PSY 211: Exam 5
No calculators allowed. Please return the exam booklet and your scantron upon completion.
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The value of F increases as the variability across groups increases relative to the
amount of chance variability.
“Height” is an example of a categorical variable.
Zero is the minimum value for F and for χ2.
ANOVA is used instead of the between group t-test when the independent variable has
3 levels instead of 2.
The correlation coefficient could be used to compare Favorite Barnyard Animal to
Favorite Color.
ANOVA stands for ANalysis Of VAriables.
To obtain a statistically significant result, ANOVA requires more participants than
repeated-measures ANOVA.
A dependent variable is a “cause” and an independent variable is an “effect”.
Of the post-hoc tests, the LSD test is the most conservative or cautious.
To examine whether a sample has approximately the same percentage of vegetarians as
the general population, one would use the chi-square test for independence.
Chi-square would be used to examine gender differences in reading speed.
To examine changes in happiness scores across ten different time points, repeatedmeasures ANOVA would be used.
The chi-square test for independence can involve a single categorical variable.
A “p-value” indicates the probability that a result is accurate.
The critical F value for ANOVA will vary, depending on sample size and the number
of groups present.
T F
T F
T F
T F
T F
T F
T F
T F
T F
T F
T F
T F
T F
T F
What statistical test would you use to compare racial/ethnic identification (1=White, 2=African
American, 3=Asian/Pacific Islander, 4=Latino, 5=Native America, 6=biracial/multiracial,
7=other) to emotional expressivity (from 1=low to 9=high)?
a) correlation
b) ANOVA
c) chi-square
How many of the following would be considered “parametric tests”?
I.
ANOVA
II.
Chi-square test for goodness of fit
III.
Regression
IV.
Correlation
a) one
b) two
c) three
18
T F
How many of the following statistics have a maximum value of infinity (∞)?
I.
r
II.
F
III.
χ2
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
19
Below is a chart summarizing data from a study comparing three different treatments for Snake
Phobia. There were 7 different people randomly assigned to each group, and the numbers in
the boxes indicate fear scores on a scale from 0 (not at all afraid) to 10 (completely afraid), for
each person. What do you suppose would be the value for F?
Placebo
Exposure Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
8
9
6
10
7
4
6
1
2
1
6
0
2
3
8
2
6
5
5
5
6
a) 0.55
b) 1.52
c) 2.49
20
For repeated-measures ANOVA, the p-value associated with the F-test will be less than .05
when scores…
a) do not reliably differ across any time points
b) reliably differ for at least one time point
c) reliably differ across all time points
21
What is the purpose of a post-hoc test?
a) Indicate whether the ANOVA is significant
b) Set the critical F value
c) Describe which levels of a factor reliably differ
22
Which of the following best represents a significant χ2 APA format?
a) The chi-square test was statistically significant, χ2(1, N = 62) = 5.42, p = .04.
b) The chi-square test was statistically significant, χ2(1, N = 37) = 0.36, p = .001
c) The chi-square test was statistically significant, χ2(1, N = 568) = 126.44, p > .05
23
If knowing someone’s gender allows you to predict their preferred political party, then gender
and political party are said to be…
a) independent
b) codependent
c) dependent
24
The test statistic chi-square (χ2) is often mispronounced. “Chi” starts with a ______ sound, and
rhymes with the word ______.
a) k; eye
b) ch; eye
c) ch; he
25
What type of test would a researcher use to compare Favorite Television Show to Favorite
Sport?
a) correlation
b) ANOVA
c) chi-square
26
ANOVA is to _______ as repeated-measures ANOVA is to _______.
a) single sample t-test; repeated-measures t-test
b) between-group t-test; within-subject t-test
c) within-subject t-test; single-sample t-test
27
Based on the following Output, do people who sleep on their Stomach significantly differ from
people who sleep in the Fetal Position in terms of crying frequency?
ANOVA
85. Cry ing
Between Groups
W ithin Groups
Total
Sum of
Squares
42.350
956.975
999.325
df
3
322
325
Mean Square
14.117
2.972
F
4.750
Sig.
