Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
CH 1 QUIZ
1. Which of the following descriptions is correct regarding an acute injury?
A. Develops over a long period of time
B. No clear causative mechanism
C. Vague or absent signs and symptoms
D. Characterized by rapid onset, resulting from a traumatic event
E. None of the above are correct
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2. The “magnitude of a single force for which the anatomical structure of interest is damaged” is
known as
Critical force
Minimal force
Magnetic force
Mechanism of injury
None of the above are correct
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3. Which of the following descriptions is correct regarding a chronic injury?
Characterized by rapid onset, resulting from a traumatic event
Obvious, clearly identifiable causative mechanism
Usually associated with a significant traumatic event
Characterized by a slow, insidious onset
All of these describe a chronic injury
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4. Which of the following is correct regarding the term sprain?
This injury involves ligament tissue.
A third degree sprain is the least severe form.
Little hemorrhage will be associated with a third-degree sprain.
Second-degree sprains rarely recur.
All of the above are correct regarding the term sprain.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
5. Which of the following terms denotes the formation of a bone-like structure within muscle tissue,
often related to severe contusion?
Hematoma
Ecchymosis
Myositis ossificans
Subluxation
Epidemiology
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
6. Which of the following sports would be classified as non-contact?
Baseball
Diving
Soccer
Skating (ice)
Badminton
True and False
7. True or false? Contusions are the most frequent sports injury, regardless of sport.
8. True or false? Strains are injuries to ligaments, capsules, and cartilage
9. True or false? Baseball-related deaths have been reported as a result of players being struck in the
chest by a ball.
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
10. True or false? In interscholastic girls’ volleyball, knee injuries composed 11.1% of the injuries
reported in the survey.
CH 2 QUIZ
1. According to the text, there has been a ______ increase in the number of sports medicine centers
in the United States.
A. 25%
B. 3000%
C. 300%
D. 100%
2. Which one of the following list of services is not available to the typical professional athlete?
A. Supervised conditioning program
B. Nutrition education and dietary counseling
C. Proper instruction on sport skills
D. Wrapping, bracing, and taping
E. All of the above are available to the typical professional
3. Based on the latest BOC role delineation study, certified athletic trainers provide all but which of
the following services in a wide array of professional settings?
A. Prevention
B. Clinical evaluation and diagnosis
C. Immediate care
D. Treatment, rehabilitation, and reconditioning
E. All of these are included in the education of a BOC-certified athletic trainer
4. Which one of the following is the most cost-effective way to employ a BOC athletic trainer in a
school?
A. Teacher/athletic trainer combination
B. Full-time athletic trainer
C. Graduate assistant athletic trainer
D. Contract athletic trainer from local PT clinic
5. True or False: Please Circle
6. True or false? The field of sports medicine has grown in recent years to include professionals
such as chiropractors, cardiologists, physical therapists, sports psychologists, as well as others.
7. True or false? There has been little growth in the number of sports medicine clinics nationwide in
recent years.
8. True or false? Team physicians report the major reason they get involved with sports is for the
money.
9. Name at least 4 people that are part of the Athletic Health Care Team. (4 points)
10. Define Sports Medicine: (3 points)
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
CH 3 QUIZ
Multiple Choice:
1. Which of the following terms denotes the concept that the plaintiff is found to be responsible for
the injury, in part, or totally?
A. Duty
B. Comparative
C. Negligence
D. Contributory Negligence
E. Tort
2. When the plaintiff assumes responsibility for injury, or in other words, he or she agrees to
participate when there is a chance of suffering an injury, the athlete’s actions fall under which of
the following legal tenets?
A. Contributory Negligence
B. Breach of Duty
C. Tort
D. Assumption of Risk
E. None of these
3. Which one of the following terms best fits the statement, “the failure to do what is reasonably
careful and prudent person would have done under the same or like circumstances”?
A. Contributory negligence
B. Breach of duty
C. Assumption of risk
D. Negligence
4. Which one the following would be a logical reason for the increase in sports-related lawsuits?
A. Increased participation
B. Greater visibility of sports via the media
C. Increased consumer awareness about sports products/services
D. All of the above
True or False:
5. True or false? The legal tenet known commonly as an “act of God” holds that an injury occurred
as a result of factors beyond the control of the defendant.
6. True or false? From a legal standpoint, coaches employed by governmental agencies enjoy total
immunity from lawsuits because of the doctrine of sovereign immunity.
7. True or false? In case of lawsuit, it is best to resist the temptation to write a detailed description of
all events leading up to and immediately following the injury because this information is of little
value.
Short Answer:
8. What are the four elements that must be present in order to prove negligence? (4 points)
9. List and describe 3 of the reasons a coach may be found negligent. (there are 7)
10. List 3 of the nine steps that can reduce a coach’s chances of being sued.
11. How many states currently require athletic trainers to be licensed to practice? (bonus)
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
CH 4 QUIZ
Multiple Choice
1. Which one of the following is not considered to be an extrinsic factor related to sports injury?
A. Equipment
B. Environment
C. Type of activity
D. Muscle strength
E. All of these are extrinsic factors
2. Which one of the following factors would not be a possible factor in a football-related injury?
A. Player skill
B. Player age
C. Ham/quad ratio
D. Playing surface
E. All of these could be possible factors
3. According to the “periodization” model for conditioning, which of the following is incorrect
regarding a mesocycle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Consists of several successive microcycles
Leads to a specific conditioning goal
There will be a transition phase between two mesocycles
A mesocycle length is normally one to two weeks
A mesocycle is the intermediate level component of a periodized program,
falling between a microcycle and a macrocycle.
