WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT RESPIRATION
Be able to label parts in a mitochondrion and tell where the different reactions happen.
What is a calorie? Amount of energy needed to raise temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C
What is a Calorie? 1000 calories/unit found on food labels
How are these related? 1 Calorie = 1000 calories
What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6+6O26H2O+6CO2+energy(ATP)
How does this equation compare to the equation for photosynthesis?
It is the reverse of the photosynthesis equation.
Be able to what is needed for each of the following as well as what each produces:
Glycolysis- Glucose+2ATP4ATP+2NADH+2 pyruvic acid
alcoholic fermentation-pyruvic acid+NADHalcohol+CO2+NAD+
lactic acid fermentation- pyruvic acid+NADHlactic acid+NAD+
Krebs cycle- 2 pyruvic acid  6CO2+ FADH2+2 ATP+ NADH
Electron transport chain- NADH + FADH2  ATP (Net 32)
Be able to identify the pathways that each of the following is found in:
(glucose, pyruvic acid, Coenzyme A, acetyl-CoA, citric acid, FAD, NAD+, NADH, CO2,
FADH2, citric acid, ATP, ATP synthase)
Glycolysis- glucose, pyruvic acid, NAD+, NADH, ATP
Alcohol fermentation – pyruvic acid, NADH, NAD+,C02
Lactic acid fermentation - pyruvic acid, NADH, NAD+
Krebs Cycle - pyruvic acid, Coenzyme A, acetyl-CoA, citric acid, FAD, NAD+, NADH, CO2,
FADH2, citric acid, ATP
ETC - ATP, ATP synthase, FAD, NAD+, NADH, FADH2
If given a diagram of a pathway, you should be able to fill in reactants and products and tell
where does it go next? See above info, already written out.
Be able to tell which stages require oxygen and which DON’T.
Oxygen – Kreb’s and ETC
No oxygen – glycolysis, alcoholic and lactic acid fermetation
Which molecule forms when glucose is broken in half? Pyruvic acid
What is the other name for Krebs cycle? Citric acid cycle
What happens to CO2, produced during the Krebs cycle? Goes into the atmosphere
What is the final electron acceptor at the end of Electron Transport? oxygen
What happens to the NADH’s produced during glycolysis and Krebs cycle? If oxygen is
present, goes to ETC. No oxygen onto fermentation.
What high energy electron carriers are used in respiration? NAD+ and FAD
How are these different from the carrier you learned about for photosynthesis? No
phosphate
How many ATP’s and CO2, molecules are produced in each stage?
ATP
CO2
Glycolysis 2 net
--Lactic acid Ferm. ----Alcoholic Ferm.
--2
Kreb’s Cycle
2
6
ETC
32
--What happens to the carbons in glucose as they pass through cellular respiration?
Become CO2 released into atmosphere
What does anaerobic mean? Without oxygen
What does aerobic mean? With oxygen
What needs to be added to make glycolysis happen? ATP, glucose
What happens to pyruvic acid if there is no oxygen? Fermentation
What are the two kinds of fermentation? Alcoholic and lactic acid
Be able to give the equations for the two kinds of fermentation?
pyruvic acid+NADHalcohol+CO2+NAD+
Be able to give examples where each of these is used.
Alcohol – beer, wine, bread
Lactic acid – muscles, kimchi, saurerkraut
What molecule is burned to provide quick energy during exercise?
ATP
Why do cells use fermentation? (Hint: It’s NOT to make alcohol or lactic acid)
To produce produce NAD+ for glycolysis to continue and that produces ATP
Explain what happens during Electron Transport Chain?
NADPH and FADH2 are used to produce ATP
Which ion ends up in the intermembrane space during Electron Transport?
H+
How does ATP synthase work to make ATP? It spins like a turbine when H+ ions travel
through it and that energy is trapped in a bound that adds a phosphate to ADP making it ATP
What is creatine and what does it do? natural substance found in muscles that regenerates ATP for
extended energy for muscle activity which is used as a dietary supplement to increase muscle strength and
performance