Name:
KEY
Last
First
ID#___________________________
Lab. Date and Time____________________
Lab. TA____________________
Biological Sciences 1B – Dr. Herrlinger
Summer Sessions I 2000
Final Exam
August 4, 2000
DO NOT OPEN EXAM UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO
Please Read the Instructions First
Check your pages. There are 15 pages in this exam.
You are responsible for making sure that you have all the pages.
This examination is worth 130 points.
Write your name, ID#, and Lab. Section on your scantron.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Indicate your answers on the scantron sheet using a number 2 or test scoring pencil. Press
heavily, don’t stray out of the margins, and completely erase any changed answers.
2. If you think that a multiple choice question is ambiguous or confusing, use the “gripe sheet” at
the end of the examination to explain the problem.
3. There are 45 multiple choice questions worth 2 points each.
Fill-in Questions
1. Use pen only (no grade corrections for pencil or white–out).
2. Write only one answer per question. You can elaborate on an answer, but you will not be
given any credit if you write two different answers to the question.
3. Spelling rules: ½ credit for 2–3 letters wrong or transposed. No points will be given if the
misspelling alters the meaning of the word.
4. There are 10 fill–in questions worth 40 points in total.
1
Choose the one best answer:
1. Jawless fishes include
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
hagfishes, lampreys, and extinct ostracoderms
lobe–finned fishes and cephalochordates
lungfishes, coelacanths, and extinct placoderms
pipefishes, flatfishes, and sturgeon
sharks, skates, and rays
2. Beginning with the first appearance of each of the following, what is the correct sequence for
evolution of the amniotic egg, jaws, notochord, and tetrapod condition?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
amniotic egg, notochord, jaws, tetrapod
jaws, notochord, amniotic egg, tetrapod
notochord, jaws, amniotic egg, tetrapod
notochord, jaws, tetrapod, amniotic egg
tetrapod, jaws, notochord, amniotic egg
3. The water vascular system in echinoderms is most like
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a can opener
a fountain
a hydraulic mechanism
a septic tank
bicycle gears
4. From a cladistic view, the Class Reptilia should include which of the following?
A.
B.
C
D.
E.
amphibia, turtles, lizards and snakes
amphibia, turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodilians
amphibia, turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodilians, birds
only turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodilians
turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodilians, birds
5. Which of the following is a true statement regarding the Subphylum Urochordata?
A. compound tunicates share a common exit pore
B. it only takes a few minutes for a larvacean to build a new house with which to filter food
from the surrounding water
C. simple adult solitary tunicates have one incurrent and one excurrent siphon
D. some salp species can exist as solitary or colonial organisms
E. all of the above
2
6. Which of the following is a true statement regarding guanacos as seen in the film shown in
class?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
males use rudimentary horns when fighting for females
they are sexually dimorphic as evidenced by the bright color of the male coat
they are the largest rodent in Chile
they drink seawater from shallow tidepools near the ocean to osmoregulate
they use scent marking on their territories
7. The distinction between the commonly used terms invertebrates and vertebrates
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
has no basis in morphological differences between the two groups
involves the presence and absence of a notochord
is at the taxonomic level of subphylum
is based on intelligence of the representative organisms
requires the two groups to be in separate phyla
8. An individual’s relative fitness is measured by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
how well the individual relates to its environment
the health of the individual
the number of its offspring that survive and reproduce
the number of matings it achieves
the number of offspring produced
9. Ossicles are present in which of the following classes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Asteroidea
Echinoidea
Holothuroidea
Ophiuroidea
All of the above
10. The waters of Putah Creak near Davis would most likely contain which of the
taxa?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Arthropoda, Oligochaeta, Gastropoda, Reptilia
Chordata, Arthropoda, Holothuroidea, Porifera
Echinodermata, Chelicerata, Uniramia, Osteichthyes
Platyhelminthes, Arthropoda, Anthozoa, Hirudinea
Annelida, Scyphozoa, Arthropoda, Vertebrata
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following
11. The circulatory system is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
closed in the arthropods
closed in the molluscs
often closed in active predators with the exception of the arthropods
open in the annelids
open in the flatworms
12. In addition to numerous other organisms, the tracheal system is found in _________ and
functions in _________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
annelids; circulation
grasshoppers; excretion
honeybees; respiration
scorpions; feeding
spiders; web building
13. Massive fish kills due to red tides are caused by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
amebae
dinoflagellates
foraminiferans
radiolarians
red algae
14. Developmentally, the blastopore becomes the anus in which taxa?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
annelids, arthropods, and molluscs
echinoderms and chordates
flatworms, annelids, arthropods, and molluscs
only echinoderms
all protostomes
15. A researcher removes one cell from an embryo at the four cell stage. This cell develops into
a normal (though possibly smaller) embryo. The developmental pattern of the organism
from which this cell is removed would be classified as
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a chimera
determinate
indeterminate
mosaic
unregulated
4
16. Imagine a graph depicting selection repeatedly acting on the same tail (side) of a distribution
of phenotypes. This would be an example of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
directional selection
diversifying selection
frequency–dependent selection
sexual selection
stabilizing selection
17. Broadcast or free spawning involves the release of _________ and is seen in _________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
eggs and sperm into the plankton; cnidarians
fertilized zygotes onto the sand; brooding sea anemones
sexually mature offspring from a pouch; seahorses
the intestines into surrounding water; sea cucumbers
TMO into the blood; salmon
18. What structural elements support the body in flatworms?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a hydrostatic skeleton
collagen fibers
mesoglea
parenchyme tissue
the coelom
19. Asexual reproduction is exhibited by the _________ and one of the life stages produced
asexually is the _________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa; medusa
Insecta; pupa
Trematoda; cercaria
all of the above
A and C only
20. Although some of the echinoderms have bilaterally symmetric larvae, most exhibit penta–
radial symmetry as adults. Which of the following would be considered to have secondary
bilateral symmetry?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
basket stars
brittle stars
crinoids
irregular echinoids and sea cucumbers
all of the above
5
21. Vertebrate jaws most likely evolved from which structure?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
an expansion of the nasal passages
the first gill arch
mesoderm
the pharyngeal basket
the swimbladder
22. The diseases leishmaniasis and sleeping sickness are caused by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a protozoan that is passed along after an insect bite
a virus
bacteria
homozygote susceptibility as with malaria
none of the above
23. One of the key elements in the serial endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells
involves a prokaryote ingesting other prokaryotes to establish a symbiotic relationship
where two cells become one.
