Supplemental Digital Content 1. Table that demonstrates in vitro
advertisement
Supplemental Digital Content 1. Table that demonstrates in vitro studies evaluating the effects pancreatic cancer Plant Family Part/extract Active Method constituent(s) 3,3'BD biocoat tumor diinodolylmethane invasion assay system and cell proliferation reagent WST-1 assay Acacia Fabaceae Leaves Taepeenin D,(+)pennata drim-8-ene (L.) Willd. (Terpenoids) and quercetin 3-0-β-Dglucopyranosyl-4-0β-Dglucopyranoside (a flavonoid glycoside) Achyranthe Amaranthace Leaves/Methanol Clonogenic cell survival s aspera L. a extract assay and Quantitative real time-PCR Adenium Apocynaceae Glycosides obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult α-bisabolol (a sesquiterpene alcohol) Alternanthe Amaranthace The air-dried and PC biosensor-based cell ra sessilis ae powdered leaves attachment assay, MTT DC. assay Amoora Meliaceae The air-dried and PC biosensor-based cell chittagonga powdered leaves attachment assay, MTT Hiern assay of plants and phytochemicals on Effect Anti-metastatic activity Referen ce [58] Cytotoxic activity [34] Anti-proliferative activity [81] Cytotoxic activity [36] Anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity Cytotoxic activity [82] Cytotoxic activity [38] [38] Amoora Meliaceae chittagonga Hiern Amoora Meliaceae rohituka Stem bark/extract Angelica Apiaceae archangelic aL Angelica Apiaceae pubescens Maxim. Fruit/tincture Annona glabra L. Annonaceae Leaves/ethanolic extracts Annoglacins A and B(monotetrahydrofuran acetogenins) Annona Annonaceae muricata L. Leaves/ethanolic extracts Annona squamosa L. Bark Muricoreacin and murihexocin C, (monotetrahydrofuran acetogenins) Monotetrahydrofuran acetogenins Apigenin (flavonoid) Annonaceae Stem bark/extract Dichloromethane extract Imperatorin and xanthotoxin (furanocoumarins) Angelmarin Label-free photonic crystal biosensor assay, MTT assay Label-free photonic crystal biosensor assay, MTT assay [3H]-thymidine assay Cytotoxic activity [39] No significant cytotoxic activity [39] Anti-proliferative activity [118] In Vitro Preferential Cytotoxicity under nutrition starvation condition MTT assay Cytotoxic activity [41] More potent than adriamycin against the pancreatic carcinoma (PACA2) cell lines Cytotoxic activityt [42] Cytotoxic activity even more than adriamycin Cell cycle arrest and apoptotic activity [43] MTT assay MTT assay, cell death detection ELISA kit, DC Protein Assay, Western blotting, p53 binding activity assay, Coimmunoprecipitation and Cytochrome c [40] [21] Apigenin Apigenin Apigenin Apigenin Apigenin + gemcitabine Apigenin + gemcitabine immunofluorescence Immunohistochemistry , Real-time RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Glucose uptake assays, Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis Microarray analysis, Real time RT-PCR and western blotting analysis, treatment of cells with proteosome inhibitor MG132,transient transfection of Hela cells with a reporter gene and immunohistochemistry Methyl-3H thymidine incorporation, Guava Technologies' ViaCount Assay, flow cytometry and Western blotting Cell counting , Flow cytometry, Western blot analysis and thymidine incorporation. MTS assay, annexin V binding assay, Protein Anti-tumor activity [9] Anti-proliferative activity [204] Anti-proliferative activity [83] Cell cycle arrest [20] More antiproliferative activity in combination with gemcitabine ↑ Anti-tumor and apoptotic activity [160] [161] extraction and Western blot analysis and Electrophoretic mobility shift assay Preferential cytotoxicity under nutrient-deprived conditions and Western blot analysis Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method Arctium lappa L. Asteraceae Seeds/dichloromet hane (extract Arctigenin Ardisia brevicaulis Diels Artemisia annua L. Myrsinaceae Roots Resorcinol derivatives Asteraceae Aerial parts MTT assay Artemisia annua L. Artemisia annua L. Asteraceae Aerial parts Dihydroartemisinin (a sesquiterpene lactone) Dihydroartemisinin Asteraceae Aerial parts Dihydroartemisinin Artemisia annua L. Asteraceae Aerial parts Dihydroartemisinin Artemisia annua L. Asteraceae Aerial parts Dihydroartemisinin MTT assay , flow cytometry analysis and confocal laser scanning microscope stained with Annexin V-FITC/PI, EMSA and Western blot assay MTT assay, flow cytometry, Annexin-V binding analysis, BCA protein assay kit ,Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was and using TransAm NFκB/p65 ELISA kit Iodide