.003
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: 85. Crying
LSD
(I) 30. Sleeping Pos ition
Back
Side
Stomach
Fetal Position
(J) 30. Sleeping Pos ition
Side
Stomach
Fetal Position
Back
Stomach
Fetal Position
Back
Side
Fetal Position
Back
Side
Stomach
*. The mean difference is s ignificant at the .05 level.
a) Yes
b) No
c) Cannot be determined
Mean
Difference
(I-J)
-.6167
-.8315*
-1.3048*
.6167
-.2148
-.6881*
.8315*
.2148
-.4733
1.3048*
.6881*
.4733
Std.
Error
.3981
.4139
.4079
.3981
.2442
.2338
.4139
.2442
.2599
.4079
.2338
.2599
Sig.
.122
.045
.002
.122
.380
.003
.045
.380
.069
.002
.003
.069
95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Upper
Bound
Bound
-1.400
.167
-1.646
-.017
-2.107
-.502
-.167
1.400
-.695
.266
-1.148
-.228
.017
1.646
-.266
.695
-.985
.038
.502
2.107
.228
1.148
-.038
.985
28
Based on the Output above, what df values would be used in an APA-style write-up?
a) 3, 222
b) 3, 225
c) 222, 225
29
The following Output comes from which type of test?
33. Be lief about Most Stigmatized Group
Et hnic Minority
Gay men /
Lesbian women
At heis ts
Total
Observed N
51
Ex pec ted N
93.0
Residual
-42.0
45
93.0
-48.0
183
279
93.0
90.0
a) chi-square test for goodness of fit
b) chi-square test for independence
c) between-group t-test
Use the following Output for #30. Researchers examined whether being a parents (yes or no) was related
to a person’s most important political issue (education, the economy, healthcare, foreign policy, or some
other issue).
13. Parent * 20. Top Political Issue Crosstabulation
13. Parent
No
Yes
Total
Count
Expected Count
Count
Expected Count
Count
Expected Count
Education
76
68.5
9
16.5
85
85.0
20. Top Political Iss ue
Economy Healthcare Foreign Policy
58
34
11
65.3
39.5
10.5
23
15
2
15.7
9.5
2.5
81
49
13
81.0
49.0
13.0
Other
46
41.1
5
9.9
51
51.0
Chi-Square Te sts
Pearson Chi-Square
Lik elihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear
As soc iation
N of Valid Cases
Value
15.516 a
15.831
.080
4
4
As ymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
.004
.003
1
.777
df
279
a. 1 c ells (10.0%) have ex pec ted c ount les s than 5. The
minimum expected count is 2.52.
30
How would you summarize the Output above?
a) Being a parent is associated with somewhat greater interest in the economy and
somewhat less interest in education.
b) Being a parent is associated with a strong interest in the economy and healthcare, whereas
being a non-parent is related to a strong interest in education, foreign policy, and other political
issues.
c) Being a parent is unrelated to political preferences.
Total
225
225.0
54
54.0
279
279.0
Study Guide
Exam #5
PSY 211
Disclaimer:
 This is a guide of the main points that I consider to be important. You are responsible for
all material covered in lecture. You do not need to know everything from the book, but
do use the book if you need help clarifying anything presented in lecture.
Format:
 The exam is 120 points. There will be only 30 multiple choice questions.
Suggested Learning Strategies:
 Study in small groups
 Ask questions or e-mail Mike
 Review last semester’s exam, posted in this file
 Know how to do all homework problems
 Make up your own multiple choice questions
Conceptual Questions (may appear in multiple choice or short-answer):
 Continuous vs. categorical variable
 *When to use each type of analysis: correlation, between-group t-test, repeated-measures
t-test, ANOVA, repeated-measures ANOVA, chi-square
 The independent and dependent variable for each type of analysis
 Similarities between t-tests and ANOVA
 Differences between ANOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA
 Factor vs. level
 Null and alternative hypotheses for ANOVA
 Rationale of the F statistic for ANOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA
 Range of F values, approximate F values when null hypothesis is correct vs. when the
alternative hypothesis is correct
 Shape of the F distribution; differences between the F, t, and z distributions
 Critical F value is based on two different reference numbers called degrees of freedom,
with one based on the sample size, and one based on the number of groups
 Rationale of using post hoc tests
 Difference between F-test and post hoc tests
 How the LSD test differs from other post hoc tests
 *Basic information from Output for ANOVA, repeated-measures ANOVA, and chisquare
 Identify appropriate APA style write-ups on multiple choice questions
 *Based on a description of a study be able to identify whether ANOVA or repeatedmeasures ANOVA would be used
 Parametric vs. non-parametric tests




Difference between chi-square test for goodness of fit and chi-square test for
independence
Hypothesis testing with chi-square
Distinction between observed vs. expected frequencies in chi-square
Independent vs. dependent
An old exam is posted below. A few questions may be irrelevant, but if you can do well on this
exam, you’ll probably do well on our exam.
