Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) <2006 to May Week 3 2010>
Search Strategy:
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glomerulonephritis/ (1225)
2
post streptococcal.tw. (67)
3
1 and 2 (30)
4
acute disease/ (21840)
5
acute.tw. or 4 (128523)
6
3 and 5 (27)
7
limit 6 to (english language and "all child (0 to 18 years)") (22)
8
from 7 keep 1-22 (22)
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<1>
Unique Identifier
18510827
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Dursun I. Gunduz Z. Poyrazoglu HM. Gumus H. Yikilmaz A. Dusunsel
R.
Authors Full Name
Dursun, Ismail. Gunduz, Zubeyde. Poyrazoglu, Hakan M. Gumus, Hakan.
Yikilmaz, Ali. Dusunsel, Ruhan.
Institution
Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Erciyes University, Kayseri,
Turkey. drdursun@hotmail.com
Title
Cerebral vasculitis and unilateral sixth-nerve palsy in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.
Source
Annals of Tropical Paediatrics. 28(2):155-9, 2008 Jun.
Abstract
Cerebral vasculitis associated with acute post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is rare. A 13-year-old girl presented with
severe headache, vomiting, oedema and macroscopic haematuria. There was a
history of upper respiratory infection 2 weeks previously. A diagnosis of
APSGN was made. On admission, she was normotensive and biochemically well
balanced. She experienced a tonic-clonic seizure 2 hours later. An MRI
brain scan demonstrated multiple areas of abnormal signal intensity in
the cerebral and cerebellar white matter, and subarachnoid haemorrhage
consistent with vasculitis was diagnosed. A sixth-nerve palsy developed
on the 6th day of admission. An elevated anti-streptolysin titre and low
serum C3 complement level together with typical features on renal biopsy
supported the diagnosis of APSGN. All clinical and laboratory
abnormalities improved with corticosteroid therapy, pulse methylprednisolone. APSGN can present with central nervous system abnormalities
without hypertension, uraemia and electrolyte disturbance.
Publication Type
Case Reports. Journal Article.
<2>
Unique Identifier
16911165
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Scrace M. Koko K.
Authors Full Name
Scrace, Melania. Koko, Karen.
Institution
Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Cairns, Australia.
mscrace@rfdsqld.com.au
Title
An outbreak of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in remote
Far North Queensland.
Source
Australian Journal of Rural Health. 14(4):160-3, 2006 Aug.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To observe and record an outbreak of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) in the Lockhart River community
in 2005 and the steps taken by health workers to contain the epidemic.
METHODS: A descriptive study of cases of APSGN and children aged from 2
to 12 years involved in the screening program. SETTING: A remote
indigenous community in Far North Queensland. PARTICIPANTS: All children
aged from 2 to 12 years in the Lockhart River community. RESULTS: Eightyseven children were screened. And 46% were found to have infected
scabies. CONCLUSIONS: There were 11 confirmed cases of APSGN over four
months from February to May. Infected scabies was the main preceding
finding in these children.
Publication Type
Journal Article.
<3>
Unique Identifier
16791408
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Wiwanitkit V.
Authors Full Name
Wiwanitkit, Viroj.
Title
Why is acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis more common in the
pediatric population?.
Source
Clinical & Experimental Nephrology. 10(2):164, 2006 Jun.
Publication Type
Letter.
<4>
Unique Identifier
18544473
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Kozyro I. Korosteleva L. Chernoshej D. Danner D. Sukalo A.
Trendelenburg M.
Authors Full Name
Kozyro, Ina. Korosteleva, Ludmila. Chernoshej, Dmitryj. Danner,
Doris. Sukalo, Alexander. Trendelenburg, Marten.
Institution
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Children's Hospital, Belarus State
University, Minsk, Belarus.
Title
Autoantibodies against complement C1q in acute post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis.
Source
Clinical Immunology. 128(3):409-14, 2008 Sep.