4. Which one of the following factors does not contribute to the ROM around a joint?
A. Bone structure
B. Tissue mass surrounding the joint
C. Extensibility of tendons, ligaments, muscles, and skin
D. Chronological age and gender
E. All of these can contribute to ROM
5. Which of the following statements is false regarding the relationship between fatigue and sports
injury?
A. Fatigue has no effect on muscle strength in the short term.
B. Fatigue will have a detrimental effect on reaction time.
C. Fatigue will have a detrimental effect on neuromuscular coordination.
D. Fatigue will have a detrimental effect on agility.
E. All of the above are true regarding the relationship between fatigue and sports
injury.
6. Which of the following is not a form of stretching technique?
A. Ballistic
B. Static
C. PNF
D. Passive
E. All of these are stretching techniques
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
7. All but which one of the following increase the risk of upper extremity musculoskeletal injury?
A. Shoulder girdle weakness
B. Ligamentous laxity
C. Tight shoulder muscles
D. All of the above increase the risk of injury
8. Which of the following is not considered a musculoskeletal risk factor for the lower extremities?
A. Joint malalignments
B. Weak lower extremity musculature
C. Tight hamstrings
D. Poor stretching
E. All of these are risk factors.
9. A type of stretching technique that incorporates rapid, powerful contractions of muscles in order to
force a joint to a greater ROM is which of the following?
A. Ballistic
B. Static
C. PNF
D. Passive
E. None of these
10. Extrinsic risk factors to sports injuries include
A. Practice environment, facilities, and equipment.
B. Competitive environment, officiating, and coaching.
C. Practice environment, peer pressure, and coaching.
D. A and B are correct
11. List 4 of the seven components of fitness as described in the chapter.
12. What is the meaning of the acronym ROM.
13. True or False: According to the chapter, athletes, regardless of sport, can benefit from possessing
a relatively high level of aerobic fitness.
14. True or false? Research indicates that static forms of stretching may be the most effective when
compared to other forms.
15. True or false? Many of the intrinsic risk factors can be significantly modified as a result of an
effective conditioning program and coaching
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
CH 1-4 Test
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following descriptions is correct regarding an acute injury?
A. Develops over a long period of time
B. No clear causative mechanism
C. Vague or absent signs and symptoms
D. Characterized by rapid onset, resulting from a traumatic event
E. None of the above are correct
2. The “magnitude of a single force for which the anatomical structure of interest is damaged” is
known as
A. Critical force
B. Minimal force
C. Magnetic force
D. Mechanism of injury
E. None of the above are correct
3. Which of the following descriptions is correct regarding a chronic injury?
A. Characterized by rapid onset, resulting from a traumatic event
B. Obvious, clearly identifiable causative mechanism
C. Usually associated with a significant traumatic event
D. Characterized by a slow, insidious onset
E. All of these describe a chronic injury
4. Which of the following muscle contraction types has been identified as a causative factor in
tendon injury?
A. Concentric contraction
B. Static (isometric) contraction
C. Isokinetic contraction
D. Eccentric contraction
E. None of the above has been linked to tendon injury
5. By definition, “soft tissue” structures include all but which of the following?
A. Tendon
B. Ligament
C. Fascia
D. Cartilage
E. Bone
6. Which of the following descriptions is incorrect regarding catastrophic injury in the context of
high school and collegiate sports?
A. Sport injury that results in a brain or spinal cord injury
B. Involves damage to the brain and/or spinal cord and is potentially life threatening or
permanent
C. Always results in death of the participant
D. Indirect catastrophic injuries are caused by systemic failure related to exertion or by
secondary complication
E. All of the above are correct regarding catastrophic injury
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
7. Which of the following is correct regarding the term sprain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
This injury involves ligament tissue.
A third degree sprain is the least severe form.
Little hemorrhage will be associated with a third-degree sprain.
Second-degree sprains rarely recur.
All of the above are correct regarding the term sprain.
8. Which of the following is correct regarding the term strain?
A. This injury involves ligament tissue.
B. This injury involves tissues such as tendon, muscle, and the musculotendinous junction.
C. First-degree strains are the most severe form of this injury.
D. Third-degree strains involve little associated damage to muscle and tendon structures.
E. All of the above are correct regarding the term strain.
9. Which of the following terms denotes the formation of a bone-like structure within muscle tissue,
often related to severe contusion?
A. Hematoma
B. Ecchymosis
C. Myositis ossificans
D. Subluxation
E. Epidemiology
10. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding dislocation types of injury?
A. Defined as a “displacement of contiguous surfaces of bones composing a joint”
B. May involve a subluxation, which is a partial displacement of the bones in a joint
C. May involve a luxation, which is a total displacement of bone which compose a joint
D. Is generally accepted as OK for coaching personnel to reduce a dislocation in the field
without medical assistance
E. May present many of the same signs and symptoms of sprains
11. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding a stress fracture?
A. This injury occurs when bone is subjected to repeated episodes of overloading that
exceed the rate of recovery.
