Study Guide for Final Exam: Marine Biology Chapter 1: List, in order, the steps of the scientific method Discuss the history of marine biology Chapter 2: Define mid-ocean ridge, trench, rift, fault, shelf break, abyssal plain, seamount, and guyouts List the four oceans List the three layers of the earth Discuss characteristics about the continental shelf, slope, and rise Chapter 3: Draw and label a wave Discuss the Coriolis Effect Differentiate between a neap and spring tide Explain what makes the ocean stratify Chapter 4: List and define the four building blocks of life Be familiar with the parts of a cell List, in order, the levels of organization List the five kingdoms and give an example of an organism in each kingdom Know that viruses are not classified into any of the five kingdoms because they are parasitic and can’t live or reproduce without a host. Chapter 5: Explain the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph Discuss the difference between chemosynthetic and photosynthetic bacteria Identify the following animals based on their characteristics: cyanobacteria, diatoms, dinoflagellates, foraminiferans, radiolarians, ciliates. Don’t forget about the pigments that color these organisms! Chapter 6: Identify the following types of algae: , green, red, and brown algae Label the parts of seaweed. Discuss the economic importance of seaweed. Chapter 7: Discuss the difference in a vertebrate and an invertebrate Discuss the structure of sponges and some different types of sponges Identify animals found in the Cnidarian group based on characteristics of that animal Identify animals found in the Mollusc group based on characteristics of that animal Identify animals found in the Arthropod group based on characteristics of that animal Identify animals found in the Echinoderm group based on characteristics of that animal Chapter 8: List the three types of fish and give examples of each type Label the fins of a shark Define chromatophore, warning coloration, cryptic coloration, disruptive coloration and countershading Chapter 9: Discuss characteristics surrounding the sea turtle, penguins, sea lion, seal, whales, and dolphins Discuss whaling and its harmful affects Explain how marine mammals adapt to diving and increased amounts of time without oxygen Discuss echolocation Chapter 10: Define ecology, habitat, abiotic factor, biotic factor, resource, limiting resource, competition predation, carnivore, omnivore, herbivore, and decomposer State difference between interspecific and intraspecific competition List and define three types of symbiosis Discuss a food chain and its levels Differentiate between benthic, nektic, sessile, and pelagic organisms Explain the difference in phytoplankton and zooplankton