Abstract
Autoantibodies against complement C1q (anti-C1q) strongly correlate
with the occurrence of severe lupus nephritis. Recent data suggest that
anti-C1q might also correlate with more severe forms of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). Therefore, we prospectively
investigated the role of anti-C1q in 50 children with newly diagnosed
APSGN. Associations between anti-C1q and disease manifestations as well
as serum complement concentrations were analyzed. Nineteen of the 50
children (38%) with APSGN were positive for anti-C1q compared to 0/40
healthy controls. Levels of anti-C1q correlated negatively with serum C1q
and C3 concentrations. Anti-C1q positive patients had significantly
higher proteinuria and serum creatinine as well as more often oliguria,
hypertension and delayed resolution of the disease than patients without
anti-C1q. The data point to a potential pathogenic role of anti-C1q in
APSGN. Determination of anti-C1q might help to identify patients at risk
for prolonged courses of the disease.
Publication Type
Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
<5>
Unique Identifier
19441614
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Guerrero AP. Musgrave JE. Lee EK.
Authors Full Name
Guerrero, Anthony P S. Musgrave, James E. Lee, Eric K W.
Institution
University of Hawai'i John A Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI
96813, USA. GuerreroA@dop.hawaii.edu
Title
Immune globulin-responsive thrombocytopenia in acute post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis: report of a case in Hawai'i. [Review] [9 refs]
Source
Hawaii Medical Journal. 68(3):56-8, 2009 Apr.
Abstract
A 9-year-old boy in Hawai'i presented with bleeding and
thrombocytopenia and was subsequently found to have post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis. He recovered completely with intravenous immune
globulin, antibiotics, short-term antihypertensive therapy, and
supportive management. This case was similar to the 5 cases previously
reported in the literature, with the exception that steroids were not
used as the primary immune-modulating therapy. [References: 9]
Publication Type
Case Reports. Journal Article. Review.
<6>
Unique Identifier
16901429
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Aeby A. David P. Fricx C. Jissendi P. Blecic S. Van Bogaert P.
Authors Full Name
Aeby, Alec. David, Philippe. Fricx, Christophe. Jissendi, Patrice.
Blecic, Serge. Van Bogaert, Patrick.
Institution
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Erasme Hospital, Universite Libre de
Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. alec.aeby@ulb.ac.be
Title
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome revealing acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.
Source
Journal of Child Neurology. 21(3):250-1, 2006 Mar.
Abstract
A case of acute encephalopathy with posterior corticosubcortical
vasogenic edema on magnetic resonance imaging is reported. Angiography
showed cerebral arterial vasospasm. A diagnosis of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis was made 2 days after admission. This
report highlights the fact that acute post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis can be revealed by a posterior reversible
encephalopathy syndrome and that cerebral vasospasm can concur with
vasogenic edema in this condition.
Publication Type
Case Reports. Journal Article.
<7>
Unique Identifier
18820103
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Payne D. Houtman P. Browning M.
Authors Full Name
Payne, D. Houtman, P. Browning, M.
Institution
Department of Immunology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK.
daniel.payne@uhl-tr.nhs.uk
Title
Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis associated with prolonged
hypocomplementaemia.
Source
Journal of Clinical Pathology. 61(10):1133-5, 2008 Oct.
Abstract
The case of a 6-year-old boy who presented with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is reported. C3 levels and complement
alternative pathway activity remained low for at least 10 months after
presentation, before returning to normal. There was no evidence of other
renal disease. This case highlights that hypocomplementaemia in acute
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis may persist for several months, and
that prolonged hypocomplementaemia does not exclude this diagnosis.
Publication Type
Case Reports. Journal Article.
<8>
Unique Identifier
17535174
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Blyth CC. Robertson PW. Rosenberg AR.
Authors Full Name
Blyth, Christopher C. Robertson, Peter W. Rosenberg, Andrew R.
Institution
Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's
Hospital, Randwick, Australia.
christopher.blyth@sesiahs.health.nsw.gov.au
Title
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in Sydney: a 16-year
retrospective review.
Source
Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health. 43(6):446-50, 2007 Jun.
