energy, ground state, excited state, emission spectra, transition, amplitude, atomic emission, spectrum, crest, electromagnetic spectrum, electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic wave, energy sublevel, frequency, light, orbital, photon, Planck’s constant, principal energy level, prism, quantum, trough, wavelength, energy levels, atomic orbital, electron configuration, Aufbau Principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle, spin, Hund’s Rule, visible spectrum. July 2015 11 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted CHEMISTRY 1 (Regular and Honors) COURSE CODE: 2003340/2003350 Unit#: III Unit Title: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Body of Knowledge: Physical Science Standards: Energy Based on 187 Total Contact Days (1 Day equals approximately 1 class period) Pacing: 10/150 (7%) Schedule Type Pacing (Days) Traditional 10 days Block 5 days Standards Notes: Nature of Science Benchmarks should be taught ALL year.. Essential Questions 1. How are matter and energy transformed and conserved even though their form SC.912.P.10.11 (3) - Explain and compare nuclear reactions (radioactive decay, fission and and location undergo continual change? fusion), the energy changes associated with them and their associated safety issues. 2. What is the general architecture of the atom, and what roles do the main SC.912.P.10.10 (2) - Compare the magnitude and range of the four fundamental forces constituents of the atom play in determining the properties of materials? (gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, strong nuclear). [Honors Only] Instructional Resources: (select benchmark specific resource) Textbooks Lab: Simulation of Nuclear Decay Distinguish between nuclear SC.912.N.3.2 (2) - Describe the (pg. 708-709) and chemical reactions. role consensus plays in the historical development of a theory Demonstration: Detecting and Recognize that nuclear Measuring Beta Radiation (pg.693) in any one of the disciplines of chemistry focuses on the Demonstration: Modeling A Chain science. changes in the nucleus. Explain the changes that take SC.912.P.10.12 (2) - Differentiate Reaction (pg. 697) between chemical and nuclear place in the nucleus, forces Gizmos (Subscription Required) reactions. holding the nucleus Nuclear Decay together, and the nucleus’ Half-Life instability causing radiation Identify real-world examples Discovery Education (log-in where chemical and nuclear through BEEP) reactions occur every day. o Marie Curie: Radioactivity and the Discovery of Radium o Irradiation of Food: Risk Benefit Analysis o Dating, Radioactive Decay Ray, Half-Life, Elements of a Nuclear Power Plant o Radioactivity: Nuclear Disintegration and Subatomic Particles o Chemistry Connections: Nuclear changes (29:05) Essential Content July 2015 Benchmarks (DOK): Objectives and Skills www.floridastandards.org Instructional Strategies: (recommended activities and labs) Benchmark Clarifications / Learning goals (BC) & Content Limits (CL) SC.912.N.3.2 - Recognize that scientific Picture Inquiry – (Pg. 698 Figure argument, disagreement, discourse, and 15) discussion create a broader and more accurate understanding of natural processes Read and select a content area and events. passage. Give students a text coding bookmark and allow them SC.912.P.10.12 - Describe how chemical to code the text. Teacher or reactions involve the rearranging of atoms to students create Text Dependent form new substances, while nuclear Questions and pass them around reactions involve the change of atomic for students to answer in their nuclei into entirely new atoms. Identify realnotebook using complete world examples where chemical and nuclear sentences. reactions occur every day. Compare & Contrast Chart (CRISS) Triangular Comparison Diagram Concept Mapping Predict Observe Explain (Virtual Simulations) Enrichment Activities Science Fair SC.912.P.10.11 - Identify the three main types of radioactive decay (alpha, beta, and gamma) and compare their properties (composition, mass, charge, and penetrating power). Explain the concept of half-life for an isotope (e.g. C-14 is used to determine the age of objects) and calculate the amount of a radioactive substance remaining after an integral number of half-lives have passed. Recognize that the energy release per gram of material is much larger in nuclear fusion or fission reactions than in chemical 12 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted o o o o Program Overview Science Olympiad Comparing Nuclear EPICS changes, Chemical Changes, and Phase Changes (4:47) The Energy of Nuclear Changes (12:01) Harnessing Nuclear Energy (9:24) CPalms Lab – The Life of the Party Reading in the Content - The New Alchemy Reading in the Content – Where Do Chemical Elements Come From? Virtual Manipulative – Alpha Decay Virtual Manipulative – Beta Decay Virtual Manipulative – Nuclear Fission Virtual Manipulative – Radioactive Dating Games reactions due to the large amount of energy related to small amounts of mass by equation E =mc2. Explore the theory of electromagnetism by comparing and contrasting the different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of wavelength, frequency, and energy, and relate them to phenomena and applications. SC.912.P.10.10 - Recognize and discuss the effect of each force on the structure of matter and the evidence of it. (Honors ONLY) BrainPop – [username palmbeach and password palmbeach] Radioactivity Nuclear Energy Marie Curie American Chemical Society NBC Learn Scientist Closer to Reaching Nuclear Fusion (1974) KEY TERMS (This list is not limited to all possible vocabulary within a specific unit): Radiation, fusion, fission, chemical reactions, nuclear reactions, alpha particle, beta particle, gamma ray, nuclear reaction, radiation, radioactive decay, radioisotope, renewable resource July 2015 13 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted CHEMISTRY 1 (Regular and Honors) COURSE CODE: 2003340/2003350 Unit#: IV Unit Title: PERIODICITY & BONDING Body of Knowledge: Physical Science Standards: Matter Based on 187 Total Contact Days (1 Day equals approximately 1 class period) Pacing: 18/150 (12%) Schedule Type Pacing (Days) Traditional 18 days Block 9 days Standards Notes: Nature of Science Benchmarks should be taught ALL year. Essential Questions How is the Periodic Table used to identify the distinct properties among the elements? Review Periodic Table from Chapter How does the arrangement of the outer electrons in an atom determine how the atom This unit connects concepts introduced in Unit II and unit V. bonds to others and forms materials? Instructional Resources: (select benchmark specific resource) Textbook Describe the structure of Designing Your Own Periodic Table atoms in terms of protons, SC.912.P.8.3 (3) – Explore the (pg. 137) neutrons and electrons, and scientific theory of atoms (also Demonstration: Comparing