History 2352: The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1800
Autumn 2013 (Class number 1429)
Tu, Th 11:10-12:30, Page Hall 020
(NO CELL PHONE CALLS OR TEXTING DURING CLASS!!)
(READ THIS SYLLABUS CAREFULLY AND KEEP IT WITH YOU!)
Instructor: Prof. Jane Hathaway, hathaway.24@osu.edu, hathawayj@hotmail.com
Office: Dulles Hall 339A, 230 W. 17th Ave. Phone: 292-7138 (direct) or 292-2674
Office hours: Tu, Th 12:30-2:00 and by appointment
Grader: Ms. Ayşe (EYE-sheh) Baltacıoğlu-Brammer, baltacioglu-brammer.1@osu.edu
Office hours: By appointment in Dulles 322
All students must be formally enrolled in the course by the end of the second full week of
classes (September 6). Requests to add the course will not be signed by the History
Department chair after that date.
This course fulfills the following requirements for the history major: non-western, pre-1750. It
fulfills the following GE requirements: Historical Study, Second Historical Study.
Historical study objectives and how they are achieved:
History courses develop students’ knowledge of how past events influence today’s society and
help them understand how human beings view themselves.
(1) Students acquire a perspective on history and an understanding of the factors that shape
human activity (through readings, lectures, videos, and written assignments).
(2) Students display knowledge about the origins and nature of contemporary issues and
develop a foundation for future comparative understanding (through note-taking, written
assignments and class discussions)
(3) Students think, speak, and write critically about primary and secondary historical sources by
examining diverse interpretations of past events and ideas in their historical contexts
(through written assignments and class discussions).
Objectives specific to this course: In this course, you will cover the period from the emergence
of the Ottomans through the beginnings of westernizing reforms at the end of the eighteenth
century. You will be exposed to ongoing historiographical debates over the origins of the Ottoman
state and the empire’s “decline” beginning in the late sixteenth century. You will read a translated
novel by Nobel laureate Orhan Pamuk, Turkey’s most prominent novelist, about the pivotal period
at the end of the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth centuries. You will also have an
opportunity to read primary sources produced by the Ottomans themselves and by European
observers. The course will give you a solid grounding for study of the modern Middle East or
Balkans, as well as for more intensive study of the Ottoman Empire
Required texts (available at all bookstores):
(1) Jane Hathaway, The Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 1516-1800, with contributions by Karl
K. Barbir (Harlow, Essex, U.K.: Pearson/Longman, 2008), ISBN 978-9-582-41899-8
(2) Orhan Pamuk, My Name Is Red, trans. Erdağ M. Göknar (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2001),
ISBN 0-375-70685-2
(3) Additional course readings are available (1) on Carmen as e-reserves, and (2) on Carmen
as hyperlinks. What is available where is detailed in the Schedule below.
A bibliography of supplemental readings and references is available on the Carmen page,
under “Content”.
Course description: This is a lecture and discussion course devoted to one of history’s greatest
and longest-lasting empires. The Ottomans emerged as a power in western Anatolia (the Asian
part of Turkey) at the end of the thirteenth century C.E.1 They ruled Anatolia and most of
southeastern Europe from the fourteenth through the nineteenth century, and most of the Middle
East from 1517 through the collapse of the empire at the end of World War I. The Ottoman
cultural legacy permeates these regions to this day. To understand the present-day Balkans and
Middle East, therefore, a knowledge of Ottoman history is vital.
About the instructor: I received my Ph.D. in Near Eastern Studies from Princeton University
in 1992; my advisor was Cemal Kafadar. My specialty is the Ottoman Empire before 1800,
particularly the Arab provinces. I have published four books – The Arab Lands is the most
recent - as well as four edited volumes and numerous articles.
Written assignments:
(1) Responses to a series of questions on the course readings, with a focus on primary sources,
due in the Carmen drop box by 11:10 a.m. (class time) Thursday, September 19. The
questions will be posted on Carmen by Friday, September 13. Your responses should consist of
one or two paragraphs per question.