staining, flow cytometry, Western blot Cytotoxic activity [44] Anti-proliferative activity [84] Anti-proliferative activity [85] Apoptotic activity [131] Abrogating inducing [162] effect of gemcitabine on NFκB activation and ↓expression of NFκB targeted gene products ↑ Anti-tumor effect [163] of gemcitabine via inhibition of gemcitabine induced NF kB activation Cell cycle arrest [22] analysis, immunoblot analyzing and ELISA Artemisia vestita Wall. Asteraceae Aerial parts Azadiracht a indica Meliaceae Leaf/extract Betula pendula Roth. Betulaceae Bark Hispidulin (a flavonoid) Betulin and betulinic acid (triterpenes) Biochanin A Sulphorhodamine B (SRB) staining In Vitro Preferential Cytotoxicity under Nutrient-Deprived Conditions Boesenberg ia pandurata (ROXB.) SCHLTR. Boesenberg ia pandurata (ROXB.) SCHLTR. Zingiberacea e Rhizome Panduratins (chalcone compounds) Zingiberacea e Rhizome Brucea javanica(L. ) Merr. Simaroubace ae Fruits Panduratins D—I (1—6), together with known diastereomers, panduratins B1 (7) and B2 (8) Quassinoids Electronic counting and RT-PCR analysis Anti-angiogenic activity [10] ↑Radiotherapy induced cell death by targeting radiotherapy induced NF-κB Cytotoxic activity [164] Anti-proliferative activity , ↓K-ras expression and ↓ multidrug resistant (mdr-1) gene Cytotoxic activity [86] Cytotoxic activity [50] Cytotoxic activity [51] [45] [49] Brucea javanica(L. ) Merr. Simaroubace ae Fruits Brucein D (quassinoid) Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Theaceae Epigallocatechin gallate Camellia sinensis Theaceae Epigallocatechin gallate SRB assay, Hoechst fluorescence staining , ELISA, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis CellTiter 961 AQueous non-radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay ,Chromatin DAPI, caspase-3 activity by measuring AFC, Protein extraction and Western blotting, Immunodetection of IL1RAcP by the tyramide signal amplification kit, RNA extraction and quantitative RT-PCR, Cytokine and metalloproteinase assays by ELISA kits and RayBio1 Human VEGF EIA kit, Sequence analysis of putative promoter regions by DNA BLAT using the UCSC Genome and analysis by MatInspector Release professional 8.0 software , luciferase reporter assay system Apoptotic activity [134] Anti-inflamatory activity [77] Anti-proliferative activity [59] (L.) Kuntze Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Theaceae Catechins Theaceae Epigallocatechin gallate Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Theaceae Epigallocatechin gallate Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Theaceae Epigallocatechin gallate Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. Theaceae Epigallocatechin gallate Fabaceae Seeds L-Canavanine Using TetraColor ONE and measuring Absorbance at 450nm , trypan blue exclusion assay, Western Blot Analysis, Immunofluorescence Staining and Confocal Microscopy MTS assay,using Caspase-3/CPP32 Fluorometric Assay Kit, Western blotting analysis, Coimmunoprecipitation and Proteolytic fingerprinting assay DAPI staining, immunoblotting, RNase protection assay under the BD Riboquant multiprobe kit and Clonogenic cell survival assay Flow cytometry, MTS assay, median-effect equation and Anti-inflamatory activity [78] Anti-proliferative activity [87] Anti-proliferative activity [88] A synergistic apoptotic activityt in combination with TRAIL [165] Apoptotic activity [135] Synergistic effect on radiation [166] combination index analysis Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. Fabaceae seeds L-Canavanine Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. Carica papaya L. Fabaceae Seeds L-Canavanine Caricaceae Leaves/aqueous extract Cistus Cistaceae ladanifer L. Citrus Rutaceae aurantifolia Swingle. Aerial parts /aqueous extract Catechin and inositol hexaphosphate Ellagitannins, especially punicalagins derivatives Rutin, neohesperidin, hesperidin, hesperitin, limonexic acid, isolimonexic acid, and limonin (flavonoids and limonoids) MTT Assay [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation, Flow cytometric analysis, caspase-3/7 activity, ELISA, microarray analysis and real-time RT-PCR MTT Assay, ELISA and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) TEAC assay ,TBARS assay, ORAC assay, FRAP and MTT assay Cytotoxicity activity and synergistic activity in combination with 5 FU Anti-proliferative activity [52] Anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities [46] Anti-proliferative activity [132] Anti-proliferative