OLD EXAM. Answers available online:
http://www.psychmike.com/psy211f07/guide5.doc
Section I. Multiple Choice
1
ANOVA is to _______ as repeated-measures ANOVA is to _______.
a) single sample t-test; between-group t-test
b) within-subject t-test; single-sample t-test
c) between-group t-test; within-subject t-test
2
Chi-square test for goodness of fit usually involves how many categorical
variables?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
3
With regard to ANOVA, how many of the following statements are true?
I. The null hypothesis is false when all groups have the same mean.
II. If F = 0.13, the null hypothesis should always be accepted.
III. If F = 3.56, the alternative hypothesis should always be accepted.
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2 or 3
4
Compared to the LSD post hoc test, the Bonferroni test is more _____.
a) conservative
b) independent
c) liberal
5
Attractiveness is likely this type of variable
a) polynomial
b) continuous
c) categorical
6
Using ANOVA, F will always fall within what range?
a) between negative infinity and infinity
b) between 0 and 1
c) between 0 and infinity
7
The test statistic chi-square (χ2) is often mispronounced. “Chi” starts with a
______ sound, and rhymes with the word ______.
a) ch; he
b) ch; eye
c) k; eye
8
How many of the following are parametric tests?
I. standard deviation
II. between-group t-test
III. chi-square
IV. repeated-measures ANOVA
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
9
Which of the following best characterizes the null hypothesis for chi-square
tests?
a) The frequency of people in each category will be a specific proportion
b) The expected frequencies will be significantly lower than obtained frequencies
c) The group means expected at the population level will not reliably differ
10
Statistical test most appropriate for comparing depression (diagnosis vs. no
diagnosis) to favorite color (blue vs. black vs. other)
a) correlation (r)
b) ANOVA (F)
c) chi-square (χ2)
11
To determine whether an obtained F value is statistically significant, it must be
compared to a critical F value. What two pieces of information are needed to
determine the critical F value?
a) sample size, number of groups
b) mean, sample standard deviation
c) expected frequency, obtained frequency
12
A CMU task force on diversity examines the relationship between ethnicity and
several outcome variables, such as GPA, well-being, and anxiety. Well-being
would best be characterized as
a) an independent variable
b) a confounding variable
c) a dependent variable
13
What is the function of a post hoc test?
a) Indicate whether any statistically significant group differences have occurred
b) Describe which groups reliably differ
c) Set the critical value for the F test (or chi-square)
14
The repeated-measures ANOVA is designed to decrease this type of error
a) individual differences
b) uncontrolled environmental factors
c) unreliability of measures
15
16
Which of the following most represents a significant ANOVA correctly typed in
APA format?
a) The ANOVA was statistically significant, F(3, 256) = 12.31, p > .05
b) The ANOVA was statistically significant, F(5, 61) = 1.13, p < .001
c) The ANOVA was statistically significant, F(4, 81) = 7.13, p = .04
Based on the following repeated-measures ANOVA data, estimate the value of
F:
Participant
Ellen
Jim
Andrea
Brian
Corey
a) 0.92
b) 1.87
c) 3.68
Intake
10
5
7
9
4
Discharge
9
4
6
10
7
Follow-up
10
6
7
9
4
17
Which of the following would lead to a statistically significant chi-square?
a) Approximately equal expected and observed frequencies
b) An observed frequency of zero in at least one of the groups
c) Discrepancy between expected and observed frequencies
18
As variability due to chance decreases, the value of F will
a) increase
b) stay the same
c) decrease
19
If F = 5, the result is statistically significant
a) Always
b) Sometimes
c) Never
20
In a psychiatric hospital, researchers attempt to examine the relationship
between psychological diagnosis and number of suicide attempts. The
diagnosis of “schizophrenia” would be considered
a) an element
b) a level
c) a factor
21
If F = 1, the result is statistically significant
a) Always
b) Sometimes
c) Never
22
Two variables, gender and ethnicity, are most likely
a) independent
b) codependent
c) dependent
23
Type of test typically used for longitudinal studies
a) ANOVA
b) repeated-measures ANOVA
c) chi-square test for goodness of fit
24
One study (N = 47) uses ANOVA, and another study (N = 47) uses repeatedmeasures ANOVA. Which study design has more power?
a) repeated-measures ANOVA
b) ANOVA
c) they’re equal in power
The remaining multiple choice problems (25-30) involve interpreting SPSS
Output. Be sure to write all answers on the scantron form.
