PC12 Doc. 10.1
Annex
Prop. 12.xx
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II
Other proposals
A.
Proposal
To annotate Orchidaceae in Appendix II to exclude artificially propagated specimens of the following
genera:
Cattleya
Cymbidium
Dendrobium
Oncidium
Phalaenopsis
Vanda
B.
Interspecific hybrids within the genus and intergeneric hybrids
Interspecific hybrids within the genus and intergeneric hybrids
Interspecific hybrids within the genus known in horticulture as "nobile-types" and
"Phalaenopsis-types," both of which are clearly recognizable by commercial growers
and hobbyists
Interspecific hybrids within the genus and intergeneric hybrids
Interspecific hybrids within the genus and intergeneric hybrids
Interspecific hybrids within the genus and intergeneric hybrids
Proponent
[to be determined]
C.
Supporting Statement
1.
Taxonomy
1.1 Class
Monocotyledonae
1.2 Order
Orchidales
1.3 Family
Orchidaceae
1.4 Genera
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.4.5
1.4.6
1.5 Scientific synonyms
See Annex 1 for names of intergeneric hybrids.
1.6 Common names**
English:
**
2.
Cattleya Lindl. hybrids (approximately 30,000 man-made interspecific and
intergeneric hybrids; Annex 1)
Cymbidium Sw. (approximately 11,000 man-made interspecific and
intergeneric hybrids; Annex 1)
Dendrobium nobile
Lindl. and
Dendrobium
bigibbum
Lindl.
[=D. Phalaenopsis Fitzg.] (thousands of man-made hybrids known in trade
as "nobile-type" and "phalaenopsis-type" dendrobiums)
Oncidium Sw. (approximately 4,000 man-made hybrids)
Phalaenopsis Blume (over 22,000 man-made hybrids)
Vanda Jones (approximately 6,000 man-made hybrids)
Dancing lady orchid (Oncidium)
Moth orchid (Phalaenopsis)
Many orchids do not have common names and are usually traded under their scientific names
Biological Parameters
These parameters are not relevant for this proposal, since it does not refer to wild-collected specimens, or
even to naturally occurring entities in most cases (i.e., except for natural hybrids, which may also be
artificially produced in cultivation).
PC12 Doc. 10.1 – p. 3
This proposal is made in accordance with the provisions of paragraph f) under the second RESOLVES in
Resolution Conf. 9.24:
"[S]pecies of which all specimens in trade have been bred in captivity or artificially propagated should
not be included in the Appendices if there is no probability of trade taking place in specimens of wild
origin:"
as well as in accordance with the provisions of paragraph a) under DETERMINES in the section of
Resolution Conf. 11.11 Regarding hybrids:
"[H]ybrids shall be subject to the provisions of the Convention even though not specifically included in
the Appendices if one or both of their parents are of taxa included in the Appendices, unless the
hybrids are excluded from CITES controls by a specific annotation in Appendix II or III (see annotation
°608 in the Interpretation of Appendices I and II)."
3.
Utilization and Trade
3.1 National utilization
A country-by-country account of national utilization of these hybrids would not be meaningful because
they are not natural entities and they are traded worldwide.
3.2 Legal international trade
Data from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre for the years 1980 to 1998 (the most recent
year for which data were available) show an increasing number of artificially propagated specimens,
including an increasing percentage, make up the total recorded legal trade. Of the tens of millions of
orchids traded annually, approximately 95% or more are artificially propagated (see Annex 2). At the
same time, the total numbers of wild-collected plants in trade appear to be declining (see Annex 3),
although it is difficult to make such a statement with certainty due to the potential for recent years’
data to be incomplete.
3.3 Illegal trade
Artificially propagated hybrid specimens of these genera are illegally traded, although deliberate
efforts to smuggle orchids generally involve species. Illegal trade of hybrids often consists of small
numbers of specimens by hobbyists who are unaware of documentation requirements. Commercial
growers are usually aware of the requirements for permits or certificates and obtain them as needed,
although occasional irregularities occur. The majority of these artificially propagated hybrids are
complex interspecific or intergeneric hybrids several generations removed from the original species
used to create them, with their origins pre-dating the Convention.
