1. Many important fuels are obtained from crude oil.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Describe how crude oil is formed.
Explain why crude oil can be described as (i) a finite resource (ii) a fossil fuel.
Name two other fossil fuels.
(4 marks)
2. Crude oil is a mixture of chemical compounds. Before the compounds can be used, the crude oil must be
separated into fractions, by fractional distillation.
(a)
Name the compounds found in crude oil.
(b)
Explain what is meant by (i) fractional distillation (ii) a fraction.
(3 marks)
3. There are many different hydrocarbons present in crude oil.
(a)
Explain what is meant by (i) a saturated hydrocarbon (ii) an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
(b)
Consider the list of hydrocarbons: butane, ethane, octane, methane, butane. Name the
hydrocarbons which are (i) saturated (ii) unsaturated
(4 marks)
4. Liquid X is made of only two elements. It burns to produce two products. One is a colourless liquid
which melts at 0oC and boils at 100oC; the second turns lime water milky.
(a)
Name the two products.
(b) (i) Name the two elements contained in liquid X.
(ii) Explain your answer.
(3 marks)
5. Name the following hydrocarbons, and draw their full structural formula
(a)
C4H10
(b)
C8H16
(c)
C7H16
6. What is the structural difference between an alkane and an alkene?
(3 marks)
(1 mark)
7. Butane and butane are both hydrocarbons. Describe a test that could be used to show the
difference between the two hydrocarbons.
(1 mark)
8. The following reaction took place during a cracking process
C5H12
C3H8
+
Y
(a) Name compound Y and give its full structural formula.
(b) Explain whether Y would decolourise bromine solution or not.
(c) Why would it be an advantage to use a catalyst during the cracking process?
(3 marks)
TOTAL= 22 MARKS
1. Starch and glucose are both carbohydrates.
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
Name the elements which are found in a carbohydrate.
Write the molecular formula for both starch and glucose.
Why does glucose dissolve easily in water and yet starch does not?
Explain what is seen when a beam of light is passed through
(i)
Glucose solution
(ii) starch in water
(4 marks)
2. A carbohydrate was tested as shown in the diagram below
Test 1
Solution of carbohydrate
and Benedict’s solution
RESULT – No change in colour
with Benedict’s solution.
Suggest a name for the carbohydrate which was tested.
Test 2
Testing the carbohydrate
with Iodine solution
RESULT – Iodine change colour
from brown to blue/black.
(1 mark)
3. Alcohol for drinks can be made from carbohydrates.
(a)
Name this process.
(b)
Name three sources of carbohydrates for the production of an alcoholic drink
(c)
Describe briefly how to obtain a sample of alcohol from carbohydrates.
(d)
Give the scientific name for the alcohol that is made in this way.
(e)
How can the alcohol content be increased?
(5 marks)
4. Many of the foods we eat contain starch. The starch molecules are hydrolysed in our bodies.
(a) Explain what is meant by hydrolysis.
(b) What is formed by the hydrolysis of starch?
(c) How would you test for the product of hydrolysis of starch?
(3 marks)
5. The compound X is thought to be a carbohydrate. It is tested as follows:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Test 1
When burned in air X produced CO2 and H2 O
Test 2
When X is added to iodine solution, there is no change in colour
Test 3
When X is warmed with Benedict’s solution, there is no change in colour
Test 4
After X has been heated with dilute acid, it give a positive Benedict’s
test
From Test 1 ALONE explain whether it is reasonable to conclude that X is a
carbohydrate
From Test 2 ALONE what conclusion can be reached?
From Test 3 ALONE what conclusion can be reached?
(i)
In Test 4 what is happening to X when it reacts with acid?
(ii)
What name is given to this kind of reaction?
(5 marks)
TOTAL = 18MARKS