25
The following Output is from what type of test?
ANOVA
87. Delaying Gratification
Between Groups
W ithin Groups
Total
Sum of
Squares
3.038
995.882
998.920
a) between-group t-test
b) ANOVA
c) repeated-measures ANOVA
df
5
320
325
Mean Square
.608
3.112
F
.195
Sig.
.964
26
There are two important chi-square Output boxes in SPSS. One of them is
directly below. Determine which box (A, B, or C) is the correct corresponding
second box. Only one answer is correct. The other boxes contain incorrect
information.
2. Gender * 26. Electronic Communication Crosstabulation
2.
Gender
Female
Male
Total
Count
Expected
Count
Count
Expected
Count
Count
Expected
Count
Cell
Phone
123
26. Electronic Communication
Ins tant
Text
E-mail
Messaging
Messaging
21
42
37
118.3
23.9
44.5
36.3
223.0
50
14
23
16
103
54.7
11.1
20.5
16.7
103.0
173
35
65
53
326
173.0
35.0
65.0
53.0
326.0
Chi-Square Te sts
a)
Pearson Chi-Square
Lik elihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear
As soc iation
N of Valid Cases
Value
2.205a
2.161
3
3
As ymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
.531
.540
1
.569
df
.325
326
a. 0 c ells (.0% ) have expected count less than 5. The
Chi-Square
Te 06.
sts
minimum expected
count is 11.
b)
Pearson Chi-Square
Lik elihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear
As soc iation
N of Valid Cases
Value
3.918a
3.725
3
3
As ymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
.321
.325
1
.468
df
.325
325
a. 0 c ells (.0% ) have expected count less than 5. The
Chi-Square
Te 06.
sts
minimum expected
count is 11.
c)
Pearson Chi-Square
Lik elihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear
As soc iation
N of Valid Cases
Value
9.831a
9.462
.465
Total
223
3
3
As ymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
.023
.038
1
.027
df
326
a. 0 c ells (.0% ) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 11. 06.
27
A researcher conducted a study examining whether being in a relationship (yes
or no) was related to favorite fast food place. How would a researcher correctly
summarize the following analyses?
27. Fast Food Choice * 19. Relationship Status Crosstabulation
27. Fas t
Food
Choice
Arby's
Burger King
McDonald's
Taco Bell
Wendy's
Other
Total
19. Relationship
Status
No
Yes
23
31
25.3
28.7
16
10
12.2
13.8
21
16
17.4
19.6
56
64
56.3
63.7
27
28
25.8
29.2
10
24
16.0
18.0
153
173
153.0
173.0
Count
Expected Count
Count
Expected Count
Count
Expected Count
Count
Expected Count
Count
Expected Count
Count
Expected Count
Count
Expected Count
Total
54
54.0
26
26.0
37
37.0
120
120.0
55
55.0
34
34.0
326
326.0
Chi-Square Te sts
Pearson Chi-Square
Lik elihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear
As soc iation
N of Valid Cases
Value
8.366a
8.528
1.162
5
5
As ymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
.137
.129
1
.281
df
326
a. 0 c ells
(.0% ) havefinding
expectediscount
than who
5. Theare not in a relationship are
a) The most
interesting
that less
people
minimum expected count is 12. 20.
more likely to prefer Burger King or McDonald’s, when compared to those in a
relationship.
b) Surprisingly, daters are more likely to enjoy Arby’s, Taco Bell, and “Other” fast
food places than non-daters.
c) Unfortunately, dating status was not related to fast food preference.
28 Based on our data file, an ANOVA was conducted comparing type of vehicle (none,
car, or other) to enjoyment of violence shows (high scores = more enjoyment). The
F test was statistically significant, and the post hoc results are below. How many of
the following statements are true?
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
People who do not have cars (None) watch significantly more violent shows
than people who drive cars (Car).