(2) A midterm examination, to be held in class Thursday, October 10. It will consist of
identifications, a map exercise, and one essay question.
(3) A short paper of 5-8 pages giving the “life history” of one of the narrators in My Name Is Red.
It is due in the Carmen Drop Box by 11:10 a.m. (class time) Tuesday, November 19. The
assignment can be found on pp. 8-11 of this syllabus.
(5) A take-home final examination, to be posted on Carmen on Tuesday, December 3. It will
consist of identifications, one short essay question, and one longer essay question. It is due in
the Carmen Drop Box by 5:00 p.m. Monday, December 9.
Discussions: Beginning the week of September 10, we will have small-group discussions once
very week or two. These will occur roughly during the second half of class on the days noted in
the Schedule below. I will distribute a question or project by e-mail in advance; you should read
your texts with this assignment in mind and come to class prepared to contribute to the work of
your group.
Grading:
Attendance and participation in discussions 15%
Take-home exercise on course readings
10%
Midterm
25%
Paper
25%
Final
25%
1
C.E. stands for “Common Era” and is equivalent to A.D.; B.C.E. stands for “Before the Common Era” and is
equivalent to B.C.
History 2352 syllabus, p. 2
Final grade distribution:
93-100% A
88-89.9% B+
90-92.9% A83-87.9% B
80-82.9% B-
78-79.9% C+
73-77.9% C
70-72.9% C-
68-69.9% D+
60-68.9% D
below 60% E
Make-up examinations will be given only in the case of a dire emergency, which must be
documented with an official written excuse. Make-up examination dates are set by the History
Dept.; you must take your make-up on one of these dates in the location specified by the
department.
Late work will be downgraded by one letter grade for each day it is late. Work that is four or
more days late will not be accepted. Incompletes will not be given except in dire circumstances,
which must be documented.
Attendance policy: Attendance will be taken during group discussions. Repeated absences will
have a negative effect on your attendance and participation grade. Since attendance will not be
taken in lectures, it may be tempting to assume that you can skip lectures with impunity.
However, you are taking a significant risk if you consistently miss lecture. First of all, I
notice when someone consistently misses lectures, and deduct attendance points accordingly.
Second, the Power Point slides alone do not necessarily supply the context within which certain
phenomena are presented in lecture. Furthermore, your discussions of these phenomena on
exams and in your paper will be expected to conform to (but not duplicate!) the coverage of them
in lecture.
Academic misconduct. Cheating on exams or plagiarism will result in a hearing by the
Committee on Academic Misconduct (COAM). Cheating includes copying from another student’s
exam and consulting unauthorized notes or books during an exam. Plagiarism is presenting the
published or unpublished work of anyone other than yourself as your own. It includes copying all
or part of any written assignment from a published book or article, from the Web, or from a
published or unpublished paper composed by another student without attribution. If you have
questions about proper attribution of source material for any written assignment, please consult
me. For additional information on academic misconduct, see the Code of Student Conduct
(http://studentaffairs.osu.edu/info_for_students/csc.asp).
Students with disabilities should register with the Office for Disability Services in 150
Pomerene Hall (1760 Neil Ave.), 292-3307, TDD 292-0901, www.ods.ohio-state.edu. This office
will provide special facilities in which you may take the midterm exam. Please bring me the
appropriate permission form well in advance of the exam.
READING AND STUDY SUGGESTIONS:
♦Do each day’s reading before that day’s class. Go over your notes after each class. Number
the pages of your notes, and cross-reference them with your readings. Use your syllabus as a
table of contents for your notes; next to each topic, note the page numbers in your notes where
relevant information can be found. This will help you when you study for exams.
♦Use the maps at the front of and the chronology and glossary at the back of The Arab Lands
under Ottoman Rule, as well as the map at the front and the chronology at the back of My
Name Is Red as study aids.
♦Keep up with the reading. There is a large amount of diverse information in this course; you
History 2352 syllabus, p. 3
can’t hope to master it by cramming at the last minute.
