Copyright © 2007 by Oklahoma History Press
Chapter 13
THE FINAL CONQUEST
Lesson Plans for Oklahoma History Teacher_________________ Date__________________
Common Core
Content Standard 1: The student will describe the state’s geography and the historic foundations laid by Native
American, European, and American cultures.
1.4 Compare and contrast cultural perspectives of Native Americans and European Americans
regarding land ownership and trading practices.
2: The student will evaluate the major political and economic events that transformed the land and its people prior to statehood.
2.2 Describe the major trading and peacekeeping goals of early military posts including Fort Gibson.
2.7 Compare and contrast multiple points of view to evaluate the impact of the Dawes Act which resulted in the loss of tribal communal lands and the redistribution of lands by various means including land runs as typified by the Unassigned Lands and the Cherokee Outlet, lotteries, and tribal allotments.
4: The student will examine the transformation of Oklahoma during times of boom and bust of the 1920s through the 1940s.
4.1 Compare and contrast the successes and failures of the United States policy of assimilation of the
Native Americans in Oklahoma including the passage of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 and the effects of the Indian boarding schools (1880s-1940s) upon Native Americans’ identity, culture, traditions, and tribal government and sovereignty.
ASSIGNMENTS:
Read The Final Conquest , Chapter 13, pages 198-206.
Be prepared to participate in class discussion using the question on page 206.
Complete the following in Student Activity Book:
Vocabulary
Complete the statement using facts from the chapter.
True/False-determine if the facts are correct or incorrect.
Map Study-Locate and mark the federal courts that had jurisdiction over Indian Territory.
Choose from Activities on next page, Section II. Copy and distribute, or project them for group work.
Read Feature: Early Settlers (pp. 238-245), if not used in previous chapter, and complete worksheets.
I. Discussion Questions
1. What were the major problems in the earliest judiciary system for Indian Territory and how were the problems solved?
2. Why did the Indians request the establishment of a federal court in Indian Territory?
3. Why did outlaws take refuge in Indian Territory?
4. Trace the right of whites to own property in Indian Territory, from the time of Indian settlement to the opening of unoccupied lands for white settlement.
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Copyright © 2007 by Oklahoma History Press
5. Trace the movement from land ownership by the Indian tribes to allotments by severalty.
6. Can you compare the status of illegal settlers (according to page 123) to any modern-day group?
7. When was oil first produced as a business?
8. Why did Indian tribes oppose individual ownership of land?
9. Why was Congress dissatisfied with the Dawes Commission in 1898?
10. In what ways did Indians resist the division of their property?
II. ACTIVITIES
1. Identifying people, places, and historical events
2. Time Line—Record the following on the time line with a short explanation:
Major Crimes Act, Organic Act, Dawes Commission forcible enrollment, Atoka Agreement, Curtis Act,
Crazy Snake Rebellion
3. Crossword Puzzle (short)
III. Internet Search: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Parker http://www.picturehistory.com/find/p/6115/mcms.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organized_territory http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawes_Commission
IV. Suggested Reading:
Arthur T. Burton, Black, Red, and Deadly: Black and Indian Gunfighters of the Indian Territory, 1870-
1907 ( Austin, Texas: Eakin Press, 1991)
Indians, Outlaws & Angie Debo [videorecording] ( PBS Video, 1988)
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Copyright © 2007 by Oklahoma History Press
Name____________________________________________ Date __________________________
People, Places and Events
Circle the three words or phrases on the right which relate to the subject on the left.
(1) ISAAC PARKER:
(2) FORT SMITH:
Congress; General; Judge; Confederacy; 88; notorious federal court; navy port; army post; C.C. Curtis; Isaac Parker;
John Thomas
(3) DAWES COMMISSION: enrollment; removal; Myrtle Dawes; trade; Seminole Agreement;
Indian Appropriations Act
(4) ATOKA AGREEMENT: coal; asphalt; railroads; 8 years; cattle trails
(5) “CRAZY SNAKE”: Pleasant Porter; Isaac Parker; Creek; Chitto Harjo; rebellion;
Choctaw
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Copyright © 2007 by Oklahoma History Press
CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Name_____________________________ Date ____________________
DOWN
1. One of the West’s most famous bank robbers and gang leader
3. Belle Starr’s first husband
4. A farm and outlaw haven
5. The outlaw for whom Belle Starr named her farm
ACROSS
2. An outlaw family
6. Bill __________ , the leader of an outlaw gang
7. A famous female outlaw
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Copyright © 2007 by Oklahoma History Press
Student Activity Book Chapter 13 - THE FINAL CONQUEST
I. VOCABULARY. Write a short definition of each word below.
1. incarceration ________________________ 7. alien _____________________________
2. jurisdiction _________________________ 8. speculation ________________________
3. refuge _____________________________ 9. vigorously _________________________
4. preside ____________________________
5. larceny ____________________________
10. penalize ________________________
11. subsequent ________________________
6. manslaughter _______________________ 12. reprimand ________________________
II. COMPLETION. Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the word or words that would complete the sentence correctly.
1. The U.S. District Court that had authority over white people in Indian Territory was located at
_________________________________.
2. Prisoners from Indian Territory were incarcerated at the federal prison in_____________________.
3. The federal judge who became known as “the Hanging Judge” was Judge____________________.
4. Indians repeatedly requested the establishment of a federal court in _________Indian Territory.
5. No other federal agency was so hated or distrusted by the Indians as the ___________________.
6. The law in Indian Territory was enforced by two hundred ___________________________
appointed by Judge__________________________.
7. The act that limited the authority of the Indian tribal courts was the ___________________ Act.
8. The Atoka Agreement involved the ________________ and ___________________tribes.
9. The ______________tribe rejected the Atoka Agreement, despite the fact that the tribal leaders had
approved it.
10. At the advice of____________________, the Creek Council rejected the 1897 Creek Agreement.
11. The ________________________Tribe was the first of the Five Tribes to accept land allotments.
12. Under the allotment system, tribesmen could not sell their land for a period of ___________years.
13. A leader of the full-blood Creeks was Crazy Snake or _________________________________.
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Copyright © 2007 by Oklahoma History Press
III. TRUE or FALSE. Write the word “true” in the blank if the statement is true; write the word “false” if the statement is false.
______1 . The major problem with the locations of the court and prison for Indian Territory was distance.
______2. After 1885, all cases involving murder, manslaughter, etc., were tried in state courts rather
than Federal courts.
______3. In the 1890 Census, Indians outnumbered non-Indians three to one.
______4. Some gold was discovered in Oklahoma in the early 1890’s.
______5. When non-Indians first came into Indian Territory, they could not own land.
______6. Allotments in Severalty freed lands for white ownership.
______7. After March 2, 1889, all Indian tribes in Indian Territory were affected by the Dawes Act.
______8. Most Indians vigorously protested the work of the Dawes Commission.
______9. The Dawes Commission did not begin enrollments until tribal governments approved.
______10. The Atoka Agreement preserved the tribal citizenship and tribal judicial system for the Indians.
______11. If Indians refused to select a land allotment, selections were made for them.
______12. The Crazy Snake Rebellion was a successful Creek rebellion.
IV. MAP. The federal courts that had jurisdiction at various times over Indian Territory were located at Van
Buren and Fort Smith, Arkansas: Wichita and Topeka, Kansas; Paris, Texas; and Muskogee, Ardmore, and
McAlester, Indian Territory. Mark and identify each of these courts on the map below.
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