People who drive cars (Car) watch significantly more violent shows than
people who drive other types of vehicles (Other).
There were no significant differences between people who do not have cars
(None) and people who drive other types of vehicles (Other)
None of the observed differences are likely to occur at the population level.
None of the observed differences are due to sampling error.
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: 82. Violent Shows
LSD
(I) 21. Vehicle
None
Car
Other
(J) 21. Vehicle
Car
Other
None
Other
None
Car
Mean
Difference
(I-J)
.3173
-.2505
-.3173
-.5679*
.2505
.5679*
Std. Error
.3043
.3513
.3043
.2358
.3513
.2358
*. The mean difference is s ignificant at the .05 level.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
Sig.
.298
.476
.298
.017
.476
.017
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
-.281
.916
-.942
.441
-.916
.281
-1.032
-.104
-.441
.942
.104
1.032
29 The following data were used to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention
designed to decrease PTSD symptoms. Ratings of PTSD symptoms were made on
a 0-10 scale, with higher scores indicating more symptoms. Ratings were made at
the start of the study (Intake), end of the study (Discharge), and at a 1-year follow-up
(Follow-up).
Using the following Output, report the appropriate value for F.
Descriptive Statistics
Mean
8.0645
6.6452
7.6774
Intake
Discharge
Follow-up
Std. Deviation
1.80620
1.42708
2.11955
N
31
31
31
Tests of Within-Subjects Effects
Measure: MEASURE_1
Source
factor1
Error(factor1)
Sphericity Assumed
Greenhous e-Geisser
Huynh-Feldt
Lower-bound
Sphericity Assumed
Greenhous e-Geisser
Huynh-Feldt
Lower-bound
Type III Sum
of Squares
33.376
33.376
33.376
33.376
237.290
237.290
237.290
237.290
df
2
1.980
2.000
1.000
60
59.388
60.000
30.000
Mean Square
16.688
16.860
16.688
33.376
3.955
3.996
3.955
7.910
F
4.220
4.319
4.319
4.373
Pairwise Comparisons
Measure: MEASURE_1
(I) factor1
1
2
3
(J) factor1
2
3
1
3
1
2
Mean
Difference
(I-J)
1.419*
.387
-1.419*
-1.032
-.387
1.032
Std. Error
.503
.483
.503
.528
.483
.528
a
Sig.
.008
.430
.008
.060
.430
.060
95% Confidence Interval for
a
Difference
Lower Bound Upper Bound
.392
2.447
-.600
1.374
-2.447
-.392
-2.110
.045
-1.374
.600
-.045
2.110
on estimated marginal means
a) F =Based
4.220
*.
The
b) F = 4.319mean difference is s ignificant at the .05 level.
a. Adjustment for multiple comparis ons : Least Significant Difference (equivalent to no
c) F = 4.373
adjustments).
30
Is the treatment reliably effective at follow-up?
a) Yes
b) No
c) More information needed
Sig.
.019
.020
.019
.049
Section II. Short Answer
31. [6 points] Describe the differences between the following four analyses:
1) correlation, 2) between-group t-test, 3) ANOVA, 4) chi-square
32. [2 points] You design a study to determine which type of several beers is the best.
What type of analysis would you be most appropriate for this type of study?
33. [2 points] There are numerous political parties in the United States, and their
supporters often make foolish claims of a variety of sorts. Ann Coulter is a political
commentator who opposes the Democratic Party. A few months ago, she said she
wished females did not have the right to vote because being female is “correlated” with
voting Democrat. From a purely statistical viewpoint, what is wrong with her word
choice?
Another Old Exam
Answers: http://www.psychmike.com/psy211/guide5.doc
PSY 211: Exam #5
Name: _____________________________
Course Reference # 22032197
Mike Hoerger
1
ANOVA is to _______ as repeated-measures ANOVA is to _______.
a) between-group t-test; within-subject t-test
b) single sample t-test; repeated-measures t-test
c) within-subject t-test; single-sample t-test
2
How many of the following statements are correct?
I. F ranges from 0 to ∞
II. χ2 ranges from -∞ to ∞
III. r ranges from -∞ to ∞
a) 1 statement is correct
b) 2 statement are correct
c) 3 statement are correct
3
How many of the following are parametric tests?