3.4 Actual or potential trade impacts
Concern over the impact of trade is not related to these entities, but to the naturally occurring species
within these genera. Exempting artificially propagated hybrids may be harmful to wild populations if
wild-collected specimens of these genera are misrepresented in trade as artificially propagated
hybrids.
PC12 Doc. 10.1 – p. 4
3.5 Captive breeding or artificial propagation for commercial purposes (outside country of origin)
Artificially propagated specimens of these six genera (Cattleya, Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Oncidium,
Phalaenopsis and Vanda) are represented by over 80,000 hybrid gregi (plural of grex, the term used
for the progeny resulting from a cross of two particular parental plants; number as of December 2001)
and constitute by far the largest component of international commercial orchid trade. Breeding in
these six genera has occurred since hybridization began in the orchid family in the middle of the 19th
Century. A Cattleya hybrid was the first interspecific hybrid recorded, ca. 1850, though it was not the
first to flower. Since 1922, when Lewis Knudson introduced asymbiotic seed culture for orchids, their
hybridization has exploded, with over 110,000 hybrid gregi registered by the end of 2000. Seed
culture, while still a vital part of large-scale commercial orchid production–particularly in
Phalaenopsis, by far the leader in numbers of plants produced–tissue culture or cloning
(meristemming) of popular cultivars has enabled the global market to grow at an exponential rate.
The phenomenal growth rate of the global orchid trade, as evidenced by trade figures, has been
fueled by several factors. These include: an increase in popularity and the realization by consumers
that orchids are affordable and amenable to home culture; technological improvements in orchid
culture, which enable plants to be grown in greater quantities, faster, and therefore at a lower cost;
improved transport from lower-cost production areas to distant markets where production is less costeffective; and improved communication between producer countries and consumer countries, where
higher prices can be obtained by superior marketing.
Major producing nations include Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Netherlands, the
Philippines, Thailand, and the United States of America. Increasing demand in developed nations
provides the opportunity for the development of export markets by other developing nations in
Southeast Asia and Latin America.
4.
Conservation and Management
4.1 Legal status
Artificially propagated hybrids may be subject to legal controls at the national level to effect the
protection of species. These hybrids currently require CITES export documents to ensure that their
export is both legal and not detrimental to their parent species.
4.2 Species management
Not relevant for this proposal.
4.3 Control measures
Artificially propagated hybrids of Cattleya, Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Oncidium, Phalaenopsis, and
Vanda can be distinguished from wild specimens by the following characteristics:
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.
the plants are traded in large volumes by traders who specialize in mass-marketed pot plants;
specimens of the same taxon are highly uniform in size and form, especially within a
shipment;
specimens are generally free of pests, disease, and damage;
specimens are typically grown in pots and often will have roots conforming to the shape of the
pot in which they were grown;
prices of these plants are typically low and consistent within taxa;
artificially propagated hybrids will often be exported in large volumes from countries that do
not include the natural range of the parent species, although this is not exclusively the case.
Information on Similar Species
This proposal only relates to artificially propagated hybrid plants of the specified six genera, all of which are
relatively easy to identify to genus or type. The artificially propagated hybrids of these genera may be
confused in trade with their parent species (congeners) due to similarity of appearance.
6.
