ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG
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ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG(2013-2014) PHẦN 1- CHƯƠNG TRÌNH ÔN TẬP (Thời lượng dự kiến: 04 tiết/tuần x 8 tuần = 32 tiết) Thời lượng Số thứ tự Nội dung Ôn tập Ghi chú (tiết) 1 Các thì Cơ bản trong tiếng Anh 3 2 Câu So sánh 2 3 Câu bị động 2 4 Câu Thuật lại 2 5 Câu điều kiện 2 6 Gerund/ Participles hay Infinitives 2 7 So... that/ Such... that/ Too... to/ Enough to 2 Phần 1 8 Mệnh đề/ cụm từ chỉ Lý do 2 9 Mệnh đề quan hệ 2 10 Mạo từ 2 11 Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian 2 12 Động từ/ tính từ đi với giới từ 2 13 Ngữ âm 2 14 Một số câu chức năng giao tiếp cơ bản 2 15 Kiểm tra thử và dự phòng 3 Phần 2 Lưu ý về việc phân bố thời gian: Học sinh phải học và làm bài tập trước tại nhà; Giáo viên chủ yếu chữa và củng cố các điểm ngữ pháp trên lớp. Dạng bài tập ở phần 1 nên soạn ở hình thức trắc nghiệm + tự luận. Các bài tập nên tập trung lấy từ Sách giáo khoa và Sách bài tập. Nên khuyến khích việc tự làm bài tập của học sinh. Các chủ điểm Ngữ pháp có thể thay đổi về trình tự thời gian. Đối với các bai fkieemr tra thử (Phần 2), giáo viên có thể download các đề thi tại địa chỉ http://www.thituyensinh.vn/?page=12.4 để phục vụ cho công tác ôn tập ______________________________________ PHẦN 2- CÁC CHỦ ĐIỂM NGỮ PHÁP Đây là phần tổng hợp các điểm ngữ pháp cơ bản trong chương trình THPT (lý thuyết) Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 1 The Comparisons TÓM TẮT LÝ THUYẾT 1. Phân biệt các loại tính từ, trạng từ: Tính từ ngắn vần: Là tính từ chỉ có một vần (long, short, tall, high, big) hoặc có hai vần nhưng tận cùng là –y (happy, crazy, buzy), -ow (narrow), -er (clever) hoặc –le (simple) Tính từ dài vần: Là tính từ có 2 vần trở lên (handsome, beautiful, interested) Tính từ bất qui tắc: Là tính từ có hình thức so sánh hơn và nhất của nó khác hoàn toàn với tính từ ban đầu: good better best, bad worse worst, far farther/further farthest/furthest Trạng từ ngắn vần: là các trạng từ soon, fast, early, late, far, near Trạng từ dài vần: là các trạng từ 2 vần trở lên (beautifully, carefully) Các từ sau đây có thể xem như là tính từ ngắn, nhưng thường được dùng như tính từ dài: quiet, clever, narrow, shallow, simple, gentle, common, hollow, polite, handsome, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired. 2. Cách thành lập hình thức so sánh hơn và nhất của tính từ và trạng từ: Ngắn vần: khi so sánh hơn ta thêm –ER, so sánh nhất ta thêm (the) –EST. Ví dụ: She is taller than I . She is the tallest girl in my class Dài vần: khi so sánh hơn ta thêm MORE , so sánh nhất ta thêm (the) MOST Ví dụ: She is more studious than I. She is the most studious girl in my class Lưu ý: So sánh nhất của trạng từ không dùng THE Ví dụ: She came earlier than I. She came earliest She dances beautifully. She dances most beautifully. 3. Mẫu câu so sánh bằng: S1 + V + as + adj/adv + as+ S2 Chủ ngữ 1 + động từ + as + tính từ/trạng từ + as + Chủ ngữ 2 My house is as big as yours He runs as fast as I (do). 4. Mẫu câu so sánh hơn more + adj/adv S+ V+ than + S 2 adj-er/ adv-er My house is bigger than yours He runs faster than I (do). 5. Mẫu câu so sánh nhất the most + adj/adv S+ V+ the adj-est/ adv-est Nếu so sánh trạng từ thì ta không thêm THE His house is the biggest in town (biggest là một tính từ nên có mạo từ THE) He runs fastest. (fastest là một trạng từ nên không có mạo từ THE) 6. Cấu trúc so sánh kép Mẫu câu càng ngày càng…, mỗi lúc một… more and more + adj/adv S+ V+ adj-er and adj-er/ adv-er and adv-er The weather is getting hotter and hotter. Food is getting more and more expensive He runs faster and faster Mẫu câu càng… thì càng… Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 2 The + so sánh hơn S + V, the + so sánh hơn S+V The more exercise he practices, the stronger he feels The more money we spend, the sooner we run out of it. The more carefully she drives, the less accidents she causes. PHẦN BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Bài tập tự luận: Bài tập 1: Chia thể đúng của từ trong ngoặc. Có thể dùng hơn 1 từ. E.g. The modern car is more expensive than the old one. (EXPENSE) 1. My English this term is___________ than that of last year. (GOOD) 2. Her math result is__________ than her English result. (BAD) 3. Detective books are__________ than science fiction ones. (INTEREST) 4. Lan is__________ than her sister. (LAZY) 5. He feels__________ than last year because his study results are__________. (HAPPY/ GOOD) 6. He is__________ at maths than at any other subjects. (GOOD) 7. Phuong can speak English__________ than Minh. (FLUENT) 8. Her voice is__________ than her sister’s. (BEAUTY) 9. Her literature result is much__________ than it was last year. (GOOD) 10. Cinderrella danced__________ than any other girls at the ball. (GRACE) 11. I like geography__________ than biology. (GOOD) 12. Chemistry is__________ than physics. (EASY) 13. Rabbits run__________ than tortoises. (FAST) 14. Nam is bad at art but Minh is even__________. (BAD) 15. Lan is her________ sister. (OLD) 16. She can pronounce English words__________ than she could last term. (CORRECT) 17. The country is _________than the city. (QUIET) 18. In this class, the students are talking __________ than the teacher. (LOUD) 19. We shouldn’t be __________ on any subjects. (LAZY) 20. I can learn a subject __________ if I like it and __________ if I don’t like it. (GOOD/ BAD) 21. They are____________ than they used to be. (CARE) 22. Wool is _______________ than cotton. (RESILIENT) 23. Russian is _______________ language of all. (DIFFICULT) 24. This book is _______________ as that one. (INTEREST) 25. Walter Scott is____________ than Walter Brooks. (FAME) 26. The pears are____________ than the plums. (HARD) 27. The roses are____________ than the nasturtiums. (BEAUTTY) 28. The tomatoes are____________ as the apples. (EXPENSE) 29. My bicycle is____________ than yours. (NEW) 30. The front yard is____________ as the back yard. (BIG) 31. This map is _______________ than that one. (GOOD) 32. Her report is _______________ than ours. (ACCURATE) 33. Sarah is the ________________ girl in the class. (INTELLIGENT) 34. This is the _________________ book I have ever read. (GOOD) 35. That is the _________________ painting in the museum. (VALUE) 36. Yesterday was the ________________ day of the year. (HOT) 37. My father is as____________ as his father. (STRONG) 38. She is____________ than her sister. (PRETTY) Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 3 39. You are not as____________ as your brother. (TALL) 40. That has to be the____________ film I have seen. (INTEREST) 41. Which university offers the____________ degree courses? (GOOD) 42. This clown is not so____________ as the other one. (FUN) 43. He is the____________ player in the team. (BAD) 44. The second half of the play was____________ interesting. (LITTLE) 45. What is____________ distance you have ever run? (FAR) 46. Ann is____________than her sisters. (PRETTY) 47. It's____________ than mine. (SMALL) 48. Your house is____________ than his. (BIG) 49. It's____________ than you think. (COMMON) 50. It cost____________ than I thought. (LITTLE) Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sau cho tương đương về nghĩa với câu đã cho 1. He hasn’t got as much work to do as I have. He’s got ____________________________________________ 2. Her dress is the same as Rita’s. Her dress isn’t ________________________________________ 3. Nguyen Trai Street isn’t as long as Tran Hung Dao Street. Nguyen Trai Street doesn’t have __________________________ 4. As he comes nearer to the hospital gate, he becomes more nervous. The ________________________________________________ 5. We sit near to the stage. We can see well. The_________________________________________________ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bài tập 3: Viết câu hoàn chỉnh dùng những từ gợi ý The test / not nearly / easy / as / I thought / would / I’d like / see / Michael Jackson / live / concert / than any / performer. Going / train / much / faster / going / car. The hotter / weather / getting, the / miserable / I / feel. The sooner / you / leave, / earlier / will / your destination. Gerund, Infinitives or Participles? TÓM TẮT LÝ THUYẾT 1. GERUND: là một động từ thêm –ING có chức năng như một danh từ a. Dùng trong các câu lệnh ngắn (không có tân ngữ ): No smoking, No fishing b. Theo sau một giới từ: I am not keen on gambling c. Theo sau các động từ chỉ tình cảm, yêu ghét, bắt đầu, kết thúc cụ thể: admit*1, anticipate*, appresiate, avoid, consider*, defer, delay, deny*, detest, dislike, dread, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy*, finish, forgive, imagine*, involve, keep, loathe, mean*, mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practise, prevent, propose*, recollect*, remember*, resent, resist, risk, save, stop, suggest*, understand* d. Sau một sở hữu tính từ : Sorry for my being late 1 Các động từ có dấu sao (*) theo sau có thể là mệnh đề THAT Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 4 Một số động từ theo sau có thể là Gerund hoặc Tân ngữ/ sở hữu tính từ + Gerund:dislike, gread, fancy, involve, like, mean, mind. Propose, recollect, remember, resent, save, stop, suggest, understand, approve/ disapprove of, insist on, it’s no good/ use, object to, there’s no point in, what’s the point of He disliked ( me/my) working late He resented ( my/me) being promoted before him 2. INFINITIVE 2.1. BARE INFINITIVE: Là một động từ nguyên mẫu không TO a. Dùng trong các câu lệnh (có tân ngữ): Do not touch the wires b. Dùng sau các động từ khuyết thiếu: Would you mind giving me a hand ? * Lưu ý: Sau USED TO, OUGHT TO, BE GOING TO, BE LIKELY TO, BE TO là Bare Infinitive. Riêng NEED, DARE có thể là Bare hoặc Full infinitive. c. Theo sau các động từ chỉ giác quan như see, hear, watch, smell, notice, observe Did you see him go out ? d. Theo sau các động từ let, make, have What makes you think you have any talent ? I will have him repair my car e. Dùng sau các giới từ but, except, than, to ( TO trong Be about to, ought to, used to ) He did nothing else than laugh There was nothing to do but wait f. Trong cấu trúc nhấn mạnh động từ: Do come in time, She did say that she was unguilty g. Sau các động từ would rather/ sooner (than) và had better “ You had better start at once,” he said I’d rather wait till tomorrow 2.2 FULL INFINITIVE: Là một động từ nguyên mẫu có TO a. Theo sau hầu hết các ngoại động từ (decide, agree, promise, manage, fail, hope,, plan, tend, arrange, hope, refuse, attempt, offer,...) They decided/agreed to divide the profits equally They decided that the profits should be divided equally b. Theo sau các vấn từ WH- hoặc HOW I wonder whether to write or phone She is telling me how to operate the machine c. Theo sau một tính từ và các cấu trúc có liên quan too...to, enough to, as... as She is too young to apply for a job now He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked * Lưu ý: Sau REALLY là (To) Infinitive It would take ages really (to) master this subject d. Sau một danh từ hoặc đại từ để chỉ mục đích (thường dùng để thay thế một mệnh đề quan hệ tính ngữ ) - đặc biệt sau the first, the second, the last, the ony: I have letters to write Someone to talk to There is a lot ( of things ) to be done He loves parties. He is always the first to come and the last to leave e. Dùng trong các cụm động từ giới thiệu hoặc kết thúc: To be honest, I don’t just like him I have never met him, to tell the truth 3. PARTICIPLES (PHÂN TỪ) Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 5 Về chức năng, Present participle chuyển tải nghĩa năng động (ĐANG) trong khi Past participle chuyển tải nghĩa bị động (ĐƯỢC, BỊ) a. Participle có chức năng như tính từ : Boiling water (nước đang sôi ) ; Boiled water (nước đã đun sôi) b. Participle kết hợp với BE hoặc HAVE để thành lập các thì tiếp diễn hoặc hoàn thành và cấu trúc bị động c. Present Participle được sử dụng sau go, come, be busy (chỉ các hoạt động thể chất, mua sắm ), spend, waste ( chỉ sự tiêu tốn, lãng phí tiền bạc, thời gian) They are going riding/ fishing/ skiing He spends two hours (a day) learning French She was busy collecting flowers d. Participle dùng để rút gọn một mệnh đề He rode away. He whistled as he went Riding away,He whistled as he went (He rode away whistling). e. Pariticiple dùng để thay thế (rút gọn) hành động thứ hai khi hành động thứ hai là một phần hoặc kết quả của mệnh đề thứ nhất. He went out, slamming the door. f. Dùng để thay thế một mệnh đề phụ (as, since, because...) Knowing that he wouldn’t be able to buy food on his journey, he took large supplies with him = As he knew that he wouldn’t ......... Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up = Because he had been bitten twice, ... 4. Một số phân biệt (Gerund – Infinitive; Infinitive – Participle; Bare/Full infinitive) GERUND or INFINITIVE ? Sự gây nhầm lẫn giữa hai từ loại trên thường được xuất hiện sau một số động từ thường. Các động từ gây nhầm lẫn được chia làm 3 loại như sau: 4.1.1. Không thay đổi nghĩa hoặc tạo ra sự đổi nghĩa: Là các động từ begin, start, continue, cease. 