Abstract
AIM: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is a frequent cause
of acute nephritis in children. Numerous studies have described PSGN in
high-risk populations yet few data describing PSGN in a low-incidence
population exist. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical
manifestations, diagnosis, complications and outcomes of PSGN in an urban
Australian population. METHODS: A 16-year retrospective review of case
notes and laboratory data was conducted at a tertiary Sydney paediatric
hospital. RESULTS: Thirty-seven children were treated for PSGN with a
mean age of 8.1 years (range 2.6-14.1 years). Twenty-eight subjects
(75.7%) had a history of a recent upper respiratory tract or skin
infection. Hypertension and/or oedema was present in 29 subjects (78.4%).
Streptococcal pharyngitis was identified as the likely source in 17
subjects (45.9%). Skin infections occurred less frequently. Antibodies
against streptolysin O, streptokinase or deoxyribonuclease B were
elevated when a single titre was measured in 35 subjects (94.6%). Thirty
subjects (81.1%) developed renal impairment (median peak creatinine, 95
micromol/L, range 39-880 micromol/L). No correlation was demonstrated
between peak creatinine, age, ethnicity, streptococcal titres and serum
complement levels. The mean length of admission was 8.2 days. Seven
subjects (18.9%) had a complicated course with three subjects requiring
dialysis. Only one subject has ongoing renal dysfunction. CONCLUSION:
Significant differences are seen in a low-incidence urban Australian
population with PSGN when compared with endemic or epidemic disease in
high-risk populations. The higher rates of complications that were seen
compared with previously studied populations need further clarification.
Publication Type
Journal Article.
<9>
Unique Identifier
17444820
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Steer AC. Danchin MH. Carapetis JR.
Authors Full Name
Steer, Andrew C. Danchin, Margaret H.
Institution
Carapetis, Jonathan R.
Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne,
Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal
Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Title
Group A streptococcal infections in children.
Source
Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health. 43(4):203-13, 2007 Apr.
Abstract
The group A streptococcus causes the widest range of disease in humans
of all bacterial pathogens. Group A streptococcal diseases are more
common in children than adults with diseases ranging from pharyngitis and
impetigo to invasive infections and the post-streptococcal sequelae-acute rheumatic fever and acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
The global burden of severe group A streptococcal disease is concentrated
largely in developing countries and Indigenous populations such as
Aboriginal Australians. Control of group A streptococcal disease is poor
in these settings and the need for a vaccine has been argued. With an
ever-increasing understanding of the group A streptococcus at a molecular
level, new and sophisticated vaccines are currently in human trials and
the next decade holds exciting prospects for curbing group A
streptococcal diseases.
Publication Type
Journal Article.
<10>
Unique Identifier
19364571
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Zaffanello M. Fedrizzi M.
Authors Full Name
Zaffanello, Marco. Fedrizzi, Michela.
Title
Delayed diagnosis of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
Comments
Comment on: J Pediatr. 2008 Oct;153(4):560-4; PMID: 18534213]
Source
Journal of Pediatrics. 154(5):777; author reply 777, 2009 May.
Publication Type
Comment. Letter.
<11>
Unique Identifier
17044468
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Srisawat N. Aroonpoonsub L. Lewsuwan S. Kanjanabuch T. Avihingsanon
Y. Praditpornsilpa K. Tungsanga K. Chusil S. Eiam-Ong S.
Authors Full Name
Srisawat, Nattachai. Aroonpoonsub, Laor. Lewsuwan, Songkiat.
Kanjanabuch, Talengsak. Avihingsanon, Yingyos. Praditpornsilpa,
Kearkiat. Tungsanga, Kraing. Chusil, Sawaluk. Eiam-Ong, Somchai.
Institution
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
Title
The clinicopathology and outcome of post-infectious glomerulonephritis:
experience in 36 adults.
Source
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 89 Suppl 2:S157-62,
2006 Aug.
Abstract
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis is one of the most common causes of
acute glomerulonephritis. A retrospective study of post-infectious
glomerulonephritis at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand was
performed from January 1999 to December 2005. Among thirty six patients,
eight cases were post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and twenty eight
cases were post non-streptococcal Glomerulo Nephritis (GN). Most cases
present with edema, hypertension, gross hematuria and nephrotic-range
proteinuria. C3 and CH50 commonly were low. Post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis had more aggressive pathology compared to the others.
