KNOWING
ORCHIDS
CULTIVATION
(Species,
propagation
& planting)
POTENTIAL OF INDONESIAN
RESOURCE
• Beautiful landscape
• Fertile soil
• Expected of climate
INDONESIA AS A MEGABIODIVERSITY
COUNTRY
• Indonesia has about 4000 orchids species is
distributed in many islands.
• Kalimantan & Sumatera have about 986 orchids
species and Java has the ones more than 971
species.
• Maluku has about 123 species.
• Irian jaya has about more than 1000 species
(Dendrobium and Bulbophyllum)
• Growing at elevations from sea level up to 3000
meters and temperature between up 8,7 °C to
32°C.
• They are found on branches of trees at in tropical
rain forests.
CARACTER OF ORCHIDS DISTRIBUTED
• Cosmopolite orchid ; distributing caracter of
orchids in whole Indonesian land (Dendrobium
crumenatum, Spathoglottis plicata).
• Endemic orchid ; distributing caracter of orchids
in specific places.
Phalaenopsis javanica grows in west Java,
Cymbidium hartinahianum is found in North
Sumatera, Vanda celebica is found in Sulawesi
only.
TAXONOMY
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Phyllum
Class
Subclass
Ordo
Family
: Spermatophyta
: Angiospermae
: Monocotyledoneae
: Gynandrae
: Orchidaceae
ORCHIDS CARACTERISTIC
• Foliage shape
• Flower consist of ;
- Sepal
- Petal
- Column
- Labellum
• Fruits
• Seeds
FIGURE
ORCHID
SHAPE
CARACTERISTIC OF ORCHIDS GROWS
• Epiphyte; type of plant which grows on another
but isn’t a parasite & deriver its own
nutrients from the air, rain, etc.
• Saprophyte; (plant) any organism living on
decaying or putrefied matter.
• Terrestrial; (plant) living & growing on land
• Lithotrof; type of plant which grows above stone.
GROWTH STRUCTURE IN ORCHID
• Monopodial orchids such as Aerides,
Phalaenopsis & Vanda have main stems which
grow constantly.
• Sympodial orchids, such as Bulbophyllum and
Dendrobium have a main stem, or pseudobulb,
which is produced annually and matures at the end
of each growing season, often culminating with
flowering.
Simpodial orchid
Monopodial orchid
ORCHIDS GENUS IN INDONESIA
• Such as; DENDROBIUM, BULBOPYLLUM, COELOGYNE,
CYMBIDIUM, GRAMMATOPHYLUM, PHALAENOPSIS,
RENANTHERA, VANDA, AERIDES, RYNCOSTYLIS,
PAPHIOPEDILUM, ERIA.
• DENDROBIUM THE GREATES OF GENUS, ABOUT 1800.
• ABOUT 900 GENUS ARE FOUND IN INDONESIA
Aerides odorata
• About 20 species belong to this genus of
monopodial epiphytes.
• Aerides odorata is variable
in colour, from deep pink
to pure white.
Bulbophyllum biflorum_yellow
• Over 2000 named species
are included in this cosmopolitan
genus, with flowers that come
in all shapes, sizes and colour.
• Most of these sympodial plants grow
and lithophytes as epiphytes.
Cymbidium bicolor
• Most of the species are terrestrial,
with upright flower spikes bearing
blooms in many colour.
• In the lowlands, most cymbidium take
to the trees as epiphytes, growing in
high light.
Dendrobium
• An amazing diversity of plant habit,
flower form & colour is found in
this large genus.
• Quite a number of species produce
new plants off the older pseudobulbs.
these are called aerials or “keikis”
a Hawaiian word which means baby.
Phalaenopsis amabilis
• Most people would be familiar
with Phalaenopsis, known as the
“Moth Orchids”.
• Many hybrids have been produced
from the 50 or so wild species.
• Most of these white hybrids have been derived
from the magnificent “White Moth Orchid”,
Phalaenopsis amabilis.
Paphiopedilum
• The “Slipper Orchids” have long been
highly prized in horticulture.
• Some species are terrestrial, growing
through the leaf litter on the forest
floor, others are lithophytes which
show a preference for limestone cliffs,
while a number are epiphytes, & live in the major
forks of suitable trees.
• Most of the species produce a single flower.
Vanda tricolor
• Vanda tricolor is a distinctive common
species, found on rocks or trees on
the fringes of lowland forest in Java.
• It has perfumed flowers.
• Monopodial plants grow
and as epiphytes.
GROWTH CONDITION
• Light, humidity, temperature.