♦Always read critically. In the case of a secondary source (a present-day history of the
Ottoman Empire, for example), try to determine the author’s approach and the primary sources
(eyewitness or contemporary accounts, documents of various kinds) that s/he stresses. In the
case of a primary narrative source (e.g., a chronicle, letters), ask yourself whether the author
has a particular bias or agenda, and how authoritative his/her account is.
♦If there is a gap in your notes or a concept that you just can’t figure out, please consult me.
Don’t suffer in silence!
SUGGESTIONS FOR MAKING THE COURSE MORE MEANINGFUL (especially for those new
to the subject):
♦Check out a Turkish newspaper. Several Turkish newspapers offer English-language online
versions; see, e.g., www.hurriyetdailynews.com, www.todayszaman.com. Or try Googling
“Turkish news.”
♦Explore Ottoman Empire-related topics on the Web. Googling virtually any Ottoman topic will
yield numerous sites of varying quality. Be aware, however, that not all Web pages are free of
historical inaccuracies and bias of various kinds. Be extremely cautious about using the Web,
including Wikipedia, for research.
♦Try a Turkish, Middle Eastern, or Mediterranean restaurant or grocery store. They have
grown too numerous to list, but try Googling “Turkish restaurants Columbus” or “Middle Eastern
restaurants Columbus.” The best-known Turkish restaurants are Pera at 1980A N. High St.,
Shish Kebab Mediterranean at 1450 Bethel Road, Café Istanbul in Easton Town Center and 2455
E. Main St. in Bexley, and Café Ephesus at 6720 Perimeter Loop Rd. in Dublin. For Turkish
groceries, visit Istanbul Market at 5221 Bethel Rd. (far west side of Bethel Centre). For Turkish
knicknacks, jewelry, music, etc., visit Karavan at 771 N. High St. An “all things Turkish” retail
website is www.tulumba.com.
SCHEDULE
(NOTE: All Power Point presentations will be posted on the Carmen course page,
www.carmen.osu.edu.)
Aug. 22 Introduction; linguistic matters
Aug. 27 Land and peoples; basics on Islam
Reading:
(1) For those with little or no background in Islamic history: Robert Irwin, Islamic Art in
Context (New York: Harry N. Abrams; Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997), 39-55
(an overview of Islamic history) (handout)
(2) Hathaway, Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 23-34
Aug. 29 Anatolia before the Ottomans
Carter V. Findley, The Turks in World History (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press,
2005), 66-89 (Carmen e-reserves)
History 2352 syllabus, p. 4
Sept. 3 Ottoman origins
(1) Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 35-top of 36
(2) Caroline Finkel, Osman’s Dream: History of the Ottoman Empire (London: John Murray; New
York: Basic Books, 2005), 5-13 (Carmen e-reserves Start on p. 5, 1st full paragraph; read
through break in middle of p. 13.)
(3) Ibn Battuta (1304-68), “The Sultan of Birgi (1333),” in Bernard Lewis, ed. and trans., Islam
from the Prophet Muhammad to the Conquest of Constantinople, vol. 2: Religion and Society
(New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987 [1974]), 101-05 (This is the ruler of
Aydın, a Turkish emirate southwest of the Ottomans.) (Carmen e-reserves. Start at chapter
heading on p. 101.)
Sept. 5 Film, Islam, Empire of Faith, Part 2: The Ottoman Empire
Sept. 10 Early conquests; origin of the Janissaries and of the devshirme
(1) Colin Imber, The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: The Structure of Power (New York: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2002), 8-27 (Carmen e-reserves)
(2) Speros Vryonis, Jr., “Isidore Glabas and the Turkish Devshirme,” Speculum 31/3 (1956):
433-43 (link on Carmen, under Content/“Links to readings not in eReserves.” Log in at
the OSU prompt, using your OSU username and password.)