Other Comments
PC12 Doc. 10.1 – p. 5
6.1 General
This proposal was developed as a consequence of a review of the listing of the Orchidaceae, which
was begun at the Tenth Meeting of the Plants Committee in Shepherdstown, United States of
America, by a Working Group, with the assistance of the Secretariat. At the Eleventh Meeting of the
Plants Committee, in Langkawi, Malaysia, it was determined that a thorough review of all
Orchidaceae was not practicable, due to limited resources and the enormity of the task. However, to
make the listing of Orchidaceae more effective, it was agreed that another Working Group would
investigate the feasibility of annotating the selected genera covered by this proposal to exempt their
artificially propagated hybrids from CITES controls. Such an annotation is intended to create an
incentive for trade in artificially propagated specimens, by eliminating the need for CITES permits, as
a preferred alternative to trade in wild-collected specimens for which trade impacts are not precisely
known. In addition, removing artificially propagated specimens from CITES controls should
significantly reduce the workload of permit-issuing authorities so that they may concentrate their
efforts on specimens requiring closer scrutiny. However, this annotation will place a burden of
responsibility on inspection officials to ensure that specimens qualify for the exemption, and additional
mechanisms may need to be considered for such an exemption to be workable.
7.
Additional Remarks
[Include information on consultation with range countries and indications of support and/or opposition to
the proposal.]
8.
References
Bechtel, H., P. Cribb, and E. Launert. 1992. The Manual of Cultivated Orchid Species, Third Edition. The
MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Dressler, R. L. 1993. Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family. Dioscorides Press, Hong Kong.
Wildcatt Database Co. 2001. Wildcatt Orchids: An Orchid Database (CD-ROM). Wildcatt Database Co.,
Ames, Iowa.
PC12 Doc. 10.1 – p. 6
Prop. 12.xx
Annex 1
Names of intergeneric hybrids involving the six natural genera of Cattleya, Cymbidium, Dendrobium,
Oncidium, Phalaenopsis, and Vanda. The total number of registered hybrids for these groups was
80,318 in December 2001.
Cattleya hybrids and intergeneric hybrids involving Cattleya.
Total number of hybrids in this group: approximately 29,000
Hybrid name
Allenara
Arizara
Bishopara
Brassocattleya
Brassolaeliocattleya
Brownara
Buiara
Cattkeria
Cattlassia
Cattleya
Cattleytonia
Cattotes
Clarkeara
Cookara
Dekensara
Diacattleya
Dialaeliocattleya
Epicatonia
Epicattleya
Epilaeliocattleya
Estelaara
Fergusonara
Fialaara
Fordyceara
Fujiwarara
Gladysyeeara
Abbreviation
Alna
Ariz
Bish
Bc
Blc
Bwna
Bui
Cka
Cas
C
Ctna
Ctts
Clka
Cook
Dek
Diaca
Dialc
Epctn
Epc
Eplc
Esta
Ferg
Fia
Fdca
Fjw
Glya
Hasegawaara
Hattoriara
Hawkesara
Hawkinsara
Herbertara
Higashiara
Hookerara
Iacovielloara
Iwanagara
Izumiara
Jewellara
Johnyeeara
Hasgw
Hatt
Hwkra
Hknsa
Hbtr
Hgsh
Hook
Icvl
Iwan
Izma
Jwa
Jya
Kawamotoara
Kirchara
Kraussara
Laeliocatonia
Laeliocattkeria
Laeliocattleya
Laeliopleya
Lyonara
Kwmta
Kir
Krsa
Lctna
Lcka
Lc
Lpya
Lyon
Genera used
Cattley x Diacrium x Epidendrum x Laelia
Cattleya x Dga x Epidendrum
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Sophronitis
Brassavola x Cattleya
Brassavola x Cattleya x Laelia
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Diacrium
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Epidendrum x Laelia x Sophronitis
Barkeria x Cattleya
Brassia x Cattleya
Cattleya x Cattleya
Broughtonia x Cattleya
Cattleya x Leptotes
Brassavola x Cattleya x Diacrium x Laelia x Sophronitis
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Diacrium x Laelia
Brassavola x Cattleya x Schomburgkia
Cattleya x Diacrium
Cattleya x Diacrium x Laelia
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Epidendrumdendrum
Cattleya x Epidendrum
Cattleya x Epidendrum x Laelia
Brassavola x Cattleya x Epidendrum x Tetramicra
Brassavola x Cattleya x Laelia x Schomburgkia x Sophronitis
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Laelia x Lps
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Lps x Tetramicra
Brassavola x Cattleya x Lps
Brassavola x Broughtonia x Cattleya x Ctps x Diacrium x
Epidendrum x Laelia x Sophronitis
Brassavola x Broughtonia x Cattleya x Laelia x Sophronitis
Brassavola x Broughtonia x Cattleya x Epidendrum x Laelia
Cattleya x Ctps x Epidendrum
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Laelia x Sophronitis
Cattleya x Laelia x Schomburgkia x Sophronitis
Cattleya x Diacrium x Laelia x Sophronitis
Brassavola x Cattleya x Diacrium
Brassavola x Cattleya x Diacrium x Epidendrum x Laelia
Brassavola x Cattleya x Diacrium x Laelia
Cattleya x Epidendrum x Laelia x Schomburgkia x Sophronitis
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Epidendrum x Laelia
Brassavola x Cattleya x Epidendrum x Laelia x Schomburgkia x
Sophronitis
Brassavola x Cattleya x Dga x Epidendrum x Laelia
Cattleya x Epidendrum x Laelia x Sophronitis
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Diacrium x Lps
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Laelia
Barkeria x Cattleya x Laelia
Cattleya x Laelia
Cattleya x Lps
Cattleya x Laelia x Sophronitis
PC12 Doc. 10.1 – p. 7
Hybrid name
Mailamaiara
Matsudaara
Maymoirara
Mizutara
Mooreara
Abbreviation
Mai
Msda
Mymra
Miz
Mora
Northenara
Opsiscattleya
Osmentara
Otaara
Potinara
Recchara
Rolfeara
Rothara
Sakabaara
Sallyyeeara
Nrna
Opsct
Osmt
Otr
Pot
Recc
Rolf
Roth
Skba
Sya
Schombocatonia
Schombocattleya
Scullyara
Sophrocattleya
Sophrolaeliocattleya
Stacyara
Stellamizutaara
Susanperreiraara
Symmonsara
Tetracattleya
Trisuloara
Smbcna
Smbc
Scu
Sc
Slc
Stac
Stlma
Sprra
Syma
Ttct
Tsla
Tuckerara
Turnbowara
Vacherotara
Tuck
Tbwa
Vach
Vaughnara
Vejvarutara
Westara
Wilburchangara
Yahiroara
Yamadara
Yeeara
Vnra
Vja
Wsta
Wbchg
Yhra
Yam
Yra
Genera used
Cattleya x Diacrium x Laelia x Schomburgkia
Barkeria x Cattleya x Laelia x Sophronitis
Cattleya x Epidendrum x Lps
Cattleya x Diacrium x Schomburgkia
Brassavola x Broughtonia x Cattleya x Laelia x Schomburgkia x
Sophronitis
Cattleya x Epidendrum x Laelia x Schomburgkia
Cattleya x Ctps
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Lps
Brassavola x Broughtonia x Cattleya x Laelia
Brassavola x Cattleya x Laelia x Sophronitis
Brassavola x Cattleya x Laelia x Schomburgkia
Brassavola x Cattleya x Sophronitis
Brassavola x Cattleya x Epidendrum x Laelia x Sophronitis
Brassavola x Broughtonia x Cattleya x Diacrium x Laelia
Brassavola x Broughtonia x Cattleya x Ctps x Diacrium x
Epidendrum x Laelia x Schomburgkia x Sophronitis
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Schomburgkia
Cattleya x Schomburgkia
Cattleya x Epidendrum x Schomburgkia
Cattleya x Sophronitis
Cattleya x Laelia x Sophronitis
Cattleya x Epidendrum x Sophronitis
Brassavola x Broughtonia x Cattleya
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Tetramicra
Brassavola x Cattleya x Epidendrum x Schomburgkia
Cattleya x Tetramicra
Barkeria x Brassavola x Cattleya x Epidendrum x Laelia x
Sophronitis
Cattleya x Diacrium x Epidendrum
Barkeria x Broughtonia x Cattleya
Brassavola x Broughtonia x Cattleya x Epidendrum x Laelia x
Sophronitis
Brassavola x Cattleya x Epidendrum
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Ctps
Brassavola x Broughtonia x Cattleya x Laelia x Schomburgkia
Broughtonia x Cattleya x Epidendrum x Schomburgkia
Brassavola x Cattleya x Epidendrum x Laelia x Schomburgkia
Brassavola x Cattleya x Epidendrum x Laelia
Brassavola x Broughtonia x Cattleya x Epidendrum x Laelia x
Schomburgkia x Sophronitis
PC12 Doc. 10.1 – p. 8
Vanda hybrids and intergeneric hybrids involving Vanda.
