500 MYA
65 MYA
32 MYA
25 MYA
3.5 MYA
3.4 MYA
3 MYA
0.7 MYA
0.12 MYA
0.014 MYA
71,000 BC
50,000 BC
40,000 BC
38,000 BC
35,000 BC
34,000 BC
33,000 BC
30,000 BC
28,000 BC
24,000 BC
23,000 BC
21,000 BC
20,000 BC
18,000 BC
17,000 BC
16,000 BC
15,000 BC
13,000 BC
12,000 BC
11,000 BC
10,000 BC
9000 BC
8000 BC
7500 BC
7000 BC
Burgess Shale forms
Chicxulub meteor on Yucatan, Eruption of the Deccan Traps in India
Primates form
<i>Proconsul</i> forms
Laetoli E Africa eruption captures <i>Australopithecine</i> footprints
North and South America join
“Lucy” walks the earth <i>Australopithicenes</i>
Taupo Biggest eruption
Neanderthal’s appear
Last ice age begins
Toba eruption
Barringer AZ meteor impact
Aboriginal Australians sail, beginning of modern humans, stone tools,
rock engravings in Australia
Humans in limestone caves in N Borneo, Cro-Magnon reaches Europe,
waisted axes in New Guinea
Early counting device found in S Africa made from baboon fibula, end of
Neanderthals
Hunter-gatherers in Lesotho and Zambia
Small quartz tools in Zaire
Evidence of berry gathering in AFR
Aboriginal Australian stone tools
Nambian cave drawings, European clay houses, cremations in AUS
Clay statuettes found
Ivory boomerang in Poland
Mastodons roam N America, Lascaux France paintings created, Spainish
paintings created
Cave dwellers in Australia, hunter-gatherers in Zaire
Wild cereal gathered near Lake Kinneret (Galilee), rock paintings in
Australia
Huts created with mammoth-bone roofs
Spear hunters in Indonesia
Terra cotta figures in Algeria, hunter-gatherers in Asia, humans cross
Alaska
Mastodons roam Siberia
N European cave dwellers make obsidian points, Cave dwellings in
Nagasaki, Japan, Obsidian points found in Greece, Humans in Chile
Retreat of last ice age, advanced stone tools found, colossal flood in
Washington State
Stone tools created in Peru, Jamon pottery period of Japan begins, Clovis
hunters in US huntb bison
Cave paintings found in W AFR, painted human figures in AFR,
settlement of Jericho, mud brick in Asia, shellfish consumption in Europe
Earliest cemetery – in Arkansas
Fishing communities in N AFR, farming in W Asia, earliest crops in MEX,
Possible time of Bosphorous flood in Turkey
6500 BC
6000 BC
5400 BC
5000 BC
4500 BC
4241 BC
4000 BC
3760 BC
3500 BC
3372 BC
3350 BC
3300 BC
3200 BC
3100 BC
3000 BC
2800 BC
2772 BC
2750 BC
2700 BC
2650 BC
2600 BC
2500 BC
2400 BC
2350 BC
2300 BC
2270 BC
Cereal farming in Europe and the Indus valley, grain crops in Peru
Villages of wooden huts found in Europe, town of Catal Huyuk in Turkey,
pigs domesticated in China, Cattle domestication in Sahara, millet
domesticated in China, irrigation in Mesopotamia
Eruption and mudflow at Ranier WA
European copper and gold work, rice cultivated in China, jade imported to
China from Siberia, Egyptian village communities grow wheat and barley,
stone age tools in China, first cities in Sumer, farming in S France,
Karanova settlement in Bulgaria, corn cultivated in MEX, Cochise culture
in SW US, Chumash culture in CA, Chonchorros people in Chile, copper
used in Mesopotamia, Gumelnitsa culture in Romania
Pottery in Nubia, Vinca copper culture in Yugoslavia
First precisely dated year
Farmers in Sahara domesticate animals, first sail used on boats in Egypt,
pottery made in Ghana W AFR, city of Enridu Mesopotamis expands,
passage graves built at Carnac France, crops in Britain
First year of Hebrew calendar
Naqada culture begins in Egypt, Ur founded, llama first used in Peru,
Haida culture in NW CAN, Fishing villages in Peru, Cotton introduced in
Peru, Drought and famine in Egypt and Africa
First date in Mayan chronology
Jordhoj graves constructed in DEN
Passage graves built in Spain
Earliest hieroglyphics in Egypt, Newgrange passage grange built in
Ireland
Menes unites two Egypts, Byblos founded, experimental bronzework in
Mesopotamia , Flood and cyclone hit Mesopotamia
Wheel appears in Mesopotamia, plow used in China, Neolithic age in SE
Asia, Bronze Age in Crete, Stone temples in Malta, Neolithic village of
Skara Brae built in Orkney, Scotland
Stonehenge
Egyptian calendar lengthened to 365 days
Gilgamesh rules Uruk
King Gilgamesh reigns at Uruk Sumeria, City of Troy founded
Start of great pyramid building in Egypt
Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops) built
Rise of Indus civilization in Pakistan complete with writing, building of
the Sphinx at Giza, people at Ebla, Syria trade with Mediterranean peoples,
Beaker culture from low countries reaches France, Paloma site in Chilca
river valley in Peru abandoned, Corn becomes diet staple in Americas
Lugalzaggisi of Uruk defeats Lagash empire – becomes king of the
countries
Lugalzaggisi defeated by Sargon – Sargon king of four quarters
Sargon II of Akkad dominates Sumer, End of Yao dynasty - Shun dynasty
of China begins
Naramsin rules Babylon
2233 BC
2205 BC
2200 BC
2100 BC
2060 BC
2000 BC
1887 BC
1849 BC
1800 BC
1790 BC
1786 BC
1760 BC
1750 BC
1708 BC
1700 BC
1600 BC
1595 BC
1590 BC
1550 BC
1530 BC
1515 BC
1500 BC
1480 BC
1450 BC
1420 BC
1400 BC
1385 BC
1380 BC
1379 BC
1362 BC
1358 BC
1350 BC
1335 BC
1300 BC
End of Naramsin’s rule of Babylon
End of Shun Dynasty of China – start of Hsai dynasties
Middle Jamon period in Japan, beginning of Bronze Age in Ireland,
Drought and famine in Egypt, Earthquake or space threat (Sodom
Gomorrah), Hyksos begin to rule Egypt
Corn grown in Andean highlands, end of Sargon reign of Sumeria,
estimated departure of Abraham from Ur
Ziggurat of Ur built
Inuits settle Arctic, Andean settlements thrive in Peru, Afanasievo
Neolithic culture begins in Siberia, end of Sumerian power in
Mesopotamia, Bronze age begins in Scotland, Minoan palace civilization
in Crete
Sesostris III invades Canaan
Death of Sesostris III of Canaan
Ceremonial platforms in Peru
Reign of King Hammurabi in Babylon
Rule of the Hyksos in Egypt
End of Hsei dynasties of China – Start of Shang Dynasty
Death of Hamurrabi of Babylon, Estimated start of Persian empire
Drought and famine in Egypt/middle east (Joseph?)
End of rule of Hyksos in Egypt – also 1550/75
Beginning of Mycenaean power in Agean
Hittites from Turkey sack Babylon
Kassites from Zagros mountains seize Babylon
Ahmose I drives Hyksos out of Egypt – also 1575 BC – New Kingdom
Amenhotep I rules Egypt
Death of Amenhotep I of Egypt Thutmose I rules
Death of Thutmose I of Egypt – wife Hatshepsut rules until 1480
Phoenicians trade via ship, Shang Dynasty begins in China, Kassites take
over Indus civilization, collapse of Minoan civilization in Crete, first
Olmec gravel platforms in MEX, Greek volcano erupts – may have led to
tsunamis which wiped out the Minoans on Crete (River to blood?)
Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt turns throne over to son Thutmose III
End of reign of Thutmose III of Egypt
Amenhotep III rules Egypt
First Phoenician alphabet, farming develops in Honduras
End of reign of Amenhotep III of Egypt, Amenhotep IV rules (Ikhnaton)
tries to set up Aton monotheism
Suppiluliumas I becomes king of Hittites
Reign of Akhenaten begins in Egypt
Death of Akhenaten in Egypt
Death of Pharoah Amenhotep IV (Ikhnaton)
Settlement begins at San Jose Mogote, MEX, Start of 19th Egyptian
Dynasty with Seti and Ramses
Death of Ahmose I of Egypt?
Earthquake in Israel? (Jericho?)
1290 BC
1260 BC
1250 BC
1226 BC
1200 BC
1193 BC
1182 BC
1151 BC
1146 BC
1123 BC
1122 BC
1120 BC
1116 BC
1100 BC
1090 BC
1085 BC
1077 BC
1050 BC
1045 BC
1002 BC
1000 BC
970 BC
960 BC
950 BC
945 BC
935 BC
925 BC
917 BC
911 BC
907 BC
900 BC
Ramses II reasserts Egyptian power
Approximate date of writing of Deuteronomy
Building of Lion Gate at Mycenae
Mt Etna erupts on Sicily
Yams grown for food in W AFR, Greeks destroy Troy after 10 year war,
Olmec peoples thrive in Gulf of Mexico, Chavin culture grows in Peru,
first epic tales of Gilgamesh told, End of New Kingdom of Egypt and 19th
Dynasty – estimated departure of Israelites from Egypt, Start Egypts 20th
Dynasty
Trojan War destroys Troy
Ramesses III begins to reign
Death of Ramesses III of Egypt
Nebuchadnezzar I begins to rule Babylon
End of Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon
End of Shang Dynasty of China, Start Chou
city of Mycenae destroyed
Tiglath-pileser I begins Assyrian empire
First Assyrian civilization in n Mesopotamia declines, Olmec culture
flourishes in San Lorenzo
End Egypt’s 20th Dynasty, start 21st
Government of Egypt passes to Pharaohs in north
End of Tiglath-pileser I of Assyria
Priest-kings of Thebes in Egypt separate from pharaohs
Zhou replaces Shang in China
Saul begins rule of Israel
Khosian people on edge of Kalahari hunt, Last Jomon period (Banki),
begins in Japanese pottery, Zhou of China make pottery, Aryans expand
over Ganges river plain, Greeks begin to colonize Aegean islands, early
iron age in Italy, expansion of Olmecs at Cuicuilco, west of San Lorenzo,
La Venta becomes Olmec commerce center, Saul of Israel defeated by
Philistines
Reign of Solomon in Israel begins
Approximate death of David in Israel
Poppies first grown in Egypt
End of reign of pharaohs of north, 21st Dynasty ends
End of reign of Solomon of Israel, division of Israel
Approximate death of Solomon in Israel
End reign of Rehoboam I of Judah
Reign of Adad-Nirari marks Assyrian supremacy
End of Jereboam I of Israel
Nok people of Nigeria, W Africa sculpt, Kushites in Sudan establish
capital at Napata, trade begins to revive in Mediterranean, state of Sparta
in S Greece founded by Dorians from north, peoples at Hallstart in Austria
mine salt, iron in use, Geometric art begins to appear in Greece, Peru’s
Paracas peninsula becomes religious center, Chavin culture focuses
around Chavin de Huantar in Peruvian Andes
891 BC
883 BC
879 BC
859 BC
853 BC
850 BC
841 BC
824 BC
814 BC
811 BC
807 BC
801 BC
800 BC
787 BC
784 BC
776 BC
775 BC
771 BC
770 BC
763 BC
753 BC
746 BC
745 BC
744 BC
735 BC
730 BC
727 BC
722 BC
721 BC
720 BC
715 BC
705 BC
704 BC
701 BC
700 BC
690 BC
689 BC
681 BC
672 BC
End of reign of Adad-Nirari of Assuria
Assurnasirpal II rules Assyria
Samaria rebuilt as Israel stronghold
End of Assurnasirpal II of Assyria, start Shalmaneser III
Battle of Qarqaar – Assyrian King Shalmaneser III defeated by King Ahab
of Israel and Hadad-ezer of Damascus
Andes mountains holds Chavin civilization and their temple at Chavin de
Huantar where Peruvians pilgrimage to worship the Smiling God
Start of verified Chinese chronology
End Shalmaneser III of Assyria
Phoenicians found colony at Carthage in Tunisia (813)
Queen Samuramat of Assyria – legendary queen of Semiramis begins
reign
End reign of Queen Samuramat of Assyria
King Joas of Israel rules
Olmec carvings show early reverence of the jaguar, cereal production in
Ethiopia increases, Etruscans begin to set up city-states in W central Italy,
start of Egypt’s 23rd Dynasty
End King Joas of Israel
Jereboam II rules Israel
First recorded Olympic games in Greece
Solar eclipse first verified Chinese date
Zhou capital moved east towards Luoyang
Kushite rulers in Sudan lead armies against Egypt
Eclipse marks start of new Assyrian calendar
Rome founded on Tiber river in Italy
Tiglath-pileser II rules Assyria
End of Egyptian 22nd Dynasty
End reign of Jereboam II of Israel
Greeks found colony at Syracuse, Sicily
End Egypt’s 23rd Dynasty
End reign of Tiglath-pileser of Assyria – subjugates Syria and Philistia
Samaria destroyed by Sargon II of Assyria
Reign of Sargon II of Assyria begins
Sargon II of Assyria conquers Israel
Numa Pompilius starts reign as second king of Rome – increases months
of Rome’s calendar
King Sennacherib of Assyria starts to reign
End of reign of Sargon III of Assyria, Sennacherib rules Assyria
Isaiah prophesies
Kushites worship lion god Apedemak, Iron tools and weapons made in
Egypt, Olmecs abandon San Lorenzo, End of Bronze Age in Scotland
Manasseh reigns in Judah
Sennacherib invades Babylonia and sacks Babylon
Death of Sennacherib of Assyria
End of Reign of Numa Pompilius of Rome
671 BC
650 BC
642 BC
640 BC
639 BC
630 BC
625 BC
616 BC
612 BC
611 BC
608 BC
605 BC
604 BC
600 BC
590 BC
586 BC
585 BC
581 BC
578 BC
569 BC
561 BC
560 BC
557 BC
554 BC
553 BC
550 BC
546 BC
545 BC
539 BC
536 BC
535 BC
529 BC
527 BC
526 BC
525 BC
522 BC
Egypt overrun by Mesopotamians
Greeks found colony of Cyrene in N Africa
Thales of Miletus Greek Philosopher born
Solon serves as Athenian statesman
Death of King Manasseh of Judah, start reign of Josiah
Zoroaster of Persia born
Babylon re-emerges as major power
Reign of Tarquinis Priscus of the Etruscans begins in Rome
Assyrian capital of Nineveh sacked by Babylonians and Medes
Anaximander of Miletus the philosopher born
End reign of Josiah king of Judah
Nebuchadnezzar II becomes king of Babylonia
Lao-tse born in China
Greek culture height, Nok people of Nigeria begin to mine iron,
Carthaginians explore N Africa by sea, possible circumnavigation of
Africa, Oaxaca culture grows stronger than Olmecs in Mexico
Solon, chief magistrate in Greece establishes laws barring enslavement of
debtors
Nebuchandezzar II conquers Judah and takes captives
Prophet Jeremiah flees to Egypt
Nebuchadnezzar II burns Jerusalem
Death of Tarquinis Priscus the Etruscan king, reign of Servius Tullius in
Rome (penultimate king) – walls started
Amasis II of Egypt opens trade with Greece
Croesus King of Lydia begins to rule
Siddartha Gautama (Buddha) born, Death of Solon the Athenian statesman
Reign of Cyrus the Great of Persia begins
Lydian Empire taken by Cyrus the Great of Persia
Death of Zoroaster of Persia, Cyrus II the Great begins to rule Persia
Oaxaca center established at Monte Alban, end of Persian empire
estimated
Death of Anaximander of Miletus – philosopher, Death of Croesus of
Lydia, Death of Anaximander who taught that all life develops from
amphibians
Death of Thales of Miletus the Greek Philosopher
Cyrus captures Babylon
Cyrus frees Jews in Babylon, Milo of Crotona becomes six-time champion
of Olympics
Death of Servius Tullius King of Rome
Death of Cyrus of Persia, son Cambyses II begins to reign
Peisistratus – usurper of Athenian government - dies
Death of Amasis II of Egypt who opened Greek trade
Cambyses of Persia conquers Egypt – end of rule of Pharaohs,
Themistocles Athenian statesman born, Aeschylus – Greek deamatist born
Death of Cambyses II of Persia
521 BC
519 BC
515 BC
510 BC
509 BC
508 BC
500 BC
499 BC
498 BC
497 BC
495 BC
494 BC
493 BC
492 BC
491 BC
490 BC
488 BC
486 BC
485 BC
484 BC
483 BC
482 BC
Begin reign of Darius I of Persia (522), Buddha preaches first sermon in
city of Benares
Xerxes of Persia born
Birth of Greek philosopher Parmenides
Celts settle in Britain and France, sons of Peisistratus overthrown in
Greece, Cleisthenes introduces democratic reforms in Athens
Roman republic founded, Brutus becomes one of chief consuls, Roman
Temple of Jupiter completed
Democratic reforms introduced to Greece by Cleisthenes
Semitic people from southern Arabia migrate to Eritrea and Ethiopia for
trade, Darius I of Perisa improves highway from Susa to Ephesus, Paracas
culture flourishes in Peru, Adenas people in Ohio valley reach peak
civilization, Sardinia captured by Greeks, Phoenicians and Carthaginians,
Ionians revolt from Persia under Histiaeus and Aristagoras, Satyr play
introduced in Athens, Ramayana – ancient Hindu poem created, erection
of the Theseum in Athens, “Treasury of the Athenians” built at Delphi,
Pindar begins to write odes, Indian surgeon Susrata performs cataract
operations, Greek physician Alcmaeon discovers Eustachian tubes, hanno
the Carthaginian travels the west coast of Africa
Ionian War begins, Sardis burned by Athenians, length of lunar month
discovered in Babylon,
Tarquin defeated and killed at Battle of Lake Regillus, Temple of Saturn
built at Rome
Pythagoras of Greece dies
Anacreon Greek Poet dies
City of Persepolis founded by Darius is razed, Ionian War ends with
capture of Miletus, Latin League fights against Etruscans – plebians win
and elect tribunate, Vouni Palace erected in Cyprus
Miltiades flees to Athens, Romans conquer Corioli, Dionysus’ Theater in
Athens built
Darius I demands earth and water from Greece as tribute
Coriolanus banished from Rome
Athenian Greeks defeat Persian attack at Battle of Marathon,
woodworking increases along W coast of AK and CAN, birth of Zeno of
Elea the disciple of Parminides, Persian wars begin as Persian army is
defeated by Greeks at Marathon
Militiades disgraced
Death of Darius I of Persia (485), Death of Hecataeus of Greece who write
about India
Reign of Xerxes of Persia, Hypostyle Hall of Xerxes erected at Persepolis,
Gelo becomes tryant of Syracuse, Cincinnatus becomes Roman dictator
(458)
Temple of Castor and Pollux erected in Rome, Aeschylus first play
Death of Heraclitus the Greek Philosopher, Aristides banished, Athenian
sea power established
Death of Siddartha Gautama (Buddha) (480)
480 BC
479 BC
478 BC
477 BC
475 BC
472 BC
471 BC
468 BC
466 BC
465 BC
464 BC
462 BC
461 BC
460 BC
459 BC
458 BC
456 BC
454 BC
451 BC
450 BC
449 BC
Voyage of Carthaginian admiral Hanno along W African coast, Persian
fleet of King Xerxes annihilated at Battle of Salmis, End Chou Dynasty of
China, Spartans defeated by Persians at Thermopylae, Athens burned and
acropolis destroyed by Xerxes, in Battle of Salamis Persians defeated by
Athenians, Carthaginians under Hamilcar Barca defeated by Gelo of
Syracuse
Kung Fu-tse (Confucius) dies, Persians capture and destroy Babylon
Marble temple of Apollo at Delphi created, “Victorious Charioteer”
bronze statue at Delphi created, Hiero the tyrant of Syracuse calls poets
Aeschylus Pindar and Bacchylides to court, walls of Athens rebuilt, Delian
league founded in opposition to Themistocles
Vardhamana – Indian reformer dies, Begin Athenian ascendancy, death of
306 Roman Fabii in battle with Etruscans
“Phoenissae” the Greek tragedy about the Persian wars created
Aeschylus writes “The Persians” tragedy
Aeschylus introduces second actors, protagonists and chorus into plays,
Themistocles banished from Greece, Plebians in Rome choose own
tribune
Sophocles introduces third actor into plays and wins contest over
Aeschylus, death of Simonides of Keos the Greek poet
Battle of Eurymedon Persian army and navy destroyed
Assassination of Xerxes of Persia – son Artaxerxes rules, disastrous
earthquakes in Sparta, democracy in Syracuse
Earthquake in Greece destroys Sparta and Laconia
Soldiers and judges of Athens receive salaries, Cimon banished, Begin of
rise of Pericles in Athens
Perikles elected party head and govern Athens
Hippocrates the Greek physician born, Temple of Zeus in Olympia built,
death of Democritus the Greek philosopher, Aeschylus writes
“Prometheus Bound”
Death of Themistocles – Athenian statesman
Ezra goes to Jerusalem to restore Law of Moses, Aeschylus writes
“Oresteia”, War between Athens and Corinth
Death of Greek Dramatist Aeschylus, long walls from Athens to Piraeus
finished
End of Cimon banishment, Achaea joins Athenian alliance, Greeks in
Egypt defeated by Megabyzus
Three Roman senators go to Athens to study the laws of Solon
Celts first settle in Scotland, Alcibiades Greek politician and general dies,
Tarentum the Greek trading city in Italy subdued by Rome, death of Greek
poet Bacchylides, Mimes introduced into theater by Sophron of Suracuse,
Roman laws codified into 12 Tables, Temple of Theseus built at Athens,
Aspasia the mistress of Pericles rules Athenian society
Earliest creation of Roman laws drawn up, Persian wars end with Greek
victory, Death of Cimon of Athens
447 BC
445 BC
443 BC
440 BC
439 BC
438 BC
437 BC
436 BC
433 BC
431 BC
430 BC
429 BC
428 BC
424 BC
423 BC
421 BC
420 BC
415 BC
414 BC
413 BC
411 BC
408 BC
407 BC
406 BC
Death of Pindar – Greek poet, Administration of Roman exchequer passes
into the hands of quaestors, Revolt of Megabyzus the Persian satrap of
Syria, Athenians defeated at Coronea by Boeotians
30 year truce begins between Athens and Sparta, Temple of Poseidon at
Cape Sunium, Lex Canuleia permits intermarriage between patricians and
plebeians in Rome
Sophocles writes “Antigone”, Pericles elected general for 15 years
Pericles of Athens takes Samos, Judean law prohibits intermarriage,
Pericles founds the colony of Thurii in southern Italy with Herodotus as
one of its citizens
Bust of Pericles made by Cresilas, Plebian revolt in Rome Cincinnatus
appointed dictator
Concecration of Parthenon
Plato dies, Amphipolis colonized by Athenians
Death of Phidias the Greek sculptor
Acropolis rebuilt
Great Peloponnesian war between Athens and Sparta, Euripides writes
“Medea”, Temple of Apollo in Rome, Pericles delivers funeral oration
Plagues hit Athens – probably smallpox, death of Greek philosopher
Empedocles
Death of Pericles of Athens – Cleon and Nicias rule
Approximate death of Anaxagoras the Greek philosopher
Herodotus the “Father of History” dies, death of Artaxerxes of Persia,
Thucydudes exiled from Athens, Xerxes II becomes king of Persia but is
assassinated and is succeeded by Darius II
End of plague in Athens, Aristophanes “The Clouds”
Cratinus – Greek comedian dies, Peace of Nicias between Athens and
Sparta, Cratinus the Greek comedian dies, Aristophanes writes “The
Peace”
Death of Polyclitus the Greek sculptor, Epaminodas of Thebes dies
Protagoras the Greek Philosopher dies, end of 30 year truce between
Athens and Sparta, Athenians invade Sicily and besiege Syracuse,
Alcibiades accused of sacrilege and goes over to Spartans, Aristophanes
writes “The Trojan Women”
Athenian army in Sicily destroyed, Aristophanes writes “The Birds”
Nicias the Athenian statesman and general dies, Athenian general Nicias
executed
Diogenes born, coup in Athens and power transferred to people, Alcibiates
returns to Athens
Athenians capture Byzantium
Erechtheum completed on Acropolis at Athens, Rhodes (the town) built,
Euripides writes “Iphigenia in Aulis”, Plato becomes pupil of Socrates
Death of Greek dramatists Sophocles and Euripides, Athens reject Spartan
peace offer
405 BC
404 BC
403 BC
400 BC
399 BC
396 BC
395 BC
394 BC
390 BC
387 BC
384 BC
380 BC
379 BC
377 BC
373 BC
371 BC
366 BC
365 BC
362 BC
360 BC
359 BC
356 BC
354 BC
352 BC
351 BC
350 BC
Darius II of Persia dies, Spartan navy under Lysander destroys Athenian
navy – end of Peloponnesian war, Artaxerxes II reigns in Persia,
Aristophanes writes “The Frogs”
End of Great Peloponnesian War, Alcibiades murdered in exile by orders
of Sparta
Athenian democracy restored and Thrasybulus expels 30 tyrants
Copper smeltering begins in Mauritania in W Sahara, farmers occupy
Tiahuanaco near Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, Eruption of Popocatepetl volcano
in Lake Texcoco MEX, Yellow River flood, Indus valley flood, retreat of
Ten Thousand under Xenophon and Greek army withdrawn, Carthaginians
occupy Malta, Etruscan bronze sculpture of Mars created
Death of Socrates
Etruscan city of Veii captured by Romans, Carthaginians destroy Messina,
Plato writes “Apologia” in defense of Socrates
Coalition of Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos, Thucydides the Greek
historian dies, Marcus Furius Camillus the Roman general and dictator
dies
Spartan general Agesilaus defeats allied troops at Coronea
Brennus, Gaulish chief from N Italy, sacks Rome, death of Chinese
philosopher Meh Tih
Aristophanes dies, Plato writes “Symposium”, Rome rebuilt after Gallic
invasion
M. Manlius Capitolinus thrown from the Tarpeian rock, Aristotle born
Start Egypt’s 30th Dynasty (last native house)
Massacre of Spartan tyrants at Thebes by Pelopidas and Epaminondas
Hippocrates the Greek Physician dies, city walls around Rome built
Greek earthquake
End of Peace of Nicias between Athens and Sparta, Xenophon writes
“Anabasis” Thebans defeat Sparta at Battle of Leucrea
Temple of Concordia built in Rome, first plebian elected to office of
consul in Rome