(3) Konstantin Mihailovic (b. ca. 1435), Memoirs of a Janissary, trans. Benjamin Stolz, historical
commentary and notes by Svat Soucek (Ann Arbor: Dept. of Slavic Languages and
Literatures, University of Michigan, 1975), xix-xxiii; 7,9, 31, 33, 51, 53, 87, 165, 167, 169, 171,
173, 175, 191, 193 (Note that Mihailovic’s descriptions of Islam reflect the garbled information
he received from fellow soldiers.) (Carmen e-reserves)
DISCUSSION
Sept. 12 The conquest of Constantinople
(1) Imber, The Ottoman Empire, 27-31 (Carmen e-reserves)
(2) Tursun Beg (fl. 1453-99), History of Mehmed the Conqueror (Tarih-i Ebülfeth), ed. and trans.
Halil Inalcik and Rhoads Murphey (Minneapolis: Bibliotheca Islamica, 1978), 32-37 (Carmen
e-reserves)
(3) Kritovoulos (15th century), History of Mehmed the Conqueror, trans. Charles T. Riggs
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1954), 60-75 (link on Carmen)
QUESTIONS ON COURSE READINGS AVAILABLE ON CARMEN
SEPT. 13
Sept. 17 The conquest of the Arab lands; focus on Egypt
(1) Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 36 (“The Mamluk Sultanate”) - 58
(2) Mustafa Ali (1541-1600), Mustafa Ali’s Description of Cairo of 1599, ed. and trans. Andreas
Tietze (Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Publications, 1975), 25-26, 37-43, 52-54, 6975, 80-83 (Carmen e-reserves)
Sept. 19 Orientation to My Name Is Red: topography of Ottoman Istanbul
SHORT RESPONSES ON READINGS DUE
History 2352 syllabus, p. 5
Sept. 24 Süleyman “the Magnificent”
(1) Habsburg ambassador Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq’s (1522-92) description of Süleyman (link
on Carmen. Scroll down to the 4th page [numbered 47], with the heading “Primary
Source: Suleyman the Magnificent by Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq”)
(2) Pamuk, My Name Is Red, 3-47 [This is a suggested schedule to pace you through the book.]
DISCUSSION
Sept. 26 Court painters and miniatures
NOTE: Readings assigned in addition to The Arab Lands and Pamuk between Sept. 26 and
Oct. 31 are designed to help you understand the cultural references in My Name Is Red,
not to burden you.
(1) Walter Andrews, et al., eds. and trans., Ottoman Lyric Poetry: An Anthology (Austin:
University of Texas Press, 1997), 45-48, 70-73, 76, 78-81 (Carmen e-reserves)
(2) Emine Fetvacı, Picturing History at the Ottoman Court (Bloomington: Indiana University Press,
2013), 71-78 (Carmen e-reserves. Stop at “The Forging of a House Style,” p. 78.)
(3) Article “Behzād,” Encyclopaedia Britannica (link on Carmen, or go to www.britannica.com,
and search for “Behzad.”)
(4) Pamuk, My Name Is Red, 47-82
Oct. 1 The imperial palace
(1) Visit http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/topkapi.html for an overview of the palace.
(2) Pamuk, My Name Is Red, 82-119
Oct. 3 The imperial harem
(1) Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 202-209 (“Women” to “The poor and disabled”)
(2) Leslie Peirce, The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire (New
York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), 3-12 (Carmen e-reserves)
(3) Pamuk, My Name Is Red, 119-54
DISCUSSION
Oct. 8 REVIEW
Oct. 10
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Oct. 15 Video: “Magnificent Century” (a Turkish TV series about Süleyman the Magnificent’s
reign) and discussion
Pamuk, My Name Is Red, 154-205
Oct. 17 Minority populations
(1) Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 189-94 (stop at “Sabbatai Sevi”)
(2) Pamuk, My Name Is Red, 205-45
History 2352 syllabus, p. 6
Oct. 22 The Decline Paradigm
(1) Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 59-62 (stop at “The crisis of the 17th century”), 76-78
(2) Pamuk, My Name Is Red, 245-91
DISCUSSION
Oct. 24 Decline writers
(1) Mustafa Ali (see Sept. 17; it’s the same guy), The Matchless Tarji‘ Band entitled Summary of
Circumstances involving the Pleasantness of Truthful Sermons, trans. Andreas Tietze in “The
Poet as Critic of Society: A 16th-Century Ottoman Poem,” Turcica 9 (1977):145-60 (Carmen
e-reserves)
(2) Pamuk, My Name Is Red, 291-339
Oct. 29 The Ottoman ulema and sufism
(1) Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 114-37, 195-7 (“Sabbatai Sevi”)
(2) Pamuk, My Name Is Red, 339-67
DISCUSSION
Oct. 31 The Kadızadelis
(1) Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 195-7 (“Sabbatai Sevi”)
(2) Kâtib Çelebi (1609-57), The Balance of Truth, ed. and trans. Geoffrey Lewis (London: George
Allen and Unwin, 1957), 7-13, 42-46, 92-96, 128-37 (link on Carmen. Use arrows to reach
assigned pages.)
