WORLD HISTORY EXAM
1) Renaissance means……
A) rebirth B) set apart C) to discover
2) Da Vinci was a…
A) painter B) sculptor C) Architect D) all of the above
3) People called for the reformation due to:
A) theological beliefs B) indulgences for sell C) both A and B
4) Martin Luther was a :
A) professor B) priest C) both A and B
5) Who posted the ninety-five theses in Wittenberg?
A) Martin Luther
B) Da Vinci
C) Henry VIII
6) This explorer thought he had discovered a route to Asia but actually discovered Cuba.
A) Christopher Columbus
B) John Cabot C)Amerigo Vespucci
7) America is named after this discoverer.
A) Christopher Columbus
B) John Cabot C) Amerigo Vespucci
8) The triangular trade effected what 3 continents?
A) Asia, Europe and America B) Europe, Africa and the Americas C) Africa, Europe and Asia
9) The journey of slaves to the Americas was known as
A) The Middle Passage
B) The North Passage C) The West Passage
10) This Explorer discovered the coastline of North America for England
A) Christopher Columbus B) John Cabot C)Amerigo Vespucci
11) Philip II of Spain was known as the
a. “Huguenot King.”
c. “King of the World.”
b. “Most Catholic King.”
d. “Papal King.”
12) Oliver Cromwell’s defeat of the king’s forces allowed him to
a. restore the French monarchy to the throne.
b. execute the members of Parliament that disagreed with his policies and beliefs.
c. take control of England and eventually establish a military dictatorship.
d. return England to Catholicism and establish an entirely pro-Catholic Parliament.
13) What is absolutism?
a. the practice by monarchs of undergoing daily absolution to keep states free of the burden of sin
b. the belief that all citizens within a state must conform to one religion
c. an offshoot of Islam, in which it is believed that baptism absolves all past and future sins
d. a system of government in which a ruler holds total power
14) Louis XIV maintained complete authority as monarch by
a. executing the previous monarch’s entire family.
b. maintaining a network of spies to find conspirators against him.
c. distracting the nobles and royal princes with court life, to keep them out of politics.
d. bestowing lavish riches on any serf who supported his right to rule.
15) The work of William Shakespeare is perhaps the best example of ____ literature.
a. Elizabethan
c. Gothic
b. baroque
d. Mannerist
16) The Edict of Nantes recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France, and
a. gave the Huguenots the right to worship and to enjoy all political privileges.
b. was intended to bring about an end to the battles between the Catholics and the Spanish, but
actually only served to inflame tensions.
c. declared all Huguenots to be enemies of the state.
d. was largely ignored by the Huguenots, and served only to appease the pope.
17) The Thirty Years’ War involved all the major European powers except which nation?
a. France
c. England
b. Spain
d. Germany
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18) The ideas of ____ can be found in the American Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution.
a. Thomas Wilson
c. Miguel de Cervantes
b. John Calvin
d. John Locke
19) A _________ is a fleet of warships.
a. flintlock musket
b. armada
c. band of brothers
d. army
20) This Russian ruler was determined to bring Russia “up to date” with the rest of Europe.
a. Peter the Great
b. Ivan the terrible
c. Louis XIV
d. Elizabeth I
21) Shah Jahan had the ____ built in Agra in memory of his wife.
a. Taj Mahal
c. Isfahan
b. Mumtaz
d. Plassey
22) This empire was known as the Gunpowder Empire.
a. Ottoman
c. Mongul
b. Safavids
d. British
23) Constantinople was later renamed ____________________.
a. Rome
c. Istanbul
b. Babylon
d. Alabaster
24) Local Mogul official who kept part of the taxes in lieu of a salary
a. zamindar
c. pashas
b. grand vizier
d. janissaries
25) Sultan’s chief minister
a. janissaries
c. zamindar
b. pashas
d. grand vizier
26) This person wrote the book Principia and defined the 3 laws of motion.
a. Galileo
c. Kepler
b. Newton
d. Copernicus
27) The _____ was an 18th Century philosophical movement.
a. Reformation
c. Scientific Revolution
b. Enlightenment
d. Civil War
28) Who has been rightly called the father of modern rationalism?
a. Chaucer
c. René Descartes
b. Francis Bacon
d. Robert Boyle
29) Known as the greatest figure of the enlightenment.