4.1.2. Tuỳ theo nghĩa của động từ, theo sau sẽ là Gerund hoặc Infinitive: Là các động từ try, mean, propose Động từ TRY Nghĩa Động từ theo sau Ví dụ Thử Gerund He tried putting wire netting around Cố gắng Infinitive He tried to do it many times but he failed MEAN Nghĩa là Gerund Love means forgiving Có ý định Infinitive I didn’t mean to hurt you PROPOSE Có ý định Infinitive I propose to start tomorrow đề nghị Gerund I propose waiting till the police get here 4.1.3. Nếu ám chỉ một hành động đã xảy ra, ta dùng Gerund. Nếu ám chỉ một hành động chưa hoặc sắp xảy ra, ta dùng Infinitive I can’t stop him talking to the press (Tôi không thể ngăn anh ta nói chuyện với giới báo chí ) I stopped to ask the way (Tôi dừng lại để hỏi đường) Các động từ thuộc nhóm này là agree, allow, can/could bear, forget, hate, like, love, prefer, regret, stop. 4.1.4. Các động từ này theo sau là Gerund, nhưng nếu theo sau là một tân ngữ, thì sẽ là Infinitive They don’t allow smoking here They don’t allow us to smoke here Các động từ thuộc nhóm này là advise, allow, permit, recommend, forbid, admit, consider, require 4.1.5. Các động từ theo sau là một Infinitive, nhưng sẽ là Gerund nếu câu mang nghĩa bị động I want to meet you as soon as possible The grass wants cutting (cỏ cần được cắt ) Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 6 Các động từ thuộc nhóm này là need, require, want, deserve, bear INFINITIVE or PARTICIPLE? 4.2.1. Trường hợp gây nhầm lẫn giữa hai từ loại nói trên xuất hiện sau các động từ chỉ giác quan như see, hear, feel, smell, listen (to), notice, watch, find, observe Did you see her leave her house last night ?(Anh có thấy cô ấy rời nhà tối qua không ? She smelt something burning and saw the smoke rising (Cô ta ngửi thấy mùi gì đang cháy và thấy khói (đang) bốc lên.) 4.2.2. Trong cấu trúc nhờ ai làm gì. Động từ theo sau HAVE có 2 trường hợp I will have him repair my car (To have someone do something ) I will have my car repaired (To have something done) BARE or FULL INFINITIVE ? Sau HELP He helped us (to) push it Khi 2 infinitive được nối với nhau bằng liên từ AND, to ở infinitive thứ hai thường được bỏ đi I want you to stand beside me and (to) hold the torch PHẦN BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Loại bài tập 1 (Trắc nghiệm khách quan): Chọn từ trong ngoặc 1. I enjoy__________ alone (be/ being/ to be/ to habe been) 2. Would you like__________ to the party? (to come/ come/ coming/ to have come) 3. Do you mind__________ such a long way to work everyday? (to travel/ travel/ to have travelled/ travelling) 4. I don’t like that house. I would rather__________ there (live/ to live/ living/ to have lived) 5. I would love__________ to your wedding but it just isn’t possible (come/ to come/ coming/ to have come) 6. Sometimes I’d like__________ to play the piano (learn/ to learn/ learning/ to have learnt) 7. Please remember__________ this letter (post/ to post/ posting/ to have posted) 8. We tried__________ the fire out but we were unsuccessful. We had to call the fire brigade (put/ to put/ putting/ to have put) 9. When you see John, remember__________ him my regards (to have given/ giving/ give/ to give) 10. Someone must have taken my bag. I clearly remember__________ it by the window and now it has gone (leave/ leaving/ to leave/ to have left) 11. Jane needed some money. She tried__________ Harry but he couldn’t help her (to have asked/ ask/ to ask/ asking) 12. He tried__________ the shelf but he wasn’t tall enough (reach/ reaching/ to reach/ to have reached) 13. Did you remember__________ Mary?- Oh no, I completely forgot (to phone/ phone/ to be phoning/ to have phoned) 14. It’s very kind of you__________ so (say/ to say/ saying/ to be saying) 15. Please show me how__________ this (do/ to do/ doing/ to have done) 16. One is never too old__________ (learning/ learn/ to have learnt/ to learn) 17. You are old enough__________ out alone (going/ go/ to go/ to have gone) 18. I’m very glad__________ you (to meet/ meet/ meeting/ to be meeting) 19. It’s nice__________ you (to know/ know/ knowing/ to be knowing) 20. You have no right__________ my daughter (see/ to see/ seeing/ to have seen) 21. Please tell me what__________ (doing/ do/ to do/ to have done) 22. I forbid you__________ my letter (to read/ read/ reading/ to have read) 23. We stopped__________ hello to her (say/ saying/ to have said/ to say) 24. We came__________ her (help/ to help/ helping/ to have helped) 25. I will invite her__________ my daughter (teach/ to teach/ teaching/ to have taught) 26. I don’t feel like__________ to the cinema now (going/ go/ to go/ to have gone) 27. It’s no good__________ video games (play/ to play/ playing/ to have played) 28. It’s no use__________ with him (work/ to work/ working/ to have worked) 29. It isn’t worthwhile__________ her (marry/ marrying/ to marry/ to have married) Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 7 30. She did nothing but__________ (cry/ crying/ to cry/ to have cried) Loại bài tập 2 (Tự luận): Chia động từ trong ngoặc sang hình thức đúng: 1. When the painter felt the ladder (begin)(slip), he grabbed the gutter (save) him from (fall) 2. The snow kept (fall) and the workmen grew tired of (try) (keep) the roads clear. 3. He offered (lend) me the money. I didn’t like (take) but I had no alternative. 4. What was in the letter ? ~ I don’t know. I don’t like (open) it as it wan’t addressed to me. 5. Do you remember (read) about it ? ~ No, at that time I was too young (read) newspapers. 6. Did you remember (book) seats for the theatre tomorrow? ~ Yes, I have tickets here. Would you like (keep) them ? I am inclined (lose) theatre tickets. 7. Try (avoid) (be) late. He hates (be) kept (wait). 8. I didn’t know how (get) to your house so I stopped (ask) the way. 9. I wish my refrigerator would stop (make) that horrible noise. You can’t hear anyone (talk). 10. This book tells you how (win) a game without actually (cheat). 11. The gunman began (fire). He felt a bullet (graze) his cheek. 12. He heard the clock (strike) six and knew that it was time for him (get) up. 13. I can hear the bell (ring) but nobody seems (be coming) (open) the door. 14. Did you advise him (go) to the police ? ~ No, I didn’t like (give) an advice on such a difficult matter. 15. He wanted (put) my chameloen on a tartan rug and (watch) it (change) colour. 16. It is easy (see) animals on the road in daylight but sometimes at night it is very difficult (avoid) (hit) them. 17. The fire seems (be) out. ~ It can’t be quite out. I can hear the wood (crackle). 18. I caught him (climb) over my wall. I asked him (explain) but he refused (say) anything, so in the end I had (let) him (go). 19. When at last I succeeded in (convince) him that I wanted (get) home quickly he put his foot on the accelerator and I felt the car (leap) forward. 20. I’m not used to (drive) on the left. ~ When you see someone else (do) it you’ll find it quite easy (do) yourself. Loại bài tập 3 (Tự luận): Viết lại câu sau cho tương đương về nghĩa với câu đã cho. 1. I dislike it when people criticize me unfairly. I object_________________________________________________ 2. The film star wore dark glasses so that no one could recognize him. The film star avoided _________________________________________ 3. “Stay here! I can’t let you go out tonight,” her mother said to Jane. Jane’s mother prevented ______________________________________ 4. “You didn’t pay attention to what I said,” the teacher said to the boy. The teacher accused__________________________________________ 5. “You should join the football team, Eric,” said the teacher. The teacher encouraged ______________________________________ Loại bài tập 4 (Tự luận): Viết lại câu sau cho tương đương về nghĩa với câu đã cho. 6. Don’t forget / give / book / back / Joe. 7. He / advised / me / not / drink / smoke / much. 8. John / congratulated / me / pass / final exam. 9. We / looking forward / meet / our children soon. 10. Ann suggested / have / barbecue / instead / a fancy dress party. The Passive Voice Cách thuật lại một câu từ chủ động sang câu bị động: Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 8 Câu chủ động phải có đầy đủ các yếu tố: Chủ ngữ + động từ+ tân ngữ thì mới đổi sang câu bị động được. Mẫu câu cơ bản: Câu chủ động (Active) Câu bị động (Passive) S+ V + O + phần còn lại của câu S + be + V-pp + phần còn lại + by+ O Nếu S là They, People, hoặc Some(one/body) thì có thể lược bỏ (tức là by+ O sẽ bị lược bỏ) S và O (I me, He him, v.v..) Sự biến đổi động từ trong quá trình đổi Thì Câu Chủ động Câu bị động Đơn (Hiện tại/ Quá khứ) V be+ Vpp Tiếp diễn (Hiện tại/ Quá khứ) be+ V-ing Be+ being+ Vpp Hoàn thành (Hiện tại/ Quá khứ) (have)+ Vpp (have)+ been+ Vpp Have= Have, has, had Khuyết thiếu (Modal) Aux+ V-inf Aux+ BE+ V-pp BE ở dạng nguyên mẫu Perfect Modal Aux + Have+ Vpp Aux + have been + Vpp BE được chia là AM, IS, ARE, WAS, WERE AUX= can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, be going to, be about to, have to, must… Các mẫu câu cơ bản People say that he is a liar It is said that he is a liar hoặc He is said to be a liar. Don't bring the dog in Let the dog not be brought in It's your duty to clean the room You are supposed to clean the room. How long have you learnt English? How long has English been learnt by you? BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Loại bài tập 1: (Trắc nghiệm khách quan): Chọn A, B, C, hoặc D. 1. Tom wrote that letter. A. That letter wrote by Tom B. That letter was wrote by Tom C. That letter was written by Tom D. That letter written by Tom 2. Somebody cleans the room everyday. A. Everyday is cleaned the room B. The room everyday is cleaned C. The room is cleaned everyday D. The room cleaned everyday by somebody 3. They cancelled all flights because of the fog. A. Because of the fog was cancelled all flights B. All flights because of the fog were cancelled C. All flights was cancelled because of the fog D. All flights wwere cancelled because of the fog 4. People don’t use this road very often.. A. This road doesn’t use very often. B. Very often isn’t used this road. C. This road isn’t used very often. D. This road is used very often. 5. Somebody accused me of stealing money. A. Me was accused of stealing money by somebody. B. Me was accused of stealing money. C. I was accused of stealing money. Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 9 D. I of stealing money was accused by somebody. 6. How do people learn languages? A. How do languages are learned? B. How are languages learnt? B. How are people learned languages? D. How languages are learnt? 7. People warned us not to go alone 8. Somebody is using the computer at the moment A. The computer is being used at the moment. B. At the moment is being used the computer C. The computer is used at the moment D. The computer at the moment is being used 9. I didn’t realize that somebody was recording our conversation. A. That somebody was recording our conversation wasn’t realized by me. B. I didn’t realize that our conversation was being recorded. C. That our conversation was being recorded wasn’t realized by me. D. All are correct 10. We found that they had cancelled the game. A. That they had cancelled the game was found. B. We found that the game had been cancelled. C. That the game had been cancelled was found. D. All are correct. 11. They are building a new highway around the city. A. A new highway around the city is built. B. A new highway is being built around the city C. A new highway is being building around the city D. All are correct. 12. They have built a new hospital near the airport A. A new hospital near the airport has built B. A new hospital has been built near the airport. C. Near the airport have been built a new hospital D. Near the airport has been built a new hospital. 13. People should send their complaints to the head office A. Their complaints should be sent to the head office B. Their complaints should be send to the head office C. Their complaints should be sended to the head office D. Their complaints to the head office should be sent 14. They had to postpone the meeting because of illness A. The meeting because of the illness had to be postponed B. The meeting had to be postponed because of the meeting C. The meeting was had to postpone because of the illness D. The meeting had to be postpone because of the illness 15. Somebody might have stolen your car. A. Your car might be have stolen B. Your car might have be stolen C. Your car might have been stolen D. Your car might have been stealed 16. An electrical fault could have caused the fire. A. The fire could have caused by an electrical fault B. The fire could have been caused by an electrical fault C. The fire could have been caused an electrical fault D. The fire could have been caused. 17. They are going to hold next year’s congress in San Francisco. A. Next year’s congress in San Francisco are going to be held. B. Next year’s congress is going to be held in San Francisco C. In San Francisco is going to be held next year’s congress D. Next year’s congress is going to be holded in San Francisco. 18. They shouldn’t have played the football match in such bad weather. A. The football match shouldn’t have been played in such bad weather. B. The football match in such bad weather shouldn’t have been played. C. In such bad weather shouldn’t have been played the football match by them. D. In such bad weather they shouldn’t have been played the football match. 19. The bill includes service. A. Service is included in the bill. B. Service is included by the bill. C. Service is include in the bill. D. Service is include by the bill. 20. They have changed the date of the meeting. Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 10 A. The date of the meeting has been changed. B. The date of the meeting have been changed C. The date has been changed of the meeting . D. The date have been changed of the meeting 21. Brian told me that somebody had attacked him in the street. A. I was told that somebody had attacked Brian in the street. B. Brian told me that he had been attacked in the street. C. I was told that Brian had been attacked in the street. D. All are correct 22. They didn’t offer Ann the job A. Ann wasn’t offered the job B. The job wasn’t offered to Ann C. Ann the job wasn’t offered D. All are correct 23. They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview. A. You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview B. A lot of questions at the interview will be asked by you C. You a lot of questions will be asked at the interview D. You a lot of questions at the interview will be asked 24. Nobody told me that George was ill. A. I wasn’t told that George was ill. B. That George was ill was told me C. I was told that George was ill by nobody D. All are correct 25. His colleagues gave him a present when he retired. A. He was given a present by his colleagues when he retired. B. A present was given to him when he retired by his colleagues C. When he retired he was given a present by his colleagues D. All are correct 26. We will send you the results as soon as they are ready. A. You will be sent the results as soon as they are ready B. The results will be sent to you as soon as they are ready C. As soon as the results are ready, they will be sent to you D. All are correct 27. I think they should have offered Tom the job. A. It is thought that Tom should have been offered the job. B. I think that Tom should have been offered the job. C. I think that the job should have been offered to Tom D. B and C are correct 28. They say that many people are homeless after the tsunami. A. It is said that many people are homeless after the tsunami B. Many people are said to be homeless after the tsunami C. That many people are homeless after the tsunami is said. D. All are correct 29. They know that the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law. A. It is known that the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law B. The Prime Minister is known to is in favor of the new law C. That the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law are known D. All are correct 30. They expect that the government will lose the election. A. It is expected that the government will lose the election. B. That the government will lose the election is expected C. The government is expected to lose the election D. All are correct 31. They think that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall A. The prisoner is thought to escape by climbing over the wall. B. That the prisoner escaped by climbing over the was was thought C. The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall D. All are correct 32. They believe that the thieves got in through the kitchen window Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 11 A. It was believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window B. The thieves are believed to get in through the kitchen window C. The thieves are believed to have got in through the kitchen window D. All are correct 33. They report that over 200,000 people were killed in the tsunami. A. It is reported that over 200,000 people were killed in the tsunami B. Over 200,000 people are reported are reported to have been killed in the tsunami C. That over 200,000 people were killed in the tsunami is reported D. All are correct 34. They say that three men were arrested after the explosion A. Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion B. It is said that after the explosion was arrested three men C. Three men are said to be arrested after the explosion D. All are correct 35. The boys carried the box into the room. A. The box was carried into the room by the boys B. The box into the room was carried by the boys C. The box is carried into the room by the boys D. The box into the room is carried by the boys. 36. Tom bought that book yesterday. A. That book yesterday was bought by Tom B. That book was bought by Tom yesterday C. That book was bought yesterday by Tom D. That book was buyed yesterday by Tom 37. The old man treated the little boy badly A. The little boy was treated badly by the old man. B. The little boy badly was treated. C. The little boy badly was treated by the old man. D. All are correct 38. A group of students have met their friends at the railway station A. Their friends have been met at the railway station by a group of students. B. Their friends at the railway station have been met by a group of students. C. Their friends have been meeted at the railway station by a group of students. A. At the railway station has met their friends by a group of students. 39. They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home. A. Tom wasn’t allowed to take these books home. B. Tom was allowed to take these books home. C. To take these books home wasn’t allowed Tom D. Tom to take these books home wasn’t allowed 40. How many trees did they cut down to build that fence? A. How many trees were cut down to build that fence? B. How many were trees cut down to build that fence? C. Were how many trees cut down to build that fence? D. How many trees were cutted down to build that fence? 41. This well-known library attracts many people A. Many people are attracted by this well-known library B. Many people are attracted in this well-known library. C. Many people were attracted by this well-known library D. Many people were attracted in this well-known library. 42. How long has Mr. Smith taught you French? A. How long have you been taught French by Mr. Smith? B. How long has French been taught you by Mr. Smith? C. How long have you French been taught? D. All are correct 43. They didn’t look after the children properly A. After the children properly wasn’t looked B. The children properly wasn’t looked after C. The children wasn’t looked after properly D. The children weren’t looked after properly 44. How many lessons are you going to learn next month? A. How many lessons are going to be learnt next month? B. How many are lessons going to be learnt next month? C. How many lessons are being going to learn next month? D. Are how many lessons going to be learnt next month? Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 12 45. She didn’t introduce me to her mother A. Me wasn’t introduced to her mother by her C. Her mother wasn’t introduced to me by her B. I wasn’t introduced to her mother by her D. B and C are correct Loại bài tập 2 (Tự luận): Viết lại câu sau cho tương đương về nghĩa với câu đã cho. 1. We have made great progress in our economy in the last few years. Great progress ______________________________________ 2. The workers are going to pull down that old building. That old building ______________________________________ 3. You can’t buy anything nice in that shop. Nothing _____________________________________________ 4. Without effort nothing can be gained. We_________________________________________________ 5. They said he had left Paris secretly in his private car. He _________________________________________________ Loại bài tập 3 (Tự luận): Viết lại câu sau cho tương đương về nghĩa với câu đã cho. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Inflation / said / be getting / out / control. All / decorating will / finished / by / weekend. You / should have / car / look / the mechanic. We / made / empty / our suitcases / the customs official. It’s impossible / that plan / carried out. The Sequence of Tenses TÓM TẮT LÝ THUYẾT Tenses Simple present (Hiện tại đơn) Present continuo us (HT tiếp diễn) Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) Forms S + V (s/es) S + don’t/doesn’t + V-inf Do/ Does + S + V-inf? S + be + V-ing S + be + NOT + V-ing Be + S + V-ing? BE= is, am, are S + V2 (hoặc V-ed) S + didn’t + V-inf DID + S + V-inf? Past continuo us (QK tiếp diễn) S + be + V-ing S + be + NOT + V-ing Be + S + V-ing? BE= was, were Present perfect S + have/has + V3/V-ed S + have/has not + V3 Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Uses Thói quen, sở thích , nghề nghiệp, chân lý. Dùng cho các động từ chỉ nhận thức hoặc giác quan (think, believe, own, have...) Sự việc đang xảy ra lúc nói. Sự viêc sắp xảy ra ở tương lai gần. Sự việc khác thường lệ. Thói quen trong quá khứ hoặc Sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ có thời gian cụ thể. Sự việc đang xảy ra tài một thời điểm trong quá khứ. Sự việc đã xảy ra nhưng không rõ t. gian. Symbols Các trạng từ chỉ tần suất như : every, always, often, usually, sometimes, once or twice a week Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian như now, at present, at the moment, today, next Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian như last, in/ at + thời gian, ago, when ... Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian như THEN, AT THAT TIME, AT THAT MOMENT Các liên từ chỉ thời gian như WHEN, WHILE since, for, just, lately, recently, ever, in the last, Trang 13 (HT hoàn thành) Past Perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành Simple Future (Tương lai đơn) Near Future (Tương lai gần) Have/Has + S + V3? S + had + V3/V-ed S + had not + V3 Had + S + V3? S + will + V-inf S + won't + V-inf Will + S + V-inf? Sự việc đã xảy ra và kéo dài đến lúc nói. Sự việc lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ. Sự việc vừa mới xảy ra. Sự việc đã hoàn tất trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ. during the last, yet, this is the first time, so far, how long Câu điều kiện loại 1. Hành động quyết định lúc nói. Tiên đoán 1 sự việc trong tương lai. Các trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai như NEXT. Câu bắt đầu với cấu trúc I am sure that/ I think/ promise that. Tiên đoán có cơ sở. S + be going to + Vinf Sự việc sắp xảy ra ở tương S + be not going to + Vinf lai gần. Be + S + going to+ Vinf? By + thời gian ở quá khứ Before/ After No sooner + had + S + V3 than S + V2 Các trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian ở tương lai gần như tonight, this weekend... Sự phối hợp thì (câu có 2 vế): 1. Nếu hai hành động liên tiếp xảy ra: cả hai đều dùng Hiện tại đơn hoặc quá khứ đơn (tuỳ theo mốc thời gian). Ví dụ: She opened the door and saw an old man. 2. Nếu hai hành động song song xảy ra: cả hai đều dùng Hiện tại tiếp diễn hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn (tuỳ theo mốc thời gian). Ví dụ: Mary’s husband was working in the garden while she was cooking in the kitchen. 3. Nếu 1 hành động đang xảy ra thì có 1 hành động khác cắt ngang: hành động đang xảy ra dùng HTTD hoặc QKTD; hành động cắt ngang dùng HTĐ hoặc QKĐ (tuỳ theo mốc thời gian). Ví dụ: The phone rang while she was cooking in the kitchen. 4. Nếu hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không liên tiếp nhau: hành động xảy ra trước dùng QK hoàn thành; hành động xảy ra sau dùng QK đơn. Ví dụ: After they had had dinner, they watched TV. Sự phối hợp thì trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian: Adverbial clauses of time: bắt đầu bằng các liên từ chỉ thời gian như: when, whenever, before, after, since, as soon as, as, while, till, until, just as, no sooner…than, hardly…when, as long as, etc. Liên từ Mệnh đề phụ (trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian) + simple present (thói quen) + present continuous (sự việc đang xảy ra/ cắt ngang) + present perfect ( sự việc đã hoàn tất) + present perfect (sự việc đã hoàn tất) + simple present (sự việc sẽ hoàn tất tại một điểm thời gian trong tương lai) Past tenses: + nếu hai hành động xảy ra liên tiếp nhau: cả 2 dùng quá khứ đơn. + nếu 2 hành động song song xảy ra: cả hai đều dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn. Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Mệnh đề chính Simple present Future tenses (will or be going to) Past tenses Trang 14 + nếu 1 hành động đang xảy ra thì có 1 hành động khác cắt ngang: hành động đang xảy ra dùng quá khứ tiếp diễn; hành động cắt ngang dùng quá khứ đơn. + nếu 2 hành động xảy ra không liên tiếp nhau: hành động xảy ra trước dùng quá khứ hoàn thành; hành động xảy ra sau dùng quá khứ đơn. PHẦN BÀI TẬP PHẦN BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM KHÁCH QUAN Exercise 2: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete each sentence 1. Listen! I____________someone knock on the door. A. am hearing B. hear C. have heard D. heard 2. We____________a wonderful time during our last vacation. A. had B. have had C. had had D. were having 3. My mother____________ in this bookshop for 10 years A. has worked B. worked C. is working D. was working 4. Newton____________back to Cambridge in1667. A. has gone B. was going C. goes D. went 5. My mothers has retired____________. A. for two years B. two years ago C. since D. yet 6. He met her____________. A. so far B. last week C. now D. every day 7. My father____________TV last night. A. isn’t watching B. didn’t watch C. doesn’t watch D. don’t watch 8. My mother____________ in a bookshop this spring. A. has worked B. worked C. is working D. was working 9. Mai____________ dinner at the moment A. has B. is having C. had D. has had 10. My father____________ TV every night. A. isn’t watching B. didn’t watch C. doesn’t watch D. don’t watch 11. Mai____________ dinner when the light went out A. has B. is having C. had D. was having 12. They haven’t received their bonuses____________. A. just B. ago C. yet D. now 13. How long____________you____________ in Kon Tum? A. lives B. do ... live C. have ..... lived D. had..... lived 14. My mother____________ in a bookshop when she was young. A. is working B. worked C. has worked D. was working 15. Someone____________ at the door. Can you answer it? A. knocks B. is knocking C. has knocked D. knocked 16. John____________ at the moment, so he can’t answer the telephone. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. will work 17. Old Ted____________ twenty cigarettes a day till he gave up. A. had smoked B. has smoked C. smoked D. smokes 18. Michael____________ a word with Linda this morning. A. has B. had C. has had D. had had 19. We cleaned up the room as soon as the guests____________. A. had left B. has left C. left D. were leaving Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 15 20. Jane’s eyes are red. She____________. A. cried B. has cried C. has been crying D. had cried 21. The concert____________ at 7:15. A. starts B. is staring C. has started D. is going to start 22. Her family____________ to America before 1975. A. went B. have gone C. had gone D. would go 23. I____________ my key. Can you help me look for it? A. lose B. lost C. had lost D. have lost 24. I have learnt English____________ I was nine years old. A. since B. for C. ago D. yet 25. I____________ him since I____________ a student. A. know/am B. knew/ was C. have known/was D. knew/ have been 26. I____________ my homework yet. A. have done B. did C. haven’t done D. A & B are correct 27. Tim____________ a new job. A. found B. was found C. has found D. has been found 28. Since he left, I____________ nothing from him. A. heard B. am going to hear C. have been heard D. have heard 29. ____________ I last saw her, I haven’t heard from her A. when B. ago C. for D. since 30. How long____________you____________ English? A. did….learn B. have…. learnt C. learned D. have learnt 31. She has got married____________ ages. A. for B. already C. since D. ago 32. I have learnt English____________ nine years. A. since B. for C. ago D. yet 33. I ____________ my homework yesterday. A. have done B. did C. haven’t done D. A & B are correct 34. I began to learn English____________ I was in grade 6 A. when B. ago C. for D. since 35. Almost everyone____________ for home by the time we arrived. A. leave B. left C. leaves D. had left 36. By the age of 25, he____________ two famous novels. A. wrote B. wrote C. has written D. had written 37. ____________ to rain before you woke up this morning? A. Did it begin B. Has it begun C. Had it begun D. Would it begin 38. My daughter saw an elephant this morning but she____________ one before. A. had never seen B. has never seen C. never sees D. never had seen 39. My mothers has retired____________. A. for two years B. two years ago C. since D. yet 40. I____________ that I____________ how to use tenses now A. think/ know B. am thinking/ know C. think/ am knowing D. thinks/ knows PHẦN TỰ LUẬN I. Supply the correct verb forms: The Simple Present Tense, the Present Continuous Tense or Present Perfect: 1. Be quiet! The baby (sleep). 2. We seldom (eat) before 6.30. 3. Look! A man (run) after the train. He (want) to catch it. Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 16 4. The sun (set) in the West. 5. It (be) often hot in the summer. 6. I (do) an exercise on the present tenses at this moment and I (think) that I (know) how use it 7. My mother sometimes (buy) vegetables at this market. 8. It (be) very cold now. 9. It (rain) much in summer. It (rain) now. 10. Daisy (cook) some food in the kitchen at present. She always (cook) in the morning. II. Supply the correct forms: Present Tenses: 1. Listen! I (think) someone (knock) at the door. 2. Up to the present we (write) almost every lesson in the book. 3. The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days. 4. The farmer (work) in the field at the moment. 5. How many times you (see) him since he (go) to Edinburgh? 6. Rivers usually (flow) to the sea. 7. Look! The baby (cry). 8. Do you know that man who (smoke) over there? 9. Mrs. Green always (go) to work by bus? 10. We (be) from French. We (be) there for 20 years. III. Supply the correct forms: Past Tenses: 1. Yesterday John (go) to the store before he (go) home. 2. Our teacher (tell) us yesterday that he (visit) England in 1970. 3. When John and I got to the theatre, the movie (start) already. 4. Before Alice (go) to sleep, she (call) her family. 5. When the phone (ring), I (have) dinner. 6. Daisy (agree) with other members in the last meeting. 7. What you (do) at 6 p.m. yesterday? 8. The little girl asked what (happen) to her ice – cream. 9. He (teach) in this school before he (leave) for England. 10. She (win) a gold medal in 1986. IV. Give the correct tenses of the verbs in parentheses: 1. I (make) cakes for my birthday when he came 2. I think he (phone) you as soon as he (know) the news. 3. You (speak) to Mrs. Baker yesterday? - No, I (not see) her for a long time. I cannot remember when I last (see) her. 4. He (leave) home two weeks ago and we (not hear) from him since then. 5. He has slept for ten hours when I (come). 6. They (not come) home until they (see) everything. 7. How often you (go) to your English class? – Well, I (go) there twice a week. 8. She (not go) to the film with us yesterday evening. She (see) it before. 9. I have bought this house since my mother (die). 10. My teacher (teach) English when we came to visit her yesterday. 11. About ten years ago he (disappear) and I (never hear) from him since. 12. How long he (teach) mathematics at our school? – I don’t know for sure. Maybe he (begin) teaching here in 1985. 13. Where you (work) before you (come) here last month? 14. When I (see) her tomorrow, I (remind) her of that. 15. There (be) a lot of animals killed before the law forbidding hunting and fishing (come) in being. Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 17 16. Mark (play) the guitar when he was six. 17. When I (come) to see him yesterday, he was sleeping. 18. After he (go) to school, he (go) to his mother’s store to help her. 19. I dropped my pen when I (run) for the bus this morning. 20. When I (get) there yesterday afternoon, everybody had already gone home. II. Rewrite the following sentences so that their meanings stay the same. 1. It’s ages since my sister was last here. My sister hasn’t ___________________________________ 2. My father began smoking when he was eighteen. My father has _____________________________________ 3. I haven’t spoken to her for two weeks. The last time _____________________________________ 4. It’s the first time he has failed an exam. He has __________________________________________ 5. How long have they been married? When ___________________________________________ III. Build sentences with the cues. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. I always talk / parents / before / make/ an important decision. A survey / conducted / American and Chinese students / determine / attitudes / love and marriage. Vinamilk / just / offered jobs / 27 members / Vietnam’s Women’s Football team. Most / the football players / will / jobless / when / the Games / over. It / Henry Davison / proposed / form / a federation of these National Societies. Conditionals (Mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện) Thường bắt đầu bằng liên từ chỉ điều kiện như if, unless, provided that, once, as long as, on the condition that (nếu, miễn là, với điều kiện là, trừ phi). Các liên từ này dùng để dẫn nhập các mệnh đề phụ chỉ điều kiện Ví dụ: If it is fine tomorrow, I will go for a picnic Nghĩa: Miễn là (if, provided that, on the condition that, as long as) Trừ phi (unless) Có 3 loại câu điều kiện chính Câu điều kiện loại 1 (Conditional Type 1): dùng để chỉ một khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại: If + S + V1, S + will/can + V-inf Ví dụ: If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic. Loại bài tập biến đổi: Câu cho sẵn sẽ có liên từ OR Ví dụ: Be careful or you will make the same mistake again. If you are careful, you will not make the same mistake again. hoặc If you are not careful, you will make the same mistake again. Câu điều kiện loại 2 (Conditional Type 2): dùng để chỉ một điều kiện không có thực hoặc một khả năng không có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại: If + S + V2, S + would/could + V-inf Ví dụ: If I were you, I would go for a picnic Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ đi dã ngoại (tất nhiên tôi không phải là bạn) Loại bài tập biến đổi: Câu cho sẵn sẽ có liên từ BECAUSE, SO Ví dụ: She is too young, so she can have a job now. Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 18 If she were old(er), she would/could have a job now. hoặc If you were not too young, she would/could have a job now Câu điều kiện loại 3 (Conditional Type 3): dùng để chỉ một điều kiện không có thực hoặc một khả năng không có thể xảy ra ở quá khứ: If + S + had V3, S + would/could have + V3 Ví dụ: If it had been fine yesterday, we would have gone for a picnic Loại bài tập biến đổi: Câu cho sẵn sẽ có liên từ BECAUSE, SO Ví dụ: She was ill yesterday, so she didn’t go to school If you had been well yesterday, she would have gone to school hoặc If you had not been ill yesterday, she would have gone to school Một số lưu ý: + Khi viết lại một câu điều kiện (đặc biệt là loại 2, 3) ta phải Lùi thì: Câu đã cho ở Hiện tại câu Điều kiện viết lại ở Quá khứ. Câu đã cho ở Quá khứ câu ĐK viết lại Quá khứ hoàn thành. Đổi thể Câu đã cho ở khẳng định câu điều kiện ở phủ định (thêm NOT) hoặc trái nghĩa (ill not ill hoặc well). PHẦN BÀI TẬP PHẦN BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM I. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence: 1. If there____________ a good programme on TV tonight, I’ll watch it. A. is B. was C. were D. had been 2. John wouldn’t miss his favourite program if he____________ a video recorder. A. buys B. bought C. had bought D. didn’t buy 3. If I had known you were in hospital, I____________ to see you. A. will go B. would go C. went D. would have gone 4. I could tell you what this means if I____________ Greek. A. know B. will know C. knew D. would know 5. My family____________ to the beach for our holiday if we have enough money. A. go B. will go C. would go D. would have gone 6. If I were offered the job, I think I____________ it. A. will take B.would take C. would have taken D. took 7. I’ll send you some information if you____________ me your address. A. will tell B. told C. tells D. tell 8. If I had a typewriter I____________ it myself. A. typed B. would type C. has typed D. will typed 9. If Kate is late again, she____________ her job. A. lose B. loses C. will lose D. would lose 10. If he worked more slowly he____________ so many mistakes. A. wouldn’t make B. won’t make C. didn’t make D. wouldn’t made 11. If I had had a motorbike, I____________ home immediately. A. would go B. would have gone C. would have go D. will go 12. There____________ enough room if everyone comes. A. wouldn’t be B. won’t be C. isn’t D. are 13.You____________ sick if you eat all that ice- cream. A. would be B. will be C. won’t be D. would have been Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 19 14. More tourists would come to this country if it____________ a better climate. A. had B. has had C. has D. had had 15. If he had worked hard, he____________ his examination. A. would pass B. will pass C. would have passed D. wouldn’t have passed 16. If I____________ a big prize in a lottery I’d give up my job. A. won B. had won C. has won D. am won 17. We’ll get wet if we____________ out. A. go B. went C. did go D. had gone 18. You won’t pass the examination____________ you study more. A.as long as B.unless C.if D.whether 19. If I sold my car, I____________ much money for it. A. wouldn’t get B. would get C. wouldn’t have got D. will get 20. If I see him I____________ him a lift. A. gave B. would give C. were given D. will give 21. If the rain____________ , I would have gone for a walk. A. stops B. stopped C. had stopped D. has stopped 22. What will happen if my parachute____________? A. didn’t open B. don’t open C. doesn’t open D. no opened 23. What____________ if you found a burglar in your house? A. will you do B. would you do C. are you doing D. have you done 24. The table won’t collapse____________ you stand on it. A.as long as B.unless C.if D.whether 25. If I had had enough money, I____________ a new motobike. A. would buy B. would have buy C. would have bought D. will buy 26. ____________ I find your passport , I will telephone you at once. A. Till B. Unless C. Until D.If 27. Tom got to the station in time to catch his train. If he____________ the train, he____________ late for his interview. A. missed/would have been B. had missed/would be C. missed/would be D. had missed/would have been 28. I’m sure Sue would understand____________ you explained the situation to her. A. unless B. if C. when D. until 29. He wouldn’t have begun to learn Russian if he____________ the difficulty. A. know B. knew C. has known D. had known 30. It’s good that you reminded me about Lan’s birthday. I____________ if she____________ me. A. would forget/hadn’t reminded B. would have forgotten/didn’t remind C. would forget/didn’t remind D. would have gorgotten/hadn’t reminded 31. You can use my book____________ you look after it carefully. A. whether B. until C. unless D. as long as 32.Unfortunately, I didn’t have my address book with me when I was in New York. I____________ you a postcard if I____________ your address. A.would have sent/had had B.would have sent/had C.would send/had D.would send/had had 33. If we____________ more rain now, our crop____________ faster. A. have/ will grow B. had/ would grow C. will have/ grow D. would have/ grew 34. ____________Tony rings, tell him I’m at Mary’ house. Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 20 A. whether B. if C.unless D. until 35. You don’t ask me. If you____________ me, I____________ it to you. A. ask/ will explain B. asked/ would explain C. will ask/ explain D. would ask/ explained 36. If it____________ a nice day tomorrow, we____________ swimming. A. is/ will go B. will be/ go C. was/ would go D. would be/ go 37. John didn’t install an alarm. If he____________ it, the thieves____________ into his house. A. had installed/ wouldn’t have broken B. had installed/ would have broken C. installed/ would break D. installed/ wouldn’t break 38. ____________ you show your identity card, you won’t be able to get into the examination room. A.if B. providing C.whether D. unless 39. I wasn’t a famous director. If I____________ a famous director, I____________ a film with him. A. was / would make B. would be/ made C. had been/ would have made D. would have been/ had made 40. You won’t be allowed to take the entrance examination to the university____________ you fail the GCSE examination. A. whether B. until C. unless D. as long as 41. We didn’t go because it rained can be rewritten as____________ A. If it hadn’t rained, we would have gone B. If it had rained, we wouldn’t have gone C. If it didn’t rain, we wouldn’t have gone D. If it had rained, we would haven’t gone 42. Peter eats so many chips so he is fat can be rewritten as____________ A. If Peter not ate so many chips, he wouldn’t be fat. B. If Peter ate so many chips, he would be fat. C. If Peter didn’t eat so many chips, he wouldn’t be fat. D. If Peter weren’t fat, he would have eaten so many chips. 43. Do more homework or you won’t pass the exam can be rewritten as____________ A.If you do more homework , you will pass the exam. B. If you do more homework , you won’t pass the exam. C. If you pass the exam , you will do more homework . D. If you don’t more homework , you won’t pass the exam. 44. Sarah doesn’t study hard. She hates school can be rewritten as____________ A. If Sarah hated school, she would study hard. B. If Sarah studied hard, she wouldn’t hate school. C. If Sarah liked school, she would study hard. D. If Sarah studied hard, she would like school. 45. He didn’t hurry, so he missed the train can be rewritten as____________ A.If he had hurried, he wouldn’t have missed the train. B. If he had hurried, he would have caught the train. C. Had he hurried, he would have caught the train. D. All are correct. 46. I can’t translate this. I don’t speak Korean can be rewritten as____________ A. If I didn’t speak Korean, I couldn’t translate this. B. If I spoke Korean, I could translate this. C. If I translated this, I could speak Korean. D. If I didn’t translate this, I couldn’t speak Korean. 47. Prepare the lesson carefully or you will get bad marks can be rewritten as____________ A. If you don’t prepare the lesson carefully, you will get bad marks. Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 21 B. If you prepare the lesson carefully, you won’t get bad marks. C. If you prepare the lesson carefully, you will get good marks. D. All are correct. 48.He lost his job because he was late every day can be rewritten as____________ A.If he had been late every day, he would have lost his job. B. If he hadn’t been late every day, he wouldn’t have lost his job. C. If he hadn’t been late every day, he would have lost his job. D. If he had been late every day, he wouldn’t have lost his job. 49. He is tired. He works twelve hours a day can be rewritten as____________ A. He wouldn’t be tired if he didn’t work twelve hours a day. B. He would be tired if he worked twelve hours a day. C. He wouldn’t work twelve hours a day if he were tired. D. He would work twelve hours a day if he weren’t tired. 50. You didn’t tell me earlier. That’s why I didn’t give it to you can be rewritten as_______ A. I wouldn’t have given it to you if you hadn’t told me earlier. B. I would haven’t given it to you if you had told me earlier. C. I would have given it to you if you had told me earlier. D. Had you told me earlier, I wouldn’t have given it to you . PHẦN BÀI TẬP TỰ LUẬN 1. Viết lại các câu cho dưới đây sao cho nghĩa tương đương với câu đã cho. 1. The music was playing loudly at the restaurant, so I didn’t hear everything Mr. Lee said during the dinner. If_______________________________________________________________________ 2. Debra doesn’t have car. She doesn’t go out in the evening. If_______________________________________________________________________ 3. My husband didn’t leave the car keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station. If_______________________________________________________________________ 4. He is overweight. He eats too much. If_______________________________________________________________________ 5. If Robert had not started smoking cigarettes, he would not have got a bad cough. If_______________________________________________________________________ 6. The test is too difficult for me to finish . If_______________________________________________________________________ 7. They don’t travel far a lot. They are afraid of flying. If_______________________________________________________________________ 8. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes. If_______________________________________________________________________ 9. They don’t read a lot. They can’t find the time. If_______________________________________________________________________ 10. We would get lost if we didn’t have a map. If_______________________________________________________________________ 11. I was able to buy the car only because Hoa lent me the money. If_______________________________________________________________________ 12. Keep silent or you wake the baby up. If_______________________________________________________________________ 13. I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t eat anything. If_______________________________________________________________________ 14. The room would not be cold if they didn’t leave the door open. Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 22 If_______________________________________________________________________ 15. I didn’t know that Lam had to get up early, so I didn’t wake him. If_______________________________________________________________________ 16. I did not get a taxi because I did not have any money on me. If_______________________________________________________________________ 17. Unless the thief had left his gloves at the scene, he wouldn’t have been arrested. If_______________________________________________________________________ 18. I didn’t know you were coming to Hanoi. That’s I went on holiday. If_______________________________________________________________________ 19. Unless you hurry up you will be late for the meeting. If_______________________________________________________________________ 20. She walked to the meeting. She was late. If_______________________________________________________________________ 21. The women didn’t say what she wanted. I put the phone down. If_______________________________________________________________________ 22. They didn’t arrive in time. They didn’t see the ceremony. If_______________________________________________________________________ 23. A bull was blocking the road, so we didn’t arrive on time. If_______________________________________________________________________ 24. If you don’t send the application form on time, you won’t be allowed to take the entrance exam. Unless_______________________________________________________________________ 25. They weren’t paying attention, so we didn’t see the sign marking their exit from the highway. If_______________________________________________________________________ 26. Carol would have answered the phone if she hadn’t been studying. Unless_______________________________________________________________________ 27. The sun was shining, so we went to the beach yesterday. If_______________________________________________________________________ 28. If you don’t have a reference letter, you won’t be able to submit your application form. Unless_______________________________________________________________________ 29. I wasn’t working at the restaurant last night. I didn’t wait on your table. If_______________________________________________________________________ 30. You won’t know what to do unless you listen carefully. If_______________________________________________________________________ 2. Xây dựng các câu với những từ gợi ý. 1. If I / know that / you were there, we / write / you a letter. 2. If / you / write / him, / he / might / reply / letter. 3. If the doctor / have / the morning office hours, he / visit / his patients / the hospital / the morning. 4. Unless he / speak / quickly, / I / could understand / him 5. Without / passport, she / couldn’t / left / country. The clauses and phrases of concession (Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ) Hình thức: 1. The Clause of concession: (Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ) là mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng các liên từ Although, Though, Even though (dù, cho dù, mặc dù) Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 23 Although/ even though/ though + a clause ( S + V...) E.g.: + Although he was ill, he went to school. + Even though they hadn’t eaten for 12 hours, they didn’t feel hungry. 2. The phrases of concession: (Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ) là các cụm từ bắt đầu bằng các từ nối In spite of, Despite (Dù, cho dù ,mặc dù) In spite of / despite + noun/ noun phrase/ V-ing(Gerund) E.g.: + Despite his illness, he went to school. + In spite of not having eaten for 12 hours, they didn’t feel hungry. The clauses and phrases of reason (Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ lý do) Hình thức: 1. The clause of reason: (Mệnh đề chỉ lý do) là mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng các liên từ Because, Since, As (vì, bởi vì) Because / since / as + a clause ( S + V...) E.g.: + Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. + Since she hadn’t been in the rain for hours, she caught a cold. 2. The phrases of reason: (Cụm chỉ lý do ) là các cụm từ bắt đầu bằng các từ nối Because of (Vì, bởi vì) Because of + noun / noun phrase / V-ing(Gerund) E.g.: + Because of his illness, he didn’t go to school yesterday. + Because of having been in the rain for hours, she caught a cold. Qui tắc biến đổi câu từ Mệnh đề sang Cụm từ và ngược lại (áp dụng cho cả 02 loại mệnh đề (Although ↔ In spite of/Despite; Because ↔Because of) 1. Nếu 2 vế cùng chủ ngữ: ta có thể rút gọn mệnh đề bằng cách bỏ chủ ngữ (sau Although/ Even though) và lấy Vpp (câu bị động) hoặc V-ing (câu chủ động) Ví dụ 1: Although she was ill, she still went to school Despite being ill, she still went to school Ví dụ 2: Although she was wounded, she refused to be taken to hospital. In spite of (being) wounded, she refused to be taken to hospital. 2. Nếu sau Because/Although là be + adj/Noun, ta có thể rút gọn bằng cách chuyển Adj thành Noun hoặc lấy Noun sau động từ to be đó Ví dụ: Although it was rainy, the game still went on In spite of the rain, the game still went on 3. Nếu sau Because/Although là V + Adv, ta có thể rút gọn bằng cách chuyển Adv thành Adj và chuyển V thành Noun Ví dụ: Although it rained heavily, she still went to school In spite of the heavy rain, she still went to school Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 24 4. Nếu sau Because/Although là Chủ ngữ +V/ (be) + V3, ta có thể rút gọn bằng cách chuyển V/ V3 thành Noun 1 và Chủ ngữ làm Noun 2 PHẦN BÀI TẬP Exercise 1. Complete sentences with although (even though, though) / despite (in spite of): 1. ____________ he had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong. 1. The pilot will bring the plane down safely____________ the bad weather. 2. ____________ her diet, she eats the chocolate cake. 3. I love music____________ I can’t play any musical instrument. 4. We took many pictures____________ the cloudy sky. 5. ____________ she was teribbly tired, she went on walking. 6. ____________ it was cold, he went swimming. 7. She was admitted to the university____________ her slow grades. 8. ____________ Henry has failed so often, he has never been disappointed. 9. She managed to smile____________ her broken leg. Exercise 2. Fill in the blank with Because of, in spite of ( despite), because or although: 1. ____________ the traffic jam, I came late for the interview. 2. I went to the meeting on time____________ the heavy traffic. 3. They had to cancel the match____________ the bad weather. 4. We decided to catch the early train____________ we knew it would be full of people going to work. 5. ____________ the machine was broken and the restaurant was till closed. 6. ____________ the fact that we were very disappointed, we were determined to enjoy the day. 7. He managed to walk to the first village____________ his broken leg. 8. My brother didn’t pass the exam____________ not studying hard. 9. ____________ studying hard, she didn’t pass the exam. 10. ____________ the fact he was very lazy, he passed the exam. 11. My mother jogs every morning____________ she is very old. 12. ____________ the extremely bad weather, my friends decided to cancel the camping trip. 13. ____________ the salary doesn’t meet my expectations, I will accept the job offer. 14. It looks like they are going to succeed____________ their present difficulties. 15. You had to stop working hard____________ you got sick. 16. It was difficult to deliver the letter____________ there was no address on it. 17. We had to change our trip____________ the bad weather. 