Etruscan actors stage first theatrical performances in Rome,
Epaminondas the Theban general killed in Battle of Mantinea
Cappadocia becomes kingdom under Ariarathes I, death of Democritus of
Abdera the “laughing philosopher”
Accession of Artaxerxes III in Persia
Herostratus sets fire to Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, Alexander the
Great begins to conquer the known world, start construction of Great Wall
of China against the Huns
Xenophon the Greek historian dies
Philip II rules Macedon
Tomb of Mausolus completed as the first mausoleum, Demosthenes
delivers his first Philippic against Philip II of Macedon
Phoenician cities Sidon, Tyre, Aradus and Byblus secede from Persia,
Gauls leave S France and settle in N Italy, Etruscan power on the decline,
revolt of Jews against Artaxerxes III in Persia, Indian epic poem
348 BC
347 BC
343 BC
341 BC
340 BC
339 BC
338 BC
336 BC
335 BC
333 BC
332 BC
331 BC
330 BC
328 BC
327 BC
326 BC
325 BC
323 BC
322 BC
321 BC
320 BC
Mahabharata written, Heraclides – disciple of Plato – teaches heliocentric
model, Shuang-tse founds Chinese monist religious philosophy, Greek
painter Pamphilus teaches unity of art and mathematics, Greek theater of
Epidaurus built, Corinthian columns first appear in Greek architechture
Trade agreement between Rome and Carthage, Philip of Macedon takes
Olynthus, Aristotle travels to Assos, Lesbos and Pelia
Death of Plato
End of 30th House in Egypt – native rulers overthrown, first Samnite war
begins, Persians reconquer Egypt, Ch’u Yuan the Chinese poet born,
Aristotle becomes teacher of Alexander the Great
End of first Samnite war
Epicurus born, Scopas the Greek sculptor dies, Aristotle lays foundations
of musical theory, difference between arteries and veins discovered by
Praxagoras of Cos
Plato’s nephew Speusippus commits suicide and Xenocrates becomes
head of Athens Academy
Philip defeats Greeks, Isocrates the Athenian orator dies, first Roman
coins, Corinth becomes trading center
Assassination of Philip II of Macedon, Alexander the Great begins
conquests, Assassination of Arses of Persia 0 Darius III Codomannus
reigns, Zeno of Citium the Greek stoic is born
Alexander destroys Thebes, Aristotle returns to Athens, Choragic
monument of Lysicrates of Athens built
Alexander conquers Darius III and conquers Persia
Alexander the Great Conquers Egypt, Tyre and Jerusalem, Alexander
founds Port of Alexandria
Alexander re-defeats Darius III at Gaugamela
Praxiteles the Greek sculptor dies, Alexander occupies Babylon, Susa and
Persepolis, Darius III of Persia murdered, Spartans under Agis defeated by
Antipater of Macedon, Greek artists employed at court of Alexander,
death of Praxiteles the Greek sculptor, Greek Pytheas of Massila
(Marseilles) reaches Britain
Alexander marries Bactrian princess Roxana
Alexander invades India, Renewal of war between Rome and Samnites
Alexander extends boundaries to Indus River, but Generals turn back
End of La Venta center of Olmec culture, earliest Greek papyrus written in
Greek that still exists, Alexander orders Admiral Nearchus to explore
Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf
Alexander the Great dies in Babylon, End of conquests of Alexander the
Great, Ptolmey Soter starts new rule in Egypt, Euclid publishes
“Elements” on Geometry
Chandragupta founds Mauryan empire in India, death of Aristotle,
Demosthenes commits suicide
War among Alexander’s Successors
Ptolmey Soter of Egypt invades Syria, Aristoxenus defines rhythym
speech, melody and movement in music
319 BC
316 BC
314 BC
312 BC
311 BC
307 BC
305 BC
304 BC
301 BC
300 BC
298 BC
295 BC
293 BC
290 BC
289 BC
287 BC
285 BC
283 BC
282 BC
280 BC
279 BC
277 BC
275 BC
Polysperchon – Antipater’s successor – restores liberty to Greece,
Chandragupta Maurya reconquers northern India from Macedonians and
founds Mauryan dynasty
Olympias – mother of Alexander the Great put to death by Cassander, son
of Antipater, Cassander founds Salonika and rebuilds Thebes
Seleucids of Syria rule Palestine
Roman Censor Appius Claudius Caecus completes construction of Appian
aqueduct and begins Appian way, Judea ruled by Antigonus I
End of Greek civil wars – Macedonia goes to Cassander Thrace to
Lysimachus, Egypt to Ptolemy SOter and Asia to Antigonus
Museum and library started at Alexandria under Ptolmey Soter, Demetrius
Poliorcetes king of Macedon takes Athens from Cassander, Carthaginians
defeat Agathocles and besiege Syracuse
Ptolemy dynasties founded in Egypt, library at Alexandria, Egypt founded
End of second war between Rome and Samnites
Antigonus I killed at Battle of Kings at Ipsus – Palestine under Egyptian
rule
Kushite kingdom expands, trades with Sudan, Yayoi civilization develops
in Japan, Beginning of later Hopewell culture in N America, end of
Chavin culture in Peru, beginning of Moche civilization in Peru, city of
Tiotihuacan begins in Mexico, Rinthon of Tarentum founds Roman
comedy, Roman plebeians admitted to priesthood, Aristoxenus the Greek
philosopher and musician dies, Mexican temple Atetello at Teotihuacan
built
Thirs Samnite War bagins
Etruscans subject to Rome, Siege of Athens by Demetrius I, Euclid
publishes “Optica”
Romans defeat Samnites, Diocles of Carustus the Greek physician dies
Meander the Greek comedian dies, End of third Samnite war, Death of
Menander – master of Greek comedy
Romans defeated by Senones a Gaulish tribe at Arretium
Full equality between patricians and plebians in Rome, Demetrius of
Macedon deposed
Ptolmey II rules jointly with his father as father abdicates
Corsica captured by Romans
War between Tarentum and Rome
Pyrrhus king of Epirus lands in Italy to aid Tarentum – defeats Romans at
Heraclea
Pyrrhus defeats Romans again
Ch’u Yuan the Chinese poet dies
Romans defeat Pyrrhus at Beneventum in Italy, Antiochus I defeats Gauls,
End of history of Babylon – Babylonians reestablished in Seleucia,
Manetho high priest of Egypt writes history of Egypt in Greek,
Completion of Colossus of Rhodes, completion of lighthouse at Pharos
Alexandria
272 BC
271 BC
268 BC
266 BC
265 BC
264 BC
263 BC
256 BC
255 BC
250 BC
247 BC
246 BC
241 BC
240 BC
239 BC
238 BC
236 BC
233 BC
230 BC
228 BC
225 BC
224 BC
222 BC
221 BC
220 BC
218 BC
End of 10 years of war between Rome and Tarentum – Rome reconquers
most of Italy, Romans continue the Appian Way
Epicurus dies
Athens taken by Antigonus II Gonatas, first appearance of Roman coin denarius
Calabria conquered by Romans
Mauryan ruler Ashoka conquers Kalinga, Rome in contact with Greek
medicine through prisoners of war
First Punic War begins between Rome and Carthage, first appearance of
Roman gladiators in public combat
Death of Philemon the Greek comedian
Roman fleet defeats Carthaginians
Kingdom of Parthia founded by Arsaces, Antigonus II Gonatus liberates
Athens, Septuagint written
Siberian Traps eruption, Arsaces I founds Parthian kingdom on edge of
Perisa, Theocritus the Greek bucolic poet dies, unsuccessful siege by
Romans, Invasion of Britain by La Tene, Roman comedian Platus born,
Arcesilaus founds Second Academy of Athens, Asoka the Indian emperor
erects 40 foot column inscribed with laws, parchment produced at
Pergamum, first Roman prison – the Tullianum
Death of Ptolmey II Philadelphus, Ptolmey III rules Egypt
Birth of Hannibal, Antiochus II Theos killed by wife and succeeded by
son Seleucus II Callinicus
End of First Punic War where Rome defeats Carthage and takes Sicily,
Agis IV of Sparta put to death for reforms
Comedies of Livius Andronicus first performed in Rome
Leap year introduced into Egyptian calendar
Sardinia and Corsica become subject to the Roman Empire, Carthage
begins conquest of Spain, Sardinia becomes part of Roman republic
War between Sparta and Achaean League
Death of Sun-tsi marks end of Chinese classical philosophy
Egyptian temple of sun god Horus at Edfu, oil lamps introduced to Greece
Carthago Nova (Cartagena) founded by Hasdrubal, First Roman
ambassadors in Athens and Corinth
Romans defeat Gauls at battle of Telamon, Quintus Gabius Pictor
becomes first Roman historian, Gauls defeated near Telamon in Eturia
Earthquake at Rhodes, Greece destroys Colossus
Rome conquers n. Italy including Mediolanum (Milan), Antigonus III
Doson of Macedonia takes possession of Sparta
Zheng, king of Qin adopts title of Qin Shi Huangdi, first emperor of China,
death of Ptolmey III of Egypt, unification of Chinese measures and weights,
start of Ch’in dynasty in China, Cleomentes the king of Sparta flees to
Egypt
Creation of Flaminian Way between Rome and Rimini
Second Punic War begins between Rome and Carthage, avalanches in
Italian Alps, Hannibal crosses Alps and takes Turin
217 BC
216 BC
215 BC
212 BC
211 BC
209 BC
207 BC
206 BC
205 BC
202 BC
201 BC
200 BC
198 BC
197 BC
195 BC
194 BC
192 BC
191 BC
189 BC
185 BC
184 BC
183 BC
182 BC
179 BC
172 BC
171 BC
Earthquake in Egypt, Hannibal defeats Romans, Rome appoints Quintus
Fabius Maximus as dictator
Roman army annihilated by Hannibal at battle of Cannae, Romans
defeated with 50,000 killed, Philip V of Macedon makes pact with
Hannibal
Death of Greek poet Apollonius of Rhodes, Great Wall of China built to
keep out invaders, Roman armies enter Spain
Romans besiege and take Syracuse in Sicily, mathematician Archimedes
killed in siege, Archimedes the Greek mathematician dies, Romans sack
Syracuse – Archimedes killed
Roman armies in Spain defeated, Hannibal attack Rome
Antiochus III of Persia at peak of power, Chinese emperor Shi Huang-ti
dies and Liu Pang becomes emperor
Battle of Metaurus where Romans defeat relief army coming to aid
Hannibal, Hanibal retires after defeat of brother Hasdrubal
End of Ch’in dynasty in China
Plautus presents “Miles gloriosus” comedy
Hannibal defeated at Zama - end of Second Punic War, Tunisia by
Romans, Beginning of W Han dynasty in China
Second Punic War between Rome and Carthage ends, Gnaeus Naevius the
Roman author dies
Eruption and mudflow at Ranier WA, Beginning of early classic Mayan
period, beginning of Nazca culture in Peru, Second Macedonian War
begins – Attica ravaged, gears first used in water wheel for irrigation, Cato
the Elder publishes “De agricultura”
Antiochus III takes Palestine from Egypt
Battle of Cynoscephalae in N Greece where Romans defeat Philip V of
Macedon and end of Second Macedonian War, Eumenes II becomes king
of Pergamos
Hannibal flees to Antiochus III of Syria, Cato the Elder becomes consul of
Rome
Erastothenes the Greek scientist dies
Antiochus II and Hannibal land in Greece, War begins between Sparta and
Rome
Antiochus III defeated by Romans at Thermopylae, Platus presents Latin
comedy “Pseudolus”
Hannibal defeated by Rhodian fleet, insurrections in upper Egypt due to
high taxes, Armenia independent from Seleucid rule
Scipio Africanus the Elder goes into voluntary exile
Death of Plautus the Latin comedian
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus of Rome dies, Pisa and Parma in N
Italy become Roman colonies
Death of Hannibal by suicide
First stone bridge in Rome – Pons Aemilius
War between Rome and Macedon with Rome defeated by Perseus
Mithradates I becomes Parthian king
170 BC
168 BC
167 BC
160 BC
159 BC
149 BC
147 BC
146 BC
144 BC
140 BC
135 BC
133 BC
129 BC
123 BC
121 BC
115 BC
113 BC
112 BC
105 BC
103 BC
102 BC
101 BC
100 BC
Death of Rome’s Ennius “Father of Latin Literature”, Apollonius of Perga,
Greek mathematician dies, earliest known paved streets in Rome
End of war between Rome and Macedon – Perseus defeated by Romans –
beginning of Roman world dominion, Battle of Pydna results in
Macedonians sold as slaves in Rome
Terence presents performance of “Andria”
Hipparchus of Nicaea invents Trigonometry
End of reign of Eumenes II as king of Pergamum, Roman dramatist
Terence dies, first water clock created in Rome
Death of Marcus Portius Cato the Elder – Roman politician, start of third
Punic War, Hu Shin publishes Chinese dictionary
Rome takes over Macedon and brings Greece under Roman law, Roman
forces destroy Carthage, War between Sparta and Achaea, Greece comes
under Roman rule
Carthage destroyed, End of third Punic War, Roman empire has seven
provinces – Sicily, Sardinia + Corsica, the two Spains, Gallia, Transalpina,
Africa and Macedonia
Judas successor Jonathan Maccabee assassinated and Simon Macabaeus
takes charge
Venus de Milo sculpted, Crates of Mallus forms great globe of the world
End of reign of Simon Maccabee in Judah
Asia Minor becomes eighth Roman province, Roman reformer Tiberius
Gracchus murdered by order of Senate
Death of Scipio the Younger, destroyer of Carthage
Gaius Gracchus elected tribune and instigated wide reforms, Carthage
rebuilt
Southern Gaul conquered and becomes province of Narbonensis (SE
France), Gaius Gracchus killed in riot and his senate reforms die
Chinese army crosses Lop Nor desert and occupies Tarim basin – imposes
policies
Ancient German tribe – the Cimbri – leave Jutland to reach Roman
province of Noricum (Carinthia)
War in Africa between Rome and Jugurtha king of Numidia, Rise of
Pharisees and Sadducees in Palestine
German people (the Cimbri) defeats Roman army under Quintus Caepio at
Arausio, end of war between Rome and Numidia in Africa – defeated by
Marius and Sulla, mathematician Heron founds first college of technology
at Alexandria
Cimbri and Teutones become allies and decide to invade Italy
Gaius Marius defeats Teutones people at Aquae Sextiae
Gaius Marius defeats Cimbri (German) and Teutones peoples,
Tiotihuacan city dominates Mexico, Goods carried between China and
Europe via silk road, Beginning of pioneer period of Hohokam culture in
Arizona, emergence of Anasazi culture in SW US, Marius becomes
Roman consul for 6th time, Great Stupa erected in Sanchi India, first
Chinese ships reach coast of India
90 BC
89 BC
88 BC
86 BC
82 BC
79 BC
78 BC
73 BC
72 BC
71 BC
69 BC
68 BC
63 BC
62 BC
61 BC
60 BC
59 BC
58 BC
55 BC
54 BC
53 BC
52 BC
51 BC
50 BC
49 BC
48 BC
Civil war in Rome – Sulla drives out Marius, Vitrucius publishes “De
architectura”, Asclepiades the Greek physician practices nature healing in
Rome
Roman army led by Sulla gains control of Italy
Uprisings against Roman rule in Athens
Death of Marius of Rome
Sulla defeats younger Marius and is declared dictator for life, Oldest
existant theater erected in Pompeii, Alexander Poluhistor of Miletus writes
a history of the Jews
Sulla of Rome resigns dictatorship voluntarily, Lucullus imports cherry
trees from Asia Minor to Rome
Death of Sulla of Rome
Massive slave revolt in Italy led by Spartacus lasts for two years,
Mithridates VI of Pontus renews war against Rome and is defeated by
Lucullus
The Suevi – German tribe – cross upper Whine and under King Ariocistus
invade Gaul
End of Spartacus slave revolt in Italy – slaves defeated by Pompey and
Crassus
Dynastic war in Palestine Hyrcanus II deposed and house of Antipater
rules
Crete captured by Romans
Romans conquer Judah, capture Jerusalem , Defeated by Romans
Mithridates VI commits suicide, Pompey enters Syria and finishes taking
Palestine – becomes province of Syria, Roman shorthand invented by
Marcus Tullius Tiro – former slave of Cicero
Death of Roman politician Lucius Sergius Catilina, Florence founded
Gaius Julius Caesar – nephew of Marius – wins first victories in Spain
First triumvirate of Cassius, Pompeii and Caesar formed, Lucretius
publishes the Epicurean doctrine of the universe in poetic form, Roman
colonies in Switzerland
Julius Caesar becomes sole consul of Rome
Julius Caesar begins conquest of Gaul until 50 BC
Julius Caesar first invades Britain, death of Roman poet Titus Lucretius
Carus, Cicero publishes “De oratore”, northern Gaul conquered
Catullus the Roman poet dies, Cicero publishes “De republica”, new
Julian forum erected in Rome, Belgic tribal leader begins payments to
Rome
Death of Roman politician Marcus Licinus Crassus (Triumvirate)
Pompey becomes consul in Rome
Caesar (or Cicero) publishes “De bello Gallico” regarding the Gallic War
Julius Caesar finishes conquest of Gaul, returns to Rome as rival of
Pompey, Oboe created in Rome
Roman civil war ensues as Caesar crosses Rubicon to retake from Pompey
Pompey defeated by Caesar
47 BC
46 BC
45 BC
44 BC
43 BC
42 BC
40 BC
38 BC
35 BC
34 BC
31 BC
30 BC
27 BC
25 BC
23 BC
19 BC
9 BC
8 BC
6 BC
4 BC
2 BC
Herod becomes governor of Galilee, Pompey murdered in Egypt by order
of Cleopatra, Library of Ptolemy I of Alexandra destroyed by fire, Caesar
(or Cicero?) presents “De bello civili”
Death of Cato the Younger, Africa becomes Roman province and Caesar
returns to Rome, adoption of Julian calendar with leap year
End of Roman civil war, Julius Caesar emerges as emperor, adopts
nephew Gaius Octavius as heir
Gaius Julius Caesar assassinated by Brutus and Cassius Longinus, Marc
Antony forms triumvirate with Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Gaius
Octavius, Roman civil war follows
Roman army invades Britain and rules until 410, Roman politician and
orator Cicero dies
Marcus Junius Brutus – Cato’s Nephew and son-in-law dies – Brutus and
Cassius commit suicide after capture by triumvirate
Herod declared king of Judaea
Marc Antony returns to Egypt, Laocoon marble sculpture created, Chinese
octave subdivided into 60 notes
Death of Roman historian and author Sallust
Dalmatia becomes Roman province
Octavius, Julius’ nephew, ends civil wars at Battle of Actium – Antony
and Cleopatra commit suicide – Egypt becomes Roman province
Death of Cleopatra, Egypt becomes Roman, Octavius renamed Augustus
and becomes first emperor, Pantheon at Rome started
Octavius becomes first (official) emperor of Rome and renames self
Caesar Augustus
Roman author Cornelius Nepos dies
First recorded wrestling match in Japan
Death of Virgil the Roman poet
Roman army under Drusus and Tiberius penetrates Germania as far as the
Elbe
Death of Gaius Maecenas the Roman statesman, Death of Roman poet
Horace
Judaea annexed by Rome
Death of Herod – control divided among sons, possible birth of Jesus after
calendar adjustment
Ovid presents “Ars Amatoria”
1 AD El Mirador city in Guatamala reaches height, Teotihuacan in Mexico reaches
population of 40,000
5 AD Cymbeline king of the Catuvellauni recognized by Rome as Rex Brittonum, Ovid
presents “Metamorphoses”
6 AD Judaea a Roman province
9 AD Wang Man rules China, Roman army conquers in Teutoburg Forest, Ovid
banished
14 AD Death of Emperor Augustus, Tiberius becomes emperor
16 AD Ovid’s “Epistulae ex Ponto”, first definite reference to diamonds
17 AD Revolt of Tacfarinas, the Numidian leader against Rome in N Africa, death of
Roman historian Livy (Titus Livius)
18 AD Roman poet Ovid dies
25 AD Eastern Han dynasty begins rule in China (or 22)
26 AD Tiberius retires to Capri leaving Rome in charge of Sejanus
27 AD Possible baptism of Jesus
30 AD Possible death and resurrection of Jesus the Christ
37 AD Tiberius – emperor – dies, Caligula new emperor
40 AD Mauretania (Northern Morocco and Algeria) annexed by Rome, early Christian
church created at Corinth
42 AD Caligula assassinated by Praetorian guard – Claudius new emperor
43 AD Roman emperor Claudius reaches Britain, British under Caractacus defeated at
Medway, London founded
45 AD Paul sets out on missionary journies
50 AD Buddhism reaches China, Nazca culture flourishes in Peru, Gothic kingdom set up
on Lower Vistula, Romans learn to use soap from the Gauls
54 AD Death of Claudius of Rome by poisoning by wife Agrippina, her son Nero
becomes emperor
58 AD Ming-Ti the new Chinese emperor introduces Buddhism into China, Paul writes
1st and 2nd Corinthians
59 AD Nero has mother Agrippina killed
60 AD Rebellion of Boudicca the queen of Iceni in Britain
61 AD Roman force explores Nile valley, end of rebellion of Boudicca in Britain
62 AD Nero has wife Octavia killed and marries Poppaea Sabina, Seneca resigns position
in Nero’s court
63 AD Roman exploration reaches Sudan
64 AD Great fire of Rome, persecution of Christians begins
65 AD Death of Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Roman philosopher and dramatist by suicide
on Nero’s orders, Gospel of St. Mark written
67 AD St. Peter executed, supposedly Bishop Linus becomes supposed second pope
68 AD Civil war in Rome follows the suicide of Nero, Galba becomes emperor, Flavius
Josephus writes “History of the Jewish War”
69 AD Civil war in Rome, death of Galba in Rome and Vitellius becomes emperor
70 AD Revolt of Jews in Palestine – Jerusalem captured and destroyed
79 AD Eruption of Vesuvius, Malaria outbreak in Rome, Death of Vitellius of Rome –
Titus becomes emperor
80 AD Completion of Colosseum and amphitheater in Rome
81 AD Death of Titus of Rome, Domitian emperor, Arch of Titus erected in Rome
85 AD Gospels of John and Matthew written
88 AD End of Bishop (Pope) Linus, Bishop (Pope) Clement
96 AD End of reign of Domitian as emperor, Nerva emperor
97 AD End of Bishop (Pope) Clement
98 AD Death of Nerva as emperor, Trajan begins to rule Rome, Colonia Nervia
Glevensis (Gloucester) founded
100 Aksum becomes capital of Eritrea, northern Ethiopia, Moche civilization of
Peruvian coast begins and flourishes at Sipan, Hopewell cultures flourishes in
105
114
115
116
117
120
122
124
127
130
135
138
140
150
161
162
163
164
166
167
170
175
180
184
189
190
191
192
193
197
200
Mississippi valley, Mogollon culture develops in SW US, Monte Alban in Oaxaca
MEX hits maximum power
Paper invented in China, perhaps by Cai Lun
Apuleius the Roman Satirist born
Revolt of Jewish community in Cyrenaica (N Libya) against Romans, Earthquake
in Antioch (Turkey)
Roman empire reaches greatest extent, possible death of Emperor Trajan of Rome,
empire at greatest extent
Death of Emperor Trajan, Hadrian begins to rule, Tacitus writes “Historiae”
Chinese Zhang Heng introduces seismograph, Kushan King Kanishka rules N
India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and central Asia, death of Martial the Roman poet,
Death of Plutarch the Greek historian
Hadrian’s Wall started in Britain, Jewish uprising under Bar Kokhba
Pantheon finished in Rome
Hadrian’s Wall completed
Taupo, New Zealand volcano erupts
End of Jewish uprising under Bar Kokhba
Hadrian’s Wall in Britain finished, Antonius Pius becomes emperor, Death of
Juvelan – Roman poet
Roman theater built at Verulamium (St. Albans) in England
Eruption in New Zealand, earliest known Sanskrit writings in INdia
End of reign of Antonius Pius, Marcus Aurelius becomes emperor
Death of Kushan King Kanishka of India
Plague of Galen in Syria until 180
Oldest Mayan monuments, Start of great plague of Roman empire
Roman empire devastated by plague
Plague continues in Rome, wars of Marcomanni and Quadi 8 years
Pausanias of Magnesia writes “Perigesis” as a guide to Greek art and history,
Ptolemy draws 26 maps of various countries
End of wars of Marcomanni and Quadi
Death of emperor Marcus Aurelius of Rome and Pax Romana, end of Plague of
Galen in Syria, Commodus becomes emperor, Romans defeated in Scotland –
return to Hadrian’s wall
Rebellion of Yellow Turban sect against Han dynasty in China
Roman bishop now Victor I
Rise of Hindu Chola kingdom in S India, Column of Marcus Aurelius Rome
erected. Galen extracts plant juices for medical purposes
Death of Bishop Victor I of Rome
Murder of Commodius of Rome
Libyan Septimus Severus becomes emperor of Rome
Albinus proclaims self emperor of Britain but is killed in Battle of Lyons
Beginning of the decline of Monte Alban at Oaxaca MEX, Roman emperor
Septimus Severus builds defensive line in Africa, first period of major
construction at Tiahuanaco near Lake Titicaca in Bolivia, Afghanistan invaded by
Huns 340 years, start of fourth period of Chinese literature, period of NeoPlatonism – last of the Greek philosophies, formation of neo-Hebrew language,
205
211
212
217
220
222
224
225
226
230
235
238
244
248
249
250
251
253
254
257
258
260
264
268
270
271
