Anatomy 2A
Study Guide-Exam Three
Remember, study guides are meant to guide you, they are not a comprehensive list of exam questions. If you want 100%
or something close to it, then you have to study for 100%, which means you would know and understand every item in
your lecture notes. Good Luck!
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What are the components of the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton?
What are the functions of bone?
How are bones classified? Be able to classify bones of the skeleton.
What are the two bone textures? What is the location of these bone textures relative to one another in long,
short, irregular and flat bones?
What are the membranes of bone? What surfaces do they cover and what cell types do they contain? How is the
periosteum attached to bone?
What is the structure of a long bone? For each structure of a long bone, know its definition, location or function
where appropriate.
What is the structure of short, flat and irregular bones?
What is an osteon? What are the components and function of the components of an osteon?
What texture of bone contains osteons? Trabeculae?
What are the main differences between spongy and compact bone?
What are the organic and inorganic portions of bone, what are they called, and what do they consist of?
Interstitial vs appositional growth. What is the difference, when do they occur?
What is ossification, when does it occur?
What controls remodeling of bone?
Make sure you understand how blood calcium is regulated by the activity of PTH and know the bone cells
involved in this calcium regulation.
What are the steps of fracture repaired?
What is osteoporosis, paget’s disease, osteomalacia, rickets?
Know the characteristics (as presented in lecture) of each bone discussed in class. For example for the frontal
bone we said that if forms the forehead and that it has the superior margins of each orbit on it. We talked about
features of the humerus like the capitulum and trochlea.
What bones of the skeleton belong to the axial skeleton? appendicular skeleton?
What two sets of bones make up the skull?
What are the eight cranial bones and the 14 facial bones? Of the cranial and facial bones, which ones are
paired?
What are the functions of the cranial and facial bones?
How does the skeleton articulate from top to bottom?
Which seven bones contribute to each orbit?
What are the paranasal sinuses, what is their function,what bones are they located in and what type of
membrane are they lined with?
What is unique about the hyoid bone?
What are the four normal curvatures of the vertebral column and which ones are primary? Secondary? What is
the difference between primary and secondary curvatures?
How many vertebrae are in each region of the vertebral column?
What are the general features of most vertebrae?
What are the special features of C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis)?
Anatomy 2A
Study Guide-Exam Three
 What are the seven processes on most vertebrae?
 What structures/surfaces are used in articulating the vertebrae?
 How many pairs of ribs are there? Difference between true false and floating ribs?
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What vertebrae do the ribs attach to?
What bones make up the pectoral girdle? Pelvic girdle? Are these bones part of the axial or appendicular
skeleton?
What three bones fuse to form the coxal bone?
What are the differences (discussed in class) between the male and female pelves?
What are the two functions of joints?
What are the general features found at all synovial joints?
What are the six types of synovial joints? You should know the examples of these types of synovial joints that
are presented in class.
What are the two ways to classify joints?
What are the types of structural and functional joints?
What type of movement is allowed at each synovial joint? For example gliding or nonaxial movements occur at
plane synovial joints.
Common joint injuries