A. True
B. False
24. Evidence for a single evolution of life lies in the fact that all the metazoa have mono–ciliate
(flagellate) sperm and if you look at the cross–section of all the cilia and flagella, you find a
9+2 arrangement of microtubules.
A. True
B. False
25. The most likely candidate for the vertebrate ancestral stock is something similar to a
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
flatworm
paedomorphic polychaete
planula larva
trochophore larva
tunicate larva
26. Hagfishes
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
are marine scavengers
have a cartilaginous skeleton
have no paired fins
produce copious quantities of slime
all of the above
6
27. The human population
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
has no effect on global change
is decreasing
is growing exponentially
was growing exponentially but has now stabilized
none of the above
28. Echinoderms
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
are protostomes
exhibit primary radial symmetry
have a calcareous exoskeleton
have well–developed excretory organs
none of the above
29. Marine fishes osmoregulate by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
absorbing ions in sea water through their gills
drinking sea water and excreting ions across their gills
eating prey with low salinities
increasing the size of the kidney and excreting dilute urine
storing excess ions in the swimbladder
30. Which of the following is a true statement about protozoans?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
parasitic forms are responsible for numerous human and domestic animal diseases
they are all unicellular
they are found everywhere life exists
they require moisture
all of the above
31. Chitin is found in which combination of taxa?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Arachnida, Gastropoda, Polychaeta
Bivalvia, Chilopoda, Maxillopoda
Cephalopoda, Ophiuroidea, Gastropoda
Hirudinea, Merostomata, Oligochaeta
Insecta, Trematoda, Turbellaria
7
32. When a gene has several different versions that create slightly different gene products, each
version of the gene is called _________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a heterozygote
a sister chromatid
an allele
mutation
polygenic
33. Genetic drift
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
is due to chance events
can involve a loss of alleles from the population
results in a change in allele frequencies from generation to generation
all of the above
A and C only
34. A group of naturally or potentially interbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated
from other such groups is a definition of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a pre–zygotic isolating mechanism
a ring species
one of the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium conditions
the biological species concept
the principle of parsimony
35. Recent molecular evidence involving 18S ribosomal RNA sequences suggests that chordates
are a sister group to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
annelids and molluscs
arthropods
cnidarians
echinoderms
flatworms
36. Which of the following is the least useful piece of information to consider when trying to
determine the mating system of a particular animal?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the confidence the male has in paternity
the distribution of resources and whether they can be defended
the number of mates each sex has
the number of siblings of each parent
who cares for the offspring
8
37. All multicellular phyla have
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a coelom
a complete gut
aquatic larvae
bilateral symmetry
collagen
38. Most amphibians are unable to complete their life cycles on land. Unlike reptiles, most
amphibians
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
have a covering of keratin scales
have internal fertilization
must return to water to breed
protect the developing embryo in an amniotic egg
all of the above
39. There is relatively little genetic diversity in populations of cheetahs, elephant seals, and
California condors. This is most likely due to
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a population bottleneck
founder effects
hybridization between species
selection against heterozygotes
the fact that males rear the offspring, not females
40. About 75% of the Platyhelminthes are parasitic. If the parasitic forms had a free–living
ancestor, which features must have changed over evolutionary time?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
an incomplete gut
bilateral symmetry
monoecious reproduction
mucus and cilia on the body surface
the sucking pharynx
41. Which of the following would almost certainly be expected in a segmented, coelomate,
soft–bodied invertebrate with a complete, regionally specialized, digestive tract?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
hydrostatic skeleton
nerve net
planula larva
all of the above
none of the above
9
42. Most crustaceans have
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a cyprid larva
a terrestrial life stage
malpighian tubules
two pairs of antennae
uniramous appendages
43. The growth in male peacocks of long colorful tail feathers with numerous “eyespots” is a
product of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
balanced polymorphism
diversifying selection
ecological isolation
frequency–dependent selection
sexual selection
44. Your BIS 1B study group goes to a Chinese restaurant and orders the Grand Buffet. As the
circular tray of food is passed around the table, you see one large fish, roast pig, tentacles
from a jelly, oysters, squid, mussels, seaweed, and shrimp. How many different taxonomic
animal Classes are on the table?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4
5
6
7
8
45. The name of the chewing mouthparts in scorpions is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
chelicerae
chelipeds
claws
pedipalps
uniramous
Please continue to the next page.