and anti-oxidant activities [79] Apoptotic and antioxidant activities [136] [89] Citrus Rutaceae Luteolin, apigenin, and quercetin (flavonoids) Obacunone (triterpenoid) Citrus × paradisi Rutaceae Cleistocaly x operculatus (Roxb.) Myrtaceae Buds Coix lacrymajobi L. Poaceae Endosperm Two flavonoids i.e. 3'-formyl-4',6'dihydroxy-2'methoxy-5'methylchalcone and (2S)-8-formyl-5hydroxy-7-methoxy6-methylflavanone Neutral lipid isolated from endosperm Luminescence assay and Molecular docking Anti-proliferative activity [90] MTT assay, viable cell count, Annexin V staining,measuring the 7-amino-4methylcoumarin (AMC), p-nitroaniline and LEHD-pNA (LeuGlu-His-Asp conjugated to p-nitroanilide) substrate, Immunoblotting, Microscopic imaging of fluorescent-tagged cells Apoptotic activity [133] Cytotoxic activity [53] Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest [29] MTT assay, flow cytometry, Double staining of Hoechst 33258 and TUNEL assay, DNA fragmentation assay, Annexin-V binding analysis, cDNA microarray analysis, Coptidis rhizoma Ranunculace ae Brassicaceae Benzodioxoloquinol izine alkaloids espesialy berberine and coptisine Coumestrol Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Benzyl isothiocyanate Benzyl isothiocyanate Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Benzyl isothiocyanate Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Benzyl isothiocyanate Western blot analysis, MTT assay, DNA microarray data and cluster analysis Electronic counting and RT-PCR analysis Real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis, Transfection of miRNA oligos, Clonogenic cell survival assay, Western blot analysis, Comparative gene expression analysis and TaqMan gene expression assay Clonogenic assay, fluorescence microscopic analysis with DAPI staining and Western blotting Aortic sprouting in matrigel, Chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, ELISA, RT-PCR, using Universal EZ-TFA transcription factor assay colorimetric kit, Western blot analysis, Wound Anti-tumor activity [134] Anti-proliferative activity Anti-angiogenic activity Anti-proliferative activity [86] Sensitizing human pancreatic cancer cells to radiation by inducing apoptosis [167] Anti-angiogenic activity [11] [137] [91] Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Benzyl isothiocyanate Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Benzyl isothiocyanate Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Benzyl isothiocyanate Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Benzyl isothiocyanate + sulforaphane Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Benzyl isothiocyanate Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Benzyl isothiocyanate Cruciferous Brassicaceae Benzyl healing and transwell migration assay Immunoblotting, ELISA, Electrophoretic mobility shift assay,using ualluciferase reporter assay system ki and SRB assay Western blot analysis and ELISA, Western immunoblotting, flow cytometry and Clonogenic cell survival assay Western blot analysis, MTT Assay, Reversetranscriptase PCR, Bright Field Microscopy DAPI staining,Immunoblotting and Cell sorting by Hochest 33342 staining Sulforhodamine B assay, Apoptotic activity [138] Induction TRAIL sensitization by dual activation of both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways Apoptotic activity [169] Anti-viability activity [205] Sensitizing human pancreatic cancer cells to radiation therapy, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic activity Apoptotic activity [168] Cell cycle arrest and [24] [139] [141] vegetables isothiocyanate Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Benzyl isothiocyanate Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Sulforaphane (isothiocyanate) Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Sulforaphane Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Sulforaphane Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Sulforaphane flow cytometry, Western-blot analysis and Cdc2 kinase activity using a Cdc2 kinase assay kit Sulforhodamine B and trypan blue dye exclusion assay, Flow Cytometery, ELISA, using TransAM kit, Western blot analysis and Densitometric scanning Electron microscopy, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence MTT assay, Colonyforming assay, Annexin V staining, Spheroid assay, flow cytometry, Immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis apoptotic activity Anti-proliferative activity [92] Potentiating the [93] efficacy of 17allylamino 