Bishop of Rome gains his predominant position of pope, Period of carvings on
Amaravati stupa in Madras, Carthage becomes world metropolis again under
Roman rule, Silkworms arrive in China from Korea – subsequently in Japan
End of Yellow Turban rebellion in China
End of reign of Septimus Severus of Rome with his death in York Britain, son
Caracalla rules
Roman citizenship formally extended to all freeborn people in empire, The baths
of Caracalla in Rome started
Assassination of Caracalla of Rome, Heliogabalus becomes emperor, end of
building of Caracalla baths
End of Han dynasty in China, followed by Jin dynasty and Three Kingdoms
(division of four), Goths invade Asia Minor and Balkan peninsula, Kalidasa
writes the Sanskrit drama “Sakuntala”
End of reign of Heliogabalus of Rome, start reign of Alexander Severus, Pope
Urban I
End of Parthian power in Persian empire and beginning of Sassanid dynasty under
Ardashir
End of the Andgra dynasty in Deccan region – south India breaks up into regions
Sassanids in Persia (Ctesiphon)
Death of Pope Urban I
Civil war and chaos period in Roman empire with death of Emperor Alexander
Severus – murdered in army meeting, Maximus becomes emperor
Revolt against Rome in Africa, End of reign of Maximus of Rome as he is
assassinated by his troops – Troops Gordian I and II, Balbinus, Pupienus and
Gordian III rule
Five emperors end rule, reign of Philip the Arabian in Rome
Rome celebrates 1,000th anniversary
End of reign of Philip the Arabian in Rome, start Emperor Decius
Classic Mayan period begins in Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico, Christian
persecution increases – Martyrs being revered as saints, Diophantus of Alexandria
produces first book on Algebra
End of Emperor Decius, Emperor Gallus rules
Death of Emperor Gallus, Emperor Valerian rules
Origen dies – author of “Hexapla” the Greek Old Testament
Goths, divided from Visigoths and Ostrogoths, invade Black Sea area, Franks
invade Spain
Alemanni and Suevi conquer Upper Italy but are defeated at Milan
Shapur I of Persia defeats Roman emperor Valerian in battle – Valerian captured
– end of Valerian as son Gallienus rules
Constantine forbids public gladiatorial combats
End of emperor Gallienus, Emperor Claudius II
Emperor Claudius II dies, Goths sack Athens, Sparta and Corinth, Emperor
Aurelian “restitutor orbis” rules, Marcomanni advance from Bohemia across the
Danube
Building of the Aurelian walls around Rome begins, Aurelian defeats
Marcomanni and Alemanni
273
275
276
282
283
284
285
290
295
297
300
303
304
305
306
308
311
312
313
320
324
325
330
331
337
338
340
Emperor Aurelian overthrows kingdom of Palmyra
End of Emperor Aurelian
Walls around Rome built, Emperor Marcus Aurelius Probus reigns, Crusifiction
of Mani the founder of the Manichaean sect in Persia
End of Emperor Marcus Aurelius Probus, start Emperor Marcus Aurelius Carus
End of Emperor Marcus Aurelius Carus
End of long period of chaos in Roman empire as Diocletian named emperor of
Rome, tetrarchy of four emperors begin
Partition of Roman empire into E and W, Carausius – Roman commander of
British fleet proclaims himself independent Emperor of Britain
Construction of the ampitheater of Verona begins
Emperor Diocletian begins to organize local government in N Africa
Romans take Armenia from Persians
Diocletian organizes local government in N Africa, Bantu cereal cultivators begin
cattle herding in SE Africa, beginning of early eastern Polynesian culture,
Separate developments of five Germanic dukedoms: Saxons, Franks, Alemanni,
Thuringians and Goths, Lombards begin move from Lower Elbe southward (to
568), earliest religious plays created, Christianity introduced in Armenia,
Growing Buddhist influence in China, Bowling becomes part of religious ritual in
German monasteries, palace of Diocletian in Ragusa (Dubrovnik) begun
Beginning of last persecution of Christians in Rome
Actor Genesius dies a martyr’s death during performance in Rome
Diocletian abdicates E Roman empire amd Maximian in the W – E goes to
Constantius Chlorus and W to Galerius
End of E Roman Constantius Chlorus – dies at York – son Constantine becomes
emperor
End of W Roman Galerius
End of last persecution of Christians in Rome
Constantine becomes western emperor
Christianity tolerated throughout Roman empire by edict of Milan, oldest bridge
over Rhine near Cologne
Rise of Gupta empire in Ganges Valley, India when Chandragupta crowned
Constantine becomes sole emperor
Council of Nicaea decides against Arians in favor of Athanasius, erection of first
Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem (dest. In 529), Teotihuacan first mentioned
in ancient writings
Beginning of conversion of kingdom of Aksum in Ethiopia-Eritrea to Christianity
by Bishop Frumentius, new city of Constantinople inaugurated on site of ancient
Greek Byzantium, Basilican Church of St. Peter’s erected (dest. 1506)
Seat of Roman Empire moved from Rome to Constantinople
Baptism and death of Constantine the Great – succeeded by sons Constantine II
Constantius II and Constans
Jewish calendar revised by introducing different lengths of years
Constantine II killed in Battle of Aquileia fighting brother Constans, Rome splits
with Constans as W emperor and Constantius II as E Emperor
350
360
361
364
365
370
375
376
378
379
382
383
386
390
392
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
403
406
End of Kushite civilization at Meroe – possibly brought down by Aksum,
Persians regain Armenia from Rome, Christianity in Abyssinia, Foundation of
Schola Cantorum for church song in Rome, Fortifications built in London
Embassy from King Meghavarna of Sri Lanka reaches Gupta court – religious
monument for Sri Lankan visitors is built, First invasions of Europe by Huns from
central Asia, Picts and Scots cross Hardians Wall to attack Britain, Huns invade
Europe, scrolls begin to be replaced by books, Lo-tsun Chinese monk founds
Cave of the Thousand Buddhas in Kansu
Death of Emperor Julian the Apostate who attempted to revive paganism in the
Empire
Roman empire formally divided – E from lower Danube to Persian border under
Valens – W from Caledonia to NW Africa under Valentinian I
Earthquake at Knossos Crete kills 50,000, Egypt and Alexandria hit with this
quake, Cyprus earthquake
Picts and Scots driven out from Britain by Theodosius
End of Bolivian construction near Tiahuanaco – it continues to develop
Beginning of the reigh of Changragupta II – golden Gupta age, Huns invade
Russia
Romans defeated at Adrianople by Visigoths – Emperor Valens killed, rivalry
between leading Maya cities Tikal and Uaxactun iends in victory of Tikal,
Emperor Valens defeated and killed by Visigoths at Adrianople in Thrace, St.
Ursus builds Tavenna Cathedral
Emperor Theodosius I begins to reign
Emperor Theodosius resettles Visigoths in empire
Romans begin to evacuate Britain, Emperor Magnus Maximus crosses Channel
and conquers Gaul and Spain
Beginning of the era of north-south division in China to 589, Hymn singing
introduced by Ambrose Bishop of Milan
First hallelujah hymns in Christian Churches
Accession of Theodosius the Great as Emperor of E and W (last)
Death of Theodosius Roman emperor, Honorius and Arcadius re-divide empire
Alaric king of Visigoths invades Greece
Berber prince Gildo begins major rebellion against Roman emperor Honorious,
death of Bishop Ambrose of Milan
Alaric of the Visigoths sacks Athens and plunders the Balkans
Chinese Buddhist historian Fa-hien begins his journey through India
Bantu herders cultivating cattle in SE Africa, use of iron spreads through eastern
Africa, Christianity in Aksum empire in NE Africa spreads, Gupta empire spans
all India, Zapotec state with capital at Monte Alban flourishes in S Mexico, St.
Ninian brings Christianity to Scotland, first definite recorded Japanese history
Visigoths invade Italy to 403, Pope Innocent I
End of Visigoth invasion in Italy
Gunderic becomes king of Vandals, foundation of Burgundian kingdom of
Worms, Stilicho stops Visigoth invasion at Fiesole
410
411
416
417
418
420
425
428
429
432
433
436
439
440
443
445
446
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
457
460
461
465
466
467
470
471
Alaric the Goth, king of Germanic Visigoths sacks Rome, end of Roman rule in
Britain as Rome withdraws to protect Italy, death of Alaric, Beginnings of
alchemy with search for Philosopher’s Stone and Elixir of Life
St. Augustine writes “The City of God”
Visigoths conquer Vandals in Spain
Pope Innocent I dies
Franks settle in parts of Gaul, Theodoric I is king of Visigoths
Nanking becomes capital of Northern China
Barbarians settle Roman provinces, Valentinian III western Roman emperor under
mother Galla Placida, founding of Constantinople University
End of Gunderic king of Vandals, start Gaiseric of Vandals
Picts and Scots expelled from S England by Saxons, Jutes and Angles, Aetius
chief minister of Valentinian III rules Western empire, Gaiseric founds Vandal
kingdom in N Africa
St. Patrick introduces Christianity to Ireland, Building begins on Badilica of S.
Maria Maggiore in Rome
Attila becomes chief of Huns, German king Odoacer tules
Last of Roman troops leave Britain, Huns destroy Burgundian kingdom of Worms
Codex Theodosianus writes summary of Toman law
Pope Leo I, Great flood in Brittany submerges town of Ys
Alemanni settle in Alsace, Gaiseric takes last Roman possessions in northern
Africa and establishes absolute monarchy
Attila the Hun sacks W Europe
Galla Placidia erects her famous Mausoleum at Ravenna
Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britain from Jutes
Saxons from Germany begin to invade Britain, Theodosius II the Eastern Roman
emperor dies, Marcian new Eastern emperor, services in Roman church begin to
follow Jewish tradition of alternation of singing between precentor and
community
Attila defeated at Chalons, death of Theodoric I king of Visigoths
Venice founded by refugees from Attila’s Huns
Death of Attila the Hun, Theodoric II becomes king of VIsigoths
End of rule of minister Aetius over W Roman empire
Vandals sack Rome, Skandagupta becomes emperor of India
Death of Emperor Marcian of the Eastern Roman Empire, Battle of Crayford –
Britons defeated by Hengest and abandon Kent to Jutes, Childeric I king of Salian
Franks
Cologne captured by Franks, Vandals defeat Roman fleet off Cartegenia
End of St. Patrick’s mission to Ireland, Leo I becomes Eastern Roman Emperor,
Severus becomes last of the W Roman emperor, Pope Leo I dies, Lyons becomes
capital of Burgundy
W Roman emperor Severus dies, Athemius rules
Death of Theodoric II king of Visigoths at hand of his brother Euric – Euric rules
Death of Athemius WestRE, Alybrius rules
Huns withdraw from Europe, Mayan civilization boom in Mexico
Theodoric the Great king of Ostrogoths
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
483
484
485
487
489
490
491
492
493
496
498
500
End of Alybrius WestRE, Glycerius rules
Death of Leo I Eastern Roman Emperor, Death of Glycerius WestRE, Julius
Nepos rules, Zeno becomes Eastern Roman Emperor
Removal of Julius Nepos WestRE, Romulus Augustulus rules
Germanic invader Odoacer expels Romulus Augustus, last Western emperor of
Rome, and takes control of the city, German king Odoacer executes Orestes,
Platonic Academy of Athens founded by Proclus, Cave temples at Yun-Kang in N
China with figures of Buddha, Aryabhata the Hindu astronomer and
mathematician born, Gaiseric King of Vandals sells Sicily to Theodoric king of
Visigoths
End of Gaiseric king of Vandals, Kasyapa, the Parricide, builds his palace at
Sigiriya, the Lion Rock, Ceylon (famous “cloud maidens” cave paintings),
Founding of the kingdom of Sussex, Hunneric king of Vandals named after father
dies becomes fierce persecutor of Catholics, Basilicus EastRE deposes Zeno and
then is deposed
First Shinto shrines in Japan
Ch’i dynasty in southern China
Damascius the Greek Neo-Platonist philosopher born, ex-emperor Julius Nepos
killed in Dalmatia
Death of Childeric I king of Salian Franks, revolt of Vahan Mamikonian in
Armenia
Death of pope Simplicius succeeded by Felix III, Building of Basilica of S.
Stefano Rotondo in Rome started
Death of Euric king of Visigoths, Pope’s excommunication of Patriarch Acacius
of Constantinople leads to first schism between W and E Churches, death of
Hunneric King of Vandals, nephew Gunthamund rules, End of revolt of Vahan
Mamikonian in Armenia, Gupta empire overthrown by Epthalite invaders from
beyond the Oxus River
Philosopher Proclus dies – neo-Platonic scholar
Apollinaris Sidonius the Gallic prelate and author dies
Large Buddhist temples built in China, also cave temples, EastRE Zeno destroys
school of the Nestorians at Edessa and rebuilds the Chirch of St. Simeon Stylites
around the saint’s pillar
Christian Latin poet writes “De laudibus Dei”, Theodoric presents King
Gundebald of Burgundy with a clepsydra – a water clock
Death of Zeno the Eastern Roman Emperor
Death of Pope Felix III
Death of German Odoacer
Death of Gunthamund King of Vandals
Nestorians settle in Nisibis Persia
Ghanian empire becomes power in W Africa, Indian mathematicians introduce
the zero, the Huns destroy the Gupta civilization of India, Thule people move into
Alaska, Hopewell culture in North America builds elaborate burial mounds,
Leprosy outbreak in Egypt, Codex Bezae written – New Testament in Greek and
Latin, Aristainetos writes about life in Alexandria, Johannes Stobaios from
Macedonia issues anthology of Greek literature, first plans for the Vatican in
502
511
519
524
525
526
527
529
538
534
540
542
543
550
552
553
563
565
568
570
580
589
595
597
600
602
605
610
618
626
632
634
639
640
Rome, Basilica of Turmanin and Kalb-Luzch in Syria, Boethius writes “De
institutione musica”, St. Romanos called Melodos writes hymns for Christmas
Easter and the Passion, Anglo-Saxons wear shirts, tunics and coats, Tamo brings
tea from India to China
End Ch’i dynasty in S China
Son of Childeric I Clovis becomes king of Salian Franks and founds Merovingian
power
End of first schism between W and E churches
Execution of Boethius the Roman scholar
King Kaleb of Aksum conquerors Yemen in southern Arabia and builds many
churches
Earthquake in Antioch Turkey, death of Theodoric the Great king of Ostrogoths
Reign of Justinian I the Great begins and he tries to reunite E and W churches
St. Benedict founds monastery south of Rome, Justinian introduces law codes, fire
destroys first Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem
Buddhism reaches Japan
End of Justinian introducing law codes
End of Hun invasions in Afghanistan
25 million die in plague in Constantinople areas
Death of Benedict of Nursia – creator of western monks
Nubians in Sudan become Christian, comet debris or falling fire hits Salisbury,
Wiltshire, England
Monks smuggle silkworms to Constantinople
Start of Byzantium silk industry
St. Columba travels from Ireland to Scotlans
End of Reign of Byzantine Justinian – who tried to reunite Church
Lombards arrive in Italy (moving since 300)
Mohammed born in Mecca
Wen Di – first Sui emperor – reunites China
End of the division of China north and south
Indian mathematicians use decimals
St. Columba spreads Catholicism in Scotland, Mission of St Augustine to England
to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity
50,000 people inhabit Tiahuanaco, Nubians become Christian, beginning of
important period of art and literature in Ireland, Tiahuanaco civilization begins in
Bolivia, Height of Maya civilization, Rise of Huari in Peru
Slavic tribes begin settlement of Balkans
Chinese build grand canal
Chinese build grand canal to link Yangtze with Chang’an, Plague hits Canton,
China
Tang Dynasty begins in China
Tang court adopts Buddhism
Death of Mohammed
Beginning of the Arab empire
Moslems take Palestine
Caliph Omar goes to Egypt, Arabs expand across Northern Africa
641
642
645
646
650
652
661
664
670
673
675
697
698
700
710
711
715
732
750
751
757
762
768
784
786
787
788
794
795
796
800
Caliph Omar conquers Egypt
Arabs erect first mosque at al-Fustat in Egypt
Japanese court begins to adopt Chine influences
Political and social reforms (Taika) start in Japan
Revelations of Mohammed written and form the Koran, Hopewell people
established aling northern Mississippi, Teotihuacan in Mexico thrives
Christian Nubians and Arabs agree that Aswan on Nile marks southern limit of
Arab expansion
First Muslim Omayyad rules in Damascus, Syria
Synod of Whitby in England chooses Roman Christianity over Celtic teachings
Syrian chemist Callinicus invents Greek Fire for use as a weapon
Greek Fire first used at Battle of Cuzicus by Syrians
BUlgar nomads settle in lands south of the Danube
Arabs destroy Byzantine city at Carthage in N Africa
New city of Tunis built by Arabs near former Carthage
End of Taika reforms in Japan, rise of Mississippi culture, Pueblo people builds
houses in Arizona, Easter Island natives begin to build stone platforms, first
Polynesians settle in Cook Islands, Start of Ireland’s Golden Age of art and
literature for 200 years
Nara (S of Kyoto) becomes capital of Japan
End of Arab expansion across N Africa, Omayyads conquer Sind and found first
Muslim state in India
Muslim forces conquer most of Spain, only Basques in mountains remain
independent
Charles Martel, king of Franks, defeats Muslims at Poitiers in France, stopping
Muslim invasion
Drought in Aksum destroys empire, end of Muslim Omayyad rule in Damascus,
Syria, beginning of collapse of Teotihuacan civilization in Mexico
Arabs win battle of Talas River in central Asia – Islam comes to China
Offa King of Mercia begins to rule
Abbasid dynasty begins ruling Iraq and makes Baghdad the capital
Charlemagne becomes king of Franks
End of heavy Chinese influence on Japanese government, end of Nara as capital
of Japan, Offa – king of Mercia in central England – builds defense between
Wales and England
Reign of Harun-al-Rashid, greatest Abbasid ruler
Vikings make raids on coasts of Britain
Idris, Arab chief, becomes ruler in Morocco
Heian-kyo (Kyoto) becomes capital of Japan, beginning of Heian period of Japan
– Japan seeks more independence from China
First Viking raid on Ireland
End of reign of Offa, king of Mercia (England)
Book of Kells – illuminated manuscript – kept in Ireland, end of collapse of
Teotihuacan civilization in Mexico, Aghlabid dynasty roles in Tunis, Christian
empire in Ethiopia continues after Aksum declines, Arabs and Persians explore E
African coast and set up trading stations at Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa and
802
809
811
813
814
817
820
822
827
833
841
843
844
843
845
850
856
858
860
862
866
868
871
872
878
885
886
887
889
890
891
893
899
Mogadishu, Pope crowns Charlemagne emperor in Rome, first castles built in
Europe, Hohokam peoples in Americas expand settlements, Smallpox outbreak in
Lake Chad AFR
King Jayavarman II of Khmer people of Cambodia founds Angkorian dynasty,
Ecghberht, King of Wessex is first King of Britain
End of reign of Harun al Rashid of the Abbasids, Beginning of war between
Byzantine empire and Bulgars – Khan Krum of Bulgaria
Khan Krum of Bulgaria defeats Byzantines and kills emperor
Rule of Abbasid caliph al-Mamun begins
Death of Charlemagne
End of war between Byzantines and Bulgars of Bulgaria
Persian mathematician Musa al-Chwarazmi develops Algebra
Eruption of Popocatepetl at Lake Texcoco MEX
Aghlabids from Tunis set up colony in Sicily, end of reign of Ecgberht, King of
Wessex
End of rule of Abbasid caliph al-Mamun, he sets up House of Wisdom in
Baghdad – most important school in Arab world
Vikings found Dublin on E coast of Ireland
Charlemagne’s Frankish empire breaks up, Kenneth Mac Alpin unites kingdomk
of Scotia and becomes first king of Scotland
Rule of Rhodri Mawr, first prince of all Wales begins until 878
Kenneth MacAlpin conquers Picts
Buddhism banned in China
Arabs perfect astrolabe, Southern Mayan cities collapse
Earthquake at Damghan Persia, Earthquake in Greece
Beginning of Fujiwara clan’s control of Japanese emperors
Vikings rule at Novgorod in Russia, Kenneth MacAlpin unites northern Scotland
Vikings led by Rurik are invited by E Slavic and Finnish tribes of N Russia to rule
them
Fujiwara Yoshifusa becomes regent over child emperor Seiwa
Ahmad ibn-Tulun, a Turkish Egyptian noble, breaks away from Abbasid caliphate
and sets up Tulunid dynasty in Egypt, <i>Diamond Sutra</i> becomes oldest
printed book – Chinese woodblock
Rule of Alfred the Great in England
End of regency of Fujiwara Yoshifusa in Japan
End of reign of Rhodri Mawr, first prince of all Wales, killed by Vikings, Alfred
of England defeats Vikings under Gudrum at Ethandune – treaty of Wedmore
divides England between them
Vikings begin raids in France
Chola dynasty rules much of S India for almost 400 years, Vikings raid Paris
Fujiwara Mototsune becomes chief advisor to the Japanese emperor
Khmers start to build capital city at Angkor, Cambodia
Huari empire begins to collapse in Peru,
Monks write the history of England in <i>Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</i>
Earthquake in Persia
Death of Alfred the Great in England
900
902
906
907
909
910
911
912
916
919
924
935
936
937
940
941
942
949
950
955
960
961
962
963
969
970
973
976
978
979
983
985
986
Kasar House (Housaland) in the Niger region of W Africa prospers, Magyars
from central Asia invade Europe, Mayan power in N Mexico begins to fade,
Pueblo settlements in N America, Toltecs begin to build power at Tula, Mexico,
Hohokam culture in AZ and NM, Firsst settlers on Cook Islands – ancestors of
Maori reach S Island New Zealand, Orkney and Shetland taken over by Vikings,
End of golden age of Irish art and literature
End of Aghlabid (Tunisian) colony on Sicily
Collapse of Tang dynasty in China
Complete collapse of Tang Dynasty in China leads to 50 years of chaos, Khitan
Mongols conquer inner Mongolia and upper China
End of Aghlabid (Tunis) dynasty
Benedictine Abbey of Cluny founded in Burgundy, France
Rollo, Viking chief, settles in Normandy France
Rule of Abd-al-Rahman III caliph of Cordoba begins (Omayyid dynasty)
Hywel Dda (the Good) begins Welsh rule – produces code of Welsh Laws
Pueblos at Pueblo Bonito NM
Athelstan reigns in Britain
Koryo (Korea) state founded in west-central Korea
Reign of Otto the Great in Germany
Athelstan of England defeats large army of Scots, Irish and Danes at Battle of
Brunanburh, N England
Death of Athelstan of Britain
Fujiwara Tadahira becomes civil dictator in Japan
Welsh law begins to be written
Hywel Dda dies – Welsh King
Approximate end of decline of Aksum empire in Ethiopia as Christian empire
continues, Record of Welsh law written down on orders of Hywel Dda, prince of
Wales, Igbo-Ukwu culture in E Nigeria begins
Otto defeats Magyars at Battle of Lechfeld near Augsburg and defeats Slavs at
Rechnitz
Song Dynasty reunifies China
Rnd of reign of caliph Abd-al-Rahaman III in Cordoba
Otto the Great of Germany declared Holy Roman Empire, ALptigin (Turkish
warrior slave) seizes Afghan fortress of Ghanzi
Mieszko I founds kingdom of Poland, succeeded by Boleslav I who expands
territory
Fatmid dynasty expands from Tunis and conquers Egypt from Tulunid dynasty –
Fatmids build Cairo which becomes capital
Fatmids build Azhar University at Cairo, paper money introduced in China
End of Otto the Great, HRE
Reign of Basil II, Byzantine emperor
Vladimir becomes Grand Prince of Kiev
Aethelred II of England reigns
1000 chapter encyclopedia <i>Taiping Yulan</i> produced in China
Chola king Rajaraja I conquers Kerala in S India
Eric the Red sets up colony at Greenland
987
989
990
996
997
1000
1001
1005
1008
1014
1016
1019
1020
1021
1025
1030
1034
1035
1037
1038
1040
1042
1044
1050
1053
1054
1057
1062
1064
1065
Reign of Hugh Capet of France begins
Vladimir of Kiev chooses Orthodox Christianity as official religion of his people