differentiate among these known as atomic theory) by particles in terms of mass, describing changes in the atomic Reactivities of Alkaline-Earth electrical charges and model over time and why those Metals (pg. 142) The Mendeleev Lab of 1869 (pg. location within the atom. changes were necessitated by 172) experimental evidence. Determine the valence Types of Bonding in Solids (pg. 216) electrons of an atom using SC.912.P.8.5 (2) – Relate Bohr’s model for elements 1 properties of atoms and their Gizmos to 20. position in the periodic table to Electron Configuration the arrangement of their electrons. Describe the relationship Element Builder between valence electrons SC.912.P.8.6 (2) – Distinguish and the arrangement of the between bonding forces holding Discovery Education (log-in elements in the periodic compounds together and other through BEEP) table. attractive forces, including The First Periodic Table hydrogen bonding and van der Explain how chemical Exploring the Modern Periodic Waals forces. properties depend on Table valence electrons. Using the Modern Periodic Table Apply basic rules of Bonds and Molecular Structure electron configuration to (6:31) determine the valence Sticky: Attractive Forces (5:16) electrons of an atom and Physical Science Series: Chemical their chemical and physical Bonding (18:46) properties. Introduction to Chemical Describe why atoms come Bonding (1:15) Essential Content July 2015 Benchmarks (DOK): Objectives and Skills www.floridastandards.org Instructional Strategies: (recommended activities and labs) Magnet Summaries (CRISS) Benchmark Clarifications / Learning goals (BC) & Content Limits (CL) SC.912.P.8.3 - Describe the historical importance of atomic theory from Dalton Use content reading passages to (atomic theory), Thomson (the electron), complete the following, Main Rutherford (the nucleus and gold foil Idea – Detail Notes or Conclusion experiment), and Bohr (planetary model of –Support Notes atom), and understand how each discovery leads to modern atomic theory. Student Centered Activities such as All In the Family card game MAFS.K12.MP.4 – Model with mathematics. Enrichment Activities VSEPR Theory SC.912.P.8.5 - Use the periodic table and Science Fair electron configuration to determine an Science Olympiad element’s number of valence electrons and EPICS its chemical and physical properties. Explain how chemical properties depend almost entirely on the configuration of the outer electron shell. SC.912.P.8.6 - Describe how atoms combine to form molecules through ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonding. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the interactions between atoms in ionic and covalent compounds and how these bonds form. Use electronegativity to explain the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds. 14 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted together to form chemical bonds. Atoms and Bonding (1:40) Electrons and Energy Levels (1:01) Stability and Chemical Bonds (1:37) Common Types of Atomic Bonds (7:22) SC.912.P.8.7 - Write chemical formulas for simple covalent (HCl, SO2, CO2, and CH4), ionic (Na+ + Cl- NaCl) and molecular (O2, H2O) compounds. Predict the formulas of ionic compounds based on the number of valence electrons and the charges on the ions. CPalms Card Game – All In the Family MEA – Rodent Infestation BrainPop – [username palmbeach and password palmbeach] Periodic Table American Chemical Society Content Reading - Discovery of Oxygen Content Reading - The Discovery of Fullerenes Content Reading - Smartphones: Smart Chemistry Lesson Plan -The Periodic Table Lesson Plan - The Periodic Table and Energy Models Lesson Plan – Energy Levels, Electrons, and Covalent Bonding Lesson Plan – Energy Levels, Electrons, and Ionic Bonding Lesson Plan – Represent Bonding with Lewis Dot Diagrams PHeT Molecule Shapes: Basics KEY TERMS (This list is not limited to all possible vocabulary within a specific unit): anion, cation, chemical bond, conductivity, covalent, bond, covalent bond, delocalized electrons, diatomic molecule, electrolyte, electron dot, electronegativity, formula unit, intermolecular forces, intramolecular forces, ionic bond, Lewis dot structure, metallic bond, molecule, monatomic ion, oxidation number, polar covalent, polyatomic ion, solubility, structural formula. July 2015 15 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted Essential Content Benchmarks (DOK): Objectives and Skills www.floridastandards.org Describe why atoms come together to form chemical SC.912.P.8.6 (2) – Distinguish bonds. between bonding forces holding compounds together and other Distinguish between ionic, attractive forces, including covalent bonds and metallic hydrogen bonding and van der bonds and explain how they Waals forces. are formed. Determine experimentally SC.912.P.8.7 (2) – Interpret formula representations of the properties of ionic, molecules and compounds in covalent, and metallic terms of composition and substances. structure. Use electronegativity to explain the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds. Draw Lewis structures for simple molecules and molecules with multiple bonds. Distinguish between bonding forces holding compounds together and other attractive forces, including hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. Determine experimentally how different types of intermolecular forces affect the rate of evaporation. Instructional Resources: (select benchmark specific resource) Textbook Designing Your Own Periodic Table (pg. 137) Demonstration: Comparing Reactivities of Alkaline-Earth Metals (pg. 142) The Mendeleev Lab of 1869 (pg. 172) Gizmos Electron Configuration Element Builder Discovery Education (log-in through BEEP) The First Periodic Table Exploring the Modern Periodic Table Using the Modern Periodic Table Bonds and Molecular Structure (6:31) Sticky: Attractive Forces (5:16) Physical Science Series: Chemical Bonding (18:46) Introduction to Chemical Bonding (1:15) Atoms and Bonding (1:40) Electrons and Energy Levels (1:01) Stability and Chemical Bonds (1:37) Common Types of Atomic Bonds (7:22) CPalms Card Game – All In the Family MEA – Rodent Infestation American Chemical Society July 2015 Instructional Strategies: (recommended activities and labs) Magnet Summaries (CRISS) Main Idea – Detail Notes Use the Predict Observe Explain strategy to Predict: Which alkaline Earth metal is the most reactive? [Demonstration] Use RACE reading response strategy to answer the following question: How is the Periodic Table Organized? [Restate, Answer, Cite Evidence, and Explain] use after note-taking or reading pgs. 133-144. For lower level readers jigsaw the passage or share PowerPoint Claims-Evidence Lab Report for the Mendeleev Lab of 1869 use rubric to grade. Enrichment Activities Science Fair Science Olympiad EPICS Benchmark Clarifications / Learning goals (BC) & Content Limits (CL) SC.912.P.8.3 - Describe the historical importance of atomic theory from Dalton (atomic theory), Thomson (the electron), Rutherford (the nucleus and gold foil experiment), and Bohr (planetary model of atom), and understand how each discovery leads to modern atomic theory. SC.912.P.8.5 - Use the periodic table and electron configuration to determine an element’s number of valence electrons and its chemical and physical properties. Explain how chemical properties depend almost entirely on the configuration of the outer electron shell. SC.912.P.8.6 - Describe how atoms combine to form molecules through ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonding. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the interactions between atoms in ionic and covalent compounds and how these bonds form. Use electronegativity to explain the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds. SC.912.P.8.7 - Write chemical formulas for simple covalent (HCl, SO2, CO2, and CH4), ionic (Na+ + Cl- NaCl) and molecular (O2, H2O) compounds. Predict the formulas of ionic compounds based on the number of valence electrons and the charges on the ions. 16 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted Content Reading - Discovery of Oxygen Content Reading - The Discovery of Fullerenes Content Reading - Smartphones: Smart Chemistry Lesson Plan -The Periodic Table Lesson Plan - The Periodic Table and Energy Models Lesson Plan – Energy Levels, Electrons, and Covalent Bonding Lesson Plan – Energy Levels, Electrons, and Ionic Bonding Lesson Plan – Represent Bonding with Lewis Dot Diagrams NBC Learn The Dirt of Ammonia as a Cleaning Agent KEY TERMS (This list is not limited to all possible vocabulary within a specific unit): anion, cation, chemical bond, conductivity, covalent, bond, covalent bond, delocalized electrons, diatomic molecule, electrolyte, electron dot, electronegativity, formula unit, intermolecular forces, intramolecular forces, ionic bond, Lewis dot structure, metallic bond, molecule, monatomic ion, oxidation number, polar covalent, polyatomic ion, solubility, structural formula. July 2015 17 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted CHEMISTRY 1 (Regular and Honors) COURSE CODE: 2003340/2003350 Unit#: V Unit Title: CHEMICAL FORMULAS & REACTIONS Body of Knowledge: Physical Science Standards: Matter, Energy Based on 187 Total Contact Days (1 Day equals approximately 1 class period) Pacing: 18/150 (12%) Schedule Type Pacing (Days) Traditional 18 days Block 9 days Standards Notes: Nature of Science Benchmarks should be taught ALL year. Essential Questions 1. How does the configuration of the electrons in an atom determine (a.) what Review Periodic Table from Chapter reactions can occur between atoms, (b.) how much energy is required to get the VSEPR Theory reaction to happen, and (c.) how much energy is released in the reaction? In Ch. 18 students will learn about reversible reactions that lead to chemical equilibrium 2. How is “quantity”, measured based on chemical formulas? 3. How is a balanced chemical equation written and in what ways does it illustrate the Law of Conservation of Mass? Essential Content Describe why atoms come together to form chemical bonds. Distinguish between ionic, covalent bonds and metallic bonds and explain how they are formed. Determine experimentally the properties of ionic, covalent, and metallic substances. Use electronegativity to explain the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds. Draw Lewis structures for simple molecules and molecules with multiple bonds. Distinguish between bonding forces holding compounds together and other attractive forces, July 2015 Benchmarks (DOK): Objectives and Skills www.floridastandards.org SC.912.P.8.7 (2) – Interpret formula representations of molecules and compounds in terms of composition and structure. SC.912.P.8.2 (2) – Differentiate between physical and chemical properties and physical and chemical changes of matter. SC.912.P.8.8 (2) – Characterize types of chemical reactions, for example: redox, acid-base, synthesis, and single and double replacement reactions. SC.912.P.10.12 (2) – Differentiate between chemical and nuclear reactions. SC.912.N.1.6 (2) - Describe how scientific inferences are drawn from scientific observations and provide examples from the content being studied. SC.912.N.4.1 (2) - Explain how Instructional Resources: (select benchmark specific resource) Textbooks Lab: Testing Water for Ions (pg. 464-465) Demonstration: Evidence of a Chemical Reaction (pg. 262) Demonstration: Electrolysis of Water (pg.270) Demonstration: Synthesis of a Base from a Metal Oxide (pg. 278) Lab: Single-Displacement Reaction () Lab: Double-Displacement Reaction (pg.282) [micro] QuickLab – Balancing Equations Using Models (pg.284) Gizmos Chemical Equations Balancing Chemical Equations Limiting Reactants The Law of Conservation of Mass Balancing Equations: Forming Water Instructional Strategies: (recommended activities and labs) Create Ion on Flash Cards or complete them digitally using Study Blue (pg. 221) Students debate whether a name, formula, statement or diagram is Ionic or not in “I-On-It or Not”. Use a t-chart or other graphic organizer to organize their learning and conclude with writing assignment. Predict, Observe, Explain with PHeT virtual lab simulation. Model balancing equations using candy, beads, beans or some other type objects. Enrichment Activities Science Fair Science Olympiad EPICS Benchmark Clarifications / Learning goals (BC) & Content Limits (CL) SC.912.P.8.7 - Write chemical formulas for simple covalent (HCl, SO2, CO2, and CH4), ionic (Na+ + Cl- NaCl) and molecular (O2, H2O) compounds. Predict the formulas of ionic compounds based on the number of valence electrons and the charges on the ions. SC.912.P.8.2 - Discuss volume, compressibility, density, conductivity, malleability, reactivity, molecular composition, freezing, melting, and boiling points. Describe simple laboratory techniques that can be used to separate homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures (e.g. filtration, distillation, chromatography, evaporation). SC.912.P.8.8 - Classify chemical reactions as synthesis (combination), decomposition, single displacement (replacement), double displacement, and combustion. SC.912.P.10.12 - Describe how chemical 18 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted including hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. Determine experimentally how different types of intermolecular forces affect the rate of evaporation. Explain the significance of a chemical formula and the meaning of symbols and subscripts. Determine the formula and the name of an ionic compound formed between ions including binary, transition metals and polyatomic ions. Write and name molecular compounds using prefixes. scientific knowledge and reasoning provide an empirically- Discovery