MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Representative democracy is a form of indirect democracy that is also commonly referred to as a. a republican form of government. b. a monarchy. c. tyranny. d. Greek democracy. e. theocracy.
2. The core of political participation in a functional democracy is a. impeachment. d. the media. b. taxation. c. elections and voting. e. free speech.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 420
TOP: Name Recognition as a Voting Cue: Now & Then NOT: factual
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 420
TOP: Name Recognition as a Voting Cue: Now & Then NOT: conceptual
3. The first United States president who was also the son of a previous president was a. George Washington in 1792. b. Thomas Jefferson in 1800. c. Abraham Lincoln in 1860.
ANS: D PTS: 1 d. John Quincy Adams in 1824. e. George Walker Bush in 2000.
REF: p. 419
TOP: Name Recognition as a Voting Cue: Now & Then
Congress and speak to an issue.
NOT: factual
4. What is the primary characteristic of representative democracy? a. Each citizen has a right to appear before d. The people do not directly rule but they have the opportunity to exercise power indirectly by choosing those whom they b. Only selected and properly trained citizens are allowed to vote. wish to lead them. e. A monarch rules for the citizens. c. Citizens do not have a vote, since representatives are appointed for that purpose.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 420
TOP: Name Recognition as a Voting Cue: Now & Then NOT: factual
5. What is a core principle underlying representative democracy whereby the choice supported by the most voters is the choice that prevails, regardless of whether everyone favors or agrees with the choice? a. elections b. majoritarianism d. free will e. realism c. rule of law
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 420
TOP: Name Recognition as a Voting Cue: Now & Then NOT: factual
6. How is “consent of the governed” determined in a representative democracy?

a. True consent can never be determined. d. It is determined by a ruling of the
Supreme Court. b. Majority rule is determined by an election. e. It is determined by the wishes and desires of Congress. c. It is determined by proclamation of the president.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 420
TOP: Name Recognition as a Voting Cue: Now & Then NOT: factual
7. If a particular group does not yet have the right to vote, that group does not have a. suffrage. b. democratic ideals. c. voter preference. d. majoritarianism. e. universal suffrage.
ANS: A PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure of Voting
REF: p. 421
NOT: applied
8. Beyond voting, citizens participate in the political process in many other ways. Which of the following would NOT be included in a list of common and legitimate methods of citizen participation? a. contributing time and money to a d. holding rallies in public places to protest campaign b. supporting opposition groups outside of public policies e. launching economic boycotts to protest a city’s policies the United States that oppose its system of government c. writing letters that are critical of the president’s policies to newspaper editors
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 420
TOP: Name Recognition as a Voting Cue: Now & Then NOT: applied
9. The system of voting, including the mechanisms by which voting procedures are actually carried out, is a function of a. political parties. b. state governments. c. city and county governments. d. the candidates’ campaigns. e. Congress.
ANS: B PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 421
NOT: factual
10. What is meant when a certain group of citizens is “given the franchise”? a. The citizens are granted suffrage, or the right to vote. b. The citizens are granted legal alien status with all the rights attached. d. The citizens are granted more rights than other groups. e. Certain groups of citizens are targeted for criminal prosecution. c. Certain low-income citizens are assisted by the federal government in establishing small businesses.
ANS: A PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 421
NOT: factual
11. Which of the following is NOT an official duty of the state governments concerning elections and voting? a. creating regulations for voter registration d. choosing formats and setting restrictions

b. setting the minimum age limit for voter eligibility c. choosing methods for casting ballots for a candidate to appear on a ballot e. tallying and reporting official election results
ANS: B PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 421
NOT: factual
12. The U.S. Constitution does not explicitly state that all citizens have the right to vote; therefore, we have seen a historic battle to grant these rights. The right of all citizens to vote is commonly referred to as a. the franchise. b. patronage. c. universal suffrage. d. specific suffrage. e. naturalization.
ANS: C PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 421
NOT: factual
13. Which of the following is NOT one of the groups of citizens that have at some point in U.S. history been denied the right to vote? a. minorities d. poor citizens of both genders b. women c. property owning males e. Native Americans
ANS: C PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 421
NOT: factual
14. Which of these groups was given the right to vote through the Twenty-Third Amendment? a. citizens convicted of a felony d. residents of the District of Columbia b. African Americans in all southern states e. citizens aged eighteen c. naturalized citizens
ANS: D PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 423
NOT: factual
15. The Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1870, granted what right? a. the right of free speech for all citizens d. the right of any citizen to vote regardless b. the right of all women to vote of race or previous condition of servitude e. the right of any citizen to vote regardless of how much property is owned c. citizenship for Native Americans
ANS: D PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 423
NOT: factual
16. What effect did the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, have on former slaves? a. recognized them as three-fifths of a person in the determination of representation in the U.S. House of Representatives d. gave the right to state governments to determine if slavery is legal within their borders b. granted them full citizenship and its rights e. granted reparations for their former enslavement c. upheld slavery as an institution in the southern states
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 423

TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting NOT: factual
17. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution are commonly referred to as a. the middle amendments. b. the Civil War amendments. c. the Bill of Rights. d. the Southern amendments. e. the franchise.
ANS: B PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
18. In regard to the powers of the federal government, which of the following was an important aspect of the Fifteenth Amendment? a. The amendment removed the powers of the state governments to regulate voting and gave all of the powers to the federal
REF: p. 423
NOT: factual d. It granted addition and important powers to the federal government to enforce voting rights over the states. government. b. The state governments came together to remove any influence that the federal government had over voting. e. It prohibited the federal government from intervening in state laws and regulations. c. It gave the federal government total control over the regulation of slavery.
ANS: D PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting a. It lowered the voting age for all citizens to eighteen years old.
REF: p. 423
NOT: factual
19. What was the primary ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)? d. It gave women the right to vote. b. It ruled that a state could legally secede from the union. c. It ruled that slaves were property and they had no rights and could never become legal citizens of the United States. e. It took away the powers of the state government to regulate voting.
ANS: C PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 422
NOT: factual
20. A tactic that was legal until challenged late in the twentieth century that required individual citizens to pay a fee before being allowed to vote was a. the literacy tax. b. the poll tax. c. franchise payment. d. revenue adjustment. e. legal extortion.
ANS: B PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 423
NOT: factual
21. What was a tactic used for nearly one hundred years following the Civil War that required that a citizen prove he/she could read and write as a prerequisite to voting? It was intended as a method to deny suffrage to most African-Americans and other poor citizens. a. literacy test b. poll tax d. naturalization exam e. standardized testing c. General Equivalency Exam
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 423

TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting NOT: factual
22. Through as late as the first half of the twentieth century, voter turnout for African American citizens was about a. 1 percent. b. 10 percent. c. 40 percent. d. 60 percent. e. 90 percent.
ANS: B PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 423
NOT: factual
23. The Twenty-Fourth Amendment, which was ratified in 1964, prohibited what? a. the federal government from attempting to intervene in the powers of the state d. the creation of any artificial barrier that prohibited exercising of voting rights governments to regulate voting b. the popular election of U.S. Senators e. the possession of firearms by private citizens in the District of Columbia c. the use of tax revenues to pay for elections
ANS: D PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 423
NOT: factual
24. The federal legislation that outlawed the use of literacy tests as intimidating tactics that keep minority citizens from accessing the polling places was the a. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857). d. Brown v. Board of Education (1954). b. Voting Rights Act of 1965. c. Civil Rights Act of 1964. e. Equal Rights Amendment of 1971.
ANS: B PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 423
NOT: factual
25. The Nineteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote in a. 1776. b. 1800. c. 1865. d. 1920. e. 1970.
ANS: D PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 423
NOT: factual
26. The first formal and organized women’s rights movement in the United States came at the Seneca
Falls convention in a. 1776. b. 1810. c. 1848. d. 1920. e. 1960.
ANS: C PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 423
NOT: factual
27. Before the Constitution was amended to guarantee all women in the United States the right to vote, there were already some women who were allowed to vote. How did this happen? a. Years after the fact, it was learned that d. Certain women were allowed to vote only women had posed as men to enter the polling places. in local school board elections. b. These particular women were soldiers. e. The U.S. Supreme Court granted this right.