Toltec people take over Chichen Itza
End of reign of Hugh Capet of France
Mohammed of Ghanzi rules for 33 years, invades India 17 times
Fading of Maya power in N Mexico, Bantu speaking people set up kingdoms in S
Africa, Kingdoms of Takrur and Gao flourish in W Africa due to gold trade,
Chinese perfect gunpowder and begin to use it in warfare, Italian towns become
city-states, Rule of Stephen, first of Arpad dynasty of Hungary – accepts
Christianity, Farmers in Peru grow sweet potatoes and corn, Leif Ericson reaches
N America, Maori people settle in New Zealand, Polynesians begin to build stone
temples
Chola king Rajaraja I conquers Sri Lanka
Malcolm II rules Scotland, Brian Boru of Munster recognizes in Ireland as “ard
ri” (high king)
Japanese court lady Murasaki Shikibu begins to write <i>Tale of Genji</i>
Basil II of Byzantine empire defeats Bulgarians, Rajendra I becomes ruler of
Cholas who dominate India, Brian Boru, high king of all Ireland defeats Vikings,
but is killed after victory, Brian Boru of Ireland defeats Vikings at Clontarf, but is
slain
Death of Aethelred II, Reign of Canute, Viking king of England, begins
Yaroslav the Wise, ruler of Kiev begins to rule, unifies Russian areas
Japanese court lady Murasaki Shikibu finishes writing <i>Take of Genji</i>,
Boleslav I of Poland creates unified state
Reign of Fatmid caliph al-Zahir begins
Death of Basil II of Byzantine empire
Mohammed of Ghanzi’s rule of Afghan empire ends after 33 years and 17 Indian
invasions
Scotland becomes united under Malcolm II
End of reign of Fatmid caliph al Zahir ends – decline of Fatmid power, death of
Canute, Viking king of England, Normandy in N France grows powerful
Spanish kingdoms of Castile and Leon unite
Death of Stephen of Hungary, Chinese earthquake
Earthquake in Persia
Edward the Confessor begins to rule as king of England
Anawrata takes power in Burma
End of Igbo-Ukwu culture in E Nigeria, Culture of Yoruba people if Ife flourishes
in Nigeria until 1400, Almoravids – Berber Muslims from W Sahara start to take
over Morocco, Algeria and part of Spain
Harold, son of Earl of Wessex serves as King Edward’s chief advisor
Death of Yaroslav the Wise of Kiev, Split of Rome and E Christian Byzantium
Malcolm III rules Scotland
Almoravids from W Sahara found capital at Marrakech
Harold promises to support the claim of William of Normandy when Edward dies,
Drought and famine begins in Egypt
Muslim Seljuk Turks invade Asia Minor
1066
1068
1069
1071
1072
1076
1077
1086
1087
1090
1091
1093
1096
1098
1099
1100
1113
1115
1119
1120
1124
1128
1130
1131
1132
1135
1138
1139
1142
1144
1146
Battle of Hastings where William of Normandy defeats Harold of England
First invasion of South Wales by Normans
Drought in Durham England
Seljuks defeat Byzantine army at Battle of Manzikert, William the Conqueror
defeats rebel Anglo-Saxon Hereward the Wake, William the Conqueror invades
Scotland, Turks take Jerusalem
Beginning of Norman conquest of Sicily, William the Conqueror recognized as
overlord of Scotland by Malcolm III, End of 8 years of famine in Egypt
W Saharan Muslims invade Ghana, Seljuk Turks capture Jerusalem
Pope Gregory expels HRE Henry IV from church – conflict for 100 years
William I orders Domesday survey of England
Death of William I of England, Son William II rules
Mechanical water clock invented in Kaifeng China
Norman armies finally conquer Sicily, Tornado in London England
End of rule of Malcolm III of Scotland
First Crusade
Monastery founded at Citeaux France – Cistercian monks, Wales invaded by
William II of England, Battle of Jerusalem
Floods in ENG and Netherlands, Crusaders capture Jerusalem
Pueblos build circular rooms in N America, decline of Ghana empire in W Africa,
probable founding of Katanga in Zaire, Height of Chimu civilization at Chan
Chan, Peru, Anasazi build cliff dwellings, Rise of Incas in Peru, Hohokam people
build religious platforms in AZ, first statues erected on Easter Island, Beginning
of Hawaiian societies, Earliest Polynesian settlements on Pitcairn islands, Death
of William II of England, Reign of Henry I, Baldwin becomes King of Jerusalem
Reign of Suryavarman II of Cambodia – starts building temple complex at
Angkor Wat
French teacher Peter Abelard begins teaching, Bernard of Clairvaux makes his
abbey most important monastery in Europe
Bologna U founded in Italy
Chinese invent and play with painted playing cards, Heir to English throne
William is drowned
David I rules in Scotland
Matilds of England marries Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Knights
Templar organized
Pueblo peoples at Pueblo Bonito, NM
Welsh Tintern Abbey founded for Cistercian Order
St. Denis Abbey – first gothic church – built by Abbot Suger in Paris
Death of Henry I of England, Stephen assumes throne, invoking civil war between
Stephen and Plantagenets
Earthquake in Syria
Alphonso I becomes first king of Portugal
French teacher Peter Abelard makes Paris center of religious learning
Completion of St. Denis Abbey in Paris
Almoravids from W Sahara have taken over Morocco, Algeria and Spain, New
Crusade preached against Turks
1147
1148
1149
1150
1152
1153
1154
1163
1164
1165
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1180
1185
1186
1187
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1198
1199
Almohads, opposed group to Almoravids seize Marrakech and go on to capture
Spain, Algeria and Tripoli, Christian Crusaders engage Turks in Palestine
Louis VII and Conrad meet on Crusade in Jerusalem
Christian armies defeated by Turks, abandon siege of Damascus
Continuation of Hohokam culture in NM and AZ, End of reign of Suryavarman II
of Cambodia, Paris U is founded, Zagwe dynasty rules in Ethiopian highlands,
End of Hopewell culture in N America, Maoris begin to settle in river mouth
areas in New Zealand
Reign of Frederick I HRE begins (Barbarossa), Archbishop of Armagh Ireland
links Irish to Roman church
Death of Bernard of Clairvaux, monastery man, death of David I of Scotland and
Malcolm IV rules, Treaty of Wallingford ensures English throne will pass to
cousin Matilda’s son Henry Plantagenet
End of Stephen as king of England, Reign of Henry II Plantagenet of Anjou as
king of England begins
Birth of Genghis Khan
Constitutions of Clarendon in England limit power of Church
Death of Malcolm IV of Scotland, William the Lion rules
Eruption and earthquake at Mt. Etna Sicily
Mexican Toltec’s capital at Tula overthrown by Chichimec nomads, Thomas a
Becket archbishop murdered
Saladin overthrows Fatimid dynasty, Henry II of England invades Ireland and
starts 750 years of English reign over Irish
Henry II is accepted as lord of Ireland
Saladin declares self Sultan of Egypt, Saladin overcomes Palestine and Syria –
start, William the Lion from Scotland invade England but is captured
Decline of Chola kingdom, Philip II Augustus rules France, Toltecs driven out of
Chichen Itza
End of Heian period of Japan, Death of Alphonso I of Portugal
Last Ghaznavid ruler deposed by Mohammed of Ghur in N India
Saladin takes Jerusalem, Richard I sets out of crusade
End of Reign of Henry II in England, Richard I rules England, but leads 3rd
crusade
End of reign of HRE Frederick Barbarossa, Teutonic Order of Knights – military
society set up in Germany to defend Christian lands in Palestine and Syria, End of
first flat-topped mound culture of Mississippi valleys, Acre besieged by Franks,
Richard of GBR and Philip of FRA set out together
Richard I of England arrives in Acre
Truce between Richard I and Saladin ends 3rd Crusade, British crusaders raid
Saracen territory, Richard begins return to England
End of Saladin’s takeover of middle east as he dies
Llywelybn Faer (The Great) rules Wales
Mt. Vesuvius erupts in Italy
Death of Richard I of England in jousting tourney, John rules in stead, drought
and famine in Egypt for three years, new crusade preached
1200 Italian towns have become city-states, Hohokam of AZ build religious platforms,
King Lalibela of Ethiopia cuts churches from rocks, Cahokia in N America
(temple mounds) at height of power, Incas in Peru settle around Cuzco, cliff
apartments in Colorado, Tui Tonga monarchy builds platforms in Tonga, Maori
legend reports meteor and crater
1202 Drought and famine in Egypt, earthquake in Acre, Lebanon
1203 Hojo family rules Japan after Minamoto Yoritomo’s death
1204 Greeks storm Crusaders
1206 Former Turkestan slave Aibak founds sultanate of Delhi in N India, Mongol
empire founded by Genghis Khan
1209 St. Francis of Assisi founds Franciscan religious order
1212 Almohads defeated by Christians at battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
1214 Death of William the Lion of Scotland and Alexander II rules
1215 English King John seals Magna Carta giving more power to barons
1216 End of reign of English King John, Henry III rules
1217 Peace treaty between Scotland and England ensures peace for 20 years
1218 Ayyubid empire breaks up, but Ayyubids remain in power until 1250 in Egypt,
Treaty of Worcester between Llywelyn and Henry III of England confirms
Llywelyn as Prince of Wales
1219 North sea flood
1220 City-state of Kilwa in Tanzania increases prosperity
1223 End of reign of Philip II Augustus of France
1228 5th Crusade – called for by Frederick II (GER/HRE)
1229 Christians regain Jerusalem
1230 Hafsid monarchy takes over from Almohads in Tunisia and acquires Saharan
trade
1233 Dominicans serve as Catholic inquisitors under Gregory IX, inquisition born
1235 Sun Diata founds Mali empire in W Africa
1240 Russian Alexander Nevsky defeats Swedes at great battle on Neva river, Death of
Llywelyn Fawr of Wales
1241 Lubeck and Hamburg form a Hansa (association) for trade and mutual protection
1244 Christians lose Jerusalem, Louis IX of France survives sickness and goes on
crusade, Turks sweep into Jerusalem – Final Christian loss
1246 Llywelyn Yr Ail (the Last) begins rule of Wales
1249 University College (Oxford) founded, Death of Alexander II of Scotlans and reign
of Alexander III
1250 Ayyubids out of power in Egypt, Colorado cliff buildings built, Kanem kingdom
in Lake Chad region begins to break up, last Ayyubid ruler in Egypt murdered,
Mamluks – soldiers from central Asia take power, CHimu people expand in Peru,
Maya revival as new capital built at Mayapan, Damietta surrendered to crusaders
1254 Marco Polo born in Venice
1256 Hulagu, grandson of Genghis Khan becomes leader of Persia
1260 Mamluk commander Baybars takes over as sultan of Egypt, Khubilai grandson of
Genghis becomes Great Khan, Battle of Ain Jalut – Mongols halted by Mamluks
in Palestine, Sultan murdered by Baibars
1262 Iceland and Greenland come under Norwegian rule
1263
1264
1265
1267
1268
1269
1271
1272
1273
1274
1277
1281
1282
1284
1286
1287
1290
1291
1292
1293
1296
1297
1298
1300
1305
1306
1307
1308
Scots defeat Vikings at Battle of Largs
Barons defeat king Henry III, but he continues to reign
Simon de Montdort summons first parliament in Britain
End of Chola dynasty in India, King Saint Louis goes out on crusade, but is
warned against it
Earthquake in Turkey, Antioch falls to Baibars
King James I of Antioch diverted from crusade by storm
Venetian explorer Marco Polo sets out for China
End of King Henry III, Edward I returns from crusade and reigns
Rudolph I becomes first Habsburg ruler of Austria
Kyushu eruption
Mamluks in control of Egypt, Llywelyn Yr Ail of Wales defeated by British
Edward I, baibars dies by poisoning
Kyushu eruption, Typhoon in sea of Japan destroys Mongols, Mongols driven
away from Japan by “divine wind”
Edward I of England begins to conquer Wales as Llywelyn rebels against Edward
I,
Edward I of England conquers Wales, Peterhouse, the first college of Cambridge
U founded, Sequins coined in Venice, Italy
Alexander III falls over a cliff and dies and granddaughter Margaret Maid of
Normandy reigns
North Sea flood
Earthquake in Gulf of Chihili, Invention of spectacles in Italy, end of reign of
Margaret in Scotland, Chinese earthquake
Three Swiss cantons join together to begin struggle for independence from
Hapsburgs
John Baliol chosen king of Scotland – removed from throne by Edward I of
England
Earthquake in Japan
Edward I defeats Scots at Dunbar and captures John Baliol of Scotland – Stuart
alliance with France (Auld Alliance)
Scots rise against English rule under William Wallace and defeat Edward, first
Irish paraliament meets in Dublin
William Wallace of Scotland defeated at Falkirk but starts guerilla war to 1305,
King (Saint) Louis canonized by Rome
Ife culture of W Africa produces brasses, Osman I founds Ottoman dynasty in
Turkey, Incas begin to expand throughout Andes, Hawaiians start to develop class
structure as a result of economic growth, Stone temples (marae) erected on
Raratonga, Cook Islands, Huge stone statues erected on Easter Island
William Wallace of Scotland captured and beheaded by England
Robert Bruce assumes Wallace’s role and is crowned at Scone Scotland in
defiance of English, becomes Robert I
End of Edward I of England, Begin Edward II of England
Papal court moves to Avignon, Great Schism follows, Montaillou France, last
refuge of Cathar Christians, suffers from corrupt Catholic priest – 2 million die in
crusade against Cathar heretics, Clergue (the priest) seducing women
1310
1314
1315
1317
1320
1321
1324
1325
1327
1328
1329
1332
1333
1335
1336
1337
1338
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1352
1353
1357
1358
1359
1360
1362
1366
1368
1370
1371
1373
1377
1380
1381
1388
1389
One of the “Good Men” Pierre Autlier burned in France
Scots defeat England at battle of Bannockburn
Belfast Ireland suffers three years of late freezes
End of Ireland crop freezes, Death of King Louis X
Inquisition re-heats in France “Convert or Die”, Declaration of Arbroath Nobles
and church in Scotland pledge to support Robert
Tughluq dynasty founded in Delhi, Brunings begin in French inquisition
Emperor of Mali, Mansa Musa, makes pilgrimage to Mecca
Aztecs found city of Tenochtitlan (Mexico City)
Edward II murdered and Edward III reigns
Treaty of Edinburgh where English formally recognize Bruce as king of Scotland
Death of Robert Bruce (Robert I) of Scotland, rule of David II
Deadliest flood and famine in China
Chinese famine
Ashikaga Takauji (Japanese general) rebels against Emperor
Hindu empire of Vijayanagar in India founded by Harihara I becomes center of
resistance to Islam
Edward III of England claims French throne, start of 100 years war (to 1453),
Japanese generals overthrow emperor forming the Ashikaga shoguns
English defeat French at Battle of Crecy, Plague outbreak begins through 1353,
Battle of Neville’s Cross where Scotland attacks England but fails and king David
II is captured until 1357
Bubonic plague reaches Europe
Egypt devastated by plague
Black plague reaches England
Last Hindu Javanese kingdom of Majapahit begins to spread in SE Asia, Maoris
flourish in N Island New Zealand, start of “Little Ice Age” period
Ibn Battuta begins survey of Africa, End of plague outbreaks
Ibn Battuta finishes survey of Africa in writing, end of seven years of plague
David II of Scotland released from English prison
Jacquerie Revolt – peasant uprising in north of Paris
Hailstorm in Chartres France - see 1360
Hailstorm in Chartres, FRA stops English soldiers under Edward III
North Sea flood, Iceland volcano eruptions
Statute of Kilkenny enforces writ of English law in Ireland
Mongols driven out of China – Zhu Yuanzhang founds Ming dynasty
Geoffrey Chaucer writes Book of the Duchess, Acamapitchtli chosen as king of
Aztecs
Death of David II of Scotland – rule of Robert II
Treaty of Anglo-Portuguese friendship lasts over 600 years
Death of Edward III of England, Richard II rules in England
Foundation of Kongo kingdom in Congo river mouth region of Zaire
Peasants’ Revolt in England led by Wat Tyler
Battle of Otterburn results in Scottish victory over English
Christian Serbs defeated by Ottoman Turks at Kosovo
1390 Ottoman Turks complete conquest of Asia Minor, Viracocha becomes 8th Inca
ruler, myth tells how he travels to Pacific and never returns, death of Robert II of
Scotland and rule of Robert III
1391 Priests call for mandatory conversion of Jews in Spain
1397 Kalmar Agreement unites three Scandinavian kingdoms of Denmark, Norway,
Sweden
1398 Tamerlane sacks Delhi, killing 100,000 Hindu
1399 Richard II of England deposed and cousin Henry Plantagenet IV rules
1400 Kingdom of Great Zimbabwe in S Africa thrives on gold trade, Gold from
Zimbabwe exported to Asia, Engaruka community farms land in Tanzania, Pueblo
people abandon northern sites, expansion of Aztec empire in Mexico, Expansion
of Inca, Tongans build major center at Mu’a, widespread cultivation of wet taro in
Hawaii
1401 Owain Glyndwr opens campaign for Welsh independence – makes treaty with
France
1402 Tamerlane, Mongol conqueror from central Asia defeats Ottomans at battle of
Ankyra in Turkey, Robert III of Scotland hands government to Regent – Duke of
Albany
1403 20,000 chapter Encyclopedia called the <i>Yongle Dadian</i> started to be
compiled in China, Ghiberti sculpts human body in realistic style for bronze doors
of Florence baptistery, heralding the Renaissance, Henry IV defeats rebel lords in
England
1404 Glyndwr sets up Welsh parliament at Machynlleth Wales
1405 Chinese Muslim Zheng He makes seven voyages westward to collect tribute for
Ming leaders
1406 Death of Robert III of Scotland, James I rules Scotland
1411 Reign of Indian sultan Ahmad Shah of Gujarat
1413 Henry IV dies and Henry V renews 100 years war
1415 John Hus, Bohemian religious reformer burned at the stake, Henry V defeats
French at Agincourt
1417 End of Great Schism in Catholic church, a single pope elected in Rome
1419 Korea prospers under King Sejong
1420 Portuguese sailors explore west coast of Africa, Songhai people in Gao region of
W Africa begin raids in Mali empire, Ming capital moves to Beijing
1421 North Sea Floods
1422 Henry V dies, Henry VI reigns
1425 Scotland introduces reforms
1426 Aztec
1429 Joan of Arc leads French at Siege of Orleanss at Tenochtitlan form triple alliance
with Texcoco and Tlacopan, Henry VI begins to expel French from England
1430 Sultans of Kilwa on E Africa begin grand building program, Collpase of Khmer
empire in SE Asia
1431 Angkor Wat abandoned after being sacked by Thai army, Zheng He makes his
final voyage and reaches East coast of Africa, Joan of Arc burned at the stake,
Terrible freeze as part of Little Ice Age results in famine for several years
1430 Gutenberg experiments with moveable type
1434
1437
1438
1440
1442
1447
1448
1449
1450
1453
1455
1456
1460
1461
1462
1463
1466
1467
1468
1470
1471
1472
1473
1477
1478
1479
1480
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1488
Reign of Christian emperor Zera Yacub in Ethiopia
Death of James I of Scotland and James II rules
Inca emperor Viracocha dies, successor Pachacuti expands Inca empire
Incas build great fortress at Cuzco, Reign of Aztec emperor Moctezuma I and
warriors begin to conquer E Mexico
End of reign of Indian sultan Ahmad Shah of Gujarat
Casimir IV of Poland unites Polish kingdom with Grand Dutchy of Lithuania
Thailand expands under King Trailok, begins reforms
Rule of shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa in Japan begins
End of reign of King Sejong of Korea, script money issued, Building of Great
Zimbabwe of S Africa at height, Inca city of Machu Picchu built in Peru
Ottomans besiege and capture Constantinople
Printing press invented, beginning of Bible printing in Europe, Huge temple built
to Aztec war god Huitzilopochtli in Tenochtitlan, James II of Scotland defeats
Black Douglas family of nobles at Arkinholm
First Bible printed in Europe, Earthquake in Naples Italy
Imperial porcelain works at Jingdezhen in China exports Ming pottery, Death of
James II of Scotland and begin rule of James III
Death of Henry VI, Edward IV reigns
Sonni Ali becomes ruler of the Songhai and goes on to build and empire, Reign of
Ivan III Grand Prince of Muscovy
War between Ottoman Turks and Venetians lasts 6 years
Birth of Erasmus, Dutch scholar
Onin war in Japan begins – civil war over shogun succession
End of reign of Aztec ruler Moctezuma I
Collapse of Chimu culture in N Peru
Emperor Topa Inca expands Inca empire into Bolivia, Chile and Argentina
Orkney and Shetland annexed by Scotland
Tenochtitlan absorbs neighboring Aztec cities
Onin war ends Ashikaga shogunate’s authority
Rule of Renaissance patron Lorenzo de Medici – Start of Spanish Inquisition roots
End of war between Ottoman Turks and Venetians ends with Turks triumphant,
Crowns of Aragon and Castille united under Ferdinand and Isabella
Spanish Inquisition introduced to uncover heresy
Portuguese explore Congo river estuary
Ashikaga Yoshimasa completes building Silver Pavilion Temple at Kyoto, Japan,
death of Edward IV of England, Edward V reigns and is deposed, Richard III
reigns
Spanish Inquisitors enter Aragon to denounce Jews
Henry VII becomes first Tudor king of England and Wales after defeat of Richard
III Plantagenet at Battle of Bosworth, Spanish Inquisitor assassinated
Rule of Aztec emperor Ahuitzotl begins, Henry VII marries Elizabeth, daughter
of Edward IV, uniting York and Lancaster
Ming emperors open rebuilding of Great Wall to defend China, Death of James III
of Scotland and James IV begins to rule
1489 Typhus putbreak in S Spain
1491 Ruler of Congo kingdom baptized Christian by Portuguese
1492 Sikander Lodi, sultan of Delhi annexes Bihar and moves his capital to Agra to aid
conquest of Rajasthan, End of rule of Lorenzo de’ Medici, Christian Spanish
capture Granada in Spain from Muslims, expulsion order of Jews from Spain,
beginning of plagues in Americas spread by Europeans
1493 End of reign of Emperor Topa Inca in Peru
1495 Poyning’s Law – no Irish parliament without English consent, Syphilis outbreak
in Naples, Italy – may have been from Columbus’ crew
1497 End of reign of Aztec ruler Moctezuma I, Portuguese Vasco de Gama rounds
Cape of Good Hope and sails on to India
1498 Italian religious reformer, Savanarola, burned at stake, Tsunami hits Japan
1499 Plague in England causes Henry VII to flee to Calais
1500 Songhai empire in W Africa expands, trade aids growth of Hausa states in W
Africa, black-lead pencils used in England, French exploration of Canada begins
this century, village of oval stone houses built on Easter Island
1501 Reign of Ismail, first Safavid shah of Persia, begins
1502 End of rule of Aztec emperor Ahuitzotl, Columbus begins second voyage
1503 James IV of Scotland marries Margaret, dau. Of Henry VII of England
1504 End of Columbus’ second voyage
1505 End of reign of Ivan III of Muscovy, Ortuguese capture Sofala on Africa’s E coast
1506 Destruction of original St. Peters built 330 - Construction started on St. Peter’s
Basilica in Rome, Huge ship <i>Great Michael</i> built in Scotland
1507 Portuguese found Mozambique and begin to trade with Africans, Nzinga Mbemba
(Christian and Portuguese ally) becomes king of Kongo, Andrew Myllar sets up
Scotland’s first printing press
1509 Death of Henry VII, Henry VIII begins to rule, marries Katherine of Aragon
1511 Portuguese navigators begin to explore Pacific
1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa sights the Pacific, Death of James IV of Scotland at battle
of Flodden, beginning of rule of James V
1517 Ottomans defeat Mamluks and conquer Egypt, 95 theses published in Germany be
Martin Luther
1519 Charles, archduke of Austria and king of Spain elected HRE until 1556, Death of
Leonardo da Vinci, Cortes enters Aztec empire, Magellan starts out to
circumnavigate the globe
1520 Reign of Sulayman the Magnificent, Ottoman empire at peak
1521 Cortes decimates Aztec empire, Disease ravages Mexico City
1522 Magellan’s crew reaches Portugal, Venice used as flow for Protestant materials