However the long term outcome was excellent. In the present study the
authors found ESRD in only 14.3% (4 out of 28 cases) that reflects the
excellent prognosis of post-infectious glomerulonephritis. Of interest,
all of the ESRD patients were caused by post non-Streptococcal GN. Even
though, no statistic was achieved; it might reflect the aggressiveness of
non-Streptococcal pathogen.
Publication Type
Journal Article.
<12>
Unique Identifier
17205964
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Oda T. Yoshizawa N. Yamakami K. Ishida A. Hotta O. Suzuki S.
Miura S.
Authors Full Name
Oda, Takashi. Yoshizawa, Nobuyuki. Yamakami, Kazuo. Ishida, Aki.
Hotta, Osamu. Suzuki, Shigenobu. Miura, Soichiro.
Institution
Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki,
Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama 359-8513, Japan. takashio@ndmc.ac.jp
Title
Significance of glomerular cell apoptosis in the resolution of acute
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
Source
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 22(3):740-8, 2007 Mar.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Glomerular hypercellularity due to resident glomerular cell
proliferation and leucocyte infiltration has been described in acute
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). APSGN usually resolves
without progression. However, the mechanism of resolution remains to be
determined. METHODS: Renal biopsy tissues from 15 patients with APSGN
(obtained 1-31 days after disease onset) and five control patients with
minor glomerular abnormality were evaluated with respect to glomerular
resolution. Apoptotic cells were assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl
transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) as well as by
immunostaining of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). RESULTS: The number of
glomerular cells was high in the early-phase of APSGN and decreased over
time. No TUNEL+ glomerular cells were found in control subjects, whereas
prominent glomerular TUNEL+ cells were observed in APSGN patients,
particularly in the early phase of the disease. The number of glomerular
TUNEL+ cells decreased exponentially but was still prominent in renal
tissue biopsied at 31 days after disease onset. Double staining for ssDNA
and glomerular cell markers showed that glomerular apoptotic cells were
predominantly mesangium and endothelial cells, with some neutrophils and
macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that apoptosis exists in
the glomerulus in patients with APSGN from the early to the late stages
of the disease and contributes to the resolution of glomerular
hypercellularity.
Publication Type
Journal Article.
<13>
Unique Identifier
17539966
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Hisano S. Matsushita M. Fujita T. Takeshita M. Iwasaki H.
Authors Full Name
Hisano, Satoshi. Matsushita, Misao. Fujita, Teizo. Takeshita,
Morishige. Iwasaki, Hiroshi.
Institution
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University,
Nanakuma, Fukuoka, Japan. hisanos1@cis.fukuoka-u.ac.jp
Title
Activation of the lectin complement pathway in post-streptococcal acute
glomerulonephritis.
Source
Pathology International. 57(6):351-7, 2007 Jun.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the correlation between
complement pathways and clinicopathological findings in poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN). Immunohistological
staining was performed on renal specimens obtained from 18 patients with
PSAGN and 20 controls, using antibodies against IgG, IgA, IgM, C1q, C3c,
C4, fibrinogen, factor B, C4-binding protein (C4-bp), C5b-9, CD59,
mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine protease-1 (MASP1). Controls showed no deposition of any antibody. In seven patients,
glomerular deposits of C3c, C4, factor B, C4-bp, C5b-9, CD59, MBL and
MASP-1 were found. In the remaining 11 patients, glomerular deposits of
neither C4 nor MBL/MASP-1 were found, and glomerular deposits of C3c,
factor B, C5b-9 and CD59 were evident. C4-bp was detected in seven of
these 11 patients. Glomerular deposits of fibrinogen were detected in
five of seven patients with MBL/MASP-1 deposits and in only two of 11
patients without MBL/MASP-1 deposits. Hematuria was prolonged in three of
seven patients with MBL/MASP-1 deposits through follow up, whereas
urinalysis was normal in all patients without MBL/MASP-1 deposits.
However, the histological indicators were not different between the two
groups. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report to show that
complement activation through both the alternative and lectin pathways is
evident in some patients with PSAGN. Complement activation is promoted in
situ in the glomerulus.