Education based perspective to inform Chemical Reactions society's decision making. Chemical Reaction Basics CPalms Lesson Plan - Balancing Chemical Equations Using a Visual Aid Lesson Plan - Dancing Ionic Compounds Lesson Plan - I-On-It (Ionic) or Not? Reading in the Content Area – Surprise: Ordinary Table Salt Turns Into Forbidden’ Forms American Chemical Society reactions involve the rearranging of atoms to form new substances, while nuclear reactions involve the change of atomic nuclei into entirely new atoms. Identify realworld examples where chemical and nuclear reactions occur every day. SC.912.N.1.6 - Collect data/evidence and use tables/graphs to draw conclusions and make inferences based on patterns or trends in the data. MAFS.K12.MP.1 – Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. MAFS.K12.MP.2 – Reason abstractly and quantitatively. NBC Learn BrainPop – [username palmbeach and password palmbeach] Chemical Equations PHeT Virtual Simulation – Balancing Chemical Equations Tutorial – Atoms and Bonding KEY TERMS (This list is not limited to all possible vocabulary within a specific unit): anion, cation, chemical bond, conductivity, covalent, bond, covalent bond, delocalized electrons, diatomic molecule, electrolyte, electron dot, electronegativity, formula unit, intermolecular forces, intramolecular forces, ionic bond, Lewis dot structure, metallic bond, molecule, monatomic ion, oxidation number, polar covalent, polyatomic ion, solubility, structural formula, subscripts, prefix, diatomic molecules. July 2015 19 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted CHEMISTRY 1 (Regular and Honors) Unit#: VI Unit Title: STOICHIOMETRY Body of Knowledge: Physical Science Standards: Matter, Energy Essential Questions 1. How are quantities determined in a chemical reaction? 2. How is the amount of product formed and the reactants used in a chemical reaction calculated? Based on 187 Total Contact Days (1 Day equals approximately 1 class period) Pacing: 20/150 (13%) Schedule Type Pacing (Days) Traditional 20 days Block 10 days Standards Notes: Nature of Science Benchmarks should be taught ALL year. Benchmarks (DOK): Objectives Instructional Resources: and Skills (select benchmark specific www.floridastandards.org resource) (Review) Interpret formula SC.912.N.1.5 (2) - Describe and Textbook representations of molecules provide examples of how similar Demonstration: Mass Relationships and compounds in terms of investigations conducted in many in Chemical Reactions p.300 Lesson Starter p.304 composition and structure. parts of the world result in the Foldable for Calculations same outcome. (Review) Predict the Demonstration p.312 formulas of ionic SC.912.N.2.5 (3) - Describe Quick Lab: Limiting Reactants in a compounds based on the instances in which scientists' Recipe p. 316 number of valence electrons varied backgrounds, talents, and the charges of the ions. interests, and goals influence the Lab: Stoichiometry and Gravimetric Analysis p. 326-327 inferences and thus the Develop the concept of explanations that they make about mole as a counting unit. Gizmos Use formulas of compounds observations of natural Stoichiometry to find the formula mass and phenomena and describe that Limiting Reactants competing interpretations the molar mass. (explanations) of scientists are a Use dimensional analysis to strength of science as they are a Discovery Education determine number of The Mole and Conversion source of new, testable ideas that particles for elements and Methods have the potential to add new compounds using the mole evidence to support one or another What is Stoichiometry? concept, in terms of number of the explanations. Balancing Equations of particles, mass, and the SC.912.P.8.9 (3) - Apply the mole Molar conversions volume of an ideal gas at concept and the law of specified conditions of Mass-Mass Conversions conservation of mass to calculate temperature and pressure. Mass Percent and Empirical quantities of chemicals Use experimental data to Formulas participating in reactions. determine, empirical Limiting Reactants formulas, molecular Lewis Structures Essential Content COURSE CODE: 2003340/2003350 July 2015 Instructional Strategies: (recommended activities and labs) Hook/engage students using the Making Menus lesson plan. Student centered activity which engages students in a little bit of competition using Mole Relay lesson plan. Benchmark Clarifications / Learning goals (BC) & Content Limits (CL) SC.912.N.1.5 - Recognize that contributions to science can be made and have been made by people from all over the world. SC.912.N.2.5 - Recognize that scientific questions, observations, and conclusions may be influenced by the existing state of scientific knowledge, the social and cultural Modeling bonding using students. context of the researcher, and the observer’s experiences and expectations. Identify Use Predict, Observe, Explain possible bias in qualitative and quantitative (POE) strategy to have students data analysis. conceptualize what happens when you don’t have enough SC.912.P.8.9 - Recognize one mole equals ingredients to make a specific 6.02 x 1023 particles (atoms or molecules). product in a recipe. Determine number of particles for elements and compounds using the mole concept, in RACE – Have students answer terms of number of particles, mass, and the the following question using the volume of an ideal gas at specified RACE method. How does conditions of temperature and pressure. Use stoichiometry relate to the Law of experimental data to determine percent yield, Conservation of Mass? empirical formulas, molecular formulas, and calculate the mass-to-mass stoichiometry for a chemical reaction. Enrichment Activities Science Fair Science Olympiad EPICS 20 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted formulas Analyze balance chemical equations in terms of mole ratio of reactants and products. Identify and solve mass-tomass stoichiometry problems. Differentiate theoretical yield from actual yield. Determine the percent yield of a given chemical reaction. The Octet Rule ad Atomic Bonding Covalent Bonds and Electronegativity Intermolecular Forces Chemical Bonding: Valence Electrons CPalms Lesson Plan - Making Menus Lesson Plan – Mass Mole Relationships: A Statistical Approach to Accuracy and Precision Lesson Plan – Mole Relay Virtual Manipulative – American Chemical Society Represent Bonding with Lewis Dot Diagrams PHeT Reactants, Products, and Leftovers KEY TERMS (This list is not limited to all possible vocabulary within a specific unit): Atomic mass unit, Avogadro’s number, ionic compound (formula unit), molecule, atom, gas, particle, element, volume, temperature, pressure, ideal gas, empirical formula, molecular formula, empirical formula, molar mass, mole, molecular formula, Mole ratio, stoichiometry, molar mass, mole, mole ratio, molecular formula, compound, molecule, atom, aqueous, chemical