1524 End of reign of Ismail, first Safavid shah of Persia
1525 Diego Riberio, mapmaker of Spain, makes first charts of Pacific, Portuguese
arrive at Caroline Islands near New Guinea and Palau Islands
1526 Babur, descendant of Genghis Khan and Tamerlane invades India, Portuguese
arrive at Papua New Guinea, Smallpox in Peru
1527 Troops of Charles V HRE sack Rome and capture Pope Clement VII
1528 Cyclone hits Gulf of Mexico sinking Spanish ships
1529 Muslims defeat Christian Ethiopians at battle of Shimbra Kure – overrun kingdom
until 1543 when defeated by Portuguese
1530 Portuguese organize trans-Atlantic slave trade
1531 Earthquake in Portugal
1532 Francisco Pizarro invades and destroys Inca empire in Peru, Court of Session
created in Scotland
1533 Start of reign of Czar Ivan IV the terrible, Pope excommunicates Henry VIII,
Three cyclones hit Puerto Rico
1534 Henry VIII breaks with Rome, Jacques Cartier makes first expedition to Canasa,
King Henry VIII becomes head of Church of England
1536 Monasteries in England begin to be dissolved, Act of Union between England and
Wales
1540 Spanish arrive in California
1541 Leadership of John Calvin in Geneva begins, Irish parliament declares Henry VIII
king of Ireland
1542 Death of James V of Scotland, Scots defeated by English at battle of Solway
Moss, Mary Queen of Scots rules
1543 Drought at horn of AFR begins 19 years, Portuguese defeat Ethiopian Muslims,
First accurate anatomical drawings done by Vesalius
1545 Start of Council of Trent, Italy and Catholic reform
1546 Tabinshwehti conquers Pegu from Mons and becomes king of all Burma
1547 Czar Ivan IV “the Terrible” takes power in Russia, Death of Henry VIII of
England and Edward VI rules
1549 Start of mission of Jesuit St. Francis Xavier to Japan, British Book of Common
Prayer published
1550 Maoris in N and S islands of New Zealand build forts calles “pa”
1551 End of mission of Jesuit St. Francis Xavier to Japan, Bayinnaung inherits
Burmese throne and overruns Thailand
1552 Typhus outbreak on German France border
1553 Death of Edward VI of England and Mary I rules, Cyclone hits Veracruz MEX,
sinking Spanish ships
1554 Mary marries Philip of Spain
1556 Deadliest earthquake hits Shaanxi China killing 830,000, HRE Charles retires,
Reign of Moghul emperor Akbar in India begins, Start of reign of Philip II of
Spain,
1557 Freeze and famine in Russia
1558 Reign of Elizabeth I of England begins, Calais retaken by French
1559 Building of palace of Escorial palace outside of Madrid, Elizabeth becomes head
of Church of England
1560 Portuguese establish embassies in Timbuktu, W Africa, French wars of religion
begin for 30 years, Reformation Parliament establishes Protestantism as
Scotland’s religion – championed by John Knox
1561 Mary returns to Scotland to restore Catholicism
1562 Drought at horn of AFR ends after 19 years, Sir John Hawkins starts English
slave trade in W Africa
1563 End of Catholic Council of Trent
1564 End of time of John Calvin of Geneva, Shakespeare born
1566 Death of Sulayman the Magnificent of Ottomans
1567 Alvaro de Mendana, Spanish sailor, sets sail from Callo in Peru across Pacific,
reaches Ellice Islands and Solomon Islands, Protestant lords rebel in Scotland
against Mary who flees to England where Elizabeth I imprisons her, James VI
rules Scotland
1568 End of reign of Christian emperor Zera Yacub in Ethiopia, Period of national
unification in Japan begins when old feudal lord, Oda Nobunaga, captures Kyoto,
Dutch campaign for independence from Spanish rule begins
1570 Drought in W Central AFR, Kanem-Borneo reaches height of kingdom power,
starts alliance with Ottomans for 40 years
1571 Don John of Austria smashes Ottoman fleet at battle of Lepanto
1572 Massacre of St. Bartholemew as perhaps 20,000 protestants die in Paris and
France, Dutch Sea Beggars take Brill
1573 Reign of emperor Wan Li in China, period of great paintings and porcelain
making, imperial kilns at Jingde Zhen produce china
1574 End of reign of shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa in Japan, Storm in Leyden
Netherlands kills Spanish troops
1575 Portuguese begin to colonize Angola, 100+ years of fighting follows, Stephen
Batory, prince of Transylvania in Romania elected king of Poland
1576 Martin Frobisher tries to find NW passage to China along Canadian coast
1577 English Francis Drake begins circumnavigation
1580 Drought in W Central AFR, Sir Francis Drake completes circumnavigation, Spain
unites with Portugal for 60 years
1584 End of reign of Czar Ivan IV “the Terrible”, building of palace of Escorial near
Madrid completed, Sir Walter Raleigh explores Virginia, Regents rule Scotland
1585 Roanoke colony set up, fails, Regents rule Scotland
1586 Kelut eruption, end of reign of King of Poland Stephen Batory of Transylvania
1587 Reign of Shah Abbas I The Great of Persia begins
1588 English fleet defeats Spanish armada aided by Atlantic storms, Translation of
Bible into Welsh helps save Welsh language,
1590 French wars of religion end as leading nobles struggle under weak Valois kings,
Songhai empire fights Moroccan army, Burma begins break-up
1591 Songhai empire defeats Moroccan army, Cyclone off Havana shrinks Spanish
fleet, Eruption in Philippines
1592 Korea and Japan begin fighting
1595 Eruption and mudflow at Nevado del Ruiz, Mendana visits Marquesas and Nderic
(Santa Cruz)
1596 Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan
1598 End of reign of Philip II of Spain, First Dutch trade posts in Guinea, W Africa,
Korea fends off Japanese invasions, Henry IV the first Bourbon king of France
grants equal rights to Protestants
1600 End of Japanese period of unification, Kalonga kingdom north of Zambezi river
becomes rich through ivory trade, Hausaland dominates trade routes through
Sahara, Great Zimbabwe replaced by split kingdom capitals of Transvaal,
Botswana and Zimbabwe, Abbas I introduces reforms into Persia, Battle of
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1616
1618
1619
1620
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1631
Sekigahara Japan – Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats rivals and the Tokugawa (Edo)
period begins, English, Dutch, Danish and French East India Companies started to
be founded, Beginning of building of “tupa” or stone towers on Easter Island, in
Tonga, leadership passes from Tu’i Tonga dynasty to Tu’i Kanokupolu dynasty
Death of Elizabeth I of England, throne passes to cousin James Stuart (VI) of
Scotland – renamed James I
Earthquake and tsunami in south Peru
Reign of Moghul emperor Akbar in India ends, Burma breaks up into small states,
End of Boris Godunov’s reign in Russia, Gunpowder plot fails (Guy Fawkes
blowing up parliament)
Luis Vaez de Torres from Spain sails around New Guinea and reaches straits of
Torres, Flood in Severn Valley, England
Confucianism gains influence in Edo society, Jamestown colony founded in
Virginia
Quebec, CAN founded by French
Italian Galileo Galilei confirms heliocentric model, Nicaraguan earthquake
Kanem-Bornu in W Central Africa enjoys alliance with Ottomans and receives
firearms, training and camels, Hudson explores Hudson Bay
Reign of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden begins, Earthquake and tsunami in Japan
St. Peters Basilica in Rome completed after 94 years, Japanese begin persecution
of Christians until 1639
Reign of Bethlen Gabor of Hungary begins
By this time, Dutch, English, Danish and French East India Companies founded
Death of William Shakespeare, Eruption in the Philippines
Landslide Chiavenna ITA, killer avalanches in the Alps, Drought at horn of AFR,
30 Years War begins in Europe
Dutch begin to establish monopoly of spice trade in Moluccas and Indonesia,
William Harvey begins work on circulation of blood in London
End of reign of Wan Li in China, Queen Nzinga of Ndongo fights Portuguese in
Angola, Beginning of Japanese national policy of restriction of contact with the
outside world, <i>Mayflower</i> sails, Mayflower compact written
Dutch monopoly of spice trade in Indonesia, Cardinal Richelieu becomes forst
minister of France
Dutchman Hugo Grotius publishes <i>De Jure Belli ac Pacis</i> which becomes
basis of international law, French settlements in Caribbean begin at St.
Christopher, End of reign of James I of England, start rule of Charles I
Dutch found New Amsterdam in North America
Manchus overrun Korea, Catholics besiege Huguenots in La Rochelle in W
France
Kalliste eruption and tsunami, Minoan volcanic eruption, William Harvey
announces discovery of blood circulation in London, Kingdom of Burma breaks
up, Petition of Right in England curtails kings powers,
End of reign of Shah Abbas I the Great of Persia, end of reign of Bethlen Gabor
of Hungary, British king Charles I tries to rule without parliament until 1640,
Dutch found New Amsterdam in North America
Mt. Vesuvius erupts
1632 End of reign of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, Shah Jahan begins building Taj
Mahal, Start reign of Queen Christina of Sweden
1633 Charles I of England first visits Scotland
1634 Flood in Germany
1637 Prayer Book forced upon Scotland by England – riot in Edinburgh Cathedral
1638 First printing press reaches North America, Tornado in England
1639 End period of Japanese persecution of Christians, First Welsh chapel founded
after breakaway from Church of England, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
written
1640 Drought in W Central AFR, Spain ends unity with Portugal as Portugal gains
independence, End of British king Charles I trying to rule without parliament, teo
parliaments summoned – second session for 20 years
1641 Dutch capture Malacca on Malay peninsula, Massachusetts Body of Liberties
written
1642 Flood at Kaifeng, Civil war in England, Scotland and Ireland for five years,
Montreal, Canada founded, Abel Tasman reaches Tasmania, British Great Civil
War between king and parliament
1643 Italian physicist Torricelli invents barometer, French defeat Spanish in 30 Years
War, Reign of Louis XIV of France begins, Cyclone sinks Spanish ship off
Hispaniola West Indies
1644 Qing (Manchu) dynasty akes over China, Abel Tasman reaches New Zealand,
Scottish general Leslie joins Cromwell to help at Battle of Marston Moor in Civil
war
1645 Candian War between Venice and Ottoman Turks until 1669, In British civil war,
parlimentarians defeat royalists
1646 Bahamas colonized by the English
1647 Civil war in Britain ends
1648 end of Dutch campaign for independence from Spain, End of 30 Years War in
Europe with Treaty of Westphalia, Shah Jahan completes Taj Mahal in India, The
Frondes – revolts against Mazarin’s rule in France
1649 Charles I of England executed, Britain ruled by commonwealth until 1660,
Cromwell appointed as British chairman of Council of State, has campaigns in
Ireland
1650 Drought in W Central AFR, Portuguese clash with Muslims in Zambezi region,
Ethiopia expels Portuguese missionaries and diplomats, Dutch prosperity leads to
new achievements in art, Scottish royalists routed by Cromwell at Battle of
Dunbar, Cyclone hits Basserette Antilles killing thousands
1652 Dutch found Cape Town, South Africa, Start of first Sutch war with England
1653 End of The Frondes – revolts against Mazarin’s rule in France, Protectorate of
Oliver Cromwell in Britain
1654 End reign of Queen Christina of Sweden, End of first Dutch war of England,
Portuguese drive Dutch out of Brazil
1655 English capture Jamaica from Spanish
1656 Plague and famine in Rome, ITA
1657 Tokugawa Mitsukuni begins compilation of <i>History of Japan</i>
1658 Emperor Aurangzeb becomes last great Moghul emperor, End of Cromwell’s
protectorate in Britain
1659 Treaty of Pyrenees between France and Spain
1660 Malway-al-Rashid restores sultanate of Morocco, end of rule by Commonwealth
in Britain as Charles II restored as king
1661 Reign of the Kangxi emperor in China beings which expands territory and
scholarship, Death of Cardinal Mazarin – Louis XIV reigns personally, Bishops
restored in Scotland
1664 Dutch force king of Thailand to give them monopoly of deerskin exports, English
capture New Amsterdam from the Dutch and rename it New York, Great plague
of London begins
1665 Great plague of London
1666 Great London fire, Cyclone hits Lesser Antilles kills thousands
1667 Shemakha Caucasia (Azerbaijan) quake, Rebuilding Act passes in London
1669 Eruption of Mt. Etna kills 20,000, Candian War between Venice and Ottoman
Turks ends, Drought and famine in India
1670 French settle in Senegal, Fulani pastoralist people gain control of Bondu in south
Senegal, Secret Treaty of Dover between England and France, Drought and
famine in India
1674 John Sobieski reigns in Poland
1678 Imaginary “Popish Plot” to overthrow Charles II of England invented by Titus
Oates
1679 Habeas Corpus Act in England ensures no imprisonment without court
appearance, Father Hennepin reaches Niagara Falls in Canada
1680 Rise of Asante kingdom in West Africa, Butua kingdom flourishes in Zimbabwe,
Portuguese driven into Zambezi valley and eastward, Statue building ends on
Easter Island as civil war begins, Cyclone hits Dominican Republic
1681 Territory granted to William Penn in America, La Salle of France explores
Mississippi Rover, founds Louisiana
1682 Reign of Peter the Great begins in Russia
1683 Formosa (Taiwan) becomes Chinese territory, Turks besiege Vienna but are
beaten off by John Sobieski
1685 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in France, death of Charles II of France, James
II rules
1686 Louis XIV of France officially annexes Madagascar
1688 Revolution in England against James II brings William of Orange to the throne
1689 killer avalanches in the Alps, Formation of Grand Alliance of Habsburgs, the
Dutch and the English against France, British Bill of Rights passes parliament,
British William III invited to take over Scottish government from James II,
English Bill of Rights written
1690 English East India Company official Job Charnock founds the city of Calcutta in
India, William victorious in Scotland, battle of the Boyne – William’s army
defeats James in Britain, Earthquake in Antilles
1691 Confiscation of Irish land by England
1692 Massacre at Glencoe Scotland – Macdonald clan killed by rival Campbell clan,
Catholics excluded from Irish parliament, Earthquake and tsunami in Jamaica
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
Earthquake in Catania and Naples ITA
Cyclone hits Barbados
Cyclone hits Antilles
End of John Sobieski’s reign in Poland
Treaty of Ryswick between France and Grand Alliance, Rule of Charles XII in
Sweden, Peter the Great of Russia travels Western Europe in disguise, lightning
storm in Ireland causes explosion that destroys castle
Portuguese expelled from Mombasa on east coast of Africa, Peter the Great
travels W Europe in disguise
Treaty of Karlowitz – Habsburgs gain almost all Hungary
Age of Enlightenment introduces revolutionary new ideas to Europe, Agricultural
Revolution begins in Britain, Great Northern War begins between Sweden and
Russia, Europeans exploit the Caribbean, N American colonies begin to prosper,
First contact between Tahitians and Europeans
Seed drill invented, Osei Tutu creates free Asante nation in W Africa, War of
Spanish Succession begins until 1713, City of Detroit founded by Antoine de
Cadillac, British Act of Settlement – William III will be succeeded by sister-inlaw Anne, then afterwards Sophia of Hanover – granddaughter of James I
End of reign of William and Mary in England, Anne rules England, first British
daily newspaper published
47 ronin commit suicide in Japan to honor their dead lord, Peter the Great founds
St. Petersburg. Earthquake in Tokyo kills 200,000, Great Storm in England ,
Earthquake and tsunami in Japan
French routed in War of Spanish Succession at battle of Blenheim
Bey Husain ibn Ali founds dynasty at Tunis, N Africa, Kongo prophetess Dona
Beatrice founds new religious cult and helps end civil war, Cyclone hits Cuba
Eruption of Teide Tenerife near Guarrachico
Mt. Fuji begins erupting, tsunami in Honshu, Moghul empire begins to break up
and Aurangzeb dies, Act of Union unites England and Scotland,
Ghilzai people under Mir Vais defeat Persian army – Afghanistan no longer
obedient to Persians, Death of Japanese shogun Tsunayoshi
Drought in W Central AFR, Dey becomes pasha in Algiers, controlling N Algeria
Tuscarora War between settlers and Native Americans in N Carolina, Storm hits
Belle Isle Canada wrecking English ships
In England Thomas Newcomen invents a workable steam pump for mines,
Religious warfare in Switzerland
End of War of Spanish Succession, Reign of Frederick William I of Prussia
begins
France captures island of Mauritius, Death of Anne of England – cousin George I
rules
End reign of Louis XIV of France, First Jacobite rising in Britain attempts to
restore Stuart Dynasty, Yamasee nation attacks South Carolina colony, killing
hundreds of English, Cyclone hits Straits of Florida sinking Spanish ships
Reforming shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune rules Japan until 1745, Manshu
emperor Kangxi sends troops to expel Junkar people from Tibet, French build
fortress in Louisbourg, CAN
1717 Spain establishes viceroyalty of New Granada in South America, Flood in the
Hague, Netherlands
1718 End of rule of Charles XII of Sweden, Death of William Penn – Quaker founder
of Pennsylvania, dispute between Spanish and French over Texas begins, Volcano
erupts in Antilles, Avalanche in Switzerland
1720 killer avalanches in the Alps, Drought in W Central AFR, Yoruba state of Oyo
dominates area W of Niger, Kangxi enthrones seventh Dalai Lama in Tibet, South
Sea Bubble – financial scandal in England, Texas becomes Spanish possession
1721 End of Great Northern War – Russia victorious and replaces Sweden as the
dominant power in NE Europe, Robert Walpole becomes first and longest serving
British prime minister until 1742,
1722 Death of Kangxi Manshu emperor of China, new Manshu emperor Yongzheng
signs treaty with Russia and defines Siberian-Mongolian border, Asante conquer
kingdom of Bono-Bansu in Akan region of W Africa, Dutch navigator Roggeveen
reaches Samoa Islands and Easter Island in Pacific, Cyclone hits Jamaica
1724 King Agaja of Dahomey W Africa temporarily disrupts slave trade, Asaf Jah,
minister of the Moghul empire retires to the Deccan – becomes independent and
declared first Nizam of the Hyderabad, Peter the Great founds Russian Academy
of Sciences
1725 Death of Peter the Great in Russia, Fulani Muslim cleric Alfa Ibrahim appointed
“Commander of the Faithful” in Futa Jalon in W Africa, <i>Gujin tushu
jicheng</i> encyclopedia commissioned by Qing emperor Yongzheng
1726 Cardinal Fleury foverns France peacefully for 17 years, Spanish found city of
Montevideo in Uruguay to stop Portuguese spread out of Brazil
1727 Death of Mulai Ismail followed by 30 years of anarchy in Morocco, Coffee first
planted in Brazil by Europeans, first discovery of diamonds in Brazil in area
where gold is mined, Death of George I of England, George II rules, Earthquake
in Persia
1729 Yongzheng sets up Grand Council of military advisors in China
1730 Vitus Bering, Danish explorer, discovers strait with his name, Earthquake in
Japan, Eruption in Canary Islands off Africa
1733 France and Austria fight War of Polish Succession to make their candidates Polish
king until 1735
1734 End of King Agaja of Dahomey W Africa – slave trade resumes in 1740s
1735 Manshu ruler of China works with Russia to define borders, Nadir Shah, chief
adviser and general to last Safavid ruler in Persia defeats Turks at Baghavand and
captures Tiflis, End of war of Polish succession, Libel trial of John Peter Zeuger
in New York helps establish freedom of the press
1736 Nadir Shah reigns as Shah of Persia 11 years, Rule of Qianlong the Qing emperor
– frequent rebellions follow until death in 1796, Natural rubber discovered in Peru,
academic schools of Sao Paolo and Sao Jose founded in Brazil by Portuguese
Jesuits
1737 Cyclone hits Bengal and Bangladesh, Earthquake in Calcutta kills 300,000,
Cyclone hits Bay of Bengal, India, Earthquake in Japan
1739 Nadir Shah invades India and New Delhi, taking away Peacock throne of the
Moghuls Outbreak of War of Jenkins’ Ear – Spain and Britain fight for control of
N American and Caribbean waters, South Carolina shaken by slave revolts
1740 End of reign of King Frederick William I of Prussia, Lunda create prosperous
kingdom in Africa, Power of Hindu Marathas of central India expands north,
Frederick the Great rules Prussia and expands territory, Prussia attacks Austria
and drags Europe into War of Austrian Succession, Population of colonies reaches
1.5 million, including 250,000 slaves
1741 Reign of Elizabeth I of Russia for 20 years – eventually founds first University at
Moscow
1742 End of service of Robert Walpole as first British prime minister as Sir Spencer
Compton takes over, Juan Santos takes name Atahualpa II and leads native
Peruvians in revolt against Spanish
1743 End of reign of Cardinal Fleury as governor of France, End of Sir Spencer
Compton as British Prime Minister, Henry Pelham serves
1745 End of rule of Japan by shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune, Second Jacobite rising in
Britain led by Bonnie Prince Charlie – fails to restore Stuart dynasty to British
throne, British forces and New England settlers capture French fortress of
Louisbourg in Canada, George II of England becomes last British king to fight in
battle at Dettingen
1746 Mazrui dynasty in Mombasa E Africa becomes independent from Oman,
Earthquake in Peru
1747 End of reign of Nadir Shah of Persia, Amhad Shah Durrani begins rule of
Afghanistan
1748 End of war of Austrian Succession
1750 Chinese capture Lhasa and take over Tibet, Karim Khan begins 29 year reign of
south Persia, Sebastian de Carvalho appointed foreign secretary of Portugal
1752 Amad Shah Durrani who rules Afghanistan invades India, takes Lahore and
plunders Delhi
1753 Alaungpaya reunites Burma, founds last Burmese dynasty to 1885, French occupy
Ohio valley
1754 Concordat with Vatican gives Spanish church independence from Rome, AngloFrench War (French and Indian) begins, end of Henry Pelham as Prime Minister
of Britain, Dukw of Newcastle reigns, Volcano in Philippines
1755 Earthquake, fire and tsunami in Lisbon Portugal kills 60,000, First outbreak of
smallpox in Cape Town, South Africa kills Khosian peoples, Eruption and
earthquake at Mt. Etna – related to big Portugal disaster
1756 “Black Hole” of Calcutta, Seven Years War begins with Prussia and Britain vs
France, Austria and Russia, End prime minister Duke of Newcastle and begin
service of Duke of Devonshire
1757 End of 30 years of anarchy in Morocco, Robert Clive defeats Siraj ud daula,
Nawab of Bengal at Battle of Plassey, Battle of Rossbach where Frederick the
Great defeats French and Austrians, Sidi Mohammed begins rule of Morocco,
Earthquake and tsunami in Chile
1758 Aoki Konyo Japanese scholar introduces sweet potato into Japan and completes
Dutch/Japanese dictionary
1759 General James Wolfe defeats French at Battle of Quebec, Jesuits expelled from
Brazil, foundation of Carron Iron Works in Stirlingshire Scotland
1760 Canada passes into British hands, End of British king George II, George III takes
throne
1761 End of reign of Elizabeth I of Russia, Battle of Panipat between the Marathas and
Ahmad Shah Durrani of Afghanistan – great Afghan victory
1762 British fleet captures Manila in Philippine Islands from Spain, Publication of Jean
Jacques Rousseau’s <i>Contrat Social</i>, Reign of Russian empress Catherine
the Great begins, Brits seize Havanna from Spain
1763 End of Seven Years’ War in Europe, Anglo-French war in Americas, Britain
becomes dominant power in India as a result of the Treaty of Paris, Rio becomes
