Study Guide
Chapter 9, Sections 1 and 2
1. Suffrage – the right to vote
2. Caucus – small meeting of high level party officials who used to choose presidential candidates
3. Convention – large meeting of everyday party members that choose candidates, replaced the caucus system
4. Kitchen Cabinet – group of unofficial advisors that Andrew Jackson listened to, instead of his official cabinet
5. Spoils System – system of political patronage in which low level government officials were fired and replaced
with people who helped the president win the election
6. Indian Removal Act – law giving the president power to move Indian tribes off of native land and into the Indian
Territory (now mostly in Oklahoma). Passed because settlers felt threatened by Indians and wanted them
moved. 5 tribes mostly affected: Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminoles.
7. Choctaw Removal – first tribe moved off land. Originally from Mississippi. Lacked food and warm clothing. Many
got sick and died.
8. Cherokee Removal – SEE #10
9. Worcester v. Georgia – John Marshall and Supreme Court decided that state and federal laws did not apply to
Indian land. Therefore, US government had no authority to move Indians. Jackson supposedly said “John
Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it.” This was his way of saying that he was going to move
the Indians anyway and did not care what the Supreme Court said.
10. Trail of Tears – forced removal of Cherokee tribe from its land. Poorly prepared and moved under harsh
weather conditions. About ¼ of the tribe died on its way to Indian Territory
11. Black Hawk War - Led by Black Hawk, included the Sac and Fox tribes, fighting over land in Wisconsin, Illinois,
and Iowa. US won and Indians force off land
12. Second Seminole War – led by Osceola, combined force of Seminoles and escaped slaves, fought over native
Seminole land in Florida. Fighting lasted for 5 years. US won. Indians forced to leave – many ran away to live in
the swamps (Everglades)
13. Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)
a. Who liked it and why? North because it protected their new industries from British competition and the
West because they thought the increased $$ would result in internal improvements – roads and canals
b. Who disliked it and why? South because they did not have industry, and because they felt it would hurt
trade with British, who they still relied on for trade
14. Calhoun and Nullification SEE #15
15. Nullification Crisis –
a. Who was on each side of the conflict?
i. Pro Nullification – Calhoun and Hayne (both from SC)
ii. Anti-Nullification – Webster and Jackson
b. South Carolina’s Role
i. Came up with nullification concept – states can choose not to enforce a law they feel is
unconstitutional
ii. Threatened to secede if they were force to follow “unconstitutional” laws
iii. Raised $$$ and troops to defend themselves if necessary
c. Jackson’s Role
i. Threatened to hang all of the leaders of the Nullification movement
ii. Later worked to lower, but not eliminate, tariff
d. Clay’s Role
i. Worked out a compromise between Jackson and Calhoun – lowered tariff to 20%
16. Force Act – law that gave President power to use US troops to collect tariffs in states that refused to collect
them
17. Pet banks – state banks in which the national government deposited money instead of the national bank in the
attempt to “kill” the national bank
18. Bankruptcy – the state of complete financial ruin
19. Depression – economic state in which business and employment decline sharply or stay at a very low level
20. Propaganda - information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person or group
PEOPLE – know what these people did or stood for.
Andrew Jackson, Nicholas Biddle, Roger Taney, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, Martin
van Buren, Osceola, Black Hawk, John Marshall
IDENTIFY – 5 of these will be on the test as identification items. Know as much as you can about each.
Trail of Tears
Spoils System
Pet Banks
Kitchen Cabinet
Force Act
Black Hawk War
Seminole War
Worcester v. Georgia
PARAGRAPH
Either Tariff of Abominations OR Nullification.