Publication Type
Journal Article.
<14>
Unique Identifier
17973321
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Pashankar FD. Ment LR. Pearson HA.
Authors Full Name
Pashankar, Farzana D. Ment, Laura R. Pearson, Howard A.
Institution
Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Farzana.Pashankar@yale.edu
Title
Sickle cell disease complicated by post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis, cerebral hemorrhage and reversible posterior
leucoencephalopathy syndrome.
Source
Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 50(4):864-6, 2008 Apr.
Abstract
A patient with homozygous hemoglobin SS disease presented with an
intracerebral hemorrhage complicating reversible posterior
leucoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS), secondary to hypertension associated
with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). Distinguishing
potentially reversible causes of central nervous system events from
primary cerebral infarction or hemorrhage in patients with sickle cell
disease is important because the management and prognosis of these
complications is very different. Similarly, because of the difference in
prognosis between APSGN and other forms of sickle cell nephropathy, it is
also important to differentiate these conditions. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss,
Inc.
Publication Type
Case Reports. Journal Article.
<15>
Unique Identifier
16395114
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Fux CA. Bianchetti MG. Jakob SM. Remonda L.
Authors Full Name
Fux, Christoph A. Bianchetti, Mario G. Jakob, Stephan M. Remonda,
Luca.
Institution
Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern,
Switzerland. christoph.fux@insel.ch
Title
Reversible encephalopathy complicating post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis.
Source
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 25(1):85-7, 2006 Jan.
Abstract
We describe a 15-year-old boy with acute transient encephalopathy
complicating poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Based on advanced
magnetic resonance imaging, cerebral alterations were related to
cerebrovascular autoregulatory dysfunction (ie, a vasogenic edema) and
vasculitis was excluded. These insights into the pathophysiology improve
patient management and argue against the therapeutic immunosuppression
postulated by some authors.
Publication Type
Case Reports. Journal Article.
<16>
Unique Identifier
19876655
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Becquet O. Pasche J. Gatti H. Chenel C. Abely M. Morville P.
Pietrement C.
Authors Full Name
Becquet, Odile. Pasche, Jerome. Gatti, Helene. Chenel, Claude.
Abely, Michel. Morville, Patrice. Pietrement, Christine.
Institution
Department of Pediatrics, American Memorial Hospital, 51 rue Cognacq
Jay, 51100 Reims, France.
Title
Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children of French
Polynesia: a 3-year retrospective study.
Source
Pediatric Nephrology. 25(2):275-80, 2010 Feb.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to define the current demographic, clinical
and prognostic characteristics of acute post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis (APSGN) in French Polynesia and to compare these
features with those of other populations. Fifty children, all of whom
were <15 years old and had been admitted to the Territorial Hospital of
Papeete for APSGN between January 2005 and December 2007, were
retrospectively enrolled in the study. Diagnostic criteria were
microscopic or macroscopic haematuria, decreased C3 fraction of the
complement and evidence of recent streptococcal infection. The annual
incidence was 18 cases per 100,000 children <15 years of age in 2007.
Most of the children (98%) enrolled in the study were of Polynesian
ethnic origin, 27 were male (54%), and the average age at presentation
was 6.7 years. Signs of previous respiratory infections were clearly
evident in 40% of the children. Most of the patients presented during the
rainy season, correlating with the relatively high incidence of skin
infections at this time. The majority of patients had proteinuria (98%),
with 25% having proteinuria in the nephrotic range (proteinuria/urinary
creatinine >3 g/g). The presentation was severe in 22% of the children
(congestive cardiac failure, severe hypertension and/or encephalopathy),
and renal failure was an initial presenting symptom in 43.7%. The C3
fraction was lower in severe presentations, but the type of haematuria,
level of proteinuria and inflammatory syndrome were not correlated with
immediate severe forms or with initial renal failure. Haematuria resolved
in a mean of 7.7 months and proteinuria in a mean of 3.9 months. None of
the children had hypocomplementemia for more than 8 weeks. Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is endemic among French Polynesians, and
they can be considered to be a high-risk population. Despite a high
incidence of skin infections, however, the predominance of respiratory
infections potentially indicates that French Polynesia is on the way to
become a low-incidence area. Systematic detection and treatment of group
A Streptococcus should be intensified.