capital of Brazil, Pontiac conspiracy where American Indians join in uprising
against British,
1764 Reign of Osei Kwadwo the Asante ruler in W Africa begins, Reign of king
Stanislas Poniatowski the last king of Poland begins
1765 Stamp Act in US, Declaration of Rights written
1766 Eruption in Philippines, Earthquake and tsunamis in Japan
1767 Burmese invade Thailand, destroying Ayudhya and forcing Thais to accept
Burmese dictatorship – Burmese repulse China from invading Thailand, British
Captain Samuel Wallis reaches Tahiti, Earthquake hits Martinique
1768 Scottish explorer James Bruce begins travels in Ethiopia, Ali Bey a Mamluk army
officer makes himself ruler of Egypt, First of British Captain James Cook’s
voyages to Pacific
1769 Drought and famine in India
1770 Tukolor kingdom gains power in former Songhai region of W Africa, Spanish
sailors reach Easter Island, Drought and famine in India
1772 Captain Cook begins second voyage, Eruption in Java
1773 Ahmad Shah Durrani of Afghanistan dies, end of travels of James Bruce of
Scotland in Africa, Mamluk Ali Bey dies after being wounded in battle with
rebels led by Abu’l-Dhahab, Emelian Pugachev leads uprising of Cossacks and
peasants in Russia until 1775, Boston Tea Party, Earthquake in Guatemala
1774 Warren Hastings becomes governor of British India, Reign of Louis XVI of
France begins
1775 End of peasant uprising in Russia, Cyclone hits Newfoundland Canada killing
4000, Liberty or Death written
1776 Spanish create Viceroyalty of La Plata in S America, Captain James Cook begins
third voyage, James Watt of Scotland produces commercial steam engine,
Virginia Bill of Rights written
1777 End of reign of Osei Kwadwo the Asante ruler in W Africa, Sidi Mohammed
ruler of Morocco abolishes Christian slavery, Christianity introduces into Korea
by Chinese Jesuits, Accession of Maria as queen of Portugal, she exiles Pombal
but continues his work, Treaty of San Idelfonso defines Spanish and Portuguese
holdings in Brazil, Articles of Confederation written
1778 War of Bavarian Succession between Prussia and Austria
1779 Karim Khan, dictator of S Persia dies, Dutch farmers in Cape Colony clash with
organized Xhosa resistance, Captain Cook beaten to death by Hawaii islanders,
Volcano in Japan erupts
1780 Hurricane hits Martinique and Barbados, Joseph II co-ruler of Austria with his
mother Maria Theresa becomes sole ruler on her death, Revolt of Tupac Amaru in
Peru begins, Cyclone in Barbados, eruption in Japan, Massachusetts Constitution
written
1781 Militant Tijaniyya Islamic order set up in Algeria, Cornwallis surrenders at
Yorktown
1782 Beginning of reign of Rama I in Thailand – Chakri dynasty, end of revolt of
Tupac Amaru in Peru
1783 Iceland eruption leads to cooler weather worldwide, Severe five-year famile
begins in Japan, Russian government annexes Crimea, William Pitt the Younger
becomes Prime Minister of England until 1801, Treaty of Paris recognizes US
independence, Italian earthquake, Iceland volcano, eruption in Japan
1784 11 year Drought in W Central AFR and S AFR begins, US begins to trade with
China
1785 Omani rulers reassert influence in Zanzibar, end of rule of Warren Hastings as
governor of India, Comte la Perouse leads expedition to Pacific
1786 Death of Frederick the Great of Prussia, Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty
written
1787 Tuaregs, Sahara nomads, abolish Moroccan pashalik of Timbuktu, Turkey fights
Russia to regain the Crimea, US Constitution, Voyage of Lt. William Bligh in the
<i>Bounty</i> to the Pacific, Northwest Ordinance written, US Constitution
written
1788 End of five year famine in Japan, Comte la Perouse, French navigator, lost at sea,
Usuman dan Fodio stirs holy war against Hausa king in Africa, African
Association founded in England to explore interior of Africa, Sweden attacks
Russia, First British convicts shipped to Botany Bay, Australia
1789 Outbreak of French Revolution, Conspiracy of Tiradentes in Brazil – revolt in
gold mines, Washington serves as president of US, crew of <i>the Bounty</i>
mutinies and puts LT. Bligh out to sea, Cyclone hits India
1790 End of reign of Sidi Mohammed of Morocco, Treaty between Sweden and Russia,
revolt in Haiti against French rule led by Toussaint L’Ouverture, Lt. Bligh of the
<i>Bounty</i> returns to England, Drought, famine and cannibalism in India
1791 Canada Act divides Canada into upper and lower, Drought, famine and
cannibalism in India “Skull Famine”, Bill of Rights written, French annex papal
states, Quebec splits, riots in England over French revolution, French royal family
captured
1792 End of reign of Louis XVI of France, Chinese army marches into Nepal, Sheikh
Mohammed Ibn Abdul Wahhab, founder of Saudi Arabia, dies, Russia defeats
Turkey in attempt to regain Crimea, eruption and tsunami in Japan
1793 Trinidad captured from Spanish in Caribbean, First free British settlers reach
Australia, Eruption in Java
1794 Aga Mohammed founds Kajar dynasty and unites Persia, Mt. Vesuvius erupts
1795 Drought in AFR ends after 11 years, death of Stanislav Poniatowski, last king of
Poland, British seize Cape Colony from Dutch, Scotish explorer Mungo Park
travels through Gambia, France overruns Netherlands, creates dependent Dutch
republic
1796 Death of emperor Qinglong of Qing dynasty in China – ends period of rebellions,
death of Catherine the Great of Russia, Scottish explorer Mungo Park reaches
Niger, Emperor Qianlong of China relinquishes power but still directs
government until 1799, Vaccination discovered, Papal monopoly broken in Italy
by Napoleon’s troops, Jews allowed to be full citizens of Italy during Napoleon’s
rule, George Washington’s Farewell Address
1797 End of George Washington’s presidency, Earthquake in Ecuador, Italian
earthquake
1798 Wolfe Tone organizes Irish revolt against English rule, Strait between Australia
and Tasmania navigated, Rising of United Irishmen against British fails and some
leaders executed
1799 Ranjit Singh founds Sikh kingdom in Punjab, India, Major civil war in Tonga
1800 Volta of Italy invents electric cell, industrial revolution in England, Act of Union
between Britain and Ireland, Tuberculosis outbreak in England, Tsunami in
Indonesia, French retakes papal states
1801 First rail locomotive, end of era of William Pitt the Younger as British Prime
Minister, beginning of reign of Czar Alexander I of Russia, Matthew Flinders
begins to circumnavigate Australia , Thomas Jefferson delivers inaugural address
1802 Emperor Gia-Long begins reign in Vietnam, Worlds first steam shipi <i>Charlotte
Dundas</i> built in Scotland
1803 Second Maratha war disrupts India 2 years, circumnavigation of Australia by
Matthew Flinders complete – he names it, Napoleonic War between Britain and
France until 1815
1804 Fulani begins jihad in N Nigeria, Russian envoy visits Nagasaki Japan and tries to
negotiate treaty – fails, First oil lamps made in England (designed by French),
Napoleon becomes emperor of French, Lewis and Clark begin expedition
1805 Mungo Park explores Niger river W Africa, Mohammed Ali rules Egypt and
Egypt breaks away from Ottoman empire, end of second Maratha War in India,
Battles of Trafalgar (British victory) and Austerlitz (French)
1806 Goldau Valley Landslide, Mungo Park explores Niger River, W Africa, Napoleon
brings HRE to an end, End of Lewis and Clark expedition, Imam Sayyid Said
begins to rule Oman, Cyclone hits Dominica, Yellow Fever hits Martinique,
Landslide in Switzerland
1807 Asante invade Fante confederacy in Africa, British abolish slave trade, though
slavery continues until 1833, Portugal’s John VI flees to Brazil
1808 Fulani invade Bornu near Lake Chad, Peninsular War in Spain begins until 1814,
Rebellions against Spain begin in South America
1809 Charles Darwin born, Death of Rama I of Thailand
1810 Hidalgo begins revolts against Spain in Mexico, King Kamehameha becomes
king of Hawaii
1811 New Madrid MO quake, beginning of regency furniture period, Mohammed Ali
of Egypt overruns Arabian peninsula through 1818 – end of first Saudi empire,
Tornado kills 500 in Charleston SC,
1812 New Madrid MO quake, First tin cans produced in England for preserving food,
Napoleon reaches Moscow, burns it and retreats to France, Volcano on St.
Vincent Island in West Indies, Earthquake in Venezuela
1813 Napoleon defeated at “Battle of Nations” in Leipzig
1814 End of Peninsular war in Spain, Cape Colony South Africa ceded to Britain, End
of war of 1812, Eruption in Philippines, Inquisition returns to Spain and Italy after
Napoleonic era – Spain hunts supporters of France, Rome demands return of
stolen documents, fall of Napoleonic system
1815 Tambora Indonesia eruption – deadliest kills 82,000, Java restored to Dutch by
British, Battle of Waterloo and Congress of Vienna follows defeat of Napoleon –
map of Europe decided, Russia tries to make landings in Hawaiian islands,
1816 Tambora eruption aftermath – world temperatures lower approximately 4 degrees.
Crops fail, starvation ensues, IN becomes a state as more people move west,
Shelley writes “Frankenstein” Byron writes “Darkness” Cholera and typhus
sweep through Europe, Start of career of Zulu ruler Shaka in S Africa, Bolivar
defeats Spanish in Venezuela, stethoscope invented
1817 Disease ravages Europe, crops fail in NE US, Last Maratha War begins in India,
San Martin defeats Spanish army at Chacabuco in Chile, Pest and blight in
Ireland’s crops, Cholera outbreak in Calcutta
1818 Mohammed Ali of Egypt has overrun all Arabian peninsula, Chilean
independence
1819 End of last Maratha War in India – British rule India except Punjab, Sind and
Kashmir, Singapore founded by Stamford Raffles, Pomare II establishes Society
Island’s legal code, Death of King Kamehameha I of Hawaii and Kamehameha II
abolishes system of gender separation, Mobile Alabama cyclone kills over 200
1820 Drought in S AFR, end of regency furniture period, end of reign of Gia-Long in
Vietnam – unified Vietnam, Fulani emirate founded in Adamawa, W Africa,
Fulani in Mali W Africa found the Hamdallahi caliphate, Peace treaty ends piracy
and leads to 150 years of British rule in Persian Gulf, Minh Mang becomes
emperor of Vietnam and reverses Gia-Long’s policies and expels Christians,
Development of N Pacific whaling industry in Japan, Missouri Compromise,
Death of George III of England – reign of George IV
1821 Greek War of Independence starts against Turks until 1829, Venezuelan
independence confirmed, San Martin wins independence for Peru, protestant
missionaries arrive in Cook islands
1822 Galunggung eruption, Pedro of Brazil, son of John VI of Portugal declares Brazil
independent, Liberia founded in W Africa as home for former slaves, Earthquake
in Chile, Java eruption
1823 Monroe Doctrine written
1824 Canning invented, First Burmese War with Britain begins, Kamehameha II of
Hawaii visits England and dies there, Cyclone hots St. Simmons Island GA and
kills field workers, Flood at St. Petersburg Russia
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
Fire in ME and New Brunswick, death of Czar Alexander I of Russia, Egyptians
found the city of Khartoum Sudan, Persian-Russian War begins, Javanese revolt
against Dutch for five years, Bolivar founds state of Bolivia, Dutch annex Irian
Jaya, the W part of New Guinea, Hurricane in Puerto Rico
End of first Burmese war with Britain, start of cholera pandemic until 1834,
Cholera outbreak in India until 1838
Frenchman Nicephore Niepce takes first photograph, Battle of navarino Bay
where British, French and Russian navies destroy Turkish fleet
Drought at horn of AFR, end of reigh of Zulu ruler Shaka in S Africa, Basel
mission to Ghana (Gold Coast) W Africa, SHaka the Zulu leader was assassinated
by half-brother Dingane who then rules Zulu nation, Persian-Russian War ends as
Russia captures Tabriz, Indian Hindu Raja Ram Mohan Roy founds reforming
Hindu society, Brahmo Samaj, Uruguay becomes independent, Daniel O’Connell
becomes member of parliament of Britain in spite of ban on Catholics
Drought at horn of AFR, “The Rocket” train proves railroad travel feasible, end of
Greek War of Independence, Practice of widow burning (suttee) made illegal in
India, Robert Peel founds Metro Police Force in Britain, Catholic Emancipation
Act in Britain/Ireland
Drought in S AFR, French invade Algeria, end of Javanese revolt against Dutch,
Russians repress Polish revolt, Revolution in France, Kingdom of Belgium
founded, Tahitian Protestant missionaries arrive in Fiji, Malietoa Vaiinupo of
Savai’I becomes king of Samoa, Death of George IV of England, William IV
reigns
Mohammed Ali of Egypt seizes Syria and rules it until 1840, Charles Darwin sets
sail, Cyclone hits Barbados
Cholera outbreak in London, Abd-al-Kadir leads Arab resistance to France in
Algeria until 1847, First Great Reform Bill in Britain gives more men the vote
British abandon slavery, Drought and famine in India
French Catholic Missionaries arrive in Mangareva in Tuamotu Islands in South
Pacific, end of world cholera pandemic, Cyclone hits Dominican Republic
Quake and tsunami in Talcahuano, Dost Mohammed begins rule in Afghanistan
until 1863, Cyclone hits Florida Keys, Volcano in Nicaragua, Earthquake and
tsunami in Chile, Start of freeze in Finland until 1850 – kills 137,000
Great Trek of Boers begins in Africa, Siege of the Alamo, Texan independence
Continuation of Great Trek of Boers, SHogunate of Tokugawa Ieyoshi begins in
Japan until 1853, Frenchman Jules Dumont d’Urville attempts to chart coast of
Antarctica until 1840, Death of William IV of England, reign of Victoria begins,
Cyclone in St. Thomas
Boers found Republic of Natal, Nakayama Miki founds faithhealing Tenri sect in
Japan, Trail of Tears, Lt. Charles Wilkes leads US expedition to Antarctica,
People’s Charter in Britain allows for political reform, Cholera outbreak in India
ends after 12 years
Ottoman sultan Abdul Majid starts the “Tanzimat” program for modernization,
First Afghan War with British starts until 1842, Start of Opium War in China until
1842
1840 Bad year for tornadoes in US, Mohammed Ali of Egypt stops ruling Syria, Imam
Sayyid Said ruler of Oman makes Zanzibar his capital, Penny postage stamp
introduced in Britain, postage stamps reform postal systems, Upper and Lower
Canada unites, End of attempt to chart coast of Antarctica, British and Maoris in
New Zealand sign Treaty of Waitangi, Kamehameha III begins constitutional
monarchy in Hawaii and first written constitution, Tornado hits Natchez MS
killing 300, major disease outbreaks in New Zealand 20 years
1841 End of reign of Minh Mang of Vietnam, Nationalist leader Lajos Kossuth founds
Hungarian liberal reform newspaper, St. Jo Florida cyclone, Earthquake in Puerto
Rico, Cyclone in Hong Kong
1842 End of First Afghan War – a British army annihilated, End of Opium War in
China, France annexes Marquesas Islands and makes Tahiti a protectorate
1843 Idea for fax machine conceived by Bain in Scotland, Britain takes over Natal from
Boers and adopts it as British colony, Great Disruption in Scotland results in
Evangelicals forming Free Church of Scotland
1844 Cambodia becomes Thai protectorate, First effective Factory Act in Britain,
Cyclone in Mexico
1845 Eruption and mudflow at Nevado del Ruiz, Earthquake and tsunami in south Peru,
Sikh wars with Britain begin until 1849, The Great Hunger in Ireland (potato
famine) until 1847/8
1846 Mexican-American War begins, Irish Potato famine
1847 End of Algerian resistance to France lead by Abd-al-Kadir, Civil war in
Switzerland, Antiseptics used in surgery by Semmelweiss, Anesthetic properties
of chloroform discovered, Irish Potato famine last year
1848 End of reign of Mohammed Ali in Egypt, Accession of Nasir ud-din ablest of the
Kajar dynasty of Persia, Switzerland becomes a federal state, Publication of
<i>Communist Manifesto</i>, Year of revolutions throughout Europe, end of
Mexican-American War as California and New Mexico ceded to US, Meeting in
Seneca Falls New York calls for Women’s rights, Hawaiian king Kamehameha III
gives peoples shares in the islands, Begin reign of Nasir-ud-Din of Persia
1849 End of Sikh wars in India results with Britain annexing Punjab, California gold
rush
1850 Early anesthetics invented, Taipeng rebellion in China begins and goes for 14
years, jeans invented in California, Compromise in US fails to ease slavery
tensions, Begin 39 year era of progress in Brazil under Pedro II, Britain transfers
some powers to four major Australian colonies, end of “Little Ice Age”
1851 King Rama IV begins to rule Thailand, Great Exhibition in England, gold found
in SE Australia, 15 year flood in Shanghai China
1852 Tukolor leader al-Hajj ‘Umar launches jihad along Senegal and upper Niger rivers
to establish Islamic state in Africa, in South Africa, Britain recognizes
Transvaal’s independence, Nasid-ud-Din takes personal power in Persia and
promotes major reforms, Louis Napoleon becomes Emperor Napoleon III
1853 End of shogunate of Tokugawa Ieyoshi in Japan, Dr. David Livingstone crosses
Africa following the Zambezi River and reaches Victoria Falls 1856, Fall of
Nanking China, Able king Mindon Min reigns in Burma, Crimean War begins
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
with Russia fighting Turkey, Britain, France and Sardinia, France annexes New
Calcedonia, Cholera outbreak in Longon for 10 years
Cholera outbreak in London, Boers ofund Orange Free State in Africa, Treaty of
Kanagawa – US and Japan trade treaty, Eureka stockade – brief miner’s revolt at
Ballarat (Oceana), Major storm in Black Sea
Alexander Parkes of GBR invents plastic, Beginning of reign of Emperoro
Theodore of Ethiopia
Queen Victoria awards first Victoria Cross, cheap steel possible with Bessemer
process, Death of Imam Sayyid Said of Oman, Dr. Livingstone crosses Africa,
end of Crimean War in Europe and Middle East, Antislavery Republican party
formed in US, Australia achieves full self-government, Dernieres Island
Louisiana Cyclone, Major lightning storm off Rhodes Greece
Indian Mutiny shakes British rule, Earthquake in Italy, Earthquake in Japan
After Indian Mutiny, East India Company abolished, reformer Benito Juarez
becomes Mexican president, Irish foundation of Fenian movement to break from
Britain, Inquisition Bologna Edgardo Mortara case where child was abducted by
Papal power by Pius IX, other Italian states demand Papal reforms, Austria
retreats from supporting Pope and leaves Italy
John Brown begins to start slave revolt, Earthquake in Ecuador, outbreak of
rabbits in Australia, begin of self-proclaimed reign of Emperor Norton I of the US,
dissolves congress
Kerosene developed, British and French loot and burn in Beijing, Italian
parliament meets in Turin – Garibaldi takes southern Italy and most of Italy
unified, Burke and Wills cross Australia from S to N, Start of first Maori War in
New Zealand until 1870, Pasteur works with immunization, End of 20 years of
outbreaks in New Zealand, US Emperor Norton bans use of the terem “Frisco”
Otto produces gas engine, Czar Alexander II abolishes serfdom, End of reign of
Benito Juarez of Mexico, Gold discovered in New Zealand, Collapse of Papal
States
French begin to occupy Indo-China, Bismark begins 28 year career as chief
minister of Germany, US land given to European immigrants to farm, Last wars
abainst American Indians begin in US West for 28 years
Dost Mohammed ends rule in Afghanistan, Al-Hajj ‘Umar of Tukolor takes
Timbuktu, Poles rebel against Russian rule, French invade Mexico and set up
Austrian Archduke as emperor, end of cholera outbreak in London, Earthquake in
Philippines
Drought at horn of AFR for 2 years, Cyclone hits Bengal and Bangladesh, end of
the Hamdallah caliphate in Mali, W Africa, Taiping rebellion in China results in
fall of Nanking, Poles continue rebellion against Russian rule, First French
convicts sent to New Caledonia, Oceana, Cyclone hits India
Wars between Orange Free State and Moshweshwe’s Basuto people in South
Africa until 1868, King Kojong persecutes Christians in Korea, 13th US
Amendment, Paraguay attacks neighboring countries 5 years, first Chinese
laborers arrive in Hawaii, New Zealand capital moved from Auckland to
Wellington, Salvation Army created in London, Wild Bill wins first showdown,
KKK forms, Gregor Mendel
1866 Drought at horn of AFR ends, Prussia defeats Austria at Sadowa in Seven Weeks
War, Northern US Republicans force through radical reforms for south for 11
years, 15 year flood in Shanghai China ends, Drought and famine in India, Tsar
Alexander III marries borther’s widow – Princess Dagmar of Denmark – Alex
mocks Slavs in favor of Prussians and supported Berlin Treaty and Eastern
Orthodoxy, persecutes Jews, Ottomans clash with Maronite leader in Lebanon and
are defeated – starts war, Jesse James first robs a bank, Bismarck survives
assassination, Austro-Prussian war begins and Prussia begins domination of
Germany, first trans-Atlantic cable laid, Metric Act standardizes weights,
dynamite invented, end of Austro-Prussian War
1867 Diamonds discovered in Kimberly S Africa, Disraeli introduces Second Reform
Bill in Britain, end of French interference in Mexico with emperor Maximilian
from Austria governing, Britain makes Canada a dominion, first black votes in
D.C., Benito Jua’rez becomes Mexican president again, Maronite Catholic sect
member Karam goes to Algeria – Maronites helped the Crusaders and were
protected by France since 1638, japan Shogun Yoshinobu abdicates and Emperor
Meiji rules, Suez canal opens, Lister publishes regarding antiseptics, Canada
formation more formal, Alaska purchased from Alexander II of Russia, Singapore
becomes British, <i>O Canada</i> written, Thomas Baker eaten in Fiji, Manifest
Destiny – Medicine Lodge treaty signed, Charles Dickens in US – visits NY
theater, “Grange” precursor formed, Belmont stakes first run, Otto von Bismarck
re-organizes Germany under Prussia, Yellow Fever in New Orleans, Diamonds
discovered in South Africa
1868 Quake and tsunami in Africa S. America, End of reign of Emperor Theodore of
Ethiopia, King Rama IV ends rule of Thailand and opens country to foreign trade,
Wars between Orange Free State and the Basuto people end, Reign of Rama V of
Thailand begins, Meiji period in Japan begins and capital moves to Edo (Tokyo)
and shogunate abolished, Gladstone becomes British prime minister for first time
until 1874, Earthquake in Ecuador, Drought and famine in India, First Mardi gras
with floats held, first Memorial Day, WY made a territory, Johnson pardons
rebels, Indian Wars with Custer killing 103 Cheyenne
1869 Suez Canal opened, Germany acquires lands in Caroline Islands, Oceana, Cyclone
hits Boston, Woman’s suffrage Association organized in NY, Capital Punishment
Act ends hangings in Britain, Emperor Norton I of the U.S. abolishes political
parties, Socialist party developed in Germany, barbed wire invented
1870 End of first Maori war in New Zealand, end of King Kojong in Korea and his
persecution of Christians, Franco-Prussian War begins as Napoleon II abdicates,
Paraguay almost annihilated in attacks on neighboring countries, Antonio
Guzman rules Venezuela 18 years, Gold Rush in New Caledonia, Oceana, Irish
Home Rule movement launched, Earthquake in Oaxaca MEX, Large storm off
coast of France kills 122, End of ghettoization of Jews by Papal state, Italy
relegates Papacy to Vatican, Rome retaken by secular Italy, office of inquisition
loses policing power, Franco-Prussian war begins with Napoleon III v. King
Leopold – Napoleon III imprisoned ending second French Empire, 180,000
French soldiers surrender, Italy seizes “Papal States” reunifying Italy,
Rockerfeller creates Standard Oil, Virginia readmitted to Union, Women vote in
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