(3) Pamuk, My Name Is Red, 367-413
Nov.5 Urban life: caravanserais, guilds, coffeehouses
Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 138-68
Nov. 7 The Crisis of the 17th Century?
Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 62-7 (“The crisis of the 17th century” to “Janissary hegemony
in the Arab provinces”), 76 (“Köprülü reforms”)-8 (Recommended: 67-76, 169-87)
DISCUSSION
Nov. 12 Local notables in the Ottoman provinces
(1) Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 79-113
(2) Albert Hourani, “Ottoman Reform and the Politics of Notables,” in Hourani, et al., The Modern
Middle East: A Reader (London: I.B. Tauris, 1993), 83-108 (link on Carmen)
Nov. 14 Sustained contacts with western Europe in the 18th century
(1) Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 197-9 (“Syrian Catholics” to “Twelver Shi‘ites”)
(2) Mary Lucille Shay, The Ottoman Empire from 1720 to 1734 as Revealed in the Despatches of
the Venetian Bailo (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1978, repr. of 1944 ed.), 17-30
(Carmen e-reserves)
(3) Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689-1762), Letters of the Right Honourable Lady Mary Wortley
Montague, e-text prepared by Desmond Grocott (Project Gutenberg, 2006), Letters XXIV,
XXVI-XXIX, XXXIV, XXXIX, XLI, XLII (Note: These are letters that Mary Wortley Montagu
History 2352 syllabus, p. 7
wrote to her relatives and acquaintances. Mr. Pope is the English poet Alexander Pope [16881744].) (link on Carmen. You will have to scroll down to reach the various letters; use
“find” and type in the Roman numeral.)
NOTE: I have had problems accessing this on a Mac. If this happens to you, Google “Mary
Wortley Montague + Gutenberg.”
DISCUSSION
Nov. 19 Selim III and westernizing reforms
Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 213-27; review 85-87 on Ali Bey
PAPER DUE
Nov. 21 The French occupation of Egypt (1798-1801)
Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti (1753-1825), Napoleon in Egypt: Al-Jabarti’s Chronicle of the
French Occupation, 1798, trans. Shmuel Moreh (Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers,
1993), 24-29, 45-46, 63-66, 109-11, 183-84 (Carmen e-reserves)
Nov. 26 Optional attendance – Video: Once Upon a Time in the Ottoman Empire:
Rebellion (a Turkish TV series about the 1730 Patrona Halil uprising)
Nov. 28
THANKSGIVING – NO CLASS
Dec. 3 The Ottoman legacy
Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 228-48 (Recommended: 1-22)
TAKE-HOME FINAL HANDED OUT
TAKE-HOME FINAL DUE in Carmen Drop Box no later than 5:00 p.m. Monday,
December 9
PAPER ON MY NAME IS RED
You will write a paper of 5-8 pages giving the “life history” of one of the characters in My Name Is Red.