I. mode
II. chi-square
III. regression
IV. ANOVA
a) 1 test
b) 2 tests
c) 3 tests
4
Agreeableness is best described as a…
a) categorical variable
b) continuous variable
c) polygamous variable
5
If F = 0.97, the data support the null hypothesis.
a) Always
b) Sometimes
c) Never
6
The test statistic chi-square (χ2) is often mispronounced. “Chi” starts with a
______ sound, and rhymes with the word ______.
a) ch; eye
b) k; eye
c) ch; he
7
What are post hoc tests used for?
a) Describe which groups reliably differ
b) Set the critical value for the F test (or chi-square)
c) Indicate whether any statistically significant group differences have occurred
8
Statistical test used for comparing Favorite Season (1=Fall, 2=Winter,
3=Spring, 4=Summer) to Favorite Music (1=Country, 2=Rock, 3=Other).
a) Correlation (r)
b) ANOVA (F)
c) Chi-square (χ2)
9
Favorite food is best described as a…
a) categorical variable
b) continuous variable
c) polygamous variable
10
Compared to other post hoc tests, the LSD test is more…
a) liberal
b) independent
c) conservative
11
Below is a chart summarizing data from a study comparing three different
treatments for atherosclerosis, or “hardening of the arteries.” There were 7
different people randomly assigned to each group, and the numbers in the
boxes indicate health scores, rated on a scale from 0 to 10, for each person.
What do you suppose would be the value for F?
Placebo
Medication
Surgery
1
1
1
2
2
3
6
2
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
7
8
8
9
9
9
a) less than 1
b) equal to 1
c) greater than 1
12
Which of the following best describes a significant chi-square in APA format?
a) The chi-square test was significant, χ2(1, N = 20) = 77.45, p = .50
b) The chi-square test was significant, χ2(1, N = 336) = 0.23, p < .001
c) The chi-square test was significant, χ2(1, N = 94) = 14.63, p = .03
13
This statistical test usually only involves a single variable
a) ANOVA
b) Chi-square test for independence
c) Chi-square test for goodness of fit
14
ANOVA is used instead of t-tests when the independent variable has more
than two…
a) confounds
b) levels
c) factors
15
As the variability across groups increases relative to the amount of chance
variability, F will…
a) decrease
b) stay the same
c) increase
16
Two variables, Skipping Class (0=Non-skipper, 1=Skipper) and Passing PSY
211 (0=Fail, 1=Pass) are likely…
a) Codependent
b) Dependent
c) Independent
17
“ANOVA” stands for Analysis of…
a) Variegates
b) Variance
c) Variables
18
For repeated-measures ANOVA, the p-value associated with the F-test will be
less than .05 when score…
a) reliably differ across all time points
b) do not reliably differ across any time points
c) reliably differ for at least one time point
19
To obtain a statistically significant result, the repeated-measures ANOVA
requires __________ ANOVA.
a) fewer people than
b) as many people as
c) more people than
20
To examine gender differences in exam scores, this test would be used.
a) correlation
b) t-test
c) chi-square
Use the following Output to answer questions 21 and 22. This analysis examines
whether childhood emotional experience (shame, anger, sadness, or anxiety) is
related to current level of friends’ happiness.
Descriptives
94. Friend Happines s
Shame
Anger
Sadness
Anxiety
Total
N
45
41
55
138
279
Mean
6.53
6.88
5.93
6.70
6.55
Std.
Deviation
1.375
1.053
1.317
1.326
1.329
Std.
Error
.205
.165
.178
.113
.080
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Lower
Upper
Bound
Bound
6.12
6.95
6.55
7.21
5.57
6.28
6.48
6.93
6.39
6.71
Minimum
2
5
2
4
2
Maximum
9
9
9
9
9
ANOVA
94. Friend Happines s
Between Groups
W ithin Groups
Total
Sum of
Squares
28.979
462.118
491.097
df
3
275
278
Mean Square
9.660
1.680
F
5.748
Sig.
.001
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: 94. Friend Happines s
LSD
(I) 22. Negative
Emotion (Childhood)
Shame
Anger
Sadness
Anxiety
(J) 22. Negative
Emotion (Childhood)
Anger
Sadness
Anxiety
Shame
Sadness
Anxiety
Shame
Anger
Anxiety
Shame
Anger
Sadness
Mean
Difference
(I-J)
-.345
.606*
-.170
.345
.951*
.175
-.606*
-.951*
-.776*
.170
-.175
.776*
*. The mean difference is s ignificant at the .05 level.
