AP Biology Molecular Genetics Study Guide
CH 16: MOLECULAR INHERITANCE
1. Morgan/Griffith/Avery/Hershey & Chase/Chargaff/Franklin & Wilkins/Watson &
Crick
2. 3’/5’
3. polymerase/helicase/ligase/primase
4. primer/leading/lagging
5. leading/lagging
6. purines/pyrimidines
7. Base pairs/phosphates & sugar
8. Template/complementary
9. Okazaki fragments/telomeres
10. Replication/anti-parallel
CH 17: FROM GENE TO PROTEIN
Know what restriction enzymes are and how they function in cells.
Explain the steps involved in protein synthesis (transcription & translation)- what the
result of each individual step is.
Explain where the different steps occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Know what the bases are for RNA & DNA and how they pair up.
Know the roles of the enzymes used with transcription, translation.
Know what the following are and how they function: mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, and DNA.
Know how the following mutations the result of each: insertion, deletion, base
substitution, translocation.
Know how to use the genetic code table determine amino acids.
Be able to recognize the basic steps in transformation (pGlo lab).
Be familiar with the transformation lab and the results obtained.
Know how splicing contributes to transcription.
AP Biology Molecular Genetics Study Guide
Transcription Terminology
mRNA
RNA polymerase
Promoter
Terminator
3’ to 5’ – transcription
5’ to 3’ – transcription
codons-transcription
initiation
elongation
termination
exons
introns
Translation Terminology
Ribosome
rRNA
tRNA
protein
amino acids
anticodon
polypeptides
codons- translation
3’to5’ – translation
5’to3’ – translation
initiation – translation
elongation – translation
termination – translation
A-site
P-site
E-site
Large subunit
Small subunit
CH 18: BACTERIA AND VIRUSES
Specific examples of both bacteria and viruses
Virus/bacteria – similarities and differences, reproduction, genetics
Lytic vs. lysogenic cycles
Classification of viruses (ex. Retrovirus)
Viroids & Prions
Replication of DNA in bacterium
Plasmids
Operons – repressible and inducible
Different ways bacteria adapt and have the ability to increase genetic diversity (ex.
Transduction)
CH 20: DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENOMICS
Be able to explain each of the following techniques and their research applications
1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
2. Gel electrophoresis
3. Restriction fragment analysis
4. restriction enzymes
5. Southern blotting
6. DNA Fingerprinting
7. DNA Sequencing