B. Usually there is an absence of trauma in the presence of symptoms.
C. Typically the athlete with a stress fracture is involved in a repetitive activity.
D. Stress fractures are easily diagnosed in the initial phase with a standard X-ray.
E. All of the statements are correct.
12. Which of the following sports would be classified as non-contact?
A. Baseball
B. Diving
C. Soccer
D. Skating (ice)
E. Badminton
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
13. The most recent data (2005–06 winter sports season) available from the National Collegiate
Athletic Association's Injury Surveillance System (NCAA-ISS) for basketball indicates that
which of the following statements is true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Men sustained more ACL injuries than women during the 2002–03 season.
Women’s practice ACL injury rate was seven times greater than men’s.
Men's game ACL injury rate was five times greater than that seen for women.
Women's game ACL injury rate was three times higher than for men
There was no difference in practice or game ACL injury rates for men and women.
14. Which of the following is incorrect regarding BOC-certified athletic trainers?
A. Recognized as allied health professionals by the American Medical Association.
B. In order to remain certified, an athletic trainer must earn CEUs.
C. In order to sit for the BOC certification examination, the student is required to
accumulate clinical hours of experience.
D. Anyone wishing to take the BOC certification examination must be a graduate of a
CAATE-accredited educational program in athletic training.
E. All of the above are correct statements.
15. According to the text, there has been a ______ increase in the number of sports medicine centers
in the United States.
A. 25%
B. 3000%
C. 300%
D. 100%
16. A recent study of salaries for high school athletic trainers nationally found the average salary to
be approximately
A. $18.5k.
B. $55k.
C. $25k.
D. $44k.
17. Which one of the following list of services is not available to the typical professional athlete?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Supervised conditioning program
Nutrition education and dietary counseling
Proper instruction on sport skills
Wrapping, bracing, and taping
All of the above are available to the typical professional
18. It is generally acknowledged that more sports medicine services in the future will be provided by
which one of the following?
A. Orthopedic surgeons
B. Chiropractors
C. Exercise physiologists
D. Podiatrists
E. Primary-care physicians
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
19. Research conducted by Rogers (1985) found that many team physicians reported they became
involved with sports because of which one of the following?
A. Financial reward
B. Strong personal interest
C. Public recognition and subsequent fame
D. Forced to do so out of fear of litigation
E. Have a relative or friend on the team
20. According to the ACSM, the team physician should provide all but which one of the following?
A. Manage injuries on the field
B. Coordinate PPE screening, examination, and evaluation
C. Provide for proper preparation for safe return to participation after an illness or injury
D. Provide for proper event coverage
E. All of the above are duties that should be provided by the team physician
21. Based on the latest BOC role delineation study, certified athletic trainers provide all but which of
the following services in a wide array of professional settings?
A. Prevention
B. Clinical evaluation and diagnosis
C. Immediate care
D. Treatment, rehabilitation, and reconditioning
E. All of these are included in the education of a BOC-certified athletic trainer
22. Which one of the following is the most cost-effective way to employ a BOC athletic trainer in a
school?
A. Teacher/athletic trainer combination
B. Full-time athletic trainer
C. Graduate assistant athletic trainer
D. Contract athletic trainer from local PT clinic
23. To cause harm to someone, other than a breach of contact, in legal terminology constitutes which
one of the following?
A. Duty
B. Proximate Cause
C. Omission
D. Negligence
E. Tort
24. Which of the following terms denotes the concept that the plaintiff is found to be responsible for
the injury, in part, or totally?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Duty
Comparative
Negligence
Contributory Negligence
Tort
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
25. When the plaintiff assumes responsibility for injury, or in other words, he or she agrees to
participate when there is a chance of suffering an injury, the athlete’s actions fall under which of
the following legal tenets?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Contributory Negligence
Breach of Duty
Tort
Assumption of Risk
None of these
26. Which of the following would not constitute negligence on the part of the coach?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Failure to provide proper equipment
Failure to supervise
Moving or improperly treating an injured athlete
Failure to warn
All of these can constitute negligence
27. The assumption of protection of coaches from litigation based upon their employment by a
government agency is known as which one of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Duty
Tort
Act of omission
Assumption of risk
Doctrine of sovereign immunity
28. Which one of the following terms best fits the statement, “the failure to do what is reasonably
careful and prudent person would have done under the same or like circumstances”?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Contributory negligence
Breach of duty
Assumption of risk
Negligence
29. Which of the following might be named as a defendant in a school sports-related tort claim?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Coach
Official
School district
Athletic director
All of these could be named
30. Which one the following would be a logical reason for the increase in sports-related lawsuits?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Increased participation
Greater visibility of sports via the media
Increased consumer awareness about sports products/services
All of the above
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
31. Which one of the following is not considered to be an extrinsic factor related to sports injury?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Equipment
Environment
Type of activity
Muscle strength
All of these are extrinsic factors
32. Which one of the following factors would not be a possible factor in a football-related injury?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Player skill
Player age
Ham/quad ratio
Playing surface
All of these could be possible factors
33. According to the “periodization” model for conditioning, which of the following is incorrect
regarding a mesocycle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Consists of several successive microcycles
Leads to a specific conditioning goal
There will be a transition phase between two mesocycles
A mesocycle length is normally one to two weeks
A mesocycle is the intermediate level component of a periodized program, falling
between a microcycle and a macrocycle.
34. Which one of the following factors does not contribute to the ROM around a joint?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Bone structure
Tissue mass surrounding the joint
Extensibility of tendons, ligaments, muscles, and skin
Chronological age and gender
All of these can contribute to ROM
35. Which of the following statements is false regarding the relationship between fatigue and sports
injury?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Fatigue has no effect on muscle strength in the short term.