c. Several states had given women the right to vote even before the U.S. Constitution was amended requiring all states to grant this right.
ANS: C PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 423
NOT: factual
28. Which of the following groups was the last to gain universal suffrage in the United States? a. African Americans b. women c. poor whites d. Native Americans e. naturalized citizens
ANS: D PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 423
NOT: factual
29. The Twenty-Sixth Amendment in 1971 made what change with regard to voting? a. Women were granted the right to vote. b. Native Americans were granted full citizenship. c. The voting age was lowered nationwide to d. Former slaves were given the right to vote. e. Poll taxes were made illegal nationwide. eighteen years old.
ANS: C PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 424
NOT: factual
30. Currently in the United States, the only group of adult citizens who are legally denied the right to vote in any election are a. those living in the District of Columbia. d. individuals who are in jail awaiting trial. b. citizens of Puerto Rico. e. convicted felons. c. naturalized citizens.
ANS: E PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 424
NOT: factual
31. In recent years the trend has been to make voter registration much more accessible and easier. Voter registrations have increased nationwide. What has been the subsequent result in voter turnout? a. Voter turnout has sharply increased. d. The effect on voter turnout actually appears to be negative. b. Voter turnout has increased at almost the same rate as voter registrations. c. There has been no noticeable increase in voter turnout. e. Voter ideology has become much more liberal.
ANS: C PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 425
NOT: factual
32. What did the Motor Voter law enact in 1993? a. An individual renewing a driver’s license may also register to vote at the same time. b. States must create drive-through polling locations. d. Registered voters must be allowed to vote on transportation-related budget issues. e. Unrestricted voter registration is allowed in all states. c. All polling locations nationwide must be within a reasonable driving distance of every citizen.

ANS: A PTS: 1
TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
REF: p. 425
NOT: conceptual
33. Which of the following is NOT a reason why people choose to vote? d. state laws that require voter participation a. perception that their vote has an impact on the election b. pride in American democracy c. being a good citizen requires participation e. sense of civic duty
ANS: D
NOT: conceptual
PTS: 1 REF: p. 425 TOP: Exercising the Franchise
34. The percentage of eligible voters who show up on election day is called a. democratic participation. d. vote regulation. b. foundational democracy. c. compliance. e. voter turnout.
ANS: E
NOT: factual
PTS: 1 REF: p. 425 TOP: Exercising the Franchise
35. Which of the following demographic groups is most likely to consistently vote in elections? a. young adults under twenty-five years old d. racial minorities b. men in general e. men and women of retirement age c. women in general
ANS: E PTS: 1
NOT: factual
REF: p. 428 TOP: Exercising the Franchise
36. Which of the following is NOT considered to be an effect of education level on voter participation? a. Education enhances a person’s d. Education often decreases voter appreciation for democracy and sense of civic duty. participation because the person is exposed to realities of political culture. b. Education improves his/her ability to understand problems in society. c. Education sharpens a person’s mind.
ANS: D
NOT: factual
PTS: 1 e. Education equips the voter to deal with complex information.
REF: p. 428 TOP: Exercising the Franchise
37. Which of the following is NOT a legitimate method of voting that is currently used in the United
States? a. hand-counted paper ballots b. mechanical lever machines c. optical scan cards d. show of hands e. computer punch cards
ANS: D
NOT: factual
PTS: 1 REF: p. 428 TOP: Exercising the Franchise
38. The bulk of the work and the machinery for carrying out an election is normally handled at what level? a. by neighborhood d. at the state level b. nationally by a federal elections agency e. by monitoring boards in geographical regions created by Congress c. at the county and local level
ANS: C
NOT: factual
PTS: 1 REF: p. 429 TOP: Exercising the Franchise

39. What percentage of voting precincts nationwide still use paper ballots? a. 3 percent b. 8percent d. 22 percent e. 32 percent c. 10 percent
ANS: A
NOT: factual
PTS: 1 REF: p. 429 TOP: Exercising the Franchise
40. The most frequently utilized method of voting, at 37 percent, is a. the paper ballot. b. the optical scan card. d. the manual lever voting machine. e. online voting. c. the punch card.
ANS: C
NOT: factual
PTS: 1 REF: p. 429 TOP: Exercising the Franchise
41. Which of the following factors are considered high stimulus, meaning that they help to generate a higher level of voter participation in a particular election? a. greater levels of media coverage b. higher significance of the office d. more attractive candidates e. perceptions of a close race c. incentives given to voters to entice them to the polls
ANS: C
NOT: applied
PTS: 1 REF: p. 430 TOP: Exercising the Franchise
42. Voter turnout is almost always highest during what type of election? a. presidential elections b. elections for U.S. Senators d. county and other local elections e. special elections such as votes on school bonds c. elections for governor and state representatives
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 430 TOP: Exercising the Franchise
NOT: factual
43. In nearly all American elections, the level of voter turnout rarely exceeds a. 10 percent. d. 60 percent. b. 30 percent. c. 50 percent. e. 80 percent.
ANS: C
NOT: factual
PTS: 1
44. What is meant by the term “social capital”?
REF: p. 431 a. the potential taxing power of the federal government b. the extent to which individuals are socially integrated into their communities
TOP: Exercising the Franchise d. the level at which most Americans cooperate with one another e. the power of society to change itself through voting c. the level of corporate income in the
United States
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 435
TOP: Voting in the United States Compared with Other Democracies
NOT: conceptual