a. Montesquieu
c. Diderot
b. Voltaire
d. Locke
30) Known as the founder of Modern Economics.
a. George Bush
c. John Locke
b. Thomas Hobbes
d. Adam Smith
31) This King was King of France during the French Revolution and was executed.
a. King Henry VIII
c. King Louis XIV
b. King Charles II
d. King Louis XVI
32) The Queen of France during the French Revolution
a. Elizabeth I
c. Marie Antoinette
b. Catherine the Great
d. Maria Theresa
33) The French Revolution lasted from ______ to ______.
a. 1769-1779
c. 1779-1789
b. 1789-1799
d. 1759-1799
34) The French version of the Declaration of Independence is called _________.
a. Declaration of the Middle Class
c. Declaration of King Louis XVI
b. Declaration of Napoleon
d. Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen
35) Known as “the Incorruptible”
a. George Danton
c. Jean Paul Marat
b. Robespierre
d. Louis XVI
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36) The Reign of Terror lasted from _______ to _________.
a. 1793-1794
c. 1792-1793
b. 1783-1784
d. 1794-1795
37) Napoleon’s most famous accomplishment was ________.
a. Conquering England
c. Codifying French Laws
b. Conquering Russia
d. Becoming a General
38) A “coup d’etat” is when Napoleon _______.
a. Went to lunch.
c. Went to war.
b. Overthrew the Government
d. Overthrew England.
39) Who wrote “What is the Third Estate?”
a. Louis XVI
c. Napoloen
b. Robespierre
d. Abbe Sieyes
40) Napoleon’s last battle where he lost his power for good was ________.
a. Moscow
c. Waterloo
b. Paris
d. London
41)
coined the term “natural selection”.
a. Farhid Molotof
c. Louis Pasteur
b. Michael Faraday
d. Charles Darwin
42) Indifference or rejection of religion is called
.
a. Evolutionism
c. Secularism
b. Nationalism
d. Realism
43)
was the term used to describe a movement to end slavery.
a. Secession
c. Secularism
b. Abolition
d. Nationalism
44) Mary Shelley wrote which book
a. Dracula
c. Werewolf
b. Frankenstein
d. All of the above
45) Which ideology is most likely to keep things as they are?
a. conservatism
c. nationalism
b. liberalism
d. All of the above
46) Who invented the light bulb?
a. Thomas Edison
c. Marconi
b. Alexander Graham Bell
d. Ben Franklin
47) Who invented the telephone?
a. Thomas Edison
c. Marconi
b. Alexander Graham Bell
d. Ben Franklin
48) Who invented the airplane?
a. Thomas Edison
c. Marconi
b. Alexander Graham Bell
d. The Wright Brothers
49) Who Wrote The Communist Manifesto?
a. Ben Franklin
c. Adolf Hitler
b. Joseph Stalin
d. Karl Marx
50) This German physicist came up with the theory of relativity.
a. Otto von Bismarck
c. Albert Einstein
b. William II
d. Sigmund Freud
51) The real purpose of European imperialism was
a. money
c. National competition
b. To spread Christianity
d. Social Darwinism
52) What type of resistance was too much for European Western Powers to overcome?
a. Imperialism
c. Social Darwinism
b. Nationalism
d. Non-violent
53) Advances in _____ allowed few Europeans to control an area.
a. Communication
c. Weapons
b. Transportation
d. All of the above
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54) The Suez Canal was built by both the _____ and _______ governments
a. British and French
c. Russian and French
b. British and Russian
d. Spanish and French
55) _______ means “native to a region”
a. Zamindar
c. Indigenous
b. Annex
d. Boer
56) Famous Zula leader who was called the Napoleon of Africa
a. Shaka
c. Zamindar
b. Gandhi
d. King Leopold II
57) What country was considered the Jewel of the Crown?
a. Great Britain
c. India
b. France
d. China
58) Latin America was trying to rid itself from _______ rule.
a. English
c. French
b. Spanish
d. Russian
59) This document said that no European counties could take over any new nations in the Western Hemisphere.