18. The chickens were killed in thousands____________ the disease. 19. We had to call her____________ her baby was ill. 20. He had to repeat class____________ his poor grades. 21. We shouldn’t leave the party early____________ it was boring. 22. They visited her often____________ she retired 5 years ago. 23. She wasn’t awarded the scholarship____________ working hard.. 24. He was awarded the scholarship____________ his talents.. 25. I couldn’t go to the park yesterday afternoon____________ it rained heavily. 26. The inhabitants here don’t want to leave their village____________ they love their beautiful age-old tradition. 27. The children were swimming for hours____________ the water was cold. 28. ____________ the heavy rain, the place is flooded. 29. ____________ too much littering on the sidewalk, we don’t like to take a walk here. 30. Ann works very hard for the exam____________ her poor health. Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 25 31. ____________ the rapid development of supermarkets, the traditional market may continue to exist. 32. There have been a lot of accidents on this road____________ too many potholes on it. 33. ____________ his successful business, he encourages his children to work hard and earn their own living. 34. Mrs. Brown is very happy____________ her son’s success in the exam. 35. ____________ his low income, Mr. Johnson tried to send his four children to university. 36. My friend was very sad____________ her mother’s death last week. 37. The picnic was delayed____________ the storm. 38. 38. Yesterday we didn’t go to school____________ our teacher’s sickness. 39. 39.Everyone loves her____________ her good behaviour. 40. The meeting wasn’t postponed____________ the president’s absence. Reported speech PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT 1. Reported Imperatives (dạng câu mệnh lệnh) Mẫu tóm tắt Người nói + told/tell(s) + người nghe + (not) to + động từ + phần nội dung Chú giải: tell(s) có nghĩa là tell hoặc tells khi chủ ngữ là He, She, It hoặc 01 người Say(s), said sẽ được biến thành tell(s), told (not) nghĩa là phải thêm nó vào khi phần nội dung của câu ra lệnh bắt đầu bằng DON’T Phải có đầy đủ người nói + người nghe Các từ đệm như please, really, OK sẽ được lược bỏ khi thuật lại Mỗi câu thuật lại có 2 phần: + Phần nội dung (nằm trong ngoặc): ‘...’ ‘Come in, please”, “Don’t come in” + Phần giới thiệu (nằm ngoài ngoặc kép) thường là người nói + động từ ra lệnh Một số lưu ý khi thuật lại: Đưa phần giới thiệu lên trước phần nội dung. Phải có đủ 3 yếu tố người nói + động từ ra lệnh + người nghe Động từ ra lệnh thường là Tell(s) ai hoặc Told (ai) ( đặc biệt nếu động từ cho trước là say(s), said thì phải đổi là tell(s), told) Thêm TO trước động từ trong câu thuật lại Ví dụ: “Come in”, he said : He told (me/her) to come in. Đổi Don’t thành Not to Ví dụ: “Don’t come”, he said to me He told me not to come Trường hợp các câu ở dạng câu kể (Statements) nhưng được thuật lại ở dạng ra lệnh Loại câu này có dạng câu khẳng định, phủ định hoặc câu hỏi. ' If I were you, I would phone him immediately'. 'Would you like to have a cup of tea?' 'You must not enter this area without permission' Các câu ở dạng này vẫn được thuật lại theo cấu trúc: người nói + động từ ra lệnh + người nghe + (not) to + V-inf Khi thuật lại các câu ở dạng này, điều cần thiết là phải xác định đúng V-inf trong câu trực tiếp; động từ ra lệnh (TOLD) có thể được thay bằng một động từ khác (ADVISED, BEGGED, RECOMMENDED, SUGGESTED…) tuỳ theo nghĩa cụ thể ở từng câu ' If I were you, I would phone him immediately' Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 26 He told me to phone him immediately (TOLD = ADVISED) 'Would you like to have a cup of tea?' He told me to have a cup of tea (TOLD= INVITED) 'You must not enter this area without permission' He told me not to enter that erea without permission (TOLD= ORDERED) Cách thức thuật lại một câu kể: Cũng giống câu ra lệnh, câu kể có 2 phần: + Phần nội dung: là một câu khẳng định hoặc phủ định Ví dụ: “I am going to Hanoi next week” “ She didn’t go to school today” + Phần giới thiệu: người nói + động từ thuật lại + (người nghe + that) + nội dung cần thuật lại. Trong loại câu này, (người nghe + that) có thể không cần Một số lưu ý khi thuật lại một câu kể: Khác với câu ra lệnh (chỉ thêm to hoặc not to vào trước nội dung câu ra lệnh), khi thuật lại một câu kể phải đổi đủ 3 yếu tố sau Lùi 1 thì (câu trực tiếp ở Hiện tại Quá khứ): Hiện tại đơn QK đơn; Hiện tại tiếp diễn QK tiếp diễn; Hiện tại Hoàn thành QK hoàn thành Đổi ngôi: các từ chỉ người như you, I, me, us, your...) đổi theo người nói và người nghe tùy theo nghĩa của từng câu (cần phải hiểu nghĩa câu) Biến đổi trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian: next the next, the following; last the previous; ago before, today that day; tomorrow the day after; yesterday the previous day; this that. Một số lưu ý cần nắm khi thuật lại một câu hỏi: 1. Cũng giống như câu kể (statement), khi thuật lại một câu hỏi, ta phải lùi thì, đổi ngôi và trạng từ nếu động từ giói thiệu ở Quá khứ đơn. 2. Đưa người hỏi và người nghe lên đầu câu (khi chúng ở cuối câu). 3. Thêm IF hoặc WHETHER trước câu hỏi dạng YES/NO questions. 4. Động từ giới thiệu được chuyển về ASK/ASKED nếu nó là SAY/SAID 5. Nếu câu hỏi trong “…” không có ngôi 2 (You, your) thì câu thuật lại không cần có người nghe. 6. Nếu câu hỏi trong “…” có ngôi 2 (you, your) mà không cho người nghe, ta có thể thêm một người nghe tuỳ ý (thông thường là him/her/ them). 7. Nếu câu hỏi trong “…” có tên người ( ,Mr Jones) thì đó chính là người nghe. Vì vậy, khi thuật lại ta đưa người đó ra ngoài câu. 8. Nếu câu hoi trong “…” có sir/madame thì đây chính là người nghe, nên khi thuật lại, ta đưa chúng ra ngoài (lưu ý: sir the man còn madame the woman) Nếu câu hỏi trong “…” có 2 vế: một vế là câu hỏi còn vế kia là câu kể: ta đổi từng vế riêng lẻ (đổi kiểu câu kể và đổi kiểu câu hỏi) BÀI TẬP TỰ LUẬN: Đổi những câu sau sang câu gián tiếp 1. “Don’t repeat this mistake!” the instructor warned the sportsman. 2. “Leave your address with the secretary” the aisstant said to me. 3. “Phone me for an answer tomorrow” the manager said to client. 4. “Don’t be so silly” Mr.John said to his wife. 5. “Give a smile” the photographer said to me. 6. “Please, help me to make a decision” Ann anked her friend. 7. “Be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes” the nurse said to the child. 8. “Leave your things here” my companion advised me. 9. “Don’t dicuss this question now” the teacher said to me. 10. “Have you travelled abroad much?” he asked me. 11. “Who has written this note?” the boss said to the secretary. Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 27 12. “I’ve just received a poscard from my sister” my friend said to me. 13. “Have you beeb here long” the stranger said to me. 14. “The student also took part in arranging the conference” my friend said to me. 15. Tom said to the girl “When did you have this picture taken?” 16. “Shall we go somewhere for a cup of coffee after class” Tom said. 17. John said to Marry “Why don’t you wear your hair a little longer” 18. My sister said to me “Are you crazy?” 19. She asked me “Have you ever sees a flying saucer?” 20. James said “Do you want me to send this letter for you” 21. “I’ll take you to the zoo tomorrow” my mother said to me. 22. Jane said to Bill “When do you expect to finish your assignment?” 23. The man said to the boy “Can you show me thhe way to the bank?” 24. The man asked the postman “Are there any letters for me today” 25. Henrry said to the librarian “How many books can I borrow at a time” 26. John asked his friend “How did you manage to know my telephone number?” 27. Rose said “I was just leaving for the office” 28. Ann asked her brother “What are you planning to do tomorrow?” 29. She asked her boyfriend “Is it true that your father fought in the last war?” 30. He said “I don’t understand why she has refused to join us on the trip” Relative Clauses Mệnh đề quan hệ bắt đầu bằng 1 trong các đại từ quan hệ như: Who, whom nếu chủ từ của nó là người. Which nếu chủ từ của nó là vật. That có thể dùng để thay thế cho các trường hợp trên (who, whom, which) Whose nếu sau có có 1 danh từ chỉ sở hữu (The man whose house is...............) Where nếu chủ từ của nó là một nơi chốn. When nếu chủ từ của nó là một thời điểm. Why nếu chủ từ của nó là một lý do. Sau Where, Why, When phải có chủ ngữ (The day when you go away...............) Where, why, When có thể thay bằng giới từ + Which (The day when = The day on which..) Mệnh đề Quan hệ không giới hạn (có dầu phẩy) được sử dụng nếu chủ từ của nó là Tên riêng (Nam, Mary) có Sở hữu tính từ (Your, Her…), có đại từ chỉ định (This, That, These, Those) Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn không được dùng That. That buộc phải dùng nếu trong câu so sánh nhất và chủ từ đó là danh từ chỉ một (The Sun, The tallest girl..) That = whom = which ( khi nó đóng vai trò tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn chúng ta có thể bỏ được ( trong trường hợp này sẽ xuất hiện Ø trong dạng câu trắc nghiệm ). Sau giới từ chỉ được dùng WHOM hoặc WHICH Giới từ đi trước đại từ quan hệ có thể xác định dựa vào động từ (ví dụ depend on, talk to) - The man to whom you talked yesterday is Mr. Pitt. Ta có thể tóm tắt cách dùng các đại từ quan hệ theo bảng sau đây: For person Subject Who ( that) Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Object Who/ whom Possessive whose Trang 28 For thing Which (that) Which Whose/ of which Dạng rút gọn Mệnh đề quan hệ (Reduced forms of Relative Clauses) 1. Dùng cụm phân từ (Participle phrase) để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ. Có 2 loại cụm phân từ : a. Cụm phân từ hiện tại (Present participle phrase) = V-ing đối với mệnh đề quan hệ chủ động (active) . Ví dụ: - The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle. The man sitting next to you is my uncle. - Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night? Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night? b. Cụm phân từ quá khứ ( Past participle phrase) = Ved / V3 đối với mệnh đề quan hệ bị động (Passive) Vi dụ : - The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting. The books written by To Hoai are interesting. - The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. Pike. The house built now belongs to Mr. Pike. 2. Dùng To- Infinitice: Sử dụng To-Infinitive hoặc To-Infinitive phrase ( for + O + to-inf) có thể rút gọn một mệnh đề quan hệ. (Thường dùng để chỉ mục đích của Danh từ đi trước nó: ĐỂ) Ví dụ: - English is an important language which we have to master. English is an important language to master. - There is a good restaurant where we can eat good food. There is a good restaurant to eat good food. - There’s a lot of work which has to be done. There’s a lot of work to be done. - Here is a form that you must fill in. Here is a form to fill in. PHẦN BÀI TẬP Phần bài tập trắc nghiệm : Bài tập 1: Chọn Đại từ quan hệ phù hợp 1. She gives her children everything____________ they want. A. that B. who C. whom D. what 2. Tell me____________ you want and I’ll try to help you. A. that B. what C. whom D. which 3. The place____________ we spent our holiday was really beautiful. A. what B. where C. who D. which 4. What was the name of the girl____________ passport was stolen? A. whose B. who C. which D. when 5. Long is the only person____________ understands me. A. whose B. who C. which D. that 6. The bed____________ I slept in was too soft. A. whose B. who C. which D. where 7. The man____________ she is married to has been married twice before. A. whose B. who C. which D. whom 8. Why do you always disagree with everything____________ I say? A. whose B. who C. whom D. that 9. This is an awful film. It is the worst film____________ I have ever seen. A. whose B. who C. which D. that. 10. The hotel____________ we stayed was not clean. A. when B. who C. which D. where Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 29 11. The last time____________ I saw her, she looked very beautiful. A. where B. who C. which D. when 12. What as the name of the people____________ car had broken down? A. whose B. who C. which D. that 13. I recently went back to the town____________ I was born. A. where B. who C. which D. when 14. The reason____________ I phoned him was to invite him to a party. A. why B. what C. which D. when 15. I don’t agree with____________ you have just said. A. whose B. who C. which D. what 16. She told me her address____________ I wrote on a piece of paper. A. whose B. who C. which D. when 17. The dress didn’t fit her, so she took it back to the shop____________ she had bought it. A. where B. who C. which D. when 18. Do you know the girl____________ Tom is talking to? A. whose B. whom C. which D. what 19. I gave her all the money____________ I had. A. what B. that C. which D. when 20. The party____________ we went to wasn’t very enjoyable. A. what B. who C. which D. where 21. The stories____________ Tom tells are usually very funny. A. A. whose B. who C. which D. when 22. I met the woman____________ can speak 6 languages. A. whose B. who C. which D. whom 23. Have you seen the money____________ was on the table? A. whose B. who C. which D. whom 24. Where is the picture____________ was on the wall? A. where B. who C. which D. when 25. I don’t like people____________ never stop talking. A. whose B. who C. which D. whom 26. Why does she always wear clothes____________ are too small for her? A. whose B. who C. which D. when 27. The factory____________ John works in is the biggest in town. A. whose B. who C. which D. where 28. Have you ever seen the photographs____________ An took? A. whose B. who C. that D. whom 29. Everybody____________ went to the party enjoyed it very much. A. whose B. who C. that D. whom 30. 