Total number of hybrids in this group: approximately 6,000
Hybrid name
Aeridovanda
Aeridovanisia
Alphonsoara
Andrewara
Aranda
Ascocenda
Ascovandoritis
Bogardara
Bokchoonara
Bovornara
Burkillara
Charlieara
Christieara
Chuatianara
Darwinara
Debruyneara
Devereuxara
Eastonara
Engkhiamara
Fujioara
Goffara
Hagerara
Hawaiiara
Himoriara
Holttumara
Isaoara
Joannara
Kagawara
Kippenara
Knappara
Knudsonara
Laipenchihara
Leaneyara
Leeara
Lewisara
Luisanda
Luivanetia
Maccoyara
Macekara
Meechaiara
Micholitzara
Moirara
Mokara
Nakamotoara
Nobleara
Okaara
Onoara
Opsisanda
Pageara
Pantapaara
Paulara
Pehara
Perreiraara
Phalaerianda
Abbreviation
Aerdv
Aervsa
Alph
Andw
Aranda
Asco
Asvts
Bgd
Bkch
Bov
Burk
Charl
Chtra
Chtn
Dar
Dbra
Dvra
Eas
Ekma
Fjo
Gfa
Hgra
Haw
Hmra
Holtt
Isr
Jnna
Kgw
Kpa
Knp
Knud
Lpca
Lnya
Leeara
Lwsra
Lsnd
Lvta
Mcyra
Maka
Mchr
Mchza
Moir
Mkra
Nak
Nlra
Okr
Onra
Opsis
Pga
Pntp
Plra
Peh
Prra
Phda
Genera used
Aerides x Vanda
Aerides x Lsa x Vanda
Arachnis x Ascocentrum x Vanda x Vandopsis
Arachnis x Renanthera x Trichoglottis x Vanda
Arachnis x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Doritis x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Arachnis x Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Arachnis x Ascocentrum x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Aerides x Arachnis x Vanda
Rhyncostylis x Vanda x Vandopsis
Aerides x Ascocentrum x Vanda
Neofinetia x Renanthera x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Neofinetia x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Lsa x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Gchls x Vanda
Aerides x Arachnis x Ascocentrum x Renanthera x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Trichoglottis x Vanda
Lsa x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Renanthera x Vanda x Vandopsis
Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Arachnis x Renanthera x Vanda
Aerides x Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Renanthera x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Renanthera x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Doritis x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Rhyncostylis x Vanda x Vandopsis
Ascocentrum x Neofinetia x Renanthera x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Doritis x Neofinetia x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Rhyncostylis x Sarcochilus x Vanda
Arachnis x Vanda x Vandopsis
Aerides x Arachnis x Ascocentrum x Vanda
Lsa x Vanda
Lsa x Neofinetia x V
Aerides x Vanda x Vandopsis
Arachnis x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vanda x Vandopsis
Ascocentrum x Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Aerides x Ascocentrum x Neofinetia x Vanda
Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vanda
Arachnis x Ascocentrum x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Neofinetia x Vanda
Aerides x Renanthera x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Renanthera x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Renanthera x Vanda x Vandopsis
Vanda x Vandopsis
Ascocentrum x Lsa x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Ascgm x Renanthera x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vanda
Aerides x Arachnis x Vanda x Vandopsis
Aerides x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Aerides x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
PC12 Doc. 10.1 – p. 9
Hybrid name
Porterara
Raganara
Ramasamyara
Renafinanda
Renanda
Renantanda
Rhynchovanda
Ridleyara
Robinara
Ronnyara
Sanjumeara
Saplalaara
Sarcovanda
Shigeuraara
Stamariaara
Sutingara
Tanara
Teohara
Trevorara
Trichovanda
Vancampe
Vanda
Vandaenopsis
Vandaeranthes
Vandewegheara
Vandofinetia