Fatigue will have a detrimental effect on reaction time.
Fatigue will have a detrimental effect on neuromuscular coordination.
Fatigue will have a detrimental effect on agility.
All of the above are true regarding the relationship between fatigue and sports injury.
36. Which of the following is not a form of stretching technique?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Ballistic
Static
PNF
Passive
All of these are stretching techniques
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
37. All but which one of the following increase the risk of upper extremity musculoskeletal injury?
A. Shoulder girdle weakness
B. Ligamentous laxity
C. Tight shoulder muscles
D. All of the above increase the risk of injury
38. Which of the following is not considered a musculoskeletal risk factor for the lower extremities?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Joint malalignments
Weak lower extremity musculature
Tight hamstrings
Poor stretching
All of these are risk factors.
39. A type of stretching technique that incorporates rapid, powerful contractions of muscles in order
to force a joint to a greater ROM is which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Ballistic
Static
PNF
Passive
None of these
40. Factors contributing to the development of comprehensive guidelines regarding preparticipation
physical evaluations (PPE) include
A.
B.
C.
D.
The growth in number of participants in sports.
The difficulty in monitoring health of incoming student-athletes.
The likelihood of getting sued.
All of the above.
41. The best time to use static stretching is
A.
B.
C.
D.
At the beginning of the workout to increase blood flow to the area.
In between particular exercises.
Any time.
At the end of a workout because of increased blood flow.
42. A conditioning program consists of
A.
B.
C.
D.
General and functional conditioning.
General and sport-specific conditioning.
Functional and foundational conditioning.
None of the above are correct.
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
43. Extrinsic risk factors to sports injuries include
A.
B.
C.
D.
Practice environment, facilities, and equipment.
Competitive environment, officiating, and coaching.
Practice environment, peer pressure, and coaching.
A and B are correct
TRUE AND FALSE
44. True or false? The doctrine of “comparative negligence” allows for the plaintiff to be found either
partially or totally responsible for the injury.
45. True or false? The legal tenet known commonly as an “act of God” holds that an injury occurred
as a result of factors beyond the control of the defendant.
46. True or false? Volunteer coaches need not worry about securing a contract for their services.
47. True or false? From a legal standpoint, coaches employed by governmental agencies enjoy total
immunity from lawsuits because of the doctrine of sovereign immunity.
48. True or false? A comprehensive suggested protocol for a preparticipation physical evaluation
(PPE) can be obtained by contacting the American Academy of Family Physicians.
49. True or false? According to the text, failure to warn has never been found to be a negligent action
on the part of a coach.
50. True or false? Acting in an improper way is a form of negligence known as an act of omission.
51. True or false? Tort claims generally ask the court for monetary reward for damages.
52. True or false? In case of lawsuit, it is best to resist the temptation to write a detailed description of
all events leading up to and immediately following the injury because this information is of little
value.
53. True or false? In the event of a lawsuit, the defendant is advised not to speak to any member of
the media or any other party(s) without the advice of an attorney.
54. True or false? A study of high school tackle football injuries by Ramirez and colleagues found
that the highest rates of injury occurred during games.
55. True or false? Data clearly indicate that overall injuries to women are gender specific rather than
sports specific.
56. True or false? Overhead strokes in sports such as tennis place significant stress on structures such
as the rotator cuff.
57. True or false? Contusions are the most frequent sports injury, regardless of sport.
58. True or false? Strains are injuries to ligaments, capsules, and cartilage.
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
59. True or false? Crepitation involves a grating sensation within the limb, often associated with a
fracture.
60. True or false? Ankle injuries were found to be the most common sports injury for both sexes
associated with basketball.
61. True or false? Male basketball players sustain more knee injuries that their female counterparts.
62. True or false? Throwing with a side-arm technique can reduce the risk of elbow injury in Little
League.
63. True or false? Baseball-related deaths have been reported as a result of players being struck in the
chest by a ball.
64. True or false? In interscholastic wrestling, the most common body areas involved in injuries are
the shoulder/arm, knee, and forearm/wrist/hand.
65. True or false? In interscholastic girls’ volleyball, knee and ankle injuries compose the majority of
total injuries
66. True or false? Injuries are a consistent problem with sport participation.
67. True or false? A Salter-Harris fracture involves a crushing injury of the epiphysis plate
68. True or false? Epidemiology is the study of the distribution of disease or injury in the human
population for the purpose of identifying and implementing measures to prevent the development
or spread.
69. True or false? The most common types of injuries to athletes are sprains and fractures.
70. True or false? With few exceptions, the health care of professional and college athletes was
traditionally the domain of the family practice physician.
71. True or false? The field of sports medicine has grown in recent years to include professionals
such as chiropractors, cardiologists, physical therapists, sports psychologists, as well as others.
72. True or false? BOC-certified athletic trainers are now recognized as allied health professionals by
the AMA.
73. True or false? There has been little growth in the number of sports medicine clinics nationwide in
recent years.
74. True or false? School administrators sometimes believe they cannot afford to hire a BOCcertified athletic trainer.
75. True or false? A recent salary study of high school athletic trainers national found the average
salary to be under $22,000.
76. True or false? To become a BOC-certified athletic trainer, one must complete both academic and
clinical requirements and successfully pass the certification examination.