This could be one of the narrators, such as Black, Shekure, Esther, Butterfly, Master Osman, the late
Elegant Efendi, or one of the figures in a miniature. Or you could choose a character or object that is
present in the novel but does not serve as a narrator: for example, Bihzad’s turban pin, which Master
Osman finds in the Treasury, or Bihzad himself. Your task is to provide a convincing historical and
personal context for this character, whether or not this character is a human being. You may write in
the first person, adopting the voice of the character, or in the third person.
Information to include:
 when and where the character was born (or was made)
 how she/he/it came to be employed in the job or to occupy the position that she/he/it does
History 2352 syllabus, p. 8




in the novel
where and in what conditions she/he/it lived during the period covered by the novel
how that status reflects the state of the Ottoman Empire during the period when the novel
takes place
how she/he/it was affected by the events in the novel, and/or by particular characters in the
novel
what happened to her/him/it after the novel ends (assuming she/he/it is still in existence at
the end of the novel)
Apart from this information, you are free to include such details as what the character looks like,
her/his/its (?) political or religious opinions, her/his/its opinions of other characters, etc.
EXAMPLE: I decide to write the life history of the keeper of the coffeehouse. My paper might
begin: “I am Mustafa Efendi from Erzurum. I came to Istanbul in the 1570s in the hope of obtaining
a post in one of the corps of palace soldiery. During the arduous journey, however, I contracted a
case of pneumonia that left me unfit for soldiering. Therefore, after several years working at odd jobs
near the Covered Bazaar, I decided to open a coffeehouse in Aksaray. Coffee had come to the
Ottoman Empire from Yemen in the early 1500s, and by 1580, all the men in Istanbul seemed to be
drinking it. My coffeehouse provided them with a reliable place to drink their brew while listening to
stories and gossip.
“After a few years, though, bands of religious fanatics started raiding the place. The numbers of
these people had been increasing in Istanbul ever since I arrived. Back in Erzurum, there had been a
very influential preacher who used to shout from the pulpit that we should eradicate all sinful
innovations since the time of the Prophet. Coffee was at the top of his list of such innovations. I left
Erzurum in part to get away from him, but once I’d settled in Istanbul, I found that his followers had
infiltrated the city.”
This, then, would make a logical transition to the attack on the coffeehouse described in the
novel. I might continue:
“This attack left me nearly dead. One of my regular customers was, in fact, killed. I knew there was
no hope of reopening the coffeehouse. It seems that Istanbul and, indeed, the entire empire is growing
more religiously stringent these days. The ulema preach against harmless entertainments such as coffee
and story-telling, and urge Muslims to enforce the sumptuary laws on Jews and Christians. I decided to
leave Aksaray and head to the European neighborhood of Galata, where I might be able to earn a few
silver coins performing services for the Italian merchants.”
This is simply a brief example of the sorts of considerations and contextual details you might
include.
“CONVENTIONAL” PAPER OPTION.
If you are uncomfortable with “creative” paper
assignments, you may write a more traditional paper in which you discuss one of the features of
Ottoman society portrayed in My Name Is Red: e.g., Ottoman miniature-painting, coffee culture,
religious minorities under Ottoman rule, Islamic marriage and divorce laws as applied under the
Ottomans, family life, the condition of women, Topkapı Palace during the sixteenth century, Ottoman
warfare during the sixteenth century. In that case, your paper must draw examples from My Name Is
Red and must include citations of and a bibliography of outside sources used. I urge you to use the
sources included in the course reading, or at least sources drawn from the list of supplemental
History 2352 syllabus, p. 9
references on the Carmen page. Please do not use web pages or other sources chosen at
random.
TECHNICAL NOTES
1. PLEASE NUMBER YOUR PAGES.
2. Give your paper a title reflecting your topic.
3. Quotations: Do not quote from My Name Is Red or any other source simply for the sake of
quoting. Choose the passages you quote, if any, carefully, and position them in your paper so that
they clearly support the points you are making without interrupting the flow of your argument.
When citing secondary sources, it is usually better to paraphrase than to quote directly.