equation, coefficient,, Law of Conservation of Matter (mass), Precipitate, product, theoretical yield, actual yield, percent yield. July 2015 21 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted CHEMISTRY 1 (Regular and Honors) COURSE CODE: 2003340/2003350 Unit#: VII Unit Title: STATES OF MATTER Body of Knowledge: Physical Science Body of Knowledge: Life Science Standards: Matter, Energy, Motion Standards: Interdependence Essential Questions 1. How does the kinetic molecular theory explain the behavior of gases? Essential Content Describe molecular motion and the effect of temperature. Develop the conceptual understanding of the KMT. (Describe why particles move and what happens to particles when they move). Analyze the structure of matter in solid, liquid and gas states based on the kinetic molecular theory. Relate temperature to average molecular kinetic theory. Describe how structure and properties of a solid are related Differentiate among the four states of matter in terms of energy, particle motion and phase transitions. Compare and contrast the role of intra- and intermolecular forces in the structure of matter. July 2015 Benchmarks (DOK): Objectives and Skills www.floridastandards.org SC.912.P.8.1 (2) – Differentiate among the four states of matter. SC.912.P.8.2 (2) - Differentiate between physical and chemical properties and physical and chemical changes of matter. SC.912.P.12.11 (2) - Describe phase transitions in terms of kinetic molecular theory. Based on 187 Total Contact Days (1 Day equals approximately 1 class period) Pacing: 12/150 (8%) Schedule Type Pacing (Days) Traditional 12 days Block 6 days Standards Notes: Nature of Science Benchmarks should be taught ALL year. SC.912.P.10.5 (2) – Relate temperature to the average molecular kinetic energy. (Honors ONLY) Instructional Resources: (select benchmark specific resource) Textbook Visual Concepts for Chap 10.1 States of Matter Demonstrations as shown in figures p.334-335 Demonstration: Dry Ice Sublimation Lab: Heating Curve for Water Lab: “Wet” Dry Ice p. 358-359 Gizmos Freezing Point of Salt Water Phases of Water Temperature and Particle Motion Discovery Education States of Matter: Intermolecular forces CPalms Lesson Plan – States of Matter Lesson Plan – Heating Curve of Water PHeT States of Matter Gas Properties Instructional Strategies: (recommended activities and labs) Laboratory explorations are important for this unit. Ensure that students are gaining understanding of benchmarks from completion of labs. Picture Inquiry – Give students images of phase diagrams with labeled axes only. What do you think is happening in the phase diagram? Do you think that this phase diagram would be the same for any substance? Enrichment Activities Science Fair Science Olympiad EPICS Benchmark Clarifications / Learning goals (BC) & Content Limits (CL) SC.912.P.8.1 - Differentiate among the four states of matter (solid, liquid, gas and plasma) in terms of energy, particle motion, and phase transitions. (Note: Currently five states of matter have been identified.) SC.912.P.8.2 - Discuss volume, compressibility, density, conductivity, malleability, reactivity, molecular composition, freezing, melting and boiling points. Describe simple laboratory techniques that can be used to separate homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures (e.g. filtration, distillation, chromatography, evaporation). SC.912.P.12.11 - Explain, at the molecular level, the behavior of matter as it undergoes phase transitions. SC.912.P.10.5 – Recognize that the internal energy of an object includes the energy of random motion of the object’s atoms and molecules, often referred to as thermal energy. 22 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted Distinguish between bonding forces holding compounds together and other attractive forces, including hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. Use electronegativity to explain the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds. Describe phase transitions in terms of kinetic molecular theory. Apply the concepts of temperature, kinetic and potential energy in explaining phase changes. Draw and label a phase change graphic. KEY TERMS (This list is not limited to all possible vocabulary within a specific unit): Solid, boiling, change of state, condensation, conservation of energy, phases, dipole-dipole forces, (Van der Waals) forces, electrostatic forces, energy, hydrogen bonding, induced dipole, intermolecular forces, intramolecular forces, liquid, melting, phases, polarity, solid, states of matter, vapor, freezing point, boiling point, vaporization, temperature, absolute zero, phase diagram, volume, compressibility, reactivity, malleability. July 2015 23 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted CHEMISTRY 1 (Regular and Honors) COURSE CODE: 2003340/2003350 Unit#: VIII Unit Title: ACIDS AND BASES Body of Knowledge: Physical Science Body of Knowledge: Life Science Standards: Matter Standards: Interdependence Based on 187 Total Contact Days (1 Day equals approximately 1 class period) Pacing: 14/150 (9%) Schedule Type Pacing (Days) Traditional 14 days Block 7 days Standards Notes: Nature of Science Benchmarks should be taught ALL year. Essential Questions 1. How are the properties of acids, bases, and salts different from one another and SC.912.N.4.2 (3) – Weigh the merits of alternative strategies for solving a specific societal how do they behave? problem by comparing a number of different costs and benefits, such as human, economic, and environmental.[Honors Only] Benchmarks (DOK): Objectives Instructional Resources: and Skills (select benchmark specific www.floridastandards.org resource) Identify properties of acids SC.912.L.18.12 (2) – Discuss the Textbooks and bases. special properties of water that Differentiated Instruction: contribute to Earth's suitability as Recommended Activities and Classify solutions as acidic, an environment for life: cohesive Labs. basic or neutral. behavior, ability to moderate Quick Lab: Household Acids & Define acids and bases using temperature, expansion upon Bases p. 472 the Arrhenius theory. freezing, and versatility as a Lab: Is It an Acid or a Base? P. Predict the products of solvent. 496-497 neutralization reactions. Lab: Testing pH of solutions Explain the strength of acids SC.912.N.4.1 (2) – Explain how scientific knowledge and with pH paper and bases from the reasoning provide an empirically- Demonstration: pH change in perspective of ionization. based perspective to inform an Acid-Base Titration p. 517 Recognize the product of an society's decision making. acid and a base as a salt and Lab: How Much Calcium [MAFS.K12.MP.1, water. Carbonate Is in an Eggshell? P. 528 Calculate the pH and pOH of MAFS.K12.MP.2] SC.912.P.8.8 (2) – Characterize aqueous solutions. types of chemical reactions, for Gizmos Explain the process of example: redox, acid-base, pH Analysis neutralization. synthesis, and single and double pH Analysis Quad Color Indicator Describe how an indicator replacement reactions. works. SC.912.P.8.11 (2) - Relate acidity Discovery Education and basicity to hydronium and Properties of Acids and Bases hydroxyl ion concentration and Acids and Bases pH. The pH Scale Arrhenius’ Definition of Acids and Essential Content July 2015 Instructional Strategies: (recommended activities and labs) Graphic Organizer – Compare and contrast the Arrhenius and Lewis definitions of Acids and Bases. 