7-2 stuff
Encoding
E
Storage
S
Retrieval
R
1. Repeating information over and over again to keep
from forgetting (maintenance rehearsal)
2. Context-dependent memories
3. Using and auditory code as a way of remembering
things, like letters for example.
4. State-dependent memories.
5. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
6. Uses this type of coding, “relating to meaning”, to
represent information in terms of its meaning.
7. Making information more meaningful by relating it to
information you already know.
8. Attempting to memorize something by seeing it in
your mind.
9. Organizing new information into certain groups
according to common features.
10.
“Filing errors” can occur here when we file
information incorrectly.
7-3 stuff
Sensory Memory Short-term Memory Long-term Memory
SM
StM
LtM
1. The ability to remember visual stimuli over a long
period of time (eidetic memory).
2. Where mental traces of sounds, called echoes, are held
(for only a fraction of a second to several seconds).
3. Holds the equivalent of vast numbers of videos and
files of our lifetime of experience (and will be in color
and stereo sound if we perceive both).
4. Not played back like a video or movie, but
reconstructed from the bits and pieces of our
experience...shaped to our individual way we view the
world.
5. Also called working memory-information will remain
there after the sensory memory trace has faded away.
6. It is used a great deal of time, when solving a math
problem, getting homework assigned or the name of
someone that you just met.
7. The first stage of memory (immediate and initial
recording of information that enters our senses.
8. Organizing information into manageable units that are
easy to remember.
9. It is like a shelf and can only hold so much (a limited
amount of information at a time can be retained).
10.
Organizing bits of information from the mental
representation of the world we experience into
knowledge (schemas).
11.
Contains extremely brief photographic-type
memories.
Sensory Memory
Short-term Memory
Long-term Memory
Iconic Memory primacy effect
memory capacity
Eidetic Memory
recency effect
memory as reconstructive Echoic Memory
chunking
schemas
interference
*Unknown capacity of long-term and how much we can
remember, BUT memory is dependent on the amount of
attention we pay things…