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
77. True or false? The most cost-effective approach for a public school to employ an athletic trainer
appears to be by hiring an athletic trainer who also teaches within the school.
78. True or false? BOC-certified athletic trainers receive comprehensive education in a variety of
areas with the exception of rehabilitation of injuries.
79. True or false? Sports medicine fellowships are available for those physicians who wish to earn an
additional credential known as the Certificate of Added Qualification (CEQ).
80. True or false? Team physicians report the major reason they get involved with sports is for the
money.
81. True or False: The dietary habits of any athlete, regardless of sport, have a profound influence on
overall performance and on recovery from injury
82. True or False: The first thing to do if you are sued is to phone your insurance company and your
lawyer.
SHORT ANSWER
83. List the areas of comprehensive education that athletic trainers receive as specified by the
NATA.
84. List the four (4) elements of negligence as shown in Chapter 3.
85. List the three levels of sprains, beginning with the least severe form and ending with the most
severe.
86. What are the most commonly used criteria for defining a sports injury?
87. What makes a stress fracture unique when compared with other types of fractures?
88. What is the most frequent injury in basketball?
89. What piece of equipment related to soccer has been found to play a direct role in the majority of
deaths related to this sport?
90. Who is most often the first to arrive at the scene of an injury?
91. List the seven components of fitness as described in the chapter.
92. What is the meaning of the acronym ROM.
93. Why is it important for coaches, administrators, and athletic trainers to monitor extrinsic risk
factors for sports injury?
94. What are the 4 different types of stretching?
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
95. List the 7 potential negligent actions by coaches.
96. 3. What are the four elements that must be present in order to prove negligence?
97. Outline 5 of the 9 steps that can reduce a coach’s chances of being sued.
98. What are the four legal doctrines that may be used to defeat a negligence suit
99. How many states currently require athletic trainers to be licensed to practice?
100.
Briefly describe the two types of negligence—commission and omission—mentioned in
the chapter.
101.
What are the negative aspects of working as an athletic trainer for a professional team
CH 5 QUIZ
1. According to the text, Rosen (1986) found that ____ of athletes thought pathogenic eating
behaviors were harmless.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
30%
70%
95%
15%
3%
2. Bulimia nervosa is characterized by what common behaviors? List at least 3
3. In spite of improved treatment programs, experts on eating disorders report that ______ of
patients will not respond to therapy.
TRUE AND FALSE:
4.
True or false? Eating disorders can lead to chronic conditions such as osteoporosis and
amenorrhea.
5. True or false? Trait anxiety has to do with one’s “general disposition or tendency to perceive
certain situations as threatening and to react with an anxiety response.”
6. True or false? It is important when treating an injured athlete to treat the injury only, not the
athlete.
7.
True or false? The potential for serious problems caused by seasonal affective disorder is
relatively low because athletes who have the condition usually seek medical attention.
8. True or false? Seasonal affective disorder symptoms usually occur during the spring and fall
months.
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
9. True or False: High levels of stress in athletes can result in physical fatigue as well as reduced
peripheral vision
SHORT ANSWER:
10. What does the term locus of control mean? Please discuss in your answer the difference between
internal locus of control and external locus of control.
11. What are some of the physical and psychological problems associated with both anorexia and
bulimia?
12. What are the main differences between anorexia and bulimia?
13. List the four steps of the stress model
CH 6 QUIZ
Multiple Choice
1. According to a study authored by Parr, Porter, and Hodgson, which one of the following groups
was found to be most knowledgeable regarding nutrition information?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Parents
Coaches
Athletic trainers
Media
Athletes
2. Which one of the following amounts best represents the reported daily iron loss in female athletes
during menstruation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2 milligrams
20 milligrams
15 grams
50 grams
100 milligrams
3. Which one of the following amounts best represents the recommended daily protein intake for
adolescent athletes/kilogram body weight?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1.5–2.0 grams
20 grams
200 grams
200 milligrams
1.5–2.0 milligrams
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
4. Which of the following is responsible for iron loss leading to iron deficiency?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Sweating
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Red blood cell destruction (hemolysis)
Menstruation
All of these
5. Which one of the following is NOT a problem related to repeated bouts of rapid weight loss?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Increased blood viscosity
Strength increases
Blood clots
Swelling of the pancreas
Ulcers
6. According to sports scientists, which of the following refers to recommended percentages of
protein and fat in the diet?
A.
B.
C.
D.
10–15% protein, 30% fat
30% protein, 10–15% fat
60% protein, 10–15% fat
None of these
7. Which of the following figures represents the minimal competitive weight for a male gymnast
who weighs 135 lbs. and has 10% body fat?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
112.00 lbs.
127.89 lbs.
116.10 lbs.
57.21 lbs.
None of these weights
8. Which one of the following is the correct fat weight of a 185 lb. individual who has 18% body
fat?
A.
B.
C.
D.
18 lbs.
122 lbs..
33.30 lbs
3.30 lbs.
9. Which of the following terms denotes a sugar molecule that consists of two monosaccharides?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Disaccharide
Bisaccharide
Polysaccharide
Glycerol
Fatty acid
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
10. The recommended minimum percent body fat for a male athlete is
A.
B.
C.
D.
3%
6%
5%
10%
True/False
11. True or false? According to a survey of coaches, the majority of coaches had adequate training in
nutrition.