Publication Type
Journal Article.
<17>
Unique Identifier
18373105
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Ilyas M. Tolaymat A.
Authors Full Name
Ilyas, Mohammad. Tolaymat, Asad.
Institution
Pediatric Nephrology, University of Florida/Jacksonville, Jacksonville,
FL, USA. mohammad.ilyas@jax.ufl.edu
Title
Changing epidemiology of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in
Northeast Florida: a comparative study.
Source
Pediatric Nephrology. 23(7):1101-6, 2008 Jul.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to review the epidemiological patterns
of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) in a pediatric
population. We compared incidence, pathogenesis, clinical presentation
and outcomes in two APSGN pediatric patient cohorts in northeastern
Florida. Retrospective medical records were reviewed of children who were
admitted to our institution with a diagnosis of APSGN. Patients admitted
between 1999 and 2006 (recent cohort) were compared with a previously
reported cohort of patients admitted between 1957 and 1973 (earlier
cohort). The recent cohort comprised 45 children with APSGN of whom 87%
were male and 13% were female; the median age was 7 years, and there was
an average incidence of 6.4 patients per year. The earlier cohort
comprised 153 children with APSGN of whom 62% were male and 38% were
female; the median age 4.25 years, and there was an average incidence of
10.9 patients per year. The recent cohort was predominantly WhiteAmerican (62%) and the earlier cohort predominately African American
(87%). In the recent cohort, 64% of patients had antecedent pharyngitis,
and in the earlier cohort, 66% of patients had antecedent pyoderma. In
the recent cohort, 11% of APSGN cases occurred between August to October,
and in the earlier cohort, 50% occurred during these months. In the
recent cohort, symptoms of APSGN at presentation were milder and all
cases recovered, but in the earlier cohort two deaths (1.3% mortality)
were reported. In conclusion, there has been a decline in the incidence
and severity of APSGN at our institute in recent decades. Pharyngitis has
replaced impetigo as the predominant cause of APSGN. The etiological
agent for impetigo has changed over the last decade, which has impacted
the incidence, racial distribution, seasonal variation and severity of
APSGN.
Publication Type
Comparative Study. Journal Article.
<18>
Unique Identifier
17294226
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Daskas N. Farmer K. Coward R. Erlewyn-Lajeunesse M.
Authors Full Name
Daskas, Nikolaos. Farmer, Katie. Coward, Richard. ErlewynLajeunesse, Michel.
Institution
Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK.
Title
Meningococcal disease associated with an acute post-streptococcal
complement deficiency.
Source
Pediatric Nephrology. 22(5):747-9, 2007 May.
Abstract
Chronic deficiencies in the complement pathway proteins are associated
with an increased risk of meningococcal disease. Such deficiencies are
caused by primary congenital immunodeficiency of a complement protein,
properdin or mannose binding lectin, or are secondary to consumption of
complement by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or membranoproliferative
glomerulonephritis (MPGN). Whatever the cause, the complement deficiency
is always chronic. Here we report a case of meningococcal disease (MCD)
in a child with a transient complement deficiency (CD), caused by poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN).
Publication Type
Case Reports. Journal Article.
<19>
Unique Identifier
17109135
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Thorley AM. Campbell D. Moghal NE. Hudson S.
Authors Full Name
Thorley, Anna M. Campbell, David. Moghal, Nadeem E. Hudson, Sue.
Institution
Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sheriff Hill, NE9
6SX, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, UK. annamcocker@hotmail.com
Title
Post streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis secondary to sporadic
Streptococcus equi infection.
Source
Pediatric Nephrology. 22(4):597-9, 2007 Apr.