Std.
Error
.280
.261
.223
.280
.267
.231
.261
.267
.207
.223
.231
.207
Sig.
.219
.021
.447
.219
.000
.448
.021
.000
.000
.447
.448
.000
95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Upper
Bound
Bound
-.90
.21
.09
1.12
-.61
.27
-.21
.90
.42
1.48
-.28
.63
-1.12
-.09
-1.48
-.42
-1.18
-.37
-.27
.61
-.63
.28
.37
1.18
21
How many of the following statements are correct?
I. The null hypothesis is supported.
II. Angry children had the happiest friends.
III. Friends’ happiness differed significantly across the shame
and anxiety groups.
a) 1 statement is correct
b) 2 statements are correct
c) 3 statements are correct
22
This is not one of the degree of freedom values used to find the critical F.
a) 3
b) 275
c) 278
Use the following Output for question 23. The analysis examines whether people
who are in relationships differ from people who are single in terms of which
animal they wish they could be.
16. Relationship Status * 27. Animal for a Day Crosstabulation
16.
Relationship
Status
Single
In a Relationship
Total
Count
Expected Count
Count
Expected Count
Count
Expected Count
Dolphin
41
36.9
50
54.1
91
91.0
27. Animal for a Day
Eagle
Horse
Dog
42
9
16
40.9
6.5
26.3
59
7
49
60.1
9.5
38.7
101
16
65
101.0
16.0
65.0
Turtle
5
2.4
1
3.6
6
6.0
Chi-Square Te sts
Pearson Chi-Square
Lik elihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear
As soc iation
N of Valid Cases
Value
13.854 a
14.359
2.183
4
4
As ymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
.008
.006
1
.140
df
279
a. 2 c ells (20.0%) have ex pec ted c ount les s than 5. The
minimum expected count is 2.43.
23
Compared to people in a relationship, people who are single were _____ likely
to want to be a dolphin and were _____ likely to want to be a dog.
a) less; less
b) more; less
c) less; more
Total
113
113.0
166
166.0
279
279.0
24
The following Output comes from which type of test?
33. Be lief about Most Stigmatized Group
Et hnic Minority
Gay men /
Lesbian women
At heis ts
Total
Observed N
51
Ex pec ted N
93.0
Residual
-42.0
45
93.0
-48.0
183
279
93.0
90.0
a) between-group t-test
b) chi-square test for goodness of fit
c) chi-square test for independence
25
A repeated-measures ANOVA is used to compare the body weights of people
in a diet group at intake, discharge, and follow-up. The result is significant, as
indicated by the following Output box. What is the p-value?
Tests of Within-Subjects Effects
Measure: MEASURE_1
Source
factor1
Error(factor1)
a) .001
b) .002
c) .003
Sphericity Assumed
Greenhous e-Geisser
Huynh-Feldt
Lower-bound
Sphericity Assumed
Greenhous e-Geisser
Huynh-Feldt
Lower-bound
Type III Sum
of Squares
2137.778
2137.778
2137.778
2137.778
2395.556
2395.556
2395.556
2395.556
df
2
1.1
1.2
1.0
28
16
17
14
Mean
Square
1068.889
1862.113
1805.097
2137.778
85.556
149.046
144.483
171.111
F
12.494
12.494
12.494
12.494
Sig.
.001
.002
.002
.003
Part II. Short Answer
26. Below is a chart. Fill in the empty boxes in the Independent Variable and Dependent
Variable columns to describe what type of variables are used for each analysis. [10pts]
Analysis
Correlation
Independent Variable(s)
Dependent Variable
Multiple Regression
Between-group t-test
ANOVA
Chi-square test for independence
27. You want to design a study to determine which type of pop is the best: Coke, Pepsi, or
Dr. Pepper. Explain how you would design the study and indicate which statistical test you
would use to analyze the results. [3pts[
28. Several recent CM-Life articles have reported statistics, such as 30% of CMU students
do not frequently use the University Center, and 60% of minority students are dissatisfied
with campus diversity. Any criticisms of these results? [2pts]
Bonus. What was something interesting you learned in PSY 211 this year?
[2pts for an interesting fact. 5pts for the most interesting fact out of all students]