2-column notes on the properties of acids and bases. POE - Have students sort various household chemicals into groups: acids, bases, or neutral substances. In their notebook create 3-columns. In the first column name the substance, second column write prediction (acid, base, neutral) plus qualitative observations of the chemical (look, smell (waft)), use litmus paper or Gizmo to observe the pH using litmus paper. In final column explain with evidence whether the substance was an acid, base, or neutral substance and what properties support that conclusion. Benchmark Clarifications / Learning goals (BC) & Content Limits (CL) Benchmark Clarification SC.912.18.12 – Students will explain the properties of water at a conceptual level. Students will explain how the properties make water essential for life on Earth. Content Limits SC.912.L.18.12 – Items referring to the properties of water are limited to hydrogen bonding, polarity, cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent. Annually assessed on Biology EOC. SC.912.N.4.1 - Recognize that no single universal step-by-step scientific method captures the complexity of doing science. A number of shared values and perspectives characterize a scientific approach. SC.912.P.8.8 - Classify chemical reactions as synthesis (combination), decomposition, single displacement (replacement), double displacement, and combustion. SC.912.P.8.11 – Use experimental data to 24 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted Bases Lab: Titration Lab (Hydrochloric illustrate and explain the pH scale to Acid and Sodium Hydroxide) characterize acid and base solutions. Compare and contrast the strengths of CPalms Lesson Plans – Acids, Bases, and pH Enrichment Activities various common acids and bases. Lesson Plans – Investigating the pH Science Fair of Soils Science Olympiad SC.912.N.4.2 - Identify examples of Teaching Idea – Zip-lock Bag EPICS technologies, objects, and processes that Reactions have been modified to advance society, and explain why and how they were modified. PhET Interactive Simulations – Discuss ethics in scientific research to Acid-Base Solutions advance society (e.g. global climate change, pH Scale historical development of medicine and medical practices).(Honors ONLY) KEY TERMS (This list is not limited to all possible vocabulary within a specific unit): acid, base, amphoteric, Arrhenius model, Bronsted-Lowry model, conjugate acid, conjugate base, dissociation, end point, equivalence point, hydronium ion, indicator, ionization constant, neutralization, pH, salt, strong acid, strong base, titration, weak acid, weak base, hydroxyl ion. July 2015 25 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted CHEMISTRY 1 (Regular and Honors) COURSE CODE: 2003340/2003350 Unit#: IX Unit Title: REACTION ENERGY & KINETICS Based on 187 Total Contact Days (1 Day equals approximately 1 class period) Body of Knowledge: Physical Science Pacing: 14/150 (9%) Standards: Energy Schedule Type Pacing (Days) Traditional 14 days Block 7 days Standards Notes: Nature of Science Benchmarks should be taught ALL year. Essential Questions 1. What factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction? Students may think that the first step is the slowest step in reaction mechanism. 2. How are matter and energy transformed and conserved even though their form SC.912.P.10.6 (3) – Create and interpret potential energy diagrams, for example: and location undergo continual change? chemical reactions, orbits around a central body, motion of a pendulum. (Honors ONLY) Benchmarks (DOK): Objectives Instructional Resources: and Skills (select benchmark specific resource) www.floridastandards.org Use collision theory and SC.912.P.10.1 (2) – Differentiate Textbook Demonstration: Boiling water in a activation energy to among the various forms of Paper cup p. 532 describe the mechanisms by energy and recognize that they which chemical reaction can be transformed from one form Demonstration: Hess’s Law p. 540 Lab: Calorimetry and Hess’s Law takes place. to others. p.558-559 Review the factors that SC.912.P.10.2 (3) – Explore the influence the rate of a Law of Conservation of Energy Demonstration p. 563 Demonstration: Decomposition and chemical reaction. by differentiating among open, closed, and isolated systems and Catalysts p. 571 Describe the rate based on explain that the total energy in an Quick Lab: Factors Influencing experimental data, and Reaction Rate p. 578 isolated system is a conserved relates the reaction rate to Lab: Rate of a Chemical Reaction p. quantity. the mechanism of the 586 reaction. SC.912.P.10.5 (2) – Relate temperature to the average Laboratory Investigation molecular kinetic energy. Factors Affecting Reaction Rate SC.912.P.10.7 (2) – Distinguish Potential/Kinetic Energy Simulation between endothermic and exothermic chemical processes. SC.912.P.12.12 (3) – Explain how Gizmos (Need subscription) various factors, such as concentration, temperature, and Collision Theory presence of a catalyst affect the PHeT – rate of a chemical reaction. Energy Transformations Essential Content July 2015 Instructional Strategies: (recommended activities and labs) Graphic Organizer – Use PHeT simulation to differentiate various forms of energy. Benchmark Clarifications / Learning goals (BC) & Content Limits (CL) SC.912.P.10.1 – Differentiate between kinetic and potential energy. Recognize that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. Identify examples of Brainstorm in collaborative transformation of energy: Heat to light in groups multiple transformations incandescent electric light bulbs, Light to of energy in everyday life. heat in laser drills, Electrical to sound in radios, Sound to electrical in microphones, POE – Which substance do you electrical to chemical in batter rechargers, think will dissolve the fastest? Chemical to electrical in dry cells, Sugar Cubes, sugar granules or Mechanical to electrical in generators [power you can use candies. plants], Nuclear to heat in nuclear reactors, Gravitational potential energy of a falling Inquiry – Allow students to set object is converted to kinetic energy then to up their own lab to test a factor heat and sound energy when the object hits and its influence on reaction rate the ground. or which factor influence the most. Review rules of scientific SC.912.P.10.2 – Use calorimetry to