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus infection is rare in
humans, but a well-known cause of pyogenic disease in cows and horses. S.
zooepidemicus uncommonly causes post-strep glomerulonephritis (PSGN) in
humans via epidemic outbreaks. We present a sporadic case of post S.
zooepidemicus glomerulonephritis in a child most probably contracted from
a horse. The 14-year-old girl presented with the typical signs of PSGN,
with S. equi zooepidemicus isolated from a blood culture, together with a
low C3 and raised anti-DNAse B. This is the first known report of a
sporadic case of PSGN in a child caused by this organism.
Publication Type
Case Reports. Journal Article.
<20>
Unique Identifier
17106689
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Bakr A. Mahmoud LA. Al-Chenawi F. Salah A.
Authors Full Name
Bakr, Ashraf. Mahmoud, Lotfi Abdel-Naby. Al-Chenawi, Farha. Salah,
Amany.
Institution
Pediatric Nephrology, Mansoura University Children's Hospital,
Goumhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt. ashbakr@mans.edu.eg
Title
HLA-DRB1* alleles in Egyptian children with post-streptococcal acute
glomerulonephritis.
Source
Pediatric Nephrology. 22(3):376-9, 2007 Mar.
Abstract
To investigate the association between HLA-DRB1* alleles and poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN) in Egyptian children, 32
unrelated patients with PSAGN and 380 healthy individuals from the same
locality were typed for DRB1* alleles using the polymerase chain-reverse
hybridization technique. Patients with PSAGN had significantly increased
frequency of both DRB1* 03011 (46.9 vs. 19.2% in controls, P=0.00025) and
DRB1* 1105 (31.1 vs. 15.6% in controls, P=0.0097) alleles. However, after
correction of P values, only the difference for DRB1* 03011 allele
remained significant (Pc=0.025). Their relative risks were significantly
high (3.71, confidence interval [CI]=1.8-7.8, and 3.57, CI=1.4-8.9
respectively). No significant differences in the frequency of the two
alleles were observed among patients with different grades of
hypertension or proteinuria. In conclusion, DRB1* 03011, and possibly
1105, alleles confer susceptibility to PSAGN. However, the severity of
the disease is not determined by these two alleles.
Publication Type
Journal Article.
<21>
Unique Identifier
17043882
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Bingler MA. Ellis D. Moritz ML.
Authors Full Name
Bingler, Michael A. Ellis, Demetrius. Moritz, Michael L.
Institution
Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, The
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2538,
USA.
Title
Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in a 14-month-old boy: why
is this uncommon?.
Source
Pediatric Nephrology. 22(3):448-50, 2007 Mar.
Abstract
Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is rare in children
under 2 years of age. This is related in part to the disease patterns of
group A streptococcus (GAS) and in part to impaired immunogenicity in
infants. We report the case of a 14-month-old child with APSGN following
GAS pharyngitis. This case illustrates that APSGN needs to be considered
in the evaluation of both gross and microscopic hematuria in this age
group. We review the literature of both GAS and APSGN and discuss the
pathogenesis and epidemiologic reasons for this association.
Publication Type
Case Reports. Journal Article.
<22>
Unique Identifier
16934708
Status
MEDLINE
Authors
Martin JM. Green M.
Authors Full Name
Martin, Judith M. Green, Michael.
Institution
Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,
Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Judy.martin@chp.edu
Title
Group A streptococcus.
Source
Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 17(3):140-8, 2006 Jul.
Abstract
Group A streptococci (GAS) are gram positive cocci that can be divided
into more than 100 M-serotypes or emm types based on their M proteins.
Their virulence is related directly to the M protein on the cell surface
that inhibits phagocytosis. Although it is more commonly thought of in
the context of causing clinical illness, Streptococcus pyogenes can
colonize the pharynx and skin. Infections due to GAS include pharyngitis,
impetigo, ecthyma, erysipelas, and cellulitis. These infections, as well
as the manifestations of invasive disease including streptococcal toxic
shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis, will be reviewed in this
article. Also included will be the nonsuppurative complications of GAS
infections, acute rheumatic fever and post streptococcal glomerular
nephritis. GAS is an important cause of infections in children in both
the ambulatory and hospital settings. Current efforts aimed at the
development of a vaccine are warranted but remain in preliminary stages
at this time.
Publication Type
Journal Article.