Vandofinides
Vandoritis
Vanglossum
Vascostylis
Viraphandhuara
Wailaiara
Waironara
Wilkinsara
Yapara
Yeepengara
Yonezawaara
Yusofara
Abbreviation
Prta
Rgn
Rmsya
Rfnda
Rnnd
Rntda
Rhv
Ridl
Rbnra
Rnya
Sjma
Spla
Srv
Shgra
Stmra
Sut
Tanara
Thra
Trev
Trcv
Vcp
V
Vdnps
Vths
Vwga
Vf
Vfds
Vdts
Vgm
Vasco
Vpda
Wlra
Wrna
Wknsra
Yap
Ypga
Yzwr
Ysfra
Genera used
Rhyncostylis x Sarcochilus x Vanda
Renanthera x Trichoglottis x Vanda
Arachnis x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Neofinetia x Renanthera x Vanda
Arachnis x Renanthera x Vanda
Renanthera x Vanda
Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Arachnis x Trichoglottis x Vanda
Aerides x Ascocentrum x Renanthera x Vanda
Aerides x Ascocentrum x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Aerides x Neofinetia x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Renanthera x Rhyncostylis x Vanda x Vandopsis
Sarcochilus x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Ascgm x Renanthera x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vanda
Arachnis x Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vanda x Vandopsis
Aerides x Ascocentrum x Renanthera x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Arachnis x Renanthera x Vanda x Vandopsis
Arachnis x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Trichoglottis x Vanda
Acampe x Vanda
Vanda x Vanda
Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Aeridesth x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Neofinetia x Vanda
Aerides x Neofinetia x Vanda
Doritis x Vanda
Ascgm x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Aerides x Ascocentrum x Neofinetia x Vanda
Aerides x Arachnis x Ascocentrum x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Aerides x Renanthera x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Vanda x Vandopsis
Phalaenopsis x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Aerides x Phalaenopsis x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Neofinetia x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Arachnis x Ascocentrum x Renanthera x Vanda
PC12 Doc. 10.1 – p. 10
Oncidium hybrids and intergeneric hybrids involving Oncidium.
Total number of hybrids in this group: approximately 4,000
Hybrid name
Adacidium
Alexanderara
Aliceara
Aspasium
Bakerara
Baldwinara
Baptistocidium
Barbosaara
Baumannara
Brassidium
Brilliandeara
Abbreviation
Adcm
Alxra
Alcra
Aspsm
Bak
Bdwna
Btcm
Bbra
Bmnra
Brassiadm
Brlda
Burkhardtara
Burrageara
Campbellara
Carpenterara
Charlesworthara
Colmanara
Crawshayara
Dunningara
Eliara
Eryidium
Georgeblackara
Goodaleara
Howeara
Ionocidium
Johnkellyara
Kriegerara
Leocidium
Leocidmesa
Leocidpasia
Liebmanara
Lockcidium
Lockcidmesa
Maclellanara
Maunderara
Miltonidium
Miltonidium
Norwoodara
Notylidium
Odontocidium
Oncidandra
Oncidenia
Oncidesa
Oncidettia
Oncidiella
Oncidioda
Oncidium
Oncidpilia
Ornithocidium
Pettitara
Rehfieldara
Richardsonara
Rodricidium
Bktra
Burr
Cmpba
Cptra
Cha
Colm
Craw
Dngra
Eliara
Erdm
Gbka
Gdlra
Hwra
Incdm
Jkl
Kgra
Lcdm
Lcmsa
Lcdpa
Lieb
Lkcdm
Lkda
Mclna
Mnda
Mtadm
Mtdm
Nwda
Ntldm
Odcdm
Ora
Oncidiumna
Oncidiumsa
Oncidiumtta
Oncidiumlla
Oncidiumda
Onc
Oncidiumpa
Orncm
Pett
Rfda
Rchna
Rdcm
Genera used
Ada x Oncidium
Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Brassia x Miltonia x Oncidium
Aspasia x Oncidium
Brassia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Aspasia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Baptistonia x Oncidium
Cochlioda x Gomesa x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Comparettia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Brassia x Oncidium
Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x
Oncidium