17demethoxygeldanam ycin through enhanced abrogation of Hsp90 chaperone function Autophagy activity [18] ↑ Drug-mediated cytotoxicity toward cancer stem-like cells of pancreas [170] Anti-metastatic activity [60] Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Sulforaphane Western Blot Analysis, and fluorometery Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis activity [30] Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Sulforaphane Flow cytometry, MTT assay, Spheroid formation assay, Colony formation assay, Scratch assay, substrate assay, immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blot analysis, and EMSA ↑Effect of sorafenib(SO) via eradicated SOinduced NF-kappaB binding [171] Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Sulforaphane Anti-proliferatiive activity [15] Cruciferous Brassicaceae vegetables Sulforaphane Apoptotic activity and cell cycle arrest [31] Anti-viability, apoptotic and antimetastatic activities [62] Cell cycle arrest and apoptotic activity [25] Anti-proliferative [94] Curcuma longa L. Zingiberacea e Rhizome Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) and its analogue CDF Curcuma longa L. Zingiberacea e Rhizome Curcumin Curcuma Zingiberacea Rhizome Curcumin Flow Cytometry, Western Blot Analysis, and Hoechst staining MTT assay, Clonogenic assay, ELISA, Western blot analysis, Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, using PGE2 immunoassay kit, using AlphaLISA VEGF 500 data point kit and Real Time RT-PCR Sulforhodamine B assay, flow Cytometry, Western blot analysis, ELISA and Densitometric scanning MTT assay, RT-PCR, longa L. e Curcuma longa L. Zingiberacea e Rhizome Curcumin Curcuma longa L. Zingiberacea e Rhizome Curcumin Cucurbitacin E (a triterpenoid) Cucurbitacin B (a triterpenoid) Dorstenia psilirus Bureau. Echinacea pallida Moraceae Twigs Asteraceae Root/n-hexane extract Echinops Asteraceae Rhizomes Polyacetylenes and polyenes Real-time RT-PCR, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis Oligonucleotide microarray chip, realtime PCRs, flow cytometry MTT Assay, ELISA, RT-PCR, Real-time RTPCR, Western Blot Analysis and EMSA activity MTT assay, DNA flow Cytometry, Hoechst 33258 staining, Annexin V/PI staining and Western blot analysis MTT assay , flowcytometry, Annexin V/PI Staining, Hoechst 33258 Staining and Western blotting MTS assay and CAMassay Anti-metastatic activity [63] Anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities [142] Anti-proliferative, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic activities [26] Anti-proliferative, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic activities [27] Anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic activities WST-1 assay, using Apoptotic and antiApo-ONE Homogeneous viability activities Caspase-3/7 Assay kit,using Cell Death Detection ELISA PLUS kit and using Caco-2 cell monolayers MTS assay and CAMAnti-proliferative [12] [97] [12] giganteus var. lelyi (C. D. Adams) A. Rich. Emodin (an anthraquinone) Emodin Emodin Equol Euphorbia lagascae Spreng. Euphorbiace ae Defatted seeds and aerial parts /methanol extracts of Piceatannol (a stilbene), trans3,5,3′,4′tetraacetoxypiceatan nol and trans3,5,3′,4′tetramethoxypiceata nnol (obtained by derivatization of piceatannol), scopoletin and esculetin (two coumarins compound), dehydrodiconiferyl assay and anti-angiogenic activities Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry,FULL TEXT MTT assay, flow cytometry (FCM), RTPCR and Western blotting Wound assay and matrigel counting, Western blotting, Enhancing the antitumor effect of gemcitabine Reversing effect on gemcitabineresistant cells [172] Apoptotic, antiproliferative and anti-metastatic activities Anti-proliferative activity Anti-proliferative activity [65] Electronic counting and RT-PCR analysis Proliferation assay based on SRB staining [173] [86] [98] Euphorbia lagascae Spreng. Euphorbia tuckeyana Steud. Euphorbia tuckeyana Steud. Euphorbia tuckeyana Steud. Euphorbiace ae Excoecaria agallocha Euphorbiace ae Leaves Ferula hermonis Apiaceae Crude extract Euphorbiace ae Euphorbiace ae Euphorbiace ae Aerial parts/methanol extract Aerial parts/methanol extract Aerial parts/methanol extract Aerial parts/methanol extract diacetate (a neolignan) Terpenoids Proliferation assay based on SRB staining Anti-proliferative activity [125] The flavonoids naringenin and aromadendrin Terpenoids Proliferation assay based on SRB staining Anti-proliferative activity [98] Proliferation