UT, MS, TX, GA return to Union, first black senator, War between Prussia and
France (Franco-Prussian), Napoleon III deposed, Prime Minister of Spain
assassinated
Chicago Fire, Peshtigo fire WI (deadliest – in US), Third Republic established in
France until 1940, End of Franco Prussian War, Unification of Germany and
Prussian king William I becomes German emperor, Cakobau, leader of Bau on
Fiji establishes monarchy, Bismarck unifies Prussia and the German kingdoms
into Germany and King Wilhelm I becomes Kaiser, Treaty of Frankfurt calls for
money to be paid to Germany, France signs treaty with Germany, ending FrancoPrussian War, French attempt revolution and Paris taken but reconquered by army
with Prussian support, Stanley finds Livingstone, German empire created, France
surrenders to Germany, Chicago fire and Wisconsin fire burn with 1,200,000
acres each, NRA created, Bismarck tries to suppress Catholics politically, Boss
Tweed of Tammany Hall
Cape Colony of S Africa granted self government, First railroad in Japan opens,
Cyclone in Zanzibar (Tanzania), Brigham Young arrested, Yellowstone
established, 7.2 quake in LinePine CA, Civil Rights re-established for rebels,
Susan B Anthony votes, is fined $100 but never pays, Modoc Indian War begins
Colt revolver peacemaker invented, End of reign of Able King Mindon Min in
Burma, War between Asante kingdom and Britain begins in Africa, UK declares
war on Ghana for trading slaves, Indian Wars – Modoc, New Spanish republic,
Indian Wars – stronghold, Vienna stock crash results in long depression , Royal
Canadian Mounted Police created, Modoc War ends with capture of Captain Jack,
Jesse James train robbery, First clash between Custer and Sioux, Germans leave
France, US stock market crash, DDT developed
End of war between Asante and British in Africa, end of first reign of Gladstone
as British Prime Minister, Beginnings of Mande state in old Mali under Samori
Ture, Africa, Disraeli’s second and last government of Britain begins and lasts 6
years, Prince David Kalakaua becomes ruler of Hawaii until 1891, Baton Rouge
LA Flood, Measles outbreak on Fiji, NY gets the Bronx, Hawaii annexed by US
treaty, Blue jeans created, Home rule granted in Ireland
Rudimentary sewage system created in London, Japanese legal code drawn up for
13 years, Earthquake and Volcano in Colombia, France becomes Republic,
Kwang-su becomes emperor of China, US government issues report stating Sioux
and Cheyenne are hostile, Treaty of St. Petersburg between Japan and Russia,
Tong Wars in San Francisco (Chinese Mafia)
Drought at horn of AFR for 2 years, Telephone invented, Cyclone hits Bengal and
Bangladesh, Queen Victoria declared Empress of India, Japanese pressure forces
Korea to open ports to trade, Famine in the Deccan, S India results in 2 years and
5 million dead, Turks put down Bulgarian uprising – very violent, Bell invents
telephone, reign of President Diaz of Mexico 35 years, Cyclone in Bangladesh,
Drought famine and Cholera in India
Sound recording invented, end of reform for US South, Satsuma rebellion in
Japan results in death of Samurai, Edison invents record player, Tsunami in Chile,
Volcano in Ecuador, Drought, famine and Cholera in India, Drought and famine
in China
1878 Drought at horn of AFR ends, end of famine in S India Deccan area and 5 million
dead, Second Afghan War begins with British invasion of Afghanistan to counter
Russian influence, Congress of Berlin ends Russo-Turkish War and allows for
freedom of some Balkan countries, New Caledonian people rebel against French
in Oceana, Earthquake in El Salvador, Drought and famine in China
1879 Early lightbulbs invented by Edison in US and Swan in GBR, Zulu war with
British ends with British defeated in one area but victorious in another, End of
second Afghan war, War of the Pacific begins between Chile, Peru and Bolivia,
Britain establishes naval station at Samoa, major storm off coast of Scotland
produces waterspout that destroys bridge and train
1880 Drought at horn of AFR, Beginning of European “Scramble for Africa,” First
Boer War begins, End of Disraeli’s reign in Britain, Australian ranger Ned Kelly
is hanged and becomes folk hero, France annexes Tahiti as a colony, Marshfield
MO tornadoes, Emperor Norton I of U.S. dies, total solar eclipse over S France
1881 Cyclone hits Haiphong, First Boer war ends with Transvaal defeating Britain,
Assassination of Czar Alexander II of Russia, Cyclone in Martinique, Landslide
in Switzerland, earthquake in Turkey
1882 Cyclone hits Bombay, death of Charles Darwin, Triple Alliance is formed
between Germany, Austria and Italy, Mt. Ranier WA erupts
1883 Deadly eruption and tsunami combination – Krakatoa kills 36,000, Edison invents
marketable light bulb, earthquake in Anatolia Turkey, major landslide in
Switzerland
1884 Bad year for tornadoes in US, Dowager Empress Cixi sacks grand council of
China, End of War of the Pacific between Chile, Peru and Bolivia, Davidsboro GA
cyclone, earthquake in Spain
1885 End of last Burmese dynasty, Conference in Berlin regarding African colonization,
Sudanese Muslim leader the Mahdi takes Khartoum from Egypt – General Gordon
killed, Foundation of Indian National Congress (India), Third Burmese War begins,
German Karl Benz is first to sell motor cars, Canadian Pacific railroad opens,
Goldfields open in Papua New Guinea, Hurricane in Puerto Rico, Earthquake in
Mexico, Earthquake in Granada Spain, Kashmir India earthquake
1886 Britain annexes Burma in end of Third Burmese War, Gold found in the
Transvaal, AFL established, Gladstone’s Home Rule for Ireland bill defeated,
Charleston SC earthquake, Storm in Cornwall England, New Zealand eruption
1887 Flat records invented, celluloid invented, Yellow River floods, Bulgaria elects
Ferdinand of Coburg king and becomes leading Balkan state, Kaifeng China flood,
Attempted assassination of Tsar Alex III by Lenin’s brother
1888 Major blizzard hits US East and TB, pneumonia and diarrhea follow, later subway
is built to combat similar problems, Drought at horn of AFR for 5 years, deadliest
hailstorm on record hits Moradabad (middle east), end creation of new Japanese
legal code, end of rule of Antonio Guzman over Venezuela, Kaiser William II
reigns in Germany until 1918, Slaves freed in Brazil, hailstorm hits India,
Wilhelm II becomes Kaiser of Germany when father dies – Hohenzollern dynasty
1889 British create official cubic inch, End of reforms in Brazil as Pedro II deposed,
New Meiji constitution for Japan, First Pan-American conference held in
Washington DC, Brazil becomes a republic, Malietoa Laupepa king of Samoa
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
recognized by Britain, US and Germany who serves as joint supervisors of Samoa,
Johnstown PA flood
Drought in S AFR, End service of Bismarck as chief minister of Germany, End of
wars against US American Indians in Western US, first Japanese general election,
New Orleans LA flood
End of reign of King David Kalakaua of Hawaii, Franco-Russian agreement for 3
years, Civil War in Chile, Earthquake in Japan
Drought at horn of AFR ends, Shredded Wheat invented, Oil City PA flood,
Landslide in France, storm off Portugal
Diesel invents engine, World expo in Chicago, SLC temple dedicated, Votes for
women introduced in New Zealand, University of Wales founded at Aberystwyth,
Charleston SC cyclone, New Orleans cyclone
Fire in Wisconsin , SLC city county building completed, French set up
protectorate in Dahomey (Benin) W Africa, War between Japan and China, end of
Franco-Russian agreement as treaty not renewed, 12 million die in plague
outbreak in India, Canton and Hong Kong plague kills between 80,000 and
100,000, Home Rule for Scotland
X-Ray invented, Utah’s constitution created, Women vote in UT, Joseph F Smith
criticizes members of Democratic Party and some members take this as
Republican endorsement, Jameson raid into Transvaal, Japanese win ChineseJapanese war and occupy Korea, Lumiere brothers invent film projector in France,
Assassination of Bulgarian prime minister Stambuloff, Marconi invents the
wireless, first X-Rays, Tsar Nicholas II coronated – thousands trampled – wife
cousins to Kaiser
Bad year for tornadoes in US, end reign of Nasir-ud-Din of Persia, France takes
Madagascar, Ethiopian ruler Menelik crushes Italian army at Adowa, British
persuade Malay states to form federation, St. Louis MO tornado, tsunamis in
Japan
Assam India quake and Sanriku tsunami, Slavery banned in Zanzibar, New
Zealand introduces eight-hour working day and retirement pensions, Eruption in
Philippines
Utahns volunteer in Spanish American war, In China, Dowager Empress Cixi
crushes reform attempts, US annexes Hawaii, Drought and famine in India
Drought at horn of AFR, Second Boer War in S Africa begins, France proclaims
protectorate in Laos, Australian and New Zealand troops sent to Boer War
Drought at horn of AFR, Brinell tester (Metal hardness tester) invented, Buganda
E Africa ruled bu the Kabaka (king) with British advice, uprising in Asante, W
Africa, Boxer rebellion in China, Russia annexes Manchuria, Germany proposes
20 year plan to build naval fleet, Phosphate-rich Ocean Island (Oceana) annexed
by British, New Zealand annexes Cook Islands, Hurricane in Galveston Texas,
Scofield mine disaster
Britain annexes Asante, W Africa, Separation of the church and state begins 4
year run in France, Bolshevik party starts in Russia (Russian Social Revolutionary
Party), Britain gains control over Tonga’s foreign relations, Commonwealth of
Australia formed, Death of Victoria of Britain, Edward VII reigns
1902 Pelee on Martinique, Virgin Islands erupts and kills 26,000, end of second Boer
War, Treaty of Vereeniging ends second Boer War in S Africa, Anglo-Japanese
alliance reached, treaties between China, Britain, US and Japan, Ibn Saud
captures Riyadh – beginning of Saudi Arabia, votes for women introduced in
Australia, Earthquake and volcano in Guatemala City, Volcano on St. Vincent
Island, Volcano on Martinique, Volcano in Guatemala, earthquake in Ubekistan,
Mercalli invents earthquake scale
1903 Gilette invents disposable blade, Sokoto caliphate in Hausaland Africa taken over
by Britain, British viceory of India (Lord Curzon) sends expedition to Tibet,
Assassination of Alexander, king of Serbia, Scandal breaks in Belgium over rule
in Zaire – 2 years, Panama secedes from Colombia with US backing, Boundary
dispute between Alaska and Canada settled, landslide in Alberta CAN,
Gainesville GA tornado, Heppner OR flood and storm
1904 French create federation of French West Africa, Entente Cordiale between Britain
and France, Russo-Japanese War begins, Final settlement between Bolivia and
Chile after War of the Pacific, presidency of Ismael Montes of Bolivia begins –
period of social reforms, Legislative council organized in Fiji, Plague outbreak in
Bombay India 4 years, Emergency code is CQD (not SOS), Surprise attack on Pt.
Arthur starts Russo-Japanese War, US gains control of Panama Canal, Russians
retreat through Korea, Tunnel created under Hudson River, Brits defeat Tibetan
troops, Treaty between French and British, Rolls Royce company created,
Governor-General of Finland assassinated, Trans-Siberian railway created, Ice
cream cone invented, NYC subway created, Herero Wars begin in Namibia with
Oct. Massacre, 2nd Polygamist Manifesto
1905 End of separation of church and state in France, end of Beligium scandal over
Zaire, end of Russo-Japanese war, Kaiser William II visits Tangier and provokes
crisis with France, Maji-Maji rebellion in Tanzania, Japan presses Korea to sign a
treaty whereby Japan “protects” Korea, Japanese navy fights and defeats Russian
fleet at Tsushima strait, Revolution in Russia, Norway breaks away from Sweden
– elects King Haakon VII, Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan formed in
Canada, British New Guinea becomes possession of Australia – renamed Papua,
Earthquake in Italy, Earthquakes in India, Japan wins Russo-Japanese War,
“Bloody Sunday” massacre between troops and workers in St. Petersburg, Tsar
Nicholas II creates elected assembly, Russian troops lose 100,000 in five days
amid retreats, Mata Hari in Paris, Vegas founded, Togo of Japan destroys Russian
fleet, Norway and Sweden union dissolves, Connaught/Prussian princess marries
prince of Sweden, Russian mutiny, Saskatchewan and Alberta CAN established,
British Dreadnought ship revealed, triggering arms race, Tsar forced to grant
constitution, Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway, Sinn
Fein in Ireland founded for independence, Einstein publishes, Druidic rituals at
Stonehenge begins, U-Boats made
1906 SF Earthquake, Vacuum tube invented, Tripartite pact seeks to preserve integrity
of Ethiopia, Liberal government comes to power in Britain, Navy arms race
escalates in Europe, Alaska elects delegate to US Congress, Cuba occupied by US
forces after a revolt, Britain and France rule over New Hebrides in Oceana,
Florida Keys cyclone, Earthquake in Chile, Japanese earthquake, Cyclone and
1907
1908
1909
1910
storm surge in Hong Kong, earthquake off coast of Colombia, Typhoon hits Tahiti,
British launch “Dreadnought” battleship, Traian Vuia flies self-propelled aircraft,
Vesuvius erupts, Swedish riots, Irish crown jewels stolen, Hong Kong typhoon,
S.O.S. created as universal help, San Francisco segregates Japanese, Roosevelt
goes to Panama, First radio broadcast, first Tb immunizations, 2nd Geneva
convention
Bakelite plastic invented, government of Mozambique organized, Emperor
Kojong of Korea abdicated – succeeded by son Sujong, Run on US banks checked
by JP Morgan, New Zealand becomes a dominion, first elections for national
assembly in Philippines, Earthquake in Jamaica, Durma (Parliament) in Russia
opens spurring 40,000 demonstrators, Plague hits San Francisco, Korea protected
by Japan, New Zealand declared a dominion, Oklahoma made from Indian
territories, Triode amplifier improves electronics, Herero Wars end, Parliamentary
elections in Philippines
Earthquake Messina, Sicily?, Model T produced by Ford, meteor explosion over
Siberia, Belgium takes over Congo Free State, Death of Chinese empress Cixi and
the Guangxu emperor, Young Turk revolution, Carlos I of Portugal assassinated,
Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ferdinand I proclaimed emperor of
Bulgaria, Earthquake and tsunami in Sicily, end of Plague outbreak in India,
Tunguska meteor in Siberia, first Times Square ball drop, Grand Canyon made
national park, First long-distance radio broadcast from Eiffel Tower, Carlos I of
Portugal and Prince Luis shot, Japanese immigration to US outlawed, British get
new Prime Minister Herbert H. Asquith, Cooke, Peary arrive at N Pole, British hit
oil in Persia, “Amalthea” ship explodes, FBI created, Bulgaria declares
independence from Ottomans – Ferdinand I Tsar, Zionist colony in Palestine,
Qing dynasty changes emperors, Model T developed
First aircraft crossing of English channel, end of reign of Ismael Montes in
Bolivia and era of reforms, Franco-German agreement reached on Morocco,
Liberia calls on US for financial assistance, Creation of separate labor party in
New Zealand, Britain’s Peoples Budget increases taxes on wealthy, Bay City TX
cyclone, Warrington FL cyclone, Cyclone hits Mexico, Colombia recognizes
Panama’s independence, Shakleford reaches south pole, US troops withdraw from
Cuba after Spanish American War, NAACP created, “Silver Dart” in
Canada,Ham radio created, Former president Roosevelt goes on safari, Serbia
accepts Austrian control of Islamic Bosnia-Herzegovina, British radio begins
broadcasting, Halley’s Comet visible, Pearl Harbor established, Landsteiner
develops blood type grouping
Avalanche in Wellington WA – Cascade mountains, End of reign of Rama V of
Thailand after 42 years, Union of S Africa, Portuguese revolution ends monarchy,
In Australian general election Labour party under Andrew Fisher wins, Death of
Edward VII in Britain, George V reigns, Rockerfeller retires to become a
philanthropist, first sea plane created, Glacier National Park created, Halley’s
Comet Tail, South Africa created, first Zeppelin, France protests public
executions, Black boxer Jack Johnson defeats white – race riots result, “Paul
Bunyan,” Japan annexes Korea, the McNamaras arrested for bombing, Portugal
1911
1912
1913
1914
becomes a republic, Mexican revolution, Jet engine developed, Bubonic plague in
Manturia, TNT developed
End of rule of President Diaz of Mexico, Chinese rebellion against Manchus,
President Diaz of Mexico overthrown, Universal military training established in
New Zealand, House of Lords deposed as chief power and House of Commons
reigns supreme, Flooding in China, eruption in Philippines, Australia’s North
Territory created, Scots v. Russ. Shootout in London, Denmark abolishes death
penalty, Standard Oil Company monopoly declared unconstitutional, IBM
company created, German warship invades Moroccan port, Mona Lisa stolen,
French ship explodes, WuChang Uprising in China, Italy declares war on Turkey
and annexes Tripoli and Cyrenacia, Sun Yat-Sen becomes president of China
ending Qing dynasty, 1st Solvay Congress of physicists
End Meiji period of Japan, New loans to Liberia coupled with US control over
customs, French makes Morocco a protectorate at Treaty of Fez, Chinese republic
established and Sun Yat-sen first president (but warlords gain power), Taisho
period begins in Japan, Japan builds first dreadnought battleship, Balkan wars
begin, Alaska names US territory, AZ and NM names states, secret ballot and
universal suffrage in Argentina, Katmai AK eruption, Cyclone in Jamaica,
Cyclone hits Taiwan, Novarupta eruption, China officially becomes Republic of
China, Scott arrives at South Pole, Italians use airships in Turkey, Amundsen
reaches S Pole, France becomes protectorate over Morocco, Titanic, Britain
develops an air force, US Marines invade Cuba, End Meiji era in Japan and
Yoshihito becomes emperor, Chinese nationalist party develops, Balkan War
begins when Montenegro attacks Turkey, Khios independence from Ottomans,
Spain becomes protectorate over Morocco, Albania becomes independent from
Ottomans, End of first Balkan War
Drought at horn of AFR, Stainless steel invented in Britain, South African laws
preserves 87% of land to whites, China recognizes Outer Mongolia as
independent, Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore awarded Nobel Lit. prize, end of
Balkan Wars, Coup d’etat of Young Turks in Turkey, Wallis Islands becomes
French protectorate (Oceana), Foundation of United Federation of Labour and
Social Democratic party in New Zealand, Dayton OH flood, Galveston TX
cyclone, House of Lords rejects Irish independence, Romanoff 300 anniversary,
George I of Greece assassinated, Sung Chiao-Jen of Chinese nationalist party
assassinated, Balkan War – Bulgarians take Adrianople, Panama canal finished,
insane Otto of Bavaria deposed, Mohandas Gandhi arrested, assembly-line
manufacturing at Ford, Mona Lisa returned to Louvre, Greece annexes Crete
Drought begins in SW Australia, Drought at horn of AFR, Britain and France
occupy German colonies in W Africa, Assassination of heir to Austrian throne in
Sarajevo, Battle of the Marne, Battle of Tannenberg between Germans and
Russians ends in German victory, Panama canal opened, Completion of Grand
Trunk Pacific Railway in Canada, Irish Home Rule bill passed, but suspended due
to WWI, Eruption in Philippines, Tsunami hits Japan, Apr – 3000 US marines in
MEX, Hellenic holocaust in Ottoman empire, US meets with Kaiser, Archduke
Ferdinand assassinated Jun, Emperor Franz Joseph of Austro-Hungary declares
war on Serbia, Russia joins war as Serbian ally, French pacifist assassinated,
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
Germany declares war on Russia, France and Belgium, Britain declares war on
Germany, Germans stopped in France, trench warfare begun, “Christmas Truce”
Panama canal opens Aug US annexes Cyprus, Jehovah’s Witnesses predict end of
the world
Germans start submarine campaign to blockade British, Dardanelles Campaign –
British try to force passage to Constantinople, Britain annexes Gilbert and Ellice
islands in Oceana, Ottoman Turks kill one million Armenians in genocide,
Earthquake in Italy, German zeppelins over England, German blockade, Allies
begin battle for Gallipoli, U Boat sinks Lusitania, Tsar Nicholas takes command
of Russian armies, British use gas, but wind shifts, Haig becomes British
commander, Allies withdraw from Gallipoli
killer avalanches in the Alps, Boer leader Jan Smuts leads anti-German drive from
Kenya into Tanzania, British and Belgian troops take Yaounde – capital of
German Cameroon, Arab revolt against Ottoman Turks in Hijaz, Hussein
pronounces self king of Arabs, Battle of Jutland between British and Germans
ends in stalemate, Easter Uprising against British in Ireland, Hipoliti Irigoyen
becomes president of Argentina until 1922, Effort to introduce national army
conscription in Australia defeated, Easter Rising in Dublin against Dublin,
Matheson Ontario CAN fire, NY polio outbreak, Avalanche in Italian Alps,
Britain institutes the draft, Battle of Verdun results in 1 million casualties, Battle
of Somme results in 1 million casualties – British introduce the tank, David Lloyd
George names British Prime Minister, Rasputin murdered Dec 31
Deadly tornado year in US Midwest, electric drill invented, Ras Tagari becomes
regent of Ethiopia, German forces in German East Africa withstand British and
Portuguese at Mahiwa – Germans withdraw into Mozambique, Balfour
Declaration promises homeland for Jews in Palestine, British troops capture
Baghdad and Jerusalem, Sun Yat-sen struggles for leadership of Chinese republic,
October Revolution, Mexico adopts new constitution, Brazil and US declares war
on Germany, Filipino National Guard organized in Philippines, Volcano in El
Salvador, German secretary Zimmerman telegram to Mexico discovered and
translated by Brits, Germans renew sub warfare, Ysar Nicholas II abdicates, halfmillion French mutiny (“go on strike”), US draft reinstated, 3rd battle of Ypres
results in 700,000 total casualties Jul-Nov, October revolution in Nov as Lenin
overthrows Kerensky’s government, New Russian government by Trotsky, Brits
take Jerusalem from Turkish Arabs
Fire un Cloquet US (Can?), Fire in Hinckley (US/CAN), defeat of Kaiser William
II of Germany, Emir Faisal proclaims Syrian state, king in 1920, Venezuela
oilfields opened, Wilson’s 14 points, Queen Salote becomes queen of Tonga, Flu
epidemic kills more than the war, Irish republicans win seats in government and
found own parliament in Dublin, Cloquet MN fire, Red Baron killed, Czar
Nicholas II murdered, German sailors mutiny, Turks sign armistice, Kaiser
Wilhelm II abdicates, Weimar republic created, 11:00 on 11/11 armistice signed
Kelut eruption, ANC demonstrates against pass laws in Transvaal, British troops
massacre over 300 Indian civilians at Amritsar, Ernest Rutherford splits atom, US
Congress refuses to recognize League of Nations, Augusto Leguia president of
Peru – very progressive until 1930, Dry dock completed at Pearl Harbor HI, War
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
between Ireland and Britain, Corpus Christi TX cyclone, Eruption in Java, flue
pandemic, Russian Civil War, German coup suppressed, German socialists
Liebknecht, Luxemburg murdered, cenotaph unveiled in London, Wilson
collapses in exhaustion
Drought at horn of AFR for 3 years, Drought in S AFR, deadliest landslide hits
Gansu, earthquake in Gansu, Emir Faisal becomes king of Syria, British and
Indians increase settlement in Kenya, Palestine becomes British mandate, Indian
leader Gandhi launches peaceful non-cooperation movement against British rule,