a. Monroe Doctrine
c. Declaration of Independence
b. Declaration of Rights of Man
d. 95 Theses
60) Hailed as a liberator of South America
a. Simon Bolivar
c. Miguel Hidalgo
b. Shaka
d. King Leopold II
61) The style of warfare most associated with WWI is
a. Naval
c. unrestricted
b. Trench
d. total
62) Leader who proposed the 14 points peace treaty
a. Woodrow Wilson
c. William II
b. Lenin
d. Nicholas II
63) The founder and creator of the Red Army
a. Lenin
c. Nicholas II
b. Stalin
d. Trotsky
64) Leader of the Bolsheviks, socialist, Marxist, laid the foundation for Communism in Russia
a. Lenin
c. Nicholas II
b. Stalin
d. Rasputin
65) Russian mystic who had influence over the Romanov dynasty and played a part in their demise.
a. Lenin
c. Nicholas II
b. Stalingrad
d. Rasputin
66) The last Czar of Russia
a. Lenin
c. Nicholas II
b. Stalingrad
d. Rasputin
67) The _____ note which asked Mexico to form a military alliance with Germany against the United
States and played a big part in the US entering WWI
a. Zimmerman
c. Wilson
b. Lusitania
d. U Boat
68) Regarded as the Ace of Aces
a. Franz Ferdinand
c. Red Baron
b. Gravillio Princip
d. Woodrow Wilson
69) Ideas spread to influence public opinion
a. Conscription
c. Unrestricted warfare
b. Propaganda
d. Total war
70) The Great War started when ________ was assassinated.
a. Franz Ferdinand
c. Red Baron
b. Gravillio Princip
d. Woodrow Wilson
71) Hitler’s book: Mein Kampf means
a. My Plan
c. My Struggles
b. My Desires
d. My Mission
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72) Hitler was an extreme racist, particularly against
a. Jews
c. Women
b. African-Americans
d. The French
73) This Russian leader wanted to move from an Agricultural country to an Industrial country.
a. Lenin
c. Nicholas II
b. Stalin
d. Trotsky
74) This Russian leader lost a power struggle and was kicked out in 1927
a. Lenin
c. Nicholas II
b. Stalin
d. Trotsky
75) This leader formed the Black Shirts and attacked Socialism
a. Mussolini
c. Hitler
b. Stalin
d. FDR
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76) Founder of the 1 Fascist movement
a. Mussolini
c. Hitler
b. Stalin
d. FDR
77) Single ruler and Single Party were part of
a. Imperialism
c. Totalitarian States
b. Nationalism
d. Communists
78) This person came up with a New Deal to help end the Great Depression
a. Charles Dawes
c. FDR
b. William II
d. Hitler
79) What were the causes of the Great Depression?
a. War and Greed
b. Downturns in the economy by individual nations and financial crisis involving US stock
c. Shortage of food and jobs
d. Imperialism and nationalism
80) This person came up with a plan to help Germany pay for the reparations.
a. Charles Dawes
c. FDR
b. William II
d. Hitler
81) A reform leader who united the Arabs
a. Ibn Saud
c. Gandhi
b. Reza Shah Pahlavi
d. Ataturk
82) This leader was a strong believer in non-violence and social justice.
a. Ibn Saud
c. Gandhi
b. Reza Shah Pahlavi
d. Ataturk
83) This leader helped spread communism to the Vietnamese
a. Ibn Saud
c. Gandhi
b. Ho Chi Minh
d. Ataturk
84) This leader helped spread communism to China
a. Ibn Saud
c. Gandhi
b. Ho Chi Minh
d. Mao Zedong
85) In 1930, this leader threw a military coup and took over Brazil.
a. Ataturk
c. Getulio Vargas
b. Ho Chi Minh
d. Mao Zedong
86) Hitler’s blitzkrieg, or “lightning war,” was
a. a new form of warfare that used airplanes exclusively for the first wave of attack.
b. a form of attack that used tank divisions supported by air attacks.
c. a strategy in which armies rested very little between attacks to wear the enemy down more quickly.
d. an air force strategy that combined jets and helicopters in a single attack.
87) On December 7, 1941, the Japanese
a. launched a full-scale invasion of Southern China.
b. attacked the British colony on the Bataan Peninsula.
c. launched a surprise attack on the U.S. Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor.
d. invaded Alaska.