12. True or false? The technical term for destruction of red blood cells is hemolysis.
13. True or false? In a survey of female gymnasts, Moffatt (1984) found the majority of the athletes
consumed an adequate amount of calories for their needs.
14. True or false? While the majority of athletes need not consume vitamin and mineral supplements,
some, particularly females, may need to consume supplemental iron.
15. True or false? LBW stands for “lean body weight” and essentially represents the weight of the
body minus any fat weight.
16. True or false? Experts recommend that female athletes should not allow their body fat levels to
drop below 8–10%.
17. Anabolic steroids are legal products, used by many medical doctors to help heal muscle damage.
Short Answer
18. Compute the minimal competitive weight for a male athlete who weighs 147 pounds and has a
body fat percentage of 16%.
19. . According to the chapter, a survey of coaches, athletes, and BOC-certified athletic trainers
revealed that athletes depended on what primary source for their information about nutrition?
20. What is the approximate weight of a gallon of water?
21. What are the recommended percentages of protein, fat, and carbohydrates in an ideal training
diet?
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
22. Using the equation provided in the chapter, compute the protein requirement (in grams) for a
football player who weighs 94 kg.
23. Experts recommend that the typical pregame diet should consist of low-fat, easily digestible foods
eaten no later than ___________________ hours prior to the contest.
24. What is often the major nutritional concern of an injured athlete who is recovering from an
injury?
25. List 3 of the illegal ergogenic aids used by athletes for performance gains?
26. Name 1 major conclusion of dietary habit research in the chapter.
27. Name the 6 Nutrients
28. What is the overall consensus on protein, vitamin and mineral supplementation?
29. How many Calories do each of the following carry in one gram?
CHO-
Protein-
Water-
Fat-
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
CH 8 Quiz
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. According to the text, which of the following terms is appropriate to use when describing “localized
collection of extravasated blood?”
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Vasodilation
Critical force
Vasoconstriction
Hematoma
None of these
2. Several types of mechanical forces have been identified as causing injury. Which of the following is
NOT one of those forces?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Compressive
Expansive
Tensile
Shear
None of these
3. According to the text, which of the following terms is appropriate to use when describing “reddening
of the skin?”
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Vasodilation
Hematoma
Erythema
Histamine
None of these
4. Which of the following terms denotes the formation of new capillaries that interconnect to form new
vessels?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Angiogenesis
Fibroblasts
Phagocytosis
Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction
5. Which of the following factors does not result in a variance of the critical force necessary for tissue
damage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Temperature
Age
Gender
Body Weight
None of the above
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
6. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the application of thermotherapy to a sports injury?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
It is most effective when applied during the first 24–48 hours after injury.
Ultrasound diathermy can be applied safely by coaching personnel without supervision.
Thermotherapy should never be applied during the final stages of the healing process.
Thermotherapy has little, if any, effect on local metabolic activities.
All of the above are false regarding thermotherapy.
7. Which of the following terms denotes the use of ultrasound to drive a steroid drug through the skin?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Iontophoresis
Phonophoresis
Cryotherapy
Thermotherapy
None of these
8. The chemical name for the over-the-counter (OTC) drug known as aspirin is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Phenylbutazone.
Indomethacin.
Ibuprofen.
Acetylsalicylic acid.
None of the above.
9. Chemicals such as hydrocortisone, prednisone, and dexamethasone belong to a group of drugs which
have anti-inflammatory effects and are known as ____ drugs.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Aspirin
Butazolidin
Naproxen
Steroidal
None of the above
10. Secondary hypoxic injury involves
A. Clotting and cessation of blood flow distal to the site of injury, resulting in diminished blood flow
to tissues surrounding the primary area of injury.
B. Cell death and membrane disruption due to the lack of oxygen.
C. Clotting and cessation of blood flow proximal to the site of injury, resulting in diminished blood
flow to tissues surrounding the primary area of injury.
D. A and B are correct
E. B and C are correct
11. Exercise is essential to the healing process because it (circle all that apply)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Results in increased circulation and oxygen delivery to the healing tissues.
Accelerates collagen formation that is beneficial to the healing process.
Stresses the healing tissue which guides the proper structuring of the collagen cells.
All of the above are correct.
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
TRUE/FALSE
12. True or false? Steroidal drugs have been found to interfere with the formation of connective
tissues.
13. True or false? Experts agree that the best time to apply thermotherapies to an injury is during the
first 24–48 hours.
14. True or false? The process of phagocytosis means literally “cell eating.”
15. True or false? Prostaglandins have a variety of effects including vasodilation, increased vascular
permeability, and pain.
16. True or false? Data support the premise that more injuries to muscles and fascia occur during the
phase of contraction known as concentric contraction.
17. True or false? When tissues are damaged as a result of injury, the body reacts slowly and with an
apparently random sequence of physiologic actions
18. True or false? Ligament tissues are vulnerable to shear and compressive forces.
19. True or false? Tendons are vulnerable to tension types of forces.
20. True or false? Lysosomes are powerful enzymes that hasten the breakdown of cellular structures.
21. True or false? The acute inflammatory phase of an injury lasts as long as 10 days.
22. True or false? Ice reduces the severity of secondary hypoxic injury.
23. True or false? Nerve messages sent to the CNS are ranked based on the number of impulses
received per unit of time.