4. If you do quote any publication, including My Name Is Red, verbatim, you should use quotation
marks and cite the page number on which the quoted material occurs. This can be accomplished either
with a foot- or endnote or with an in-text citation. Example: Lamenting the downturn in book
illustration, especially in Iran, Enishte observes that “not only in Tabriz but in Mashhad and Aleppo,
many miniaturists had abandoned working on books and begun making odd single-leaf pictures…”
(Pamuk, 23). Such quotations are not necessary, however.
5. If you include material drawn from sources other than My Name Is Red, you should cite these
sources in foot- or endnotes, or with in-text citations, and include a bibliography of these sources
at the end of your paper. Please use a consistent note and bibliographical form. Check the list of
readings in your syllabus for examples. Generic examples are as follows:
1ST CITATION IN A FOOTNOTE:
1Halil Inalcik, The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age, 1300-1600, trans. Norman Itzkowitz and Colin
Imber (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1973), 29-32.
FOLLOWING CITATIONS IN FOOTNOTES:
2Inalcik, Classical Age, 46-8.
IN-TEXT CITATION:
The Ottomans achieved urban expansion by establishing imarets (Inalcik 1973, 141-4).
CITATION IN BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Inalcik, Halil. The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age, 1300-1600. Trans. Norman Itzkowitz
and Colin Imber. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1973.
Kâtib Çelebi. The Balance of Truth. Ed. and trans. Geoffrey L. Lewis. London: George Allen and
Unwin, Ltd., 1957. [Note: “Çelebi” is not a last name! This author would appear in your
bibliography under “K” for “Kâtib”.]
If you use in-text citations, bibliographical citations should look like this:
Inalcik, Halil. 1973. The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age, 1300-1600. Trans. Norman Itzkowitz
and Colin Imber. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Book titles are underlined or italicized; journal and encyclopaedia articles are placed between
quotation marks, as are titles of unpublished theses and dissertations.
History 2352 syllabus, p. 10
ENCYCLOPAEDIA ARTICLES:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd ed., s.v. “Dhimmi,” by Bernard Lewis [if author is given]. Do not give
volume or page number.
CITING A WEB PAGE: Please be cautious about using the Web for research, as a great deal of the
information to be found on the Web is of questionable accuracy and may be biased. Try to avoid
using Wikipedia. When citing a Web page, give the title, or an approximation of the title, of the
piece or collection of information you accessed, along with the full URL and access date. If the
author’s name is given, always cite it. If the material you accessed is reproduced from a print
publication, provide the print publication data as well as the URL. For example:
1ST CITATION IN A FOOTNOTE:
“Historical Information on the Topkapı Palace Museum,” www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/
topkapi.html. Reproduced from Ahmet Ertuğ, et al., Topkapı, the Palace of Felicity (Istanbul: Ertuğ and
Kölük, 1989-91). Accessed 15 October 2013.
FOLLOWING CITATIONS IN FOOTNOTES:
“Historical Information on the Topkapı Palace Museum,” www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/
topkapi.html.
CITATION IN BIBLIOGRAPHY:
“Historical Information on the Topkapı Palace Museum.” www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/
topkapi.html. Reproduced from Ahmet Ertuğ, et al., Topkapı, the Palace of Felicity.
Istanbul: Ertuğ and Kölük, 1989-91. Accessed 15 October 2013.
[This entry would appear in the bibliography under “H”.]
Your paper will be evaluated on the basis of how clearly and convincingly you present the character’s
context, and how you relate that context to the novel and to trends in Ottoman history during the
period covered by the novel. If you choose the conventional paper option, your paper will be
evaluated on the basis of how clearly and thoroughly you present the place of the social institution you
have chosen in Ottoman society, and how effectively you link your discussion to My Name Is Red.
Your paper should be typed, double-spaced. Do not try to manipulate the length by using abnormally
large or small fonts or margins. The completed paper is due in the Carmen Drop Box no later than
11:10 a.m. (class time) Thursday, November 19. Feel free to run ideas by me beforehand, either in
person or by e-mail.
History 2352 syllabus, p. 11