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88) What was the turning point of the war in the Pacific?
a. the Battle of Iwo Jima
c. the Battle of the Coral Sea
b. the Battle of Dunkirk
d. the Battle of Midway Island
89) ____ administered the Nazi’s Final Solution.
a. Heinrich Himmler
c. Adolf Hitler
b. Reinhard Heydrich
d. Heinrich Strasser
90) The Battle of Stalingrad was a crushing defeat for Germany because
a. the German army vastly outnumbered the Swiss army, and yet could not take the city.
b. the entire German Sixth Army, considered the best of the German troops, was lost.
c. the Soviet army then used the captured tanks and other weapons to push Germany completely
out of the Soviet Union.
d. it was the first major defeat suffered by the German army, proving they were not invincible.
91) The slaughter of European civilians, particularly European Jews, by the Nazis became known as what?
a. the Cold War
c. the Holocaust
b. the Great Atrocity
d. the Vast Massacre
92) What was the last final offensive the Germans put together to drive the Allies out of Germany?
a. Battle of Kursk
c. Battle of the Bulge
b. Battle of the Rhineland
d. Battle of Cologne
93) August of 1945, what new weapon did the U.S. introduce on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
a. International Ballistic Missiles (IBM)
c. Fighter Jets
b. Helicopters
d. Atomic Weapons
94) What was the agreement between Hitler and Stalin that these two would go to war with each other?
a. Soviet – Nazi peace agreement
c. Russian Alliance
b. Polish land alliance
d. Nazi- Soviet nonaggression Pact
95) When Japan invaded China, the United States cut off which resources to Japan?
a. Oil and Scrap Metal
c. Guns and Iron
b. Oil and Battleships
d. Wood and Chop Sticks
96) Which individual helped direct the African Americans for their Civil Rights?
a. Mark Luther King
c. Max Lutheran Kings Sr.
b. Marty Luther King Jr.
d. Martin Luther King Jr.
97) The Berlin Wall was built in order to
a. stop the flow of supplies from West Germany to West Berlin.
b. prevent food from entering Poland.
c. prevent the smuggling of arms to anti-Soviet forces.
d. prevent East Germans from fleeing to West Germany.
98) The “Bay of Pigs” refers to
a. the Soviet Union’s invasion of Hungary.
b. a U.S. attempt to overthrow the Cuban government.
c. the Russian resort city in which Eastern European nations met to form the CENTO
alliance.
d. the Soviet Union’s attempt to install nuclear weapons in Haiti.
99) U.S. fears about the spread of communism were increased when ____ became a Communist nation in 1949.
a. South Korea
c. East Germany
b. China
d. Yugoslavia
100) The Marshall Plan was designed to
a. prevent Soviet involvement in Angola.
b. restore the economic stability of European nations after World War II.
c. develop a comprehensive military strategy for the defense of Canada.
d. make Western European nations stronger than nations under Soviet control.
101) Leonardo da Vinci was an excellent example of Renaissance Italy’s social ideal because he
a. was a politician, and politicians were considered the pinnacle of human achievement.
b. came from a wealthy family and greatly improved his family’s status in society.
c. wrote grand romantic poetry and insightful political treatises.
d. was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician.
102) Christian humanists believed that
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a. if people read the classics, and especially the basic works of Christianity, they would
become more pious.
b. by studying biology, one could assure one’s salvation.
c. God did not intend man to know more than what was written in the Bible.
d. society should return to simpler ways and not focus on gaining wealth and material
possessions.
103) The High Renaissance in Italy is associated with which three artists?
a. Leonardo da Vinci, Jan van Eyck, and Albrecht Dürer
b. Raphael, Donatello, and Jose Saurez
c. Masaccio, Donatello, and Filippo Brunelleschi
d. Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo
104) The Peace of Augsburg formally
a. made Martin Luther the patron saint of the Holy Roman Empire.
b. accepted the division of Christianity in Germany.
c. established the doctrine of Lutheranism.
d. ended the war between France and Morocco.
105) The final decrees of the Council of Trent
a. reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestant beliefs.
b. empowered the Jesuits to find and try heretics, including anyone who was Protestant.
c. stated that Christians should be nice people.
d. were ultimately meaningless, since they were never put into practice.
106) Calvin agreed with Luther on most important doctrines except
a. who spoke better German.
c. predestination.
b. the leadership of the Catholic Church.
d. the sale of indulgences.