10
Short Answer
46. Give the common names of two extinct taxa discussed in class and the names of their
respective Subphyla. (2 pts)
Common Name
Subphylum
(any two of the answers for A or B are acceptable)
trilobites
Trilobita (or Trilobitomorpha)
A.
B.
ostracoderms
placoderms
dinosaurs
mosasaurs
Vertebrata
Vertebrata
Vertebrata
Vertebrata
47. List two distinguishing characteristics of the Class Mammalia that separate this taxon from
other vertebrate classes. (2 pts)
A. presence of hair
B. mammary glands
two occipital condyles
others also include hard palate, sebaceous glands, three bones in the middle ear, etc.
48. Define heterochrony and explain its evolutionary significance. (3 pts)
Definition: Heterochrony is the evolutionary change in the timing of development of
characteristics from ancestor to descendant.
Evolutionary significance: By changing the timing that regulates growth of the body and
sexual maturity, new phenotypes may result. E.g., urochordates with paedomorphic
tadpole larvae have given rise to vertebrates.
49. Give the common name of one organism discussed in class where the male mates with the
female and then stands guard over the female to keep other males from mating with her.
(2 pts)
spiders
cuttlefish
others?
11
50. a. Fill in the blanks with names of 5 of the 8 structures drawn in a typical asteroid water
vascular system. You may leave three blank with no penalty. (5 pts)
A. _________________
D. ________________
E. ________________
B. ________________
F. _________________
C. ________________
see
box
G. _________________
H. _________________
Answer: A. madreporite; B. ring canal; C. radial canal; D. stone canal; E. lateral
canal; F. ampulla; G. sucker; H. podium (tube feet)
b. What controls the direction of flow of water between structures E and F? (1 pt)
a one–way valve
51. What type of symmetry and cephalization would you expect from a sessile, filter–feeding
organism? (2 pts)
radial symmetry and a lack of cephalization
52. Name the taxonomic Kindgom of the disease causing agent (not the vector) responsible for
each of the following diseases. (3 pts)
A. Giardia
B. liver flukes
C. malaria
Protozoa (or Protista)
Animalia
Protozoa (or Protista)
53. A population of beetles has two alleles for body color, mottled and blue. Mottled is
dominant to blue. A researcher determines that a sample of 200 beetles is comprised of 130
12
mottled and 70 blue beetles. 100 of the 200 beetles are heterozygous (Bb). Is this population
in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium?
Do not just set up the equations. Calculate a final answer and show your complete
calculations to receive full credit. (6 pts)
BB
Bb
bb
Total
= 30
= 100
= 70
= 200
(30 x 2)  100
 0.4
200 x 2
f(b) = 1 – f(B) = 1 – 0.4 = 0.6
f(B) =
H–W predicts:
Observed:
30
 0.15
f(BB) =
200
100
 0.50
f(Bb) =
200
70
 0.35
f(bb) =
200
f(BB) = (0.4)2 = 0.16
f(Bb) = 2 (0.4) (0.6) = 0.48
f(bb) = (0.6)2 = 0.36
Observed and expected genotype frequencies are nearly identical so YES, the
population is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.
54. Many humans eventually have their wisdom teeth removed. Some people are born with four
wisdom teeth, others are born with two, and some people never have them at all. Describe
the necessary conditions for the evolution by natural selection of the complete loss of
wisdom teeth in humans. [Be sure to keep your answer specific to this example of loss of
wisdom teeth.] (4 pts)
Individuals without wisdom teeth would have to have greater fitness than individuals
without wisdom teeth. There would have to be differential survival and/or
reproduction leading to only people without wisdom teeth.
13
Matching
55. Match a single letter from the right hand column that is indicative of the feeding strategy of
most members of each of the following groups. Letters may be used more than once.
Be sure to write legibly! (10 pts.)
crinoid
E
A. carnivore
feather duster worm
E
B. herbivore
grasshopper
B
C. parasite
lamprey
C
D. scavenger
octopus
A
E. suspension or filter–feeder
scallop
E
sea urchin
B
sponge
E
terrestrial snail
B
wolf
A
**Enjoy the rest of your summer!**
14
Name: ___________________________
Last
First
ID#________________________
Gripe Sheet
Instructions:
1. Put your name at the top of the page (I tear it off from the rest of the exam).
2. If you think that a question is ambiguous or confusing, indicate the question number, the
answer you gave, and the reason that you gave this answer.
Question # Answer you gave
Gripe
15