assay based on SRB staining Anti-proliferative activity [125] Helioscopinolide E, helioscopinolide B (ent-abietane lactones) and naringenin (a flavonoid) Flavonoid Glycosides Proliferation assay based on SRB staining Anti-proliferative activity [126] Jaeschkeanadiol Phydroxybenzoate Flavonoids (luteolin and quercetin) Treatment with Cytotoxic activities tetracycline and fluorimetric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) , Western blotting and real-time quantitative RT-PCR Resazurin assay Anti-proliferative activity MTT assay, Western Anti-metastatic blotting and activity autoradiography, Immunoblot analysis, chemo-invasion assay by microscope and Woundhealing assay [35] [127] [66] Flavonoids (luteolin and quercetin) G2535 (a mixture of genistein and other isoflavones) Genistein (isoflavone) Genistein Genistein MTT assay, Western blotting, Histone-DNA ELISA and EMSA miRNA array, Real Western blot analysis,time RT-PCR, EMSA, using BD BioCoat Tumor Invasion Assay System and using Cell Proliferation Reagent WST-1 assay Clonogenic assay,MTT assay ,Wound healing assay,Sphere formation assay,Immunostaining assay and confocal microscopy Western blot analysis and real time RT-PCR MTT assay, Clonogenic survival assay, ELISA, Annexin V-FITC assay, Western blot analysis, spectrophotometric assay using whole-cell lysates using and Electrophoretic mobility shift assay MTT Assay, Clonogenic Assay, ELISA, real time RT-PCR,Western Blot Analysis,Immunofluores cence Microscopy, using Anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities Anti-metastatic activity [128] Anti-metastatic activity [68] Sensitizing drugresistant PC to OxP (Oxaliplatin) [176] Apoptotic activity [206] [58] Genistein Genistein Genistein Genistein Genistein + (-)Gossypol Genistein Genistein Genistein Human MMP-9 Activity Assay Kit, using the BD BioCoat Tumor Invasion Assay System and gene transfection MTT assay, UV light, ELISA, Western immunoblotting and EMSA MTT assay, ELISA, immunoblotting, EMSA MTT assay, ELISA , Flow Cytometry, Western Blot Analysis, real time RT-PCR and EMSA MTT assay, ELISA, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay and Western blotting MTT assay, ELISA, EMSA, Coimmunoprecipitation, Western blotting MTT assay, MTT assay, UV light, Western blot analysis and EMSA MTT assay, DAPI staining and Western blotting Bio-Rad protein assay, Augmenting cisplatin- induced killing [37] Potentiating anticancer effect of erlotinib and gemcitabine Anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities [203] Potentiating cisplatin-induced anti-tumor activity [179] ↑ Growth inhibition compared with either agent alone [207] [69] Potentiating the [178] gemcitabine-induced killing Apoptotic activity [157] Anti-proliferative [99] Genistein Immunoblotting and using TiterTACSi colorimetric apoptosis detection kit ELISA, EMSA and Northern blot analysis Genistein Ginkgo biloba L. Ginkgoaceae Extract Kaempferol (a flavonoid) Ginsenoside Rg3 (a glycoside) Haplophyll um perforatum Kar. & Kir. Rutaceae Haplamine (an alkaloid) Icogenin Lmperata cylindrica Poaceae Roots Indole-3-carbinol 3H-thymidine incorporation and MTS assay,LDH release from cells was determined by using an LDH detection kit and TUNEL Assay MTT assay,using invert microscope and flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining and Western blotting MTT assay, simultaneous staining with annexin V and propidium iodide and flow cytometry analysis transwell assay, MTT assay ,wound healing assay, Western blotting and zymography assay MTS assay Bio-Rad protein assay, Immunoblotting and activity Anti-angiogenic activity Anti-proliferative activity Anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity [14] Apoptotic activity [158] Apoptotic activity [159] Anti-metastatic activity [70] Anti-proliferative activity Apoptotic activity [12] [100] [129] [99] using TiterTACSi colorimetric apoptosis detection kit Indole-3-carbinol Inositol hexaphosphate Kayea assamica King & Prain Clusiaceae Flower Kayea assamica King & Prain Clusiaceae Flower MTT Assay and Annexin V-FITC binding was determined by flow cytometry Cell counting, Flow cytometric, Western Blot Analysis, Immunoprecipitation. Cell counting Isoprenoids (farnesol, geraniol and perillyl alcohol) Isoprenoids (farnesol, geranylgeraniol, perillyl amine, geraniol, and perillyl alcohol) Kayeassamins In vitro preferential (coumarins) cytotoxicity under the nutrient-deprived conditions,phasecontrast microscopy, Time- and