45. In regard to low voter turnout in elections, which of the following results is of most concern? a. It is too difficult for most voters to make choices among candidates. d. The expense of the election is not worth the amount of turnout. b. Low turnout tends to favor Democratic candidates. c. It may be a symptom of a weakening democracy. e. Poll workers and campaign staff feel that they have wasted their time.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 435
TOP: Voting in the United States Compared with Other Democracies
NOT: applied
46. Which demographic group tends to benefit more from low voter turnout according to some experts? a. the poor and disenfranchised b. minority groups with less numbers of eligible voters. c. the youngest of voters, ages eighteen to twenty-five
ANS: E PTS: 1 d. women e. the affluent and higher socioeconomic groups
REF: p. 435
TOP: Voting in the United States Compared with Other Democracies
NOT: factual
47. A psychological attachment to a political party that tends to be very stable and long-term once it is formed is called a. political dependence. b. electoral addiction. c. party identification. d. patriotism. e. party pride.
ANS: C
NOT: factual
PTS: 1 REF: p. 436 TOP: Making a Vote Choice
48. A concept that evaluates an incumbent’s job performance as a significant indicator of whether to support the candidate in the current election is called a. party identification. b. candidate appeal. d. electoral balance. e. retrospective voting. c. party dedication.
ANS: E
NOT: factual
PTS: 1 REF: p. 440 TOP: Making a Vote Choice
49. The image, personal traits, and other characteristics of the particular candidates in a campaign can have an influence on the way people vote. Which of the following is NOT commonly one of the perceptions used by voters in forming candidate image? a. trustworthiness b. leadership ability c. concern for the voter
ANS: E
NOT: applied
PTS: 1 d. integrity e. wealth or lack of it
REF: p. 440 TOP: Making a Vote Choice
50. Approximately what percentage of Americans report that they have contributed money to a political campaign? a. less than 1 percent d. 30 percent

b. 5 percent c. 20 percent e. 65 percent
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 441
TOP: Political Participation Beyond the Voting Booth NOT: factual
ESSAY
1. Describe the historical struggles and challenges in the United States toward a system of universal suffrage. For example, what were some of the demographic groups that were denied the franchise and when and how did they gain the franchise?
ANS:
Answers may vary.
PTS: 1
NOT: applied
REF: p. 421-424 TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
2. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a comprehensive piece of federal legislation that addresses inequities in voter access to registration and the polling places. Two of the issues addressed by the act were poll taxes and literacy tests. Describe these two tactics, how they were used to defer certain voters from the polls, and the possible impact they had on election results.
ANS:
Answers may vary.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 423 TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
NOT: applied
3. Discuss some of the historical trends in women’s suffrage. When did women’s advocates first organize and what were some of the challenges they faced? Also, what role did individual states play in women’s suffrage prior to ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment?
ANS:
Answers may vary.
PTS: 1
NOT: applied
REF: p. 423 TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
4. Discuss voter turnout and some of the factors that can cause it to increase or decrease. What are some of the methods currently used to increase voter turnout?
ANS:
Answers may vary.
PTS: 1
NOT: applied
REF: p. 424-425 TOP: The Legal Structure for Voting
5. Most Americans like to think of themselves as objective persons who can weigh and balance complex issues, yet several factors seem to be consistent throughout all elections. Discuss the concepts of candidate familiarity, party identification, issue voting, retrospective voting, and candidate image voting. Briefly define these concepts and explain how they affect the individual voter.

ANS:
Answers may vary.
PTS: 1
NOT: applied
REF: p. 436-440 TOP: Making a Vote Choice