SHORT ANSWER:
24. List the three types of mechanical forces that can cause soft-tissue injury.
25. Describe the major steps that occur during the acute inflammatory phase of an injury. I your
answer you must include vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and subsequent hematoma formation.
26. What is the typical duration in hours of the acute inflammatory phase?
27. What type of tissue does not heal itself with scar tissue?
28. Explain the gate control theory of pain.
29. What is the recommended duration of ice application for the treatment of acute inflammation
30. What is the major Difference between NSAID’s and steroids?
31. Give a brief explanation of the four types of therapeutic exercise
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
CH 9 QUIZ
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following cerebral meninges is located furthest from the brain and closest to the
underside of the cranium?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Dura mater
Pia mater
Arachnoid
Sub-arachnoid space
2. The cerebrospinal fluid is located in which of the following anatomical locations?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Above the dura mater
Above the pia mater
Sub-arachnoid space
None of these
3. The brain of an adult human weighs approximately how much?
A.
B.
C.
D.
12–15 lbs.
20–25 lbs.
0.5–1.0 lbs.
3–3.5 lbs.
4. Which of the following is the correct number of cervical vertebrate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
7
12
5
8
5. The first cervical vertebra is known as which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Axis
Hercules
Atlas
Zeus
Achilles
6. Loss of consciousness occurs during _____level(s) of concussion.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
7.
Grade 1
Grade 3
Grade 2
None of these
B and C are correct
When administering a Physical Exam to an athlete with a possible head/neck injury, which of the
following is incorrect?
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
A.
B.
C.
D.
Remove the athlete immediately to a safer location.
Do not use ammonia capsules to revive an unconscious athlete.
Do not remove the helmet of a football player.
Do not rush through the Physical Exam.
8. In which part of the eye is the retina located?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Anterior
Posterior
Outside the sclera
None of these
9. Blood located in the anterior portion of the eye is known as which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Diplopia
Epistaxix
Dysesthesia
Hyphema
None of these
10. In which cranial bone is the TMJ located?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Occipital
Mandible
Zygomatic
Temporal
11. How many teeth are normally found in an adult human jaw?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
26
32
77
23
66
12. Second impact syndrome involves
A. the rapid development of catastrophic swelling of the brain.
B. occurs when an athlete sustains a second head injury before the symptoms from a previous head
injury has cleared.
C. swelling of the temporal lobe which puts pressure on the brain stem.
D. all of the above.
13. Concern for return to play for an athlete who has suffered a head injury is necessary because
A.
B.
C.
D.
symptoms related to a concussion may take days or weeks to be resolved.
minor concussions with associated symptoms are easily diagnosed by athletic trainers.
second impact syndrome can cause death from uncontrolled vascular bleeding of brain tissue.
A and C are correct.
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
14. According to the text,
A. attempts at helmet removal from an athlete with a cervical spine injury cannot worsen an existing
injury or create new injuries.
B. helmet removal can be done relatively easily, even by a non–emergency care provider.
C. cutting all of the plastic clips and removing the face mask up is the most effective method of face
mask removal.
D. A and C are correct.
15. In football, the type of tackling known as “spearing” is associated with which of the following
types of mechanisms of injury in the cervical spine?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hyperflexion
Hyperextension
Axial loading
Lateral flexion
16. Spine boarding procedure
A. requires a properly constructed spine board and a minimum of three people, including the team
leader.
B. immobilizes only the head and neck of the athlete to the spine board with straps.
C. should only be done when absolutely necessary and if EMS is more than 30 minutes away.
D. A and B are correct.
17. The majority of dental injuries in sports results from direct blows that cause
A.
B.
C.
D.
tooth displacement.
a tooth fracture or avulsion.
a fracture of the jaw or facial bones.
all of the above.
18.
A.
B.
C.
D.
If an athlete is suffering from tinnitus they will have the following symptom:
memory loss
pupils of unequal size
ringing in the ear
numbness of the toes
a.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What does the term auricle refer to?
nose
ear
orbit
the bone located in your voice box
True/False
19. True or false? The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system.
20. True or false? The cerebrospinal fluid is located in the sub-arachnoid space.
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
21. True or false? There are 27 pairs of spinal nerves.
22. True or false? A grade 2 concussion is distinguished from a grade 1 because the athlete must have
been rendered unconscious to qualify as a grade 2.
23. True or false? The brachial plexus may be injured by excessive compression.
24. True or false? The term dysesthesia indicates an impairment in the sense of touch.
25. True or false? There are normally eight cervical vertebrae in the human skeleton.
26. True or false? The technical term for double vision is diplopia.
27. True or false? Extreme caution is necessary when making “return to play” decisions regarding an
athlete with a history of head injury.
28. True or false? The number of head and neck injuries is high when compared to the total number
of participants.
29. True or false? More education by coaching staffs is necessary to reduce spearing incidences.
30. True or false? In spine boarding, the team leader is in charge of maintaining spinal alignment and
directing the actions of team members.
31. True or false? Mouth guards are the most common method of dental protection in sports.
Short Answer
32. List the three meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord and designate the location of the
cerebrospinal fluid.
33. What are the 2 general categories of eye injury that have been established?
34. Explain the difference between a coup and contrecoup injury.
35. Describe the 2 types of amnesia and indicate which type is the most severe. With your answers
write 2 questions (one for each) that you can ask to check for each type.
36. What is SIS and what causes it to happen?
37. Even relatively minor trauma to the brain can be severe, why?
38. Describe 2 tests you can do to determine if any significant neurologic damage has happened to a
conscious athlete.