Lchs x Odontoglossum x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Odontoglossum x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
Baptistonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Cochlioda x Miltonia x Oncidium
Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Aspasia x Miltonia x Oncidium
Brassia x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
Ercn x Oncidium
Comparettia x Lchs x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Lchs x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
Ionopsis x Oncidium
Brassia x Lchs x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
Ada x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Lchs x Oncidium
Gomesa x Lchs x Oncidium
Aspasia x Lchs x Oncidium
Aspasia x Cochlioda x Oncidium
Lockhartia x Oncidium
Lockhartia x Oncidium x Gomesa
Brassia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Ada x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Ada x Miltonia x Oncidium
Miltonia x Oncidium
Brassia x Miltonia x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
Notylia x Oncidium
Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Galeandra x Oncidium
Macradenia x Oncidium
Gomesa x Oncidium
Comparettia x Oncidium
Oncidium x Rdzlla
Cochlioda x Oncidium
Oncidium x Oncidium
Oncidium x Trichopilia
Oncidium x Orpha
Ada x Brassia x Oncidium
Ada x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Aspasia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Oncidium x Rodriguezia
PC12 Doc. 10.1 – p. 11
Hybrid name
Ruppara
Sauledaara
Segerara
Shiveara
Sigmacidium
Trichocidium
Vanalstyneara
Warneara
Wilsonara
Withnerara
Abbreviation
Rppa
Sdra
Sgra
Shva
Sgdm
Trcdm
Vnsta
Wnra
Wils
With
Genera used
Gomesa x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Aspasia x Brassia x Miltonia x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
Aspasia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Aspasia x Brassia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Oncidium x Sigmatostalix
Oncidium x Trichocentrum
Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
Comparettia x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Aspasia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
Phalaenopsis hybrids and intergeneric hybrids involving Phalaenopsis.
Total number of hybrids in this group: approximately 22,500
Hybrid name
Aeridesidopsis
Arachnisnopsis
Asconopsis
Beardara
Bogardara
Bokchoonara
Cleisonopsis
Devereuxara
Diplonopsis
Doritiellaopsis
Doritaenopsis
Dresslerara
Edeara
Ernestara
Eurynopsis
Glanzara
Hagerara
Hausermannara
Himoriara
Isaoara
Laycockara
Lichtara
Luinopsis
Lutherara
Macekara
Meechaiara
Moirara
Nakagawaara
Neostylopsis
Owensara
Parnataara
Paulara
Pepeara
Phalaenopsis
Phalaerianda
Phalandopsis
Phalanetia
Phaliella
Pooleara
Renanthopsis
Rhynchonopsis
Abbreviation
Aeridesps
Arnps
Ascps
Bdra
Bgd
Bkch
Clnps
Dvra
Dpnps
Dllps
Dtps
Dres
Edr
Entra
Eunps
Glz
Hgra
Haus
Hmra
Isr
Lay
Licht
Lnps
Luth
Maka
Mchr
Moir
Nkgwa
Nsls
Owsr
Parn
Plra
Ppa
Phal
Phda
Phdps
Phnta
Phlla
Polra
Rnthps
Rhnps
Genera used
Aerides x Phalaenopsis
Arachnis x Phalaenopsis
Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis
Ascocentrum x Doritis x Phalaenopsis
Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Arachnis x Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Clctn x Phalaenopsis
Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Dpra x Phalaenopsis
Doritis x Kingiella x Phalaenopsis
Doritis x Phalaenopsis
Ascgm x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera
Arachnis x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vandopsis
Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vandopsis
Eurychone x Phalaenopsis
Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Rhyncostylis
Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Vandopsis
Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Aerides x Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Arachnis x Phalaenopsis x Vandopsis
Doritis x Gastrochilus x Phalaenopsis
Lsa x Phalaenopsis
Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Rhyncostylis
Arachnis x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vanda x Vandopsis
Ascocentrum x Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vanda
Aerides x Doritis x Phalaenopsis
Neofinetia x Phalaenopsis x Rhyncostylis
Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera
Aerides x Arachnis x Phalaenopsis
Ascocentrum x Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera
Phalaenopsis x Phalaenopsis
Aerides x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Phalaenopsis x Vandopsis
Neofinetia x Phalaenopsis
Kingiella x Phalaenopsis
Ascocentrum x Ascgm x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera
Phalaenopsis x Renanthera
Phalaenopsis x Rhyncostylis
PC12 Doc. 10.1 – p. 12
Hybrid name
Rhyndoropsis
Richardmizutaara
Roseara
Sappanara
Sarconopsis
Sidranara
Sladeara
Stamariaara
Sutingara
Trautara
Trevorara
Trichonopsis
Uptonara
Vandaenopsis
Vandewegheara
Yapara
Yeepengara
Abbreviation
Rhdps
Rcmza
Rsra
Sapp
Srnps
Sidr
Slad
Stmra
Sut
Trta
Trev
Trnps
Upta
Vdnps
Vwga
Yap
Ypga
Genera used
Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Rhyncostylis
Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vandopsis
Doritis x Kingiella x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera
Arachnis x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera
Phalaenopsis x Sarcochilus
Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera
Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Sarcochilus
Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vanda
Arachnis x Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vanda x Vandopsis
Doritis x Lsa x Phalaenopsis
Arachnis x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Phalaenopsis x Trichoglottis
Phalaenopsis x Rhyncostylis x Sarcochilus
Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Ascocentrum x Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Vanda
Phalaenopsis x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Aerides x Phalaenopsis x Rhyncostylis x Vanda
Cymbidiumbidium hybrids and intergeneric hybrids involving Cymbidiumbidium.
Total number of hybrids in this group: approximately 10,650
Hybrid name
Ansieium
Cymbidasetum
Cymbidium
Cymphiella
Grammatocymbidium
Phaiocymbidium
Thompsonara
Abbreviation
Asdm
Cymst
Cym
Cymph
Grcym
Phcym
Thmpa
Genera used
Ansiella x Cymbidium
Cymbidium x Catasetum
Cymbidium x Cymbidium
Cymbidium x Eulophiella
Cymbidium x Grammatophyllum
Cymbidium x Phaius
Catasetum x Cymbidium x Grammatophyllum
Dendrobium hybrids and intergeneric hybrids involving Dendrobium.
Total number of hybrids in this group: approximately 8,600
Hybrid name
Dendroberia
Dendrobium
Abbreviation
Denga
Den
Genera used
Dendrobium x Flickingeria
Dendrobium x Dendrobium
PC12 Doc. 10.1 – p. 13
Prop. 12.xx
Annex 2
Orchid Exports as Reported by CITES - All Parties
Number of Specimens
14000000
12000000
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
Year
Artificially Propated
Wild Collected
PC12 Doc. 10.1 – p. 14
Unknown Origin
1996
1998
Prop. 12.xx
Annex 3
600000
500000
400000
300000
Numbers of Plants
Exported
200000
100000
0
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
Year
600000
500000
400000
300000
Numbers of Plants
Imported
200000
100000
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
Year
PC12 Doc. 10.1 – p. 15