illustrate investigation. conservation of energy. Differentiate between the different types of systems and solve problems involving conservation of Enrichment Activities Science Fair energy in simple systems (Physics). Explain Science Olympiad how conservation of energy is important in EPICS chemical reactions with bond formation and 26 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted Discovery Education NBC Learn Producing Biofuels May Worsen, Not Lessen, Carbon Dioxide Emissions Black Carbon bond breaking (Chemistry). SC.912.P.10.5 – Recognize that the internal energy of an object includes the energy of random motion of the object’s atoms and molecules, often referred to as thermal energy. SC.912.P.10.6 – Construct and interpret energy diagrams for endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions, and for rising or falling objects. Describe the transformation of energy as a pendulum swings. (Honors ONLY) SC.912.P.10.7 – Classify chemical reactions and phase changes as exothermic (release thermal energy) or endothermic (absorb thermal energy). SC.912.P.12.12 – Various factors could include: temperature, pressure, solvent and/or solute concentration, sterics, surface area, and catalysts. The rate of reaction is determined by the activation energy, and the pathway of the reaction can be shorter in the presence of enzymes or catalysts. Examples may include: decomposition of hydrogen peroxide using manganese (IV) oxide, nitration of benzene using concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrogenation of a C=C double bond using nickel. KEY TERMS (This list is not limited to all possible vocabulary within a specific unit): Reaction mechanism, intermediates, collision theory, activation energy, activated complex, homogeneous reactions, heterogeneous reactions, surface area, temperature, concentration, catalyst (homogeneous or heterogeneous), order, rate constant, rate-determining step, rate law. July 2015 27 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted CHEMISTRY 1 (Regular and Honors) COURSE CODE: 2003340/2003350 Unit#: X Unit Title: CHEMISTRY & UNIFYING THEMES Based on 187 Total Contact Days (1 Day equals approximately 1 class period) Body of Knowledge: Physical Science Body of Knowledge: Life Science Pacing: 12/150 (8%) Standard: Matter and Motion Standard: Interdependence Schedule Type Pacing (Days) Traditional 12 days Block 6 days Standards Notes: Nature of Science Benchmarks should be taught ALL year. Essential Questions 1. What factors affect phase equilibrium on a molecular level? Students may need a review of the concepts of electron configurations (ch. 4), 2. How does chemistry connect with the concepts of evolution and Earth’s suitability hybridization and covalent bonding (ch. 6) and intermolecular attraction with liquids for life? and solids (ch. 12) SC.912.P.8.12 (2) - Describe the properties of the carbon atom that make the diversity of carbon compounds possible. (Honors ONLY) SC.912.L.17.15 (2) - Discuss the effects of technology on environmental quality. (Honors ONLY) SC.912.L.17.19 (2) - Describe how different natural resources are produced and how their rates of use and renewal limit availability. (Honors ONLY) Essential Content Benchmarks (DOK): Objectives and Skills www.floridastandards.org Instructional Resources: (select benchmark specific resource) PowerPoint Presentation – Renewable Define reversible vs. Nonrenewable Resources reactions, the state of PowerPoint Presentation – Energy equilibrium, and K, the Conservation equilibrium constant. SC.912.P.12.13 (3) - Explain the Describe how equilibria concept of dynamic equilibrium in Gizmos (Need Subscription) shifts in response to terms of reversible processes Energy Conversions changes in concentration, occurring at the same rates. Dehydration Synthesis pressure, and temperature SC.912.N.3.2 (2) - Describe the and discuss the commonrole consensus plays in the Discovery Education (Login through ion effect. historical development of a theory BEEP) Describe the equilibria of in any one of the disciplines of The Carbon Cycle: Fossil fuels acids, bases, and salts. science. Addresses the effect that human use of Discuss solubility fossil fuels has had and continues to equilibria and explain have on the planet. Fluctuation in calculations involving the global temperatures is a natural solubility product. process, part of the greenhouse effect, Describes carbon bonding July 2015 Instructional Strategies: (recommended activities and labs) Reading Interactive Resource – Reading Comprehension Passage (Renewable/Nonrenewable Resources) Graphic Organizer – Students should read Section 2: Hydrocarbons and organize the information in a table titled “Organic Compounds”. Include information on structural characteristics, naming, properties, uses, and examples. Student Centered Instruction – Benchmark Clarifications / Learning goals (BC) & Content Limits (CL) SC.912.P.12.13 - Identify and explain the factors that affect the rate of dissolving (e.g., temperature, concentration, surface area, pressure, mixing). Explain that equilibrium is established when forward and reversereaction rates are equal. SC.912.N.3.2 - Recognize that scientific argument, disagreement, discourse, and discussion create a broader and more accurate understanding of natural processes and events. 28 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted as the key to the diversity of organic compounds, and introduces structural formulas and isomers. Identify functional groups and classes of organic compounds. Determine the properties of and uses of each. Discusses the properties and functions of carbohydrates and lipids. Describe amino acids and polypeptides and explains how amino acid side chains influence protein structure and function. Discuss how ATP is used as an energy source for making new molecules. Describes the structure and replication of DNA and discusses how proteins are made. but humans are burning fossil fuels too quickly for the Earth to keep up. The result is an increase in the output of carbon dioxide, which is causing global warming. Elements of Chemistry: Carbon: The Element of Life - All matter follows the same scientific principles, but there are significant differences in the chemical make-up of organic and inorganic substances. Life as we know it could not exist without the element carbon. It provides the backbone of every living molecule. This program focuses on the unusual properties of carbon and shows how it is able to combine with other elements to produce the vast number of organic compounds from hydrocarbons to the molecules in human tissues. Achievements in Biotechnology Part 1 - An overview of important advances in biotechnology is given including the use of DNA to solve criminal investigations both new and old. Achievements in Biotechnology Part 2 - An overview of important advances in biotechnology including the future