39. What is the scientific term for one of the most common facial injuries in sports (bloody nose)?
40. What are the three basic components of the human brain?
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
41. What is the major difference between a grade 2 and a grade 3 concussion when it comes to loss of
conciousness?
42. What does the term auricular hematoma refer too?
Name ________________________ Date __________ Period _______ Score _________
Chapter 16 TEST: Injuries to the Lower Leg, Ankle, and Foot
Chapter 16
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The talocrural joint allows for which of the following movements?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
Inversion/eversion
Internal/external rotation
Abduction/adduction
None of these
2. Which of the following figures represents the correct percentage of body weight borne by the
fibula?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
20%
55%
2%
70%
None of these
3. Which of the following muscles along with the gastrocnemius forms the superficial posterior
compartment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Tibialis posterior
Tibialis anterior
Peroneus longus
Soleus
None of these
4. Which of the following is the most commonly sprained region of the ankle?
A. Medial
B. Lateral
5. The tibialis posterior muscle is located in which of the following lower leg compartments?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Anterior
Deep posterior
Superficial posterior
Lateral
None of these
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
6. A third-degree ankle sprain could include all but which of the following signs/symptoms?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Pain and severe disability
Point tenderness
Laxity
Little or no swelling
All of these will be present
7. An overuse type of injury that produces unbearable pain in the plantar aspect of the foot and is
associated with point tenderness on the calcaneal tuberosity may involve
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
shin splints.
compartment syndrome.
Morton’s foot.
bunions.
plantar fasciitis.
8. Which of the following lower leg compartments is the most commonly affected by the condition
known as compartment syndrome?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Anterior
Deep posterior
Lateral
Superficial posterior
None of these
9. Morton’s foot involves
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
an abnormality of either the 1st or 2nd metatarsal.
an abnormal growth on the nerve between the 3rd and 4th metatarsal.
the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg.
the lateral ligaments of the ankle.
None of these.
10. Which of the following statements is false regarding ankle sprains?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The majority of sprains occur to the lateral ankle ligaments.
The lateral ankle ligaments are not as large and strong as the medial ligament (deltoid).
The ankle is more stabile when placed in a position of plantar flexion.
The bones of the tibia and fibula help to stabilize the joint.
All of these statements are true.
11. Which of the following lower leg muscles does NOT cross the ankle joint?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
Peroneus longus
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
12. How does a syndemosis sprain differ from a lateral ankle sprain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
location is higher on the lower leg
mechanism of injury is different
short-term care is more conservative
all of the above are correct
TRUE/FALSE
13. True or false? The subtalar joint of the foot allows for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion.
14. True or false? The anterior compartment of the lower leg houses the extensor digitorum longus.
15. True or false? The deltoid ligament of the ankle is found on the medial side of that joint.
16. True or false? There is a relationship between Achilles tendonitis and dramatic increases in
running distance or workout times.
17. True or false? Shin splints have been defined, in part, as “lateral or posterolateral leg pain.”
18. True or false? Pes planus means having a high arch in the foot.
19. True or false? Bunions may simply be related to inflamed bursae.
20. True or false? A good way to prevent excessive blister development is to shave the excess callus
away from the bottom of the foot.
21. True or False? Callus formation on the plantar aspect of the foot should be trimmed regularly to
reduce friction.
SHORT ANSWER/ FILL IN THE BLANK
22. Name the 2 bones located in the lower leg. In your answer include which bone contains the
medial malleolus and which contains the lateral malleolus.
23. What is the technical name for the ankle?
24. Name the strongest and largest of the ankle ligaments.
25. Which compartment of the lower leg presents the most problems with fluid accumulation?
26. Explain which type of ankle sprain is more severe
27. When the body cannot maintain the repair process and keep up with repeated microtrama to a
specific bone, a _____________________________ occurs.
28. What 2 bony structures are involved in Morton’s foot?
Name _____________________________________ Date ___________ Score ____________
Midterm Study Guide: All Quizzes and Test Combined
29. Explain the difference between pes cavus and pes planus.
30. What does the acronym RICE stand for
R
I
C
E
31. What does the term NSAIDs stand for?
SPECIAL TESTS
32. What type of injury would you perform a percussion or compression test for?
33. A positive _______________________________ test indicates an Achilles tendon tear.
34. The ________________________________ test is used to determine the extent of injury to the
talofibular ligament.
35. _________________________________ tests are used to determine the extent of inversion or
eversions injuries.
36. A “squeeze” test that elicits pain in the ankle is a sign and symptoms of what injury.
INJURIES
37. List 3 possible Signs and symptoms of a lower leg fracture.
38. List 2 possible signs of Acute Compartment Syndrome
39. When treating compartment syndrome what key part of RICE do you leave out?
40. List 3 possible mechanisms/etiologies of shin splints?
41. What is the key sign of plantar fasciitis.
42. Explain what heel spurs are and how heel spurs are associated with plantar fasciitis
43. Explain the difference between a blister and a callus.
44. A horseshoe shaped pad is used to ease inflammation after what type of injury?
45. What is the main mechanism for bunions?
46. In some sports, toes are stepped on, resulting hematoma formation under the nail. What is the
recommended first aid care for this injury?
47. What are 2 ways to prevent ingrown toenails?
48. How can ingrown toenails become infected?