107) The ____ movement had a profound effect on education.
a. Renaissance
c. liberal
b. humanist
d. vernacular
108) Vasco da Gama’s discovery of a route to India by sea proved to be
a. very profitable, since da Gama returned with a cargo of spices and made a profit of several
thousand percent.
b. far too costly to be sailed on a regular basis.
c. the only time any Portuguese vessel sailed the route, as Aborigines later attacked any ship
that attempted the journey.
d. much longer than the route to India by land.
109) What was the name of the set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century?
a. commercial capitalism
c. speculation
b. consumerism
d. mercantilism
110) Originally, African slaves were brought to the Americas to supply labor for the
a. sugarcane plantations.
c. molasses industry.
b. rubber plantations.
d. tobacco fields.
111) The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494,
a. put an end to the war between Portugal and Turkey.
b. established a line of demarcation between territories controlled by Portugal and those
controlled by Spain.
c. ended the violence between Portuguese and Muslim traders.
d. made Portuguese the official language of the Americas.
112) What was the name for the journey of slaves from Africa to America?
a. the Voyage of Sorrow
c. the Africa-America Run
b. the Bering Crossing
d. the Middle Passage
113) James I of England believed in the divine right of kings, which is
a. the belief that a king was granted the wisdom of God upon ascending to the throne, and therefore was faultless.
b. the concept that kings were equal to God, and therefore did not have to live by the laws of the Church.
c. the theory that kings alone could know the mind of God, and therefore could determine the future through divination.
d. the idea that kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God.
114) The foundation for a constitutional monarchy in England was laid by the
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a. Toleration Act of 1489.
c. “Glorious Revolution.”
b. Bill of Rights.
d. Rump Parliament.
115) What was the “Glorious Revolution”?
a. the agricultural revolution that improved food supplies in England
b. the battle between the Roundheads and the Cavaliers for control of England
c. the establishment of Protestantism as the English state religion
d. the invasion of England by William of Orange, which overthrew James II with almost no
bloodshed
116) This allowed Elizabeth I to become the supreme leader of the church and state.
a. Act of Religion
c. Petition of Rights
b. Act of Power
d. Act of Supremecy
117) These intellectuals developed new theories that became the foundation for the Scientific Revolution.
a. Luther, Zwingli, Calvin, and Philip
c. Bach, Hadyn, Handel and Mozart
b. Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and Newton d. Ptolemy, Archimedes, Plato, and Da Vinci
118) Believed the heliocentric (Sun in the center) system was more accurate than the Ptolemaic system.
a. Copernicus
c. Ptolemy
b. Bach
d. Handel
119) This Russian Ruler expanded Russia’s territory including 50% of Poland’s territory in the West.
a. Ivan IV
c. Catherine the Great
b. Ivan the Terrible
d. Peter the Great
120) The three greatest French philosophes were_______, _______, and _______.
a. Louis XIV, Louis XV, and Louis XVI
c. Locke, Hobbes and Lincoln
b. Descartes, Voltaire and Diderot
d. Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Diderot
121) A child prodigy who wrote many symphonies, concerti, and operas.
a. Bach
c. Haydn
b. Handel
d. Mozart
122) Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
a. George Washington
c. Benjamin Franklin
b. Thomas Jefferson
d. John Adams
123) The third estate of France was made up of _______.
a. Clergy
c. Commoners
b. Nobility
d. Peasants
124) On July 14, 1789 The French People famously did what?
a. Storm the Bastille
c. Kill the King
b. Write a constitution
d. Name Napoleon Emperor
125) This invention was called the National Razor during the French Revolution.
a. Bayonet
c. Telescope
b. Guillotine
d. Steam Engine
126) Who developed a steam engine that could drive machinery?
a. James Hargreaves
c. James Watt
b. Edmund Wilson
d. Henry Cort
127) Who proposed the germ theory of disease?
a. Farhid Molotof
c. Louis Pasteur
b. Michael Faraday
d. Charles Darwin
128) ____ emphasized feelings and imagination as sources of knowing.
a. Rationalism
c. Conservatism
b. Romanticism
d. Realpolitik
129) ____ is the belief that people should be as free as possible from government restraints.