this technology may have a bigger impact than the Industrial Revolution. YouTube Heal, Feed, Sustain: How Biotechnology Can Help Save the World CPalms Virtual Manipulative – Chemical Equilibrium Virtual Manipulative – The Meaning of Equilibrium Constant Virtual Manipulative – Reversible Reactions July 2015 Carbon Cycle Game Scientific Argumentation – Assign half of the students to be for and the other half against the following statement: “Should humans and corporations be limited by government in their use of fossil fuels that release greenhouse gases into our atmosphere?” Students will research to cite evidence of their claim. Enrichment Activities Science Fair Science Olympiad EPICS 29 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted Video –Climate Connections Global Warming: All About Carbon American Chemical Society Reading in the Content Area – Graphene: The Next Wonder Material Reading in the Content Area – Do Diamonds Really Come from Coal? KEY TERMS (This list is not limited to all possible vocabulary within a specific unit): reversible reactions, equilibrium constant, chemical equilibrium expression, organic compounds, catenation, hydrocarbons, alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, isomers, petroleum resources (715), molecular clocks (762), environmental impact, nucleic acid, Deoxyribonucleic Acid, Ribonucleic Acid, clone. July 2015 30 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted These standards from the course description should be placed at the end of the IFC-Curriculum Map Florida Standards Each unit will incorporate Florida Standards while covering the required content. The particular core standard implemented will depend on the instructional strategy implemented. LAFS.1112.SL.1.1 – Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, teacher –led) with diverse partners on grades 11-12 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. LAFS.1112.SL.1.2 – Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source. LAFS.1112.SL.1.3 – Evaluate a speaker’s point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, identifying any fallacious reasoning or exaggerated or distorted evidence. LAFS.1112.SL.2.4 – Present information, findings, and supporting evidence clearly, concisely, and logically such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, audience, and task. LAFS.1112.SL.2.5 – Make strategic use of digital media (e.g., textual, graphical, audio, visual, and interactive elements) in presentations to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence and to add interest. MAFS.912.F-IF.2.4 –For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity MAFS.912.F-IF.3.7 – Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. ELD.K12.ELL.1.1 – English language learners communicate for social and instructional purposes within the school setting. ELD.K12.ELL.XX.1 – English language learners communicate information, ideas and concepts necessary for academic success in the content area of Science. MAFS.912.G-MG.1.2- Apply concepts of density based on area and volume in modeling situations (e.g., persons per square mile, BTUs per cubic foot). ★ LAFS.1112.RST.1.1 – MAFS.912.S-ID.1.1 – Represent data with plots on the real number line (dot plots, histograms, and box plots). MAFS.912.S-ID.1.2 – Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets. MAFS.912.S-ID.1.3 – Interpret differences in shape, center, and spread in the context of the data sets, accounting for possible effects of extreme data points (outliers). MAFS.912.S-ID.1.4 – Use the mean and standard deviation of a data set to fit it to a normal distribution and to estimate population percentages. Recognize that there are data sets for which such a procedure is not appropriate. Use calculators, spreadsheets, and tables to estimate areas under the normal curve. MAFS.912.S-ID.2.5 – Summarize categorical data for two categories in two-way frequency tables. Interpret relative frequencies in the context of the data (including joint, marginal, and conditional relative frequencies). Recognize possible associations and trends in the data. MAFS.912.S-ID.2.6 – Represent data on two quantitative variables on a scatter plot, and describe how the variables are related. MAFS.912.S-IC.2.6 - Evaluate reports based on data. LAFS.1112.RST.1.2 – Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to the precise details of explanations or descriptions. LAFS.1112.RST.1.3 – Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; trace the text’s explanation or depiction of a complex process, phenomenon, or concept; provide an accurate summary of the text. LAFS.1112.RST.2.4 – Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 9–10 texts and topics. LAFS.1112.RST.2.5 – Analyze the structure of the relationships among concepts in a text, including relationships among key terms (e.g., force, friction, reaction force, and energy). July 2015 31 CHEMISTRY I: Curriculum Map – Instructional Focus Calendar School Board of Broward County Florida – Department of Math, Science, and Gifted LAFS.1112.RST.2.6 – Analyze the author’s purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text, defining the question the author seeks to address. LAFS.1112.RST.3.7 – Translate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text into visual form (e.g., a table or chart) and translate information expressed visually or mathematically (e.g., in an equation) into words. LAFS.1112.RST.3.8 – Assess the extent to which the reasoning and evidence in a text support the author’s claim or a recommendation for solving a scientific or technical problem. LAFS.1112.RST.3.9 – Compare and contrast findings presented in a text to those from other sources (including their own experiments), noting when the findings support or contradict previous explanations or accounts. LAFS.1112.RST.4.10 – By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9–10 text complexity band independently and proficiently. LAFS.1112.WHST.1.1 – Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content. LAFS.1112.WHST.1.2 – Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. LAFS.1112.WHST.2.4 – Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. LAFS.1112.WHST.2.5 – Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. LAFS.1112.WHST.2.6 – Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology’s capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically. LAFS.1112.WHST.3.7 – Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. LAFS.1112.WHST.3.8 – Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation. LAFS.1112.WHST.3.9 – Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. LAFS.1112.WHST.4.10 – Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of disciplinespecific tasks, purposes, and audiences. MAFS.912.N-Q.1.1 – Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. MAFS.912.N-Q.1.3 - Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities. July 2015