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•
Kind of orchids
Light absorbtion
Arachnis
100
Renathera
100
Vanda daun
40 - 50
Cattleya
20 - 30
Dendrobium
40 - 50
Phalaenopsis
10 - 30
Paphiopedilum daun bintik
10 - 30
Paphiopedilum daun hijau
5 - 20
Aerides
20 - 40
TEMPERATURE
Kind of orchids
• Cattleya
• Cymbidium
• Dendrobium
• Paphiopedilum
• Phalaenopsis
• Vanda
Normal Temperature (°C)
20
25
25
20
21
30
GENERATIF PROPAGATION
• Generatif
Pollination
male
female
parent
PREPARING INOCULATION CONSIST OF :
1. To provide a prominent seed.
2. To provide bottle, led & autoclve
3. Nutrient and equipment
e.1. Knudson C.
Bahan
Ca (NO3)2H2O
KH2PO4
MgSO4 7H2O
(NH4)2SO4
Sukrose
FeSO4 4H2O
MnSO4
Agar-agar
Aquadest
Kebutuhan (g/l)
1
0,25
0,25
0,25
20
0,25
0,0075
15-17,5
1000 ml
pH media
Bbrp jenis anggek
membutuhkan pH
5,2
Phalaenopsis
membutuhkan pH
5,5
e.2. Vacin & Went
Bahan
Ca3(PO4)2
KH2PO4
MgSO4 7H2O
(NH4)2SO4
MnSO4.4H2O
KNO3
Fe2(C4H4O6)3 atau
Fe-chelate
Air kelapa
Sukrose
Agar-agar
Aquadest
Kebutuhan (g/l)
0,2
0,25
0,25
0,5
0,0075
0,525
0,028
0,057
150 ml
20
7
850 ml
pH media
Pada umumnya
digunakan pH
5,7-5,8
e.3. Resep Chang
Bahan
Fish emulsion
Pepton
Gula pasir
Agar-agar
Aquadest
Kebutuhan (g/l)
1,5 sendok teh
1 sendok the
5,5
15
1000 ml
pH media
Dendro, Vanda,
Arachnis 5-5,2
Phalaenopsis
6,8
How to inoculate ?
a.
To sterilize into capurite solution,
about 10 minutes.
b. To remove into aquadest.
c. To inoculate into medium
(spread)
VEGETATIF PROPAGATION BY TISSUE
CULTURE
• Requirements ;
a. Prominent explant
b. Appropriate of medium
c. Circumtance
• Tissue culture rooms consist of;
a. Preparation room
b. Inoculation room
c. Incubation room
FIGURE INOCULATION ROOM
Sterilization
• To keep expant into 20% clorox solution, about 5 minutes, 10
% clorox solution about 5 minutes and
to rinse by aquadest.
Inoculation
• To provide sterile explant with less size and one
bud.
Incubation and Multiplication
• Explant is shaked on 100-200 rpm (shaker) in the long
periode, room temperature.
• Subculture
Removed explant into new medium.
PIGURE INCUBATION ROOM
ACCLIMATIZATION
VEGETATIF PROPAGATION
ORCHIDS PLANTING
1. To remove planlet in community pot
(in 9-12 months after innoculation).
- Dendrobium seedling better to control of light &
humidity.
- Each pot contains about
up 25 to 30 plants.
2. Terrestrial type using medium composition
involve;
• Sand, soil, brick, manure, compost.
3. Vanda terres, its able to plant into earth.
4. Seedling is planted in large community (pot).
5. Removing explant up community pot to single pot.
- How to remove ?
- To prepare medium, consist of moss, brick,etc
6. Repotting. Why to repot?
- need a larger medium
- need much nutrients
Figure Single pot
• Each pot has one plant which
plant after about 4-6 months
in community pot.
PLANTING (in pot)
• Using in high quality pot.
• Using stick to strengthen.
• Using brick, moss, etc.
HOW TO PLANT;
- To conbine a stick & pot.
- To mix medium composition.
(brick) less than half pot.
- To put plantlet on above medium.
- To add moss later.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT ;
• Stem can’t be covered by medium.
• Might be planted monopodial type in centre pot.
• Different to monopodial, sympodial type need to
close part of pot.
ORCHID MAINTENANCE
• Watering; (to note)
- Kind of water and pH level (5,6 – 6,0)
- Medium, humidity, temperatur, pot type, species of
orchids, phase of growth.
• Fertilizer application
Pemupukan
Umur anggrek
Seedling
Mid-size
Flowering-size
• How to apply ?
-Spread, by watering, spraying.
Kebutuhan unsur
N
P
60
30
30
30
10
60
K
10
30
10
PLANT PROTECTION BY CONTROLING PEST
AND DISEASE
• Pest; acarina, red spider, ant.
• Insecticide; diazenon, malathion, sumithion 1-3 cc/
liter water.
• Disease; leaf spot, soft-rot, physiology disease.
• Fungicide; teresan 3 g/ liter water, captan 2 g/ liter
water, cuproxychloride 5 g/ liter water.