concentrationdependent in vitro preferential cytotoxicity Kayeassamins A and In vitro preferential B cytotoxicity under the nutrient-deprived conditions, wound closure assay Enhanceing the efficacy of gemcitabine Anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities [180] Cell cycle arrest and anti-proliferative activities [28] Anti-proliferative activity [130] Cytotoxic activity [48] Cytotoxic activity [47] [209] Lilium Genus Melia volkensii Gürke Newbouldi a laevis Liliaceae Meliaceae Steroidal saponins Root bark Bignoniaceae Roots bark Lupeol (triterpene) MTT assay, [3H]Thymidine incorporation assay, Western blot analysis, fluorescence microscopy and dual-luciferase reporter assay system Lupeol MTT assay, fluorescence microscopy, TUNEL assay, BCA assay, Western blot analysis and Electrophoretic mobility shift assay Triterpenoids especially 3, 23,24diketomelianin B Monoterpenes ((+)Limonene, (+)- and (-)-perillyl alcohol, 7-methyl-perillyl alcohol, (+)limonene oxide and (+)-perillic acid methyl ester 2-acetylfuro-1,4naphthoquinone Resazurin assay, Flow cytometry and ChickenChorioallantoicmembran-Assay (CAMAssay) Anti-proliferative activity Apoptosis, antiproliferative, and anti-viability activities, and potentiating the effects of anti-tumor drugs and radiotherapy [101] Apoptosis, antiproliferative, and anti-viability activities [104] Cytotoxicity activity [54] Anti-proliferative activity [102] Cytotoxic, antiangiogenic, and cell cycle arrest activities [13] [103] Nigella sativa L. Nigella sativa L. Ranunculace ae Thymoquinone Ranunculace ae Thymoquinone Nigella sativa L. Ranunculace ae Nigella sativa L. Ranunculace ae Seed/extract Thymoquinone Thymoquinone Cytotoxicity was calculated by substituting the corresponding mean fluorescence values in equation, Western blot analysis, Confocal microscopy, reverse RTPCR and realtime PCR, analysis of MUC4 expression, Woundhealing assay, Transwell assay by staining with Diff-Quick cell staining, using Annexin VFLUOS staining kit and Microarray analysis Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Luciferase-labelled promoter studies, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. MTT assay, ELISA, Western blot analysis, Caspase activity assays by a colorimetric assay, using PGE2 highsensitivity immunoassay kit, flow cytometry and Anti-metastatic activity [71] Anti-metastatic and apoptotic activity [72] Anti-inflammatory activity [80] Potentiating antitumor activity of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin [181] EMSA Nigella sativa L. Panax ginseng Ranunculace ae Araliaceae Alpha-hederin and thymoquinone Root Ginsenoside Rg3 Parthenolide (PTL) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) Invasion assay by phasecontrast microscope Trypan blue staining, annexin V/propidium iodide staining, 4',6diamidino-2phenylindole HCl staining, TUNEL assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, and clonogenic assay Perillyl alcohol Perillyl alcohol [3H]thymidine incorportation, using Oncor’s ApopTag kit and Western Blotting, Perillyl alcohol Petunia punctata Paxton Solanaceae Crude extract Piper capense L.f. Plumbago zeylanica L. Piperaceae Seeds Plumbaginac eae PC biosensor-based cell attachment assay, MTT assay, Caspase-3 activity quantification assay MTS assay Plumbagin (a quinoid) Liu's staining and transmission electron microscopy, measuring Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities [55] Anti-metastatic activity Apoptotic activity [73] Anti-proliferative activity Apoptotic activity [105] Anti-proliferative activity Apoptotic activity [106] Anti-proliferative activity [12] Apoptotic activity [144] [209] [148] [38] the proportions of subG(1), TUNEL assay, Annexin-V binding analysis and fluorometric substrate assay Plumbago Plumbaginac scandens L. eae Roots Plumbagin Polyphenols (quercetin, rutin, trans-resveratrol, and genistein) Prunus mume Siebold et Zuccarini Rosaceae Extract (MK615) Pterostilbene Punica granatum L. Lythraceae Fruit Ellagic acid, luteolin, and ursolic acid Annexin-V staining, caspase-3 substrate asaay, Western blot analysis, measuring the retention of the dye 3,3´_dihexyloxacarbocya nine and EMSA MTS assay , enzymelinked immunoassay (ELISA), CytoTox 96® Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay ,Real-time PCR ,Western blotting and flow cytometry. Cell counting by hemocytometer, MTT assay, ELISA,measuring caspase-3/7 substrate, Flow Cytometery, SRB assay, staining with propidium iodide,RNase and TritonX-100 , Annexin V staining, Caspase-3 Anti-proliferative activity Anti-proliferative activity [107] Anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, and cell cycle arrest activities [33] Anti-proliferative activity [113] Cell cycle arrest and anti-proliferative activities [32] [74] Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Warb. Myristicacea e stem Bark/ dichloromethane extract The lignans (−)dihydroguaiaretic acid, 4,4′-diacetyl3,3′dimethoxylignan and 4′-hydroxy3,3′,4trimethoxylignan Quercetin Quercetin Quercetin Resveratrol Resveratrol activity assay and FACS-Calibur Proliferation assay based on sulforhodamine B (SRB) staining Sulphorhodamine B (SRB) protein staining method, comet and TUNEL assays Western blot analysis and Immunostaining Annexin V staining, MTT assay, Spheroid assay, Colony formation assays, flow cytometry, Western blot analysis CCK-8 assay , flow cytometery, real-time RT-PCR , Western blotting and luciferase reporter assay XTT assay, soft agar assay,TUNEL assay flow cytometry, fluorescence technique, Antiproliferative activity [98] Anti-proliferative activity and potentiating the effects of anti-tumor drugs Apoptotic activity [182] Anti-metastatic activity and apoptotic activities, and synergistic effects with sulforaphane Anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity [17] Anti-proliferative activity [109] [145] [108] Resveratrol Resveratrol Resveratrol Resveratrol Resveratrol Resveratrol gelshift and luciferase assay Western blotting analysis, MTT assay and flow cytometry Tumor Spheroid Assay, Soft agar colony assay, Transwell Migration and assay with crystal violet staining , Caspase-3/7 Assay, Western Blot Analysis and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot, LTB4 production by LTB4 EIA kit, measuring Absorbance at 492 nm for Proliferation, MTT assay, fluorescence microscopy, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, Calcein AM method, JC1 staining method, CMH2DCFDA method and Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) method Cell counting, Oligonucleotide Microarray Gene Expression Analysis, RNA extraction , real- Apoptotic activity [146] Anti-metastatic activity [75] Anti-proliferative activity [111] Anti-proliferative activity [112] Apoptotic activity [147] Anti-proliferative activity [110] Resveratrol Resveratrol Rheum palmatum L. Rheum palmatum L. Polygonacea e Polygonacea e Roots Emodin Emodin Emodin time RT-PCR, Short interfering RNA (siRNA) Experiments and Western Blotting Gel Shift Assays, Western Blot Analysis, Src KinaseAssay, MTT assay and Flow Cytometry FACS analysis of DNA fragmentation of propidium iodide-stained nuclei or by annexin V staining ,crystal violet staining, using rabbit anti-active caspase-3 polyclonal antibody,flow cytometry, RTPCR.Western Blot Analysis. Mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Western blot analysis MTT assay, Caspase 3 activity assay, Annexin V binding assay, RTPCR, Protein extraction ,Western blotting, Immunofluorescence analysis, Propidium iodide flow cytometry cell cycle analysis, and poly-ADP- Apoptotic activity [148] Enhancing the efficacy of TRAILbased therapies [183] Anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic activities Increasing gemcitabine antitumor activity [64] Anti-proliferative activity [114] [174] ribose polymerase (PARP) Western blot analysis Rotula aquatica Lour Rubus Boraginaceae Root/aqueous extract Rosaceae Papaveracea Sanguinari e family a canadensis, Chelidoniu m majus and and Argemone mexicana Scutellaria Lamiaceae baicalensis Georgi Tannins Extract Extract Sanguinarine (an alkaloid) Trypan blue exclusion assay, Clonogenic assay, flow cytometry Western blot analysis, RT-PCR analysis, Baicalein MTT assay and 5bromo-2′-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) Labeling and Detection Kit III, Cell Death Detection ELISAPlus kit, Hoechst 33258 staining, BCA Protein Assay, immunoblotting, Western blot analysis, caspase-Glo™ 3/7assay, Immunoprecipitation, RNA interference, iScript cDNA synthesis, iQ™ SYBR Green Anti-proliferative activity [115] Potentiating radiotherapy induced cell death Apoptotic activity [164] Apoptotic activity [150] [149] Supermix (Bio-Rad) and specific intron-spanning primers Semecarpu s anacardiu m L.f. and Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen Sophora flavescens AIT Sophora flavescens AIT Anacardiacea Stem bark of S. e and anacardium and Fabaceae heart wood of D. odorifera Butein (a chalconoid) Fabaceae