NAME: _____________________________
DATE: _______________________
Genetics Test Review
Test Date: _______________________
1. What is asexual reproduction?
The reproductive process that involves one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the
parent.
2. Give an example of an organism that reproduces asexually.
Bacteria, certain types of worms, certain types of plants.
3. What is sexual reproduction?
The reproductive process that involves two parents whose genetic material is combined to produce a
new organism, which differs from both parents.
4. Give an example of an organism that reproduces sexually.
Humans, animals, plants.
5. What is a gene?
A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
6. Where are genes located?
On the chromosomes in the nucleus of cells.
7. What is an inherited trait?
A characteristics that is passed from parent to offspring.
8. Give 3 examples of inherited traits.
Hair color, eye color, skin color.
9. Why don’t you look exactly like your mother or exactly like your father?
The traits that you have (including how you look) are determined by genetic material from both your
mother and your father.
10. Do you have control over what inherited traits you get from your mother and father? Explain
your answer.
No control because 23 chromosomes come from your mother and 23 chromosomes come from your
father. It’s a combination of this genetic material that determines what you inherit.
11. What is a dominant trait? Only one parent passes the trait (easier to show the trait).
12. What is a recessive trait? Both parents pass the trait (harder to show the trait).
13. What does homozygous mean?
The same combination of pure dominant or pure recessive alleles. (two upper case letters or two
lower case letters)
14. What does heterozygous mean?
A hybrid; Different combination of alleles resulting in the dominant trait showing. (one upper case
and one lower case letter)
15. What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
The phenotype is what the gene combination looks like. The
16. What is a Punnett Square use for?
To find the probability of offspring using the genotypes of two organisms
17. Complete the following Punnett Square.
S = straight hair
s = curly hair
S
S
s
s
Ss
Ss
Ss
ss
18. What percent of the offspring have straight hair?
75%
19. What percent of the offspring have curly hair?
25%
20. What does homozygous dominant mean using the above Punnett Square?
None of the genotypes above are homozygous dominant. In order to be homozygous dominant the
genotype must have two dominate alleles.
21. What does heterozygous dominant mean using the above Punnett Square?
75% of the genotypes are heterozygous dominate. Each genotype is represented by capital letter
(dominate) and a lower case letter (recessive)
22. How is the trait for albinism (all white features) still a possibility? Why is it that this trait can still
be passed to offspring?
23. What is selective breeding?
24. Give 3 examples of selective breeding.
25. What is the purpose of selective breeding? Why not just let nature take its course?
26. . Mitosis is when cells divide to make more cells for:
27. Meiosis is when cells divide to make sex cells (gametes) for:
28. Students were looking under the microscope on Wednesday and see a single cell. On Friday they
look again and the cell has become four cells, each with half the chromosomes of the first cell. What
process happened?
Meiosis
29. If I get a cut on my arm and cells die, what process needs to happen for new cells to grow there?
Mitosis
30.
The picture shown above is a __Chromosome__
31. What is the job of a chromosome?
32.
On the chromosome above, I have circled a location. This is called a ___gene__________.
33.
The pair of genes that the arrows are pointing to above are called ____Alleles_____
34.
Gene
chromosome
cells
Use the word bank above the finish the sentences below:
A gene is a part on a chromosome that controls for a trait. A chromosome is contained inside the nucleus
of a cell. All organisms are made up of cells
35. What is the difference between inherited traits vs. learned traits.
36. Give a list of inherited traits
Dominate traits
Recessive traits
37. Draw and describe the three different types of asexual reproduction: