Chapter 12 Section 3
The Big Ideas are:
•Identify the issues that led to rising sectional differences.
•Explain how the “Tariff of Abominations” led to a crisis over nullification.
•Analyze the issues in the debate over states’ rights.
1. Who was John C. Calhoun and what did he do?
2. Big Idea Question: What were the three sections the U.S. divided into and what were the three main issue that divided them.
3. Why did Northerners and Westerners disagree over the sale of public land?
4. What were the differences among the sections on internal improvements and tariffs? Why did the different sections disagree?
5. Why did the tariff of 1828 anger Southerners?
6. Big Idea Question: What was the Tariff of Abominations and how did it lead to the nullification crisis?
7. What was the Webster-Hayne debate?
8. Who was Daniel Webster and what did he do?
9. What was the doctrine of nullification?
10. How did Calhoun apply the doctrine of nullification to the “Tariff of Abominations”?
11. Why did the theory of nullification develop into a national debate?
12. What was the importance of the Webster-Hayne debate in Congress?
13. How did the nullification issue make Jackson and Calhoun political enemies?
14. What is secession?
15. How did Southerners protest the tariffs?
16. What was Jackson’s response to South Carolina’s threat to secede?
17. How was the tariff controversy settled?
18. Big Idea Review Question: What were the main issues in the debate over states’ rights? Who should have more power the federal
or state government?
Chapter 12 Section 3
The Big Ideas are:
•Identify the issues that led to rising sectional differences.
•Explain how the “Tariff of Abominations” led to a crisis over nullification.
•Analyze the issues in the debate over states’ rights.
1. Who was John C. Calhoun and what did he do?
2. Big Idea Question: What were the three sections the U.S. divided into and what were the three main issue that divided them.
3. Why did Northerners and Westerners disagree over the sale of public land?
4. What were the differences among the sections on internal improvements and tariffs? Why did the different sections disagree?
5. Why did the tariff of 1828 anger Southerners?
6. Big Idea Question: What was the Tariff of Abominations and how did it lead to the nullification crisis?
7. What was the Webster-Hayne debate?
8. Who was Daniel Webster and what did he do?
9. What was the doctrine of nullification?
10. How did Calhoun apply the doctrine of nullification to the “Tariff of Abominations”?
11. Why did the theory of nullification develop into a national debate?
12. What was the importance of the Webster-Hayne debate in Congress?
13. How did the nullification issue make Jackson and Calhoun political enemies?
14. What is secession?
15. How did Southerners protest the tariffs?
16. What was Jackson’s response to South Carolina’s threat to secede?
17. How was the tariff controversy settled?
18. Big Idea Review Question: What were the main issues in the debate over states’ rights? Who should have more power the federal
or state government?
Chapter 12 Section 3
The Big Ideas are:
1. Who was John C. Calhoun and what did he do?
•John C. Calhoun was one of the leaders of Congress.
•He was elected to the U.S congress at the age of 28.
•Calhoun supported the need for a strong central government and also spoke out against sectionalism.
•He was Jackson’s vice-president.
•He wrote the nullification doctrine.
2. Big Idea Question: What were the three sections the U.S. divided into and what were the three main issues that divided them?
Divisions of the U.S.
•The three divisions were the Northeast, the South, and the West.
Issues that Divided the U.S.
•The three major economic issues that divided them were
•the sale of public lands,
•internal improvements such as the building of roads and canals to transport goods and raw materials
•tariffs to pay for internal improvements.
3. Why did Northerners and Westerners disagree over the sale of public land?
•The Northerners did not want the public land in the west to be sold at low prices because they believed the cheap land would attract
workers that were needed in factories of the Northeast.
•Westerners wanted more people to move to western lands so the west could increase its political power in Congress.
4. What were the differences among the sections on internal improvements and tariffs? Why did the different sections disagree?
Disagreements
•The northeast and westerners wanted the government to build roads and canals to improvement the transportation to goods to the
west and raw materials to factories in the north.
•Southerners did not want tariffs to rise because their economy was based on foreign trade.
Reasons for the Disagreements
•It would attract worker northern factories needed.
•The U.S. government’s main source of income came from tariffs.
5. Why did the tariff of 1828 anger Southerners?
•The southerners had to sell their cotton at low prices to compete with other sellers of cotton from foreign countries.
•They had to pay high prices for manufactured goods.
6.
Big Idea Question: What was the Tariff of Abominations and how did it lead to the nullification crisis?
•The tariffs angered southerners because they had to sell their cotton at low prices to be competitive and forced them to pay high
prices for manufactured goods.
•Southerners also felt the tariffs favored the needs of the north not the south.
What was the doctrine of nullification?
•The right of a state to go against or ignore a federal law if it is unconstitutional.
7.
How did Calhoun apply the doctrine of nullification to the “Tariff of Abominations”?
•Calhoun helped the South Carolina legislature write a resolution that stated they would ignore any act taken by the federal
government they thought was unconstitutional or favored only one area of the country.
8. Why did the theory of nullification develop into a national debate?
•It split the country.
•Some people believed that the states should be able to protest actions taken by the federal government.
•Other people believed that the people made the Union not the individual states therefore the people should have the power.
•The “Supremacy Clause” stated the federal government laws are more powerful than the states.
9.
What was the Webster-Hayne debate?
•It was an intense debate over the doctrine of nullification that was led by Webster who was against the doctrine and Hayne who was
for the doctrine.
• Webster argued that it was not the people or the states that made the Union.
•Hayne argued that nullification was a peaceful way to protest and keep the freedom for states and people.
10. Who was Daniel Webster and what did he do?
•He was the most powerful speaker of his time and went against the nullification.
•He was senator for Massachusetts.
11. What was the importance of the Webster-Hayne debate in Congress?
•More and more people took sides and it started to divide the nation over state and federal power.
12. How did the nullification issue make Jackson and Calhoun political enemies?
•They did not see things the same way.
•Jackson went against nullification.
•Calhoun wanted to protect states’ rights.
13. What is secession?
•It is when a state leaves the United States.
14. How did Southerners protest the tariffs?
•Southern states first published the doctrine of nullification that was proposed by Calhoun.
•Southern states then refused to pay the taxes.
•Southern states threaten to secede from the Union.
15. What was Jackson’s response to South Carolina’s threat to secede?
•Jackson threatened to send troops to enforce the laws of the federal government.
16. How was the tariff controversy settled?
•In the Senate, Henry Clay proposed a compromise tariff in 1833 that lowered the tariff.
17. Big Idea Review Question: What were the main issues in the debate over states’ rights? Who should have more power the federal
or state government?
Issues
•Whether the federal government was more powerful than state governments
•States wanted equal treatment for all states not just favorable treatment for northern states
•Whether states had the right to ignore or nullify federal laws
Your opinion