Matrine MTT assay, flow cytometry Fabaceae Oxymatrine MTT assay, flow cytometry RT-PCR assay, and Western blotting (3R)-dunnione , (3R)-α-dunnione and (3R)-7hydroxy-α-dunnione (furanonaphthoquin ones) Parthenolide (a sesquiterpene lactone) Intracellular acid phosphatase analysis Streptocarp Gesneriaceae us dunnii Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip. Asteraceae Seeds Anti-metastatic activity [76] Anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity Apoptotic activity [119] Anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities [120] MTT assay, flow Anti-proliferative cytometry, DNA and apoptotic fragmentation analysis, activities Wound closure assay, Cell invasion assay under a phase-contrast microscope, and Western Blotting [121] [151] Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip. Asteraceae Parthenolide Cell Growth by colorimetric cell proliferation kit, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, Western Blotting and ELISA MTT assays, colony count, flow cytometry., Annexin V assay and Western blottin, Trichosant hes kirilowii Maximowic z Tripterygiu m wilfordii Hook.f. Cucurbitacea e Cucurbitacin B Celastraceae Triptolide (diterpene triepoxide) MTS assay, and fluorescence- activated cell sorting (FACS) assays Tripterygiu m wilfordii Hook.f. Celastraceae Triptolide Tripterygiu m wilfordii Hook.f. Celastraceae Triptolide Tripterygiu m wilfordii Celastraceae Triptolide Colorimetric assays, Annexin V staining ,propidium iodide staining, acridine orange staining, flow cytometry, Transfection With Short Interfering RNA, Immunofluorescenc, and Western Blot Using Dojindo Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, Caspase-Glo luminescent-based assays, and Western Blotting MTT assay, Annexin V binding assay, TUNEL Anti-proliferative activity and synergistic effect with sulindac [122] Apoptotic activity and potentiating anti-proliferative effects of gemcitabine Synergistic cytotoxic effect with hydroxycamptotheci n Autophagy and apoptotic activities [152] Synergistic cytotoxic effect with hydroxycamptotheci n [185] Apoptotic activity [153] [184] [19] Hook.f. Tripterygiu m wilfordii Hook.f. Celastraceae Triptolide Tripterygiu m wilfordii Hook.f. Celastraceae Triptolide Tripterygiu m wilfordii Hook.f. Celastraceae Triptolide Trigonella foenumgraecum L. Fabaceae Seeds Triticum Poaceae Wheat assay and Real-time PCR Using the Dojindo Cell Counting Kit-8, Annexin V staining, TUNEL assay, Caspase-Glo luminescent-based assays, ELISA, Quantitative real-time PCR, andWestern blotting SRB assay, Clonogenic survival assay, Flow cytometry, JC-1 staining, fluorescent substrate assay, and Western blot analysis Trypan blue staining, DAPI staining, Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidiu m iodide assay, Western blot analysis, fluorometric assays, and ELISA MTT assay, flow cytometry, Ethidium bromide-calcein cytotoxic assay, Western blotting and phosphoprotein array hybridization Apoptotic activity [155] Enhancing apoptosis [186] in combination by IR Apoptotic activity [154] Anti-proliferative activity [116] Anti-proliferative [123] spp. Triticum spp. germ/extract Poaceae Agglutinin (Lectin) Vallaris glabra Kuntz. Apocynaceae Leaves Acoschimperoside P, 2'-acetate Vismia laurentii Clusiaceae Xanthone V(1) Vitex negundo L. Lamiaceae Xylopia aethiopica Annonaceae Seeds and twigs Chrysoplenetin and chrysosplenol Seeds activity Anti-proliferative activity lectin blot analysis, [(3)H]thymidine incorporation assay, chromatin labeling by 6diamidino-2phenylindole-dilactate (DAPI) , (ELISA) analysis by 5¢-Bromo2¢-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling kit and Fluorescent microscopy Bright-GloTM Cytotoxic activity Luciferase Assay System (Promega) and fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA), FMCA using a fluorescence platereader and Western blotting analysis Resazurin assay; Flow Cytotoxic, anticytometry and Chicken- angiogenic and Chorioallantoicinducing cell cycle membran-Assay (CAM- arrest activities Assay) just for xanthone V(1) Cytotoxic activity [117] MTS assay and CAMassay [12] Anti-proliferative activity [56] [13] [57] Zizyphus cambodian a Rhamnaceae Leaves/methanol extract Colubrinic acid, betulinic acid, and alphitolic acid (pentacyclic triterpenes) GLI1-mediated Cytotoxic activity transcriptional activity Assay by Tetracycline, Western blotting analysis, fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) and real time RT-PCR analysis [37]