a. Nationalism
c. Industrial capitalism
b. Monoculturalism
d. Liberalism
130) The production of ____ was one of the first industries to be affected by the Industrial Revolution.
a. automobiles
c. toys
b. cotton cloth
d. furniture
131) Who created the paddle-wheel steamboat?
a. Henry Cort
c. Edmund Cartwright
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b. Robert Fulton
d. James Hargreaves
132)
coined the term “natural selection”.
a. Farhid Molotof
c. Louis Pasteur
b. Michael Faraday
d. Charles Darwin
133)
was a literary and visual arts movement that rejected romanticism.
a. Evolutionism
c. Secularism
b. Nationalism
d. Realism
134) Indifference or rejection of religion is called
.
a. Evolutionism
c. Secularism
b. Nationalism
d. Realism
135) Whose reign lasted from 1837 to 1901, which was the longest reign in English history?
a. Queen Elizabeth I
c. Queen Victoria
b. Queen Mary
d. Queen Anne
136) A major threat to American national unity during the 19th century was
a. The Civil War.
c. Mercantilism.
b. The Spanish-American War.
d. Liberalism.
137) The British novelist Charles Dickens became very successful with his novels that focused on
a. Real portrayal of the lower and middle
c. Secularism.
classes in Britain.
b. The dangers of man’s attempt to
d. Pastoral life of Britain.
dominate nature.
138) ____ set up a nonviolent movement with the aim to force the British to aid the poor and grant independence to
India.
a. Rabindranath Tagore
c. Mohandas Gandhi
b. The Indian National Congress
d. Lord Thomas Macaulay
139) This document said that no European counties could take over any new nations in the Western Hemisphere.
a. Monroe Doctrine
c. Declaration of Independence
b. Declaration of Rights of Man
d. 95 Theses
140) The event that actually ignited World War I was:
a. The sinking of the Lusitania
b. The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
c. The Russian Revolution
d. The Russian Czar Nicholas II
141) Mandatory military service is called:
a. Conscription
c. Indenture
b. Impressments
d. Enlistment
142) The German general whose plan called for a war on two fronts was:
a. Nicholas Alexander
c. Ivan Trotsky
b. Von Schlieffen
d. Alexander Rasputin
143) Along the Western Front, a stalemate resulted in what type of warfare?
a. Trench Warfare
c. Ambush
b. Air Warfare
d. Circle and Attack
144) The sinking of this passenger liner sparked the U.S.’s entry into WWI.
a. The Lusitania
c. The Titanic
b. The Ferdinand
d. The U.S.S. Maine
145) Germany’s use of submarines without limitations off the coast of Great Britain was called what?
a. Water Patrol
c. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
b. The Barricade
d. Limited Attack Mode
146). The treaty that ended WWI was called:
a. The Treaty of Alliance
c. The Great Treaty
b. The Treaty of the World
d. The Treaty of Versailles
147) What were the causes of the Great Depression?
a. War and Greed
b. Downturns in the economy by individual nations and financial crisis involving US stock
c. Shortage of food and jobs
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d. Imperialism and nationalism
148) The Nuremberg Laws:
a. Excluded Jews from German Citizenship c. Prevented Jews from traveling
b. Forced the Jews into camps
d. Prevented Jews from getting married
149) Hitler promised his people what type of society?
a. French
c. Calm
b. Aryan
d. Democratic
150) This person came up with a New Deal to help end the Great Depression
a. Charles Dawes
c. FDR
b. William II
d. Hitler
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C
A
B
D
A
A
C
C
B
A
A
C
B
D
C
B
C
D
B
B
C
C
D
D
A
D
D
B
B
B
101)
102)
103)
104)
105)
106)
107)
108)
109)
110)
111)
112)
113)
114)
115)
116)
117)
118)
119)
120)
121)
122)
123)
124)
125)
126)
127)
128)
129)
130)
131)
132)
133)
134)
135)
136)
137)
138)
139)
140)
141)
142)
143)
144)
145)
146)
147)
148)
149)
150)
D
A
D
B
A
C
B
A
D
A
B
D
D
C
D
D
B
A
D
D
D
B
D
A
B
C
C
B
D
B
B
D
D
C
A
A
A
C
A
B
A
B
A
A
C
D
B
A
B
C
11