US refuses to recognize League of Nations, Prohibition in US until 33, New
Zealand given mandate over Samoa, Formation of Federal Country Party in
Australia, New Zealand becomes member of League of Nations, War between
England and Ireland, Church of Wales disestablished, Earthquake in Kansu China,
US Senate fails to ratify Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations, Failure to
overthrow Weimar Republic
Insulin discovered, Abd-el-Krim leads Berbers and Arabs against Europeans in N
Africa, Lenin introduces new economic policy in Russia, Progressive president
Juan Bautista Saavedra in Bolivia begins, Australia given mandate over German
New Guinea, Anglo-Irish Treaty between Britain and Ireland, Pueblo CO storm
and flood, flood San Antonio TX, Drought hits Volga region of Russia, Russian
civil war ends, Russians spared by donations of American food
Bad year for tornadoes in US, Drought at horn of AFR, End of presidency of
Hipolito Irigoyen in Argentina, Egypt becomes independent from Britain under
King Fuad, Irish free state founded, Mussolini becomes prime minister, First
portable radio and first car radio in US, Irish Free State founded, Drought in
Volga region of Russia
Kanto Japan quake leads to 1927 economic slump, Ethiopia admitted to League of
Nations, Mustafa Kemal becomes president of Turkey, Dictatorship of Primo de
Rivera in Spain, Fire in Berkeley CA, Earthquake and fires in Tokyo
Chinese nationalist party Kuomintang holds first national conference, First British
Labour Party victory, death of Vladimir Lenin, Florence SC tornadoes, Hitler
imprisoned for sedition against Weimar republic, UT mine disaster
Deadliest tornado storms hit MO IL IN (tri-state tornado), Galveston TX
hurricane, End of struggle for power of Sun Yat-sen in China, Mussolini changes
from prime minister to dictator, Locarno Agreements between major European
powers for stability, End of presidency of Juan Bautista Saavedra in Bolivia,
Earthquake in China, Hitler released from prison
End of Taisho period in Japan, In Britain, John Logie Baird invents the television,
Panama and US agreement to protect Panama during wartime, Dover NJ lightning
storm, Miami FL cyclone, Cyclone hits Cuba, Landslide in Bosnia
Economic depression hits Japan, Kuomintang leader Chaing Kai-shek establishes
government at Nanking – Communists challenge his rule, Canberra becomes
capital of Australia, Cairo IL flood, Tornadoes Poplar Bluff MO, Earthquake in
China
Japanese troops murder military ruler of Manchuria, French begin to build
fortification – the Maginot Line – on German border, Stalin launches five-year
plan to expand industry, Fleming discovers Penicillin, Britain extends vote to
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
women over 21, Foundation of Scottish National Party, Cyclone Lake
Okeechobee FL, Cyclone in Antilles, Eruption of Mt Etna in Sicily, Great flood in
London
Stock exchange and great depression, Uprising of Mau people of Samoa against
New Zealand government, Burin peninsula CAN tsunami, earthquakes and
landslide in Anatolia Turkey, Volcano in Chile
End of dictatorship of Primo de Rivera of Spain, End of President Augusto Leguia
in Peru, White women given vote in South Africa, Ras Tafari crowned emperor of
Ethiopia and renames self Haile Selassie, First Round Table Conference between
British government and Indian parties, Getulio Vargas becomes Brazilian
president and becomes dictator until 1937
Six years of drought hit US great plains, First trans-African railroad completed
from Angola to Mozambique, Japanese occupy Chinese province of Manchuria,
Republic declared in Spain after King Alfonso XIII abdicates, Statute of
Westminster makes dominions of British empire self-governing, Foundation of
United Australia Party, Cyclone hits Belieze, flood and storm surge in 1931,
Eruption on Java, Earthquake in New Zealand
Earthquake in Gansu, Absolute rule of Thai king ends – new Thai constitution,
Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay begins, begin of US dustbowl until
1940, Marion AL tornadoes, Cyclones hit Puerto Rico, Cuba, Drought and famine
in Kiev, Earthquake in China
End of prohibition in US, Hitler appointed German chancellor by Hindenburg,
Nazis begin persecution of Jews, Peruvian president Sanchez Cherro assassinated
by an “aprista”, Australia takes control of large section of Antarctica, Long Beach
CA quake, Cyclone hits Mexico, Drought and famine in Kiev, Flooding in China,
Tsunami in Japan after 8.9 quake off coast
British colonial government of Ghana suppresses radical African critics 2 years,
Communists go on Long March through China led by Mao Zedong and Zhu Du,
Opening of British oil pipeline from Kirkuk Iraq to Tripoli Syria, Mussolini meets
Hitler, Glendale CA storm and flood, Cyclone hits El Salvador, Earthquake in
Nepal, Landslides in China, Cyclone hits Japan
End of Chaco war between Bolivia and Paraguay, Government of India Act
passes for autonomy starting 1937, US Social Security Act, Labour government
elected in New Zealand, Dodge City KS drought, Matcumbe Key FL hurricaine,
Newfoundland cyclone, Flooding in Haiti, earthquake in Pakistan, Charles Richter
invents earthquake scale
Bad year for tornadoes in US, end of British suppression of Ghana speakers,
Representation of Natives Act denies South African blacks political equality,
general strike in Syria – France grants Syria home rule, Germany invades
Rhineland region on French-Belgian border, civil war in Spain until ’39,
Arbitration Court of New Zealand fixes wages, Death of George V of England,
Edward VIII crowned and abdicates, George VI reigns, Tupelo MS tornado
8 years of droughts in SW Australia begins, last of six years of drought in US
great plains, End of dictatorship of Getulio Vargas in Brazil, India has selfautonomy, conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine, Undeclared war in
China and Japan until 1945, Eamonn de Valera becomes prime minister of Ireland,
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
US National Labor Relations Act, New Zealand National Party formed in
opposition to Labour Party, Fire in Australia, eruption in New Guinea
Conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine, Hitler compels Austria to form
union with Germany, Munich crisis – France and Britain agree to allow Hitler to
partition Czechoslovakia, Mexico takes over British and British oil companies in
Mexico, Long Island NY cyclone
Yellow River floods, end of civil war in Spain, South Africa declares war on
Germany, Stalin and Hitler agree to divide Poland, Germany invades Poland,
Robert Menzies becomes Australian prime minister, Earthquake in Chile,
Earthquake in Turkey, flood and famine in China
End of Third Republic of France, British scientists develop radar, France
surrenders to Germany, non-English speaking immigrants head to Australia,
Trotsky assassinated in Mexico City, end of US dustbowl, Earthquake in Romania
German army under Rommel attacks British in N Africa, Ethiopia liberated from
Italians by Ethiopians and British and recognized as independent, Japanese
overrun SE Asia, Jet aircraft developed in England and Germany, US Congress
passes Lend-Lease Act to fund allies, Pearl Harbor attacked, Avalanche in Peru
Cyclone hits Bengal and Bangladesh, British defeat German army at Battle of El
Alamein in Egypt, Japanese overrun SE Asia, Naval victories at Midway Island,
Cyclone in Bengal India
Germans and Italians driven from North Africa, German Sixth Army fails to
capture Stalingrad, eruption of Paracutin Venezuela
Allies invade France, First free presidential election in Guatemala, Cyclone hits
Cuba, Vesuvius eruption, Cyclone near Philippines, Tsunami hits Japan
8 years of drought in central Australia ends, World Zionist Conference calls for
Jewish state in Palestine, US builds and drops A bombs on Japan, Scottish
National Party sends first representative to parliament
Tsunami Hawaii, US bomb tested on Bikini Atoll in Marshall Islands – US and
French test nuclear devices in Pacific, Courtenay Vancouver, BC quake, Unimak
Island AK tsunami, Earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan
Transistors invented, India independence, Japan democratic constitution made,
Truman doctrine pledges aid for resisting Communism, foundation of Edinburgh
Festival, Woodward OK tornado, Iceland eruption
Flooding in Fuzhou, Afrikaner National Party wins power in S Africa, ArabIsraeli War, Marshal plan for post-war recovery through 1951, Mahatma Gandhi
assassinated in New Delhi, Free medical treatment established in Britain,
Vancouver BC flood
Khait landslide, Mao Zedong proclaims People’s Republic of China, NATO
formed, Republic of Ireland formally declared and Ireland leaves Commonwealth,
Earthquake in Ecuador, Landslide in India
“Winter of Terror” killer avalanches in the Alps, Korean War, Civil Rights
campaign increases in US, Ultrasound first used on pregnant women, Hantavirus
in S Korea, earthquakes and landslides in INdia
Lamington eruption, killer avalanches in the Alps, flooding in Manchuria,
Churchill forms peacetime government in England, End of Marshal Plan for post-
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
war recovery, Cyclone hits Jamaica, Epidemic in Brazil, Eruption in Philippines,
Eruption in New Guinea
Bad year for tornadoes in US, Mau-Mau guerrilla war against British in Kenya
until 1959, Death of George VI of England, Elizabeth II rules, Smog storm kills
thousands, Tsunami in USSR, Lynmouth Devon GBR flood
Bich invents Bic pens, Korean War ends, death of Stalin, Khrushchev in power,
DNA discovered, North Sea floods, Flint MI tornadoes, Worcester MA tornado,
Storm and flood on North Sea, Cyclone hits Vietnam, Eruption in New Zealand,
Waco TX tornado
killer avalanches in the Alps. War for independence started in Algeria until 1962,
contraceptive pill developed, Newport RI hurricane, Hurricane Hazel hits Toronto
CAN, Flooding along Texas/Mexico border, 3000 die in storm in Iran,
Avalanches in Austria, flooding in China and Tibet, Typhoon in Japan,
earthquake hits Algeria
Warsaw Pact signed, Army officers seize power from Argentinian president Peron,
Two hurricanes hit Connecticut, Hurricanes hit Mexico, Monsoon flood in India,
flood in Australia
Kimberly Coast, AUS cyclone, Suez Crisis – Britain and France attempt to regain
control, but Egypt too strong, Morocco, Tunisia and Sudan gain independence,
Soviet troops invade Hungary and quash revolt, Cyclone hits Antilles, Blizzard
and gale over France – England to Siberia, Typhoon Wanda hits China
Ghana becomes first sub-Saharan country to become independent, Sputnik
launched, Treaty of Rome ushers in EEC, Hurricane hits Cameron LA,
Earthquake hits Mexico City
Lituya Bay (AK or CAN) big tsunami, silicon chip invented, Independence for
Zaire, Nigeria, Somalia begins until 1960, Charles de Gaulle president of France,
heart pacemaker developed, Blizzard hits Allentown PA, Cholera and Smallpox in
Pakistan, Typhoon in Japan
Excavations at Olduvai gorge, Mau-Mau guerrilla war against British in Kenya
ends, Antarctic Treaty limits exploitation of Antarctica, SWRD Bandarnaike the
Sri Lankan prime minister assassinated, estimated start of AIDS in Kinshasa
Congo, Landslides hit Mexico, Lightning storm over Italy, Typhoon hits Japan,
Montana earthquake, flooding on French Riviera
Hawaiian tsunami, Quake and tsunami in Valdivia Chile, Laser invented,
Independence for French African colonies, Civil War in south Sudan and Zaire
(Belgian Congo), start of laser surgery, Hurricane in Puerto Rico, Earthquake and
tsunami in Chile, Earthquake and Tsunami in Morocco, Typhoon Lucille hits
Philippines
Independence for Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Sierra Leone, Rwanda, Burundi,
Malawi, Zambia, Lesotho, Botswana, Gambia and Swaziland (to 1967), Russian
Yuri Gagarin becomes first human in space, Berlin Wall built, female oral
contraceptive pill comes on the market, Hurricane hits Belize
Microchips invented, Freedom in Algeria, Cuban missile crisis, independence for
W Samoa, Landslide and avalanche in Peru, Drought and fire in Brazil,
Earthquake in Iran, Locusts in Kenya, Flash flood in Barcelona Spain, Flooding
and dykes broken in Germany
1963 Cyclone hits Bengal and Bangladesh, Organization for African Unity founded,
Kennedy assassinated, Hurricane hits Cuba, Landslide in Italy, Earthquake in
Yugoslavia (Macedonia), Cyclone hits E Pakistan (Bangladesh), Volcano in
Indonesia, Dam bursts and flooding in Italian Alps
1964 Earthquake and tsunami in Anchorage AK, Flooding hits Mekong delta, Arab
leaders set up the PLO, Brezhnev takes over from Khrushchev, US Civil Rights
Act bans racial discrimination, chemotherapy used to treat cancer, Hurricane hits
Haiti, Storm and flood in E Pakistan (Bangladesh), Typhoon hits Philippines,
Flood in Japan
1965 Cyclone hits Bengal and Bangladesh, White regime in Zimbabwe declares
independence, Vietnam War begins, Malcolm X assassinated in New York,
tornadoes hit Indianapolis IN, Skeena Mountains get avalanche in BC CAN,
Cyclone hits E Pakistan (Bangladesh), eruption in Philippines
1966 Landslide in Rio, Indira Gandhi becomes prime minister of India, beginning of
China’s cultural revolution, First woman Scottish National Party representative,
First Welsh National Party candidate wins seat at Westminster, Hurricane hits
Haiti, Landslide in Rio de Janeiro Brazil, Storm kills 230 in Aegean sea, Flood in
Florence ITA, Landslide in S Wales
1967 Independence for Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Sierra Leone, Rwanda, Burundi,
Malawi, Zambia, Lesotho, Botswana, Gambia and Swaziland, Biafran War begins
in Nigeria along with three year famine, Six Day War between Israel and Arabs,
first successful heart transplant, Volcano in Iceland, Fire in Australia
1968 Students riot in Paris, Czechoslovakia tries to initiate reforms in “Prague Spring”
but is crushed, Robert F. Kennedy assassinated in L.A., Martin Luther King Jr.
Assassinated in Memphis, Civil Rights Campaign leads to violence in Ireland,
earthquake in N Iran, major storm “Wind of the Century” in Scotland, flooding in
India
1969 US astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin land on the moon,
British troops attempt to restore order in N Ireland, Landslides in LA CA, Famine
begins in Mali AFR 5 years, Storm in Tunis AFR
1970 Deadliest cyclone hits Bangladesh, end of Biafran War in Nigeria and famine,
severe droughts on edge of deserts of Africa, Khmer Rouge forces take over
Cambodia, Tonga and Fiji gain independence from Britain, Chimbote Peru quake,
two cyclones hit Philippines, cyclone hits E Pakistan (Bangladesh), Earthquake in
China
1971 Bangladesh independence, Avalanche in Lima Peru, Typhoon hits Hong Kong,
Cyclone hits Australia
1972 Begin major drought in Sahel (13 years?), “Bloody Sunday” in Londonderry
Ireland as troops fire on civil rights marchers, Northern Ireland parliament
suspended and direct rule introduced, Flash floods in Rapid City SD, Hurricane
Agnes hits Wilmington, DE, Earthquake in Nicaragua, Storms in Mexico, Quake
in Iran, Flooding in Punjab India, Tornadoes in Bangladesh, Drought in India,
Flooding in S Korea
1973 Yom Kippur War cuts oil production in middle east, starts economic crisis,
Chilean president Allende killed in coup, British and Ireland join European
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
Community, Icelandic Heimaey splits open and erupts, Earthquake in Mexico,
Eruption on Iceland
Fire season begins in central Australia, deadly tornado year in US Midwest,
Huancavelica landslide (Americas), Nixon resigns after Watergate, Cyclone Tracy
hits Australia, Hurricane in Honduras, Flood in Brazil, end of famine in Mali,
storm on English Channel, Earthquake in Kashmir India, Cyclone hits Darwin
Australia
Terrible fire season in central Australia ends, totally disposable razor invented,
End of Vietnam War, Nigeria becomes leading oil producer in Africa,
Revolutionary regime in Ethiopia until 1991, Angola and Mozambique gain
independence from Portugal, Khmer Rouge takes over Cambodia – rename Year
Zero, Papua New Guines gains independence from Australia, Political crisis in
Australia as appointed governor-general deposes elected body, Asian immigration
to Australia increases sharply, Earthquake in Liaoning China predicted by strange
animal behaviors
Earthquake hits Tangshan killing 242,000, schoolchildren spark uprisings in
Soweto, S Africa, Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong die- fall of “Gang of Four”,
Helsinki convention of Human Rights adopted, Big Thomson River flood in
Colorado, Earthquake in Guatemala, emergence of Ebola in Africa, Tsunami hits
Philippines, Earthquake in China
Eruption of Nyiragongo in AFR, 240 Czech intellectuals sign charter stating
freedoms denied, Johnstown PA flood, Rift Valley Fever emerges in Egypt,
volcano erupts in Zaire
Camp David Summit between Israel and Egypt, first “test-tube” baby born in
England, Earthquake in Iran
Tsunami in San Juan (Colombia?), Chungar (Peru?) Landslide, Voyager Probe
launched, Ayatollah Khomeini adopts Islamic constitution for Iran, Soviets invade
Afghanistan to support communists, Britain elects first female Prime Minister
Margaret Thatcher, Sandinistas take power in Nicaragua, Smallpox eradicated,
Park Chung Hee- S Korean president assassinated, hurricane in Lesser Antilles,
deadly tornado in Wichita Falls KS
Eruption at Mt. St. Helens, landslide in Darjeeling, Zimbabwe independent after
guerrilla war, Iran-Iraq War breaks out, Solidarity Union formed in Poland,
Quebec narrowly votes to stay in Canada, Civil war in El Salvador until 1992,
Malaria outbreak in Madagascar, Earthquake in Italy
Landslide in Sichuan, Start of drought of Ethiopia until 1985, major storm in S
Africa
Compact Discs invented, Israeli forces invade Lebanon, Falklands War between
Argentina and Britain, Mexico fails to repay foreign loans, resulting in national
financial crisis, Volcano in Mexico, Earthquake in Yemen
Drought in S AFR, Conflict in Sudan – over 1.5 million die, Argentina reverts to
civilian rule and Alfonsin elected president, Ash Wednesday Fire in Australia,
Tsunami in Japan, Ash Wednesday fire in Australia
Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi assassinated by Sikhs, New Zealand
declared Nuclear Free Zone, Mauna Loa eruption, Ethiopian drought
1985 End major drought in Sahel, Mikhail Gorbachev elected and introduces reforms,
Treaty of Raratonga sets up nuclear-free zone in Pacific, Earthquake in Mexico
City, eruption of Nevado Del Ruiz in Colombia, end of Ethiopian drought, Cote
D’Azur fire in France, Ethiopian drought, Tuberculosis hits Thailand
1986 Nuclear power plant disaster at Chernobyl, Volcano in Cameroon Africa, New
Zealand eruption
1987 Fire in Manchuria, fire in Borneo, Saragosa TX tornado, Landslide in Colombia,
“Great Storm” in Kent, England
1988 Cease fire in Iran-Iraq War, Spitak Armenia quake kills 100,000, Yellowstone fire,
Hurricane in Jamaica, flood in Khartoum, Sudan, Meningitis outbreak in Chad
AFR, Flooding in Bangladesh, Earthquake in Nepal
1989 Loma Prieta CA Quake, mass demonstrations for democracy in Tiananmen
Square end in massacre, Berlin Wall deconstructed, US soldiers invade Panama
and depose leader, geomagnetic storm plunges Montreal CAN into darkness,
Earthquake in Australia
1990 Namibia gets independence, Civil war in Liberia, Nelson Mandela freed in S
Africa and apartheid starts to be dismantled, Iraq invades Kuwait, starting Gulf
War, E and W Germany unified, Solidarity party’s Lech Walesa elected president
of Poland, Margaret Thatcher loses power in Britain, Sandinistas defeated in
Nicaraguan elections, Aristide elected president of Haiti until 2004, Earthquake in
N Iran kills 45,000, also landslide, earthquake in Philippines, flood in Australia
1991 Channel Tunnel meets, end of revolutionary regime in Ethiopia, Allied forces
liberate Kuwait, Breakup of Soviet Union, resignation of Gorbachev and Yeltsin
takes power, Yugoslavia breaks up into civil war, Eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in
Philippines, Cyclone 2B hits Bangladesh, Yangtze River floods in China, Kilauea
HI erupts, Earthquake in Costa Rica, earthquake and avalanche in French Alps,
earthquake in Afghanistan, Mt. Pinatubo erupts in Philippines, cyclone hits
Bangladesh, earthquake in India, flooding in China, Unzen volcano eruption in
Japan
1992 Florida hurricanes including Hurricane Andrew, Drought in S AFR, Lexus
developed by Toyota, End of civil War in El Salvador, UN Earth Summit held in
Rio de Janeiro, BRA, Gomeç Turkey avalanche, plague of locusts in Africa,
drought in Zimbabwe, Earthquake in Turkey, Storm in France
1993 Mayon eruption, Drought at horn of AFR, Drought in S AFR, fire hits Sumatra,
Fire in Borneo, Eritrea breaks from Ethiopia, Israelis and Palestinians sign Oslo
Peace Accords, Aboriginals win land rights in Australia, Storm of the Century in
Eastern US, Mississippi River floods, Flooding in Argentina, Earthquake in India,
flooding in Nepal, Tsunami hits Japan, Earthquake in New Guinea
1994 Northridge, Los Angeles CA quake, Drought at horn of AFR, African National
Congress wins multiracial elections in S Africa, Genocide in Rwanda after Hutus
assassinate president and 750,000 Tutsis, Drought and fire in Australia
1995 Kobe Japan earthquake, Popocatepetl begins erupting (MEX), Eruption and
mudflow at Nevado del Ruiz, Earthquake and tsunami in south Peru, Itzhak Rabin
of Israel assassinated, eruption of Mount Sakurajima in Japan, Cholera outbreak
in Peru, Kobe earthquake in Japan, earthquake in Russia
1996 Volcano and flood in Iceland, tornado in Bangladesh
1997 End of 2 years of eruptions for MEX Popocatepetl, Mobutu deposed in Zaire after
32 year rule, Jenny Shipley becomes Prime Minister of New Zealand, Hong Kong
returned to China, tornado in Jarrell Texas, Major storm in Denver CO, Hurricane
in Mexico, Volcano in lesser Antilles, Locusts in Mauritania NW AFR, flood in
Somalia, flood in Eritrea AFR, Earthquake in Italy, Flood in Spain, Flood in
Poland, Cyclone in Bangladesh, Typhoon in S Vietnam, “Bird Flu” in Hong Kong,
flood in India, Fire in Australia, Drought and freeze in New Guinea, landslide and
avalanche in Australia
1998 Hurricane in Honduras and Nicaragua, fire in the Amazon, Good Friday Peace
Agreement in N Ireland, Good Friday Agreement aims at peace in N Ireland, Ice
storm in Montreal CAN, Sanford FL tornadoes, Flooding in Peru, flood in Kenya,
earthquake in Afghanistan, Earthquake in China, Flood in Australia, tsunami in
Papua New Guinea, flood in Bangladesh
1999 Mudslide in El Tololar, earthquake in Colombia, Macao – last European colony in
Asia reverts to Chinese rule, Bill Clinton survives congressional impeachment,
Australia rejects proposal to become a republic, Scottish Parliament set up in
Edinburgh, Welsh Assembly set up at Cardiff, Avalanche in Austrian Alps,
Oklahoma tornado
2000 UN sets agenda for new millennium at NY Summit meeting, Sydney hosts
successful Olympic games
2001 Earthquake in Olympia region WA, Earthquake and tsunami in south Peru,
Gujarat earthquake, US invades Afghanistan and ousts Taliban regime, US rejects
Kyoto warming agreements, al-Qaeda terrorists attack World Trade Center
2002 Blacks seize white-owned farms in Zimbabwe, East Timor gains independence
from Indonesia
2003 US and Britain invade Iraq and topple Saddam Hussein, mapping of entire human
genome complete
2004 European Union expands to 25 members, President Aristide of Haiti deposed,
earthquake in Bam, S Iran kills over 40,000
2006 Church membership reaches 12,868,606, 124 temples in operation 123
Sacramento CA 124 Helsinki Finland
2007 Virginia Tech massacre, British prime minister Tony Blair steps down, flooding
in Britain, Bridge collapses in MN, 5 Utah miners trapped