1945 was the year____________ the Second World War ended. A. whose B. who C. which D. when 31. Is there a shop near here____________ I can buy a postcard? A. where B. who C. which D. when 32. I argued with the woman____________ dog bit me. A. whose B. who C. which D. whom 33. The house____________ I am living is not in very good condition. A. where B. who C. which D. when 34. Have you found the key____________ you lost? Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 30 A. whose B. who C. which D. when 35. The fish____________ we had for dinner was really delicious. A. whose B. who C. which D. what 36. The man____________ the police arrested has been now released. A. whose B. who C. which D. where 37. The policeman____________ stopped our car wasn’t very friendly. A. whose B. who C. which D. whom 38. An aeroplane is a machine____________ flies. A. whose B. who C. which D. what 39. The butcher is a person____________ sells meat. A. whose B. who C. which D. when 40. The big clock ____________ used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since. A. whose B. that is C. what D. which 41. The pollution ___________ they were speaking is getting worse. A. that B. about which C. which D. whom 42. The engineer ___________ our company relies is on holiday. A. who B. on whom C. whose D. whom 43. Wednesday is the day _________ a tour guide leads a tour around the town's historical places. A. when B.which C. whose D. where 44. The town ___________ the folk festival is taking place is usually a quiet resort. A. when B. where C. whom D. which 45. We always hold a family barbecue in our garden on Independence Day, ______ was on a Tuesday this year. A. what B. that C. when D. which Bài tập 2: Chọn câu đúng 1. Mrs. Loan is a biologist. Her father is a botanist. A. Mrs. Loan is a biologist whose father is a botanist. B. Mrs. Loan is a biologist who father is a botanist. C. Mrs. Loan is a biologist whom father is a botanist. D. Mrs. Loan is a biologist father is a botanist 2. This is a book. I bought it at the bookstore. A. This is a book which I bought at the bookstore. B. This is a book that I bought at the bookstore.. C. This is a book of which I bought at the bookstore. D. (A) and (B) are correct. 3. John is the man. We are going to recommend him for the job. A. John is the man whose we are going to recommend for the job. B. John is the man, whom we are going to recommend him for the job. C. John is the man whom we are going to recommend for the job. D. (B) and (C) are correct 4. Tom found the cat. Its leg was broken. A. Tom found the cat which leg was broken. B. Tom found the cat of which its leg was broken. C. Tom found the cat whose leg was broken. D. (B) and (C) are correct 5. Dalat is a famous city for sightseeing. Have you ever gone to it? A. Have you ever gone to Dalat, where is a famous city for sightseeing? B. Have you ever gone to Dalat, in which is a famous city for sightseeing? C. Have you ever gone to Dalat, which is a famous city for sightseeing? D. (A) and (B) are correct. 6. They are talking about John. Do you know him? A. They are talking about John who Do you know? B. Do you know John whom they are talking about? C. Do you know John about whom they are talking? D. (B) and (C) are correct Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 31 7. She doesn’t want to speak to the reason. She divorced her husband for this reason. A. She doesn’t want to speak to the reason why she divorced her husband. B. She doesn’t want to speak to the reason why she divorced her husband for this reason. C. She doesn’t want to speak to the reason that she divorced her husband. D. She doesn’t want to speak to the reason which she divorced her husband. 8. Jack loves his parents’ house. He was born in that house. A. Jack loves his parents’ house where he was born in that house. B. Jack loves his parents’ house where he was born . C. Jack loves his parents’ house in which he was born D. (B) and (C) are correct 9. I was very happy to get your letter. Thank you very much for it. A. I was very happy to get your letter which thank you very much . B. Thank you very much for your letter which I was very happy to get C. Thank you very much for your letter which I was very happy to get it . D. (B) and (C) are correct 10. That woman didn’t love him. He wanted to marry her. A. That woman didn’t love him whom he wanted to marry. B. That woman, whom he wanted to marry, didn’t love him. C. That woman who he wanted to marry didn’t love him. D. That woman, that he wanted to marry, didn’t love him. 11. The man is my father. I respect most his opinions. A. The man is my father whose opinions I respect most. B. The man is my father, whose opinions I respect most. C. The man is my father whom opinions I respect most. D. The man is my father whom I respect most opinions. 12. There are some regions in Africa. Animal life is threatened seriously in these regions. A. There are some regions in Africa, where animal life is threatened seriously in these regions B. There are some regions in Africa, where animal life is threatened seriously. C. There are some regions in Africa, in which animal life is threatened seriously. D. (B) and (C) are correct 13. The reason is due to human survival. For that reason we have to conserve nature. A. The reason why we have to conserve nature is due to human survival. B. The reason which we have to conserve nature is due to human survival. C. The reason that we have to conserve nature is due to human survival. D. The reason is due to human survival why we have to conserve nature. 14. Mr. John was away on holiday. The manager wanted to see him. A. Mr. John, who was away on holiday, the manager wanted to see . B. Mr. John, whom was away on holiday, the manager wanted to see. C. Mr. John, that was away on holiday, the manager wanted to see. D. Mr. John whom was away on holiday the manager wanted to see. 15. That hotel was excellent. We stayed there last year. A. That hotel, where we stayed there last year, was excellent. B. That hotel where was excellent we stayed last year. C. That hotel, where was excellent, we stayed last year. D. (A) and (C) are correct 16. Did you see the woman? Her husband was taken to hospital. A. Did you see the woman who husband was taken to hospital? B. Did you see the woman whom husband was taken to hospital? Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 32 C. Did you see the woman that husband was taken to hospital? D. Did you see the woman whose husband was taken to hospital? 17. I will never forget my friends. I met them on my vacation. A. I will never forget my friends who I met on my vacation. B. I will never forget my friends, whom I met on my vacation. C. I will never forget my friends whose I met on my vacation. D. I will never forget my friends, that I met on my vacation. 18. She left on the day. I have never forgotten then. A. She left on the day when I have never forgotten. B. She left on the day which I have never forgotten. C. She left on the day on which I have never forgotten. D. (A) and (C) are correct 19. His mother is very trustworthy. He can rely on her now. A. His mother, whom he can rely on now, is very trustworthy. B. His mother, who he can rely on now, is very trustworthy. C. His mother, that he can rely on now, is very trustworthy. D. His mother whom he can rely on now is very trustworthy. 20. Do you know the building? The windows of the building are painted green. A. Do you know the building whose windows are painted green? B. Do you know the building whose the windows are painted green? C. Do you know the building whose the windows of the building are painted green? D. Do you know the building, whose windows are painted green? PHẦN BÀI TẬP TỰ LUẬN Loại bài tập 1: Viết lại câu sau cho tương đương về nghĩa với câu đã cho. 1. The man was away on holiday. The manager wanted to see him. The man _____________________________________________ 2. Did you see the woman? Her husband was taken to hospital. Did you _____________________________________________? 3. They are watching a program. It tells about victims of wars. The program _____________________________________________ 4. We were born in a city. It was famous for sightseeing. The city _________________________________________________ 5. The woman is talking to Mr. Long. He is a very famous doctor. Mr. Long ________________________________________________ Loại bài tập 2: Viết các câu hoàn chỉnh dùng các từ/ cụm từ gợi ý. 1. People / change / the environment / building cities / villages / forests once stood. 2. Mrs. Brown / the first winner / dog / won / three prizes / the same show. 3. Vietnam / export / a lot / rice / grown / mainly / the south / the country. 4. Mary / late yesterday, / unusual / her. 5. The success / a shared holiday / depend / you share it /. The Articles 1. Cách dùng mạo từ không xác định A/ An Dùng với danh từ chỉ nghề nghiệp (a teacher) Dùng với danh từ đếm được số ít mà không được xác định bởi bất cứ một mệnh đề hay cụm từ nào Ex: She is just a baby Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 33 2. Cách dùng mạo từ xác định THE Dùng mạo từ xác định trước các danh từ được lặp lại lần thứ hai trở lên Ex: There is a bedroom and a living room. The bedroom is big. Trước các danh từ chỉ vật duy nhất Ex: The moon is full tonight Trước danh từ được xác định bởi các mệnh đề hay cụm từ. Ex: This is the present which my father gave me last week. Trước các danh từ số ít chỉ chủng loại Ex: The lion is fast disappearing Trước tên các nhạc cụ Ex: She can’t play the piano but she can play the guitar Trước tên các đại dương, sông , dãy núi Ex: The Thames flows into the North Sea Trước tên một quốc gia có hai từ hay tận cùng bằng số nhiều Ex: Have you ever lived in the United States? Trước dạng so sánh nhất, số thứ tự Ex: She is the tallest in my class. 3. Không dùng mạo từ xác định THE trong những trường hợp sau: Before lake, mountain in singular (lake Geneva) Before common nouns (I love flowers) Before attractive nouns (Freedom, happiness) Before names of subjects (mathematics, physics) Before names of nations with one word (China, France) Before names of sports (baseball, basketball) Before holiday, occasion (Christmas, Thanksgiving) Before names of stars (Venus, Mars) Before names of college or University, before nouns with ordinal number after (Danang University, World War One) Names of continents (Europe, Africa) Before names of states (Florida, Ohio, California) Before names of meals (Dinner, lunch, breakfast) Before names of towns , provinces ... street , square (New York, Glasgow, Regent Street ...) Before names hotel , restaurant , bank (McDonalds restaurant , Barclays bank) Exercise 1: Put A, An, The or Ø in each space to complete the following sentences. 1. We went by____________ train to the west of England. 2____________ people who live in____________ Scotland are called____________ Scots. 3. ____________ Columbus was one of____________ first people to cross____________ Atlantic. 4. Davis learned to play____________ violin when he was at____________ university. 5. Did you read____________ book I lent you____________last week? 6. Is that____________ present Bill gave you for____________ Christmas? 7. ____________ computer has already changed____________ our lives dramatically. 8. There was____________ accident yesterday at____________ corner of____________ street. 9. I need____________ time to think about____________ offer you gave me. 10. ____________ little knowledge is____________ dangerous things. Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences. 1. Did they climb____________ Rocky mountains? A. the B. Ø C. a D. A &C are correct 2____________ is famous for small beautiful islands. Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 34 A. the Philippines B. Philippines C. the Philippine D. all are wrong 3. Your first stop in____________ United States is in____________ San Francisco A. a / the B. the/ a C. the/ Ø D. the/ the 4. Did they drive along____________? A. the Pacific Coast B. Pacific coast C. Coast of Pacific D. A &C are correct 5. They went to____________ last year. A. the New Zealand B. the New Zealands C. New Zealand D. all are wrong 6. Are you interested in climbing____________? A. Mount Fuji B. the Fuji C. the Fuji mount D. the Mount of Fuji 7. My brother is studying at____________ Quy Nhon Teachers’ Training College. A. a B. the C. an D. Ø 8. My sister often goes to____________ school by bus. A. a B. the C. an D. Ø 9. Have you ever visited____________? A. the Danang University B. Danang University C. University Danang D. University of Danang 10. She lives on____________ A. Tran Phu Street B. the Tran Phu Street C. Street Tran Phu D. Street of Tran Phu 11. They went to____________ last year. A. Netherlands B. Netherland C. the Netherlands D. a Netherland 12. They took a boat trip on____________ A. The Mekong B. Mekong C. Mekong River D. River Mekong 13. We rowed our boat around____________ A. West Lake B. the West Lake C. Lake West D. Lake of West 14. A man and a woman were standing outside my house. ____________ man looked English but I think____________ woman was an Asian. A. the/a B. a/the C. a/a D. the/the 15. For breakfast I had____________ sandwich and____________ apple. The sandwich wasn’t very nice. A. the/an B. a/the C. a/an D. the/the 16. What is____________ longest river in____________ world? A. the/a B. a/the C. a/a D. the/the 17. We often watch____________ television. A. the B. a C. an D. Ø 18. ____________rose is my favorite color. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 19. Tom is____________very kind boy. A. an B. a C. the D. Ø 20. She is____________ most intelligent student in my class. A. an B. a C. the D. Ø 21. What do you often have for____________ dinner? A. an B. a C. the D. Ø 22. How often do you go to____________ school? A. an B. a C. the D. Ø 23. Kon Tum is famous for____________ honey in____________ Ngoc Linh Mount. A. the/a B. a/the C. the/ the D. Ø Ø 24. My father goes to work by____________ bus. He often catches____________ last one to come home. A. the/a B. a/the C. Ø the D. Ø Ø 25. She isn’t____________ first person I love but____________ last woman I choose to get married. Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 35 A. the/a B. a/the C. the/ the D. Ø Ø Prepositions I. Prepositions of time (Giới từ chỉ thời gian) + In : - century (in the 19th century…): thế kỷ - decade (in the 1990s…): thập kỷ - season (in the summer…) : mùa - month (in January…) tháng - parts of day (in the morning…): buổi + On: - days of the week (on Wednesday…): thứ - dates (on October 7…): ngày tháng năm - that day + At: - time of day (at 6 p.m., …) : giờ - night/ noon/ midday, Christmas… - two or three days - meal time + For/ Since: - duration of time (for three days…) - point in time (since October 3, since we were there…) + From…. to: beginning time …. ending (from 8 a.m. to 5 p. m., from 2002 to 2005) + Between …. and…between 5 p.m. and 8 p.m. + Till/ Until: point in time (until March, till Sunday) II. Prepositions after Verbs - accuse sb. of sth.: đỗ thừa cho ai làm cái gì - insist on : nài nỉ - admire sb. of sth.: khâm phục ai về điều gì - join in: tham gia - agree with: đồng ý với ai - look after: chăm sóc - apologize to sb. for sth.: Xin lỗi ai về điều gì - look at: nhìn - apply for: xin (việc) - look for: tìm kiếm - apply to: - look forward to: mong chờ = expect - ask for: xin (tiền) - major in: - ask about: hỏi về - object to sb. / V-ing: phản đối ai - beg for sth.: van xin - participate in = join in= take part in: tham gia - believe in : tin tưởng - pay for: trả cho - belong to sb.: thuộc về ai - prefer …to….; - blame sb. for sth.: đổ lỗi cho ai làm gì - prepare for: chuẩn bị cho - borrow sth. from sb.: mượn cái gì của ai - prevent sb./ sth.from: ngăn cản ai/ cái gì khỏi - call off: hủy bỏ - qualify for: - complain about : than phiền về - rely on : phụ thuộc - concentrate on : tập trung - result from: - congratulate sb. on sth: chúc mừng ai về cái gì - stop sb. / sth.from: ngăn cản ai/ cái gì khỏi - depend on/ rely on: phụ thuộc - succeed in: thành công - die of: chết vì - thank for: cảm ơn về - discourage sb.from: cản ngăn, làm ai nản lòng - wait at somewhere: đợi ở đâu - get married to someone: kết hôn với ai - wait for sb. Đợi ai - give up: từ bỏ - warn about: - graduate from: tốt nghiệp từ - worry about : Lo lắng về - impress with: ấn tượng với * Prepositions after Adjectives :TO BE + ADJECTIVES + PREPOSITIONS Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 36 1. OF: - afraid : sợ - ashamed : xấu hổ - aware: ý thức - capable: có khả năng - confident: tự tin - fond: thích 2. TO - accustomed: quen với - available to sb.: rỗi để gặp ai - clear: rõ ràng - contrary: trái lại - delightful to sb.: thích thú - equal: bằng - familiar to sb.: giống ai - grateful to sb for sth: biết ơn ai về điều gì - harmful to sb. (for sth.) - important: quan trọng 3. FOR - available for sth.: có thể dùng - convenient: tiện lợi - dangerous: nguy hiểm - difficult: khó - famous: nổi tiếng về - good for : tốt cho - grateful for sth.Biết ơn về điều gì - helpful/ useful: có ích 4. AT - amazed: ngạc nhiên - amused: buồn cười - bad : dở - clever: giỏi/ thông minh 5. WITH - acquainted: quen với - angry with sb.: giận giữ với ai - bored: nản, chán - busy: bận rộn - crowded: đông đúc 6. ABOUT Tài liệu Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT- năm học 2013-2014 - full: đầy - hopeful: hy vọng - independent: tự lập - proud: tự hào - quick: linh lợi - necessary to sth./ sb.: cần thiết đối với cái gì/ ai - next: kề, gần - open: mở ra cho - pleasant:dễ chịu - preferable: thích hơn - responsible to sb./ sth: chịu trách nhiệm trước ai - rude: thô lỗ - similar: tương tự - useful to sb.: - late; trễ - perfect: hoàn hảo - qualified: có đủ năng lực - ready for sth.: sẵn sàng cho - responsible for sth. - sorry : có lỗi vì - suitable: phù hợp - angry at sth.: giận dữ về - annoy at sth.: phiền toái - excellent: xuất sắc - delighted with: rất hài lòng, vui thích - friendly: thân thiện - furious: giận dữ - pleased: hài lòng - popular: phổ biến Trang 37 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM - anxious: lo lắng - disappointed about sth.: thất vọng về - excited: hồi hộp - happy: vui vẽ, hạnh phúc 7. IN - interested in : thích thú, quan tâm - successful: thành công 8. FROM - isolated: cô lập - different: khác với - divorced: xa rời khỏi - sad: buồn - serious: nghiêm trọng - worried: lo lắng - rich : giàu có - confident in somebody: tin tưởng ai - absent: vắng mặt - safe: an toàn - far: cách xa PHẦN BÀI TẬP Exercise 1: Put in the missing preposition. 1. We’re having a party____________ Saturday. Can you come? A. in B. during C. at D. on 2. Sue isn’t usually here____________weekends. She goes away. A. in B. during C. at D. on 3. The train service is very good. The trains are nearly always____________ time. A. in B. during C. at D. behind 4. I couldn’t decide whether or not to buy the sweater. ____________ the end I decided to leave it. A. In B. Since C. At D. By 5. The road is busy all the time, even____________ night. A. in B. during C. at D. on 6. I met a lot of nice people____________ my stay in New York. A. in B. during C. at D. on 7. I saw Helen____________ Friday, but I haven’t seen her____________ then. A. on/ since B. during/ since C. at/ from D. on/ from 8. My father has been doing the same job____________ five years. A. in B. during C. for D. since 9. Linh’s birthday is____________ the end of March. A. in B. during C. at D. by 10. Don’t ask me to decide. I’m not very good____________ making decisions. A. in B. during C. at D. on 11. Some people say that Sue is unfriendly, but she’s always very nice____________ me. A. in B. to C. with D. on 12. He’s very brave. He is not afraid____________ anything. A. in B. of C. at D. on 13. I’m surprised____________ the amount of traffic today. I didn’t think it would be so busy. A. in B. during C. at D. on 14. Thank you very much____________ the presents you have given us. Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 38 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM A. in B. for C. at D. on 15. Paul is a keen photographer. He likes taking pictures____________ people A. in B. during C. of D. from Exercise 2: Choose the preposition/ verb/ verb+ preposition that best fits the blank space in the sentence. 1. New York is famous____________ its skyscrapers. (of/ for/ to/ about) 2. The library is close____________ the learning resource center. (of/ for/ to/ with) 3. She’s lived here____________ 2001. (sine/ in/ during/ about) 4. Our bonuses are dependent____________ good profits. (in/ of/ on/ to) 5. He is famous____________ his wealth. (of/ for/ with/ at) 6. She holds an opinion contrary____________ mine. (with/ for/ to/ about) 7. The cook insists____________ the finest meat and fish. (of/ in/ with/ on) 8. Many people are dying____________ various types of cancers. (of/ in/ by/ with) 9. ____________ the end of the book, they get married and live happily ever father. (ai/ in/ on/ to) 10. Michael didn’t get home____________ 2 a.m. (since/ for/ to/ until) 11. The terrorists attacked____________ the morning of the 11th of September 2001. (in/ on/ at/ of) 12. Michael waited____________ the bus stop for over thirty minutes. (for/ at/ on/ in) 13. I have warned you____________ the difficulties you have to face when applying for the job. (on/ for/ with/ about) 14. My brother has just got married____________ Lan, my closest friend. (at/ with/ to/ for) 15. Her husband is famous____________ his works of charity. (of/ to/ for/ about) 16. The student over there reminds me____________ someone I know. 17. These regulations protect their company____________ being bankrupt. (from/ behind/ on/ of) 18. I heard a big noise and woke____________ at 2 :30 this morning. (from/ up/ on/ of) 19. Would you like to listen____________ some music while waiting? (of/ in/ with/ to) 20. Thank you____________ helping me. (of/ in/ for/ from) 21. Do you agree____________ me____________ the answer to this question? (to-with/ with-on/ withfrom/ with-about ) 22. I wish I would apply____________ a job now. (for/ on/ with/ about) 23. You should prepare____________ the exam well. (on/ about/ with/ for) 24. I’m concentrating____________ preparing for the first examination. (from/ up/ on/ of) 25. I hope to____________ in the first examination. (of/ in/ with/ to) 26. How much did you____________ for this meal? (ask/ pay/ qualify/ thank) 27. Why don’t you____________ your teacher for advice about your major ? (ask/ pay/ qualify/ thank) 28. As students, I think we should____________ in the Green Summer Campaign. (succeed/ interested/ participate/ concentrate) 29. I don’t want to rely____________ my parents. (from/ up/ on/ of) 30. I’d like to____________ you____________ on your recent success. (prepare-for/ concentrate-on/ focus-on/ congratulate-on) 31. Did the teacher accuse him____________ cheating? (of/ in/ for/ from) 32. We should remind Lan____________ her recent studying. (of/ in/ with/ to) 33. That player was punished____________ his bad behavior. (of/ in/ for/ from) 34. You can borrow these books____________ our library. (of/ in/ from/ to) Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 39 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM 35. She____________ her company from bankrupcy. (prevented/ graduated/ borrowed/ escaped) 36. His difficulty in understanding math results __________ a childhood illness. (in/ from/ about/ into) 37. They were accused __________ robbing the bank last week. (for/ of/ from/ on) 38. I'd like everyone to participate ________ the discussion group. (in/ into/ with/ to) 39. My brother wants to apply____________ Da Nang University. (in/ into/ with/ to) 40. The students participated _________ an essay contest. (to/ with/ in/ into) 41. "I'm rather bad _________ physics." ~"I suppose you should work hard ________ it." (at-on/ for-on/ for-at/ at-for) 42. I hope you succeed _______ this research. (about/ with/ in/ to) 43. That students always disagrees _______ me. (to/ on/ for/ with) 44. "What does your brother ________ in?" - "In economics." (apply/ result/ study/ major) 45. Ann's disappointed that she hasn't been qualified __________ the next round in the tennis competition. (in/ about/ with/ for) 46. To save money for your higher education, I think you should ask __________ some financial advice. (onto/ for/ to/ about) 47. What will you do when you graduate __________ high school? (from/ into/ out of/ in) 48. A government job promises security, but it is not easy to compete____________ others now. (to/ with/ against/ at) 49. If you buy a train ticket for the whole month, you won't have to worry____________ getting a ticket every day. (of/ about/ to/ for) 50. She insisted____________ seeing her lawyer. (on/ about/ to/ for) 51. You can't rely____________ good weather for the whole trip. (of/ about/ on/ for) 52. I don't think anyone will object____________ leaving early. (of/ about/ to/ for) 53. The police tried to prevent him____________ leaving. (of/ about/ in/ from) 54. I congratulated Jill____________ winning the award. (of/ on/ from/ for) 55. He was accused____________ failing to pay his taxes. (of/ about/ to/ for) 56. She sometimes got discouraged____________ her social life, which was going nowhere, she felt. (of/ from/ to/ for) 57. You can't blame the government____________ all your troubles. (of/ about/ to/ for) 58. Bill and Nancy are always complaining____________ their neighbor, whose dog frightens their kids. (about/ of/ for/ to) 59. She was angry____________ her son____________ his bad marks. (at-with/ with-about/ about-with/ of-about) 60. Luckily, you are____________ time for the meeting. (in/ on/ at/ for) Pronunciation I. CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM ĐƠN TT CÁC ÂM 1. /I/ /I/ - /i:/ /i:/ /ʌ/ 2. Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 VÍ DỤ hit, bit, little, kick, click, interest heat, beat, meat, repeat, read, eaten study, subject, cousin, love, wonderful Trang 40 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM /ʌ/ - /a:/ /a:/ 3. /e/ - /æ/ 4. /ɒ/ - /ɔ:/ 5. /u/ - /u:/ 6. /Ə/ - /3:/ /e/ /æ/ /ɒ/ /ɔ:/ /u/ /u:/ /Ə/ /3:/ II. CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM ĐÔI. TT CÁC ÂM 1. /ei/ /ai/ /ei/ - /ai/ - /ɔi/ /ɔi/ 2. /au/ /au/ - /Əu/ /Əu/ 3. /iƏ/ /iƏ/ - /eƏ/ - /uƏ/ /eƏ/ /uƏ/ III. CÁC PHỤ ÂM. TT 1. /b/ - /p/ 2. /t/ - /d/ CÁC ÂM /b/ /p/ /t/ /d/ 3. /s/ - /z/ 4. /f/ - /v/ 5. /g/ - /k/ 6. /s/ /z/ /f/ /v/ /g/ /k/ / θ/ /ð/ /θ/ - /ð/ 7. /ʒ/ - /∫/ /ʒ/ /∫/ 8. /dʒ/ /dʒ/ - /t∫/ 9. /m/ - /n/ - /ŋ / /t∫/ 10. /l/ - /r/ - /h/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /l/ /r/ Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 far, father, marvelous, target, guitar men, said, met, bed, pen, send man, sad, mat, bad, pan, sand top, boss, doctor, wrong, job, box call, sport, four, walking, more, talk put, pull, full, foot, look, cook food, school, tooth, fruit, June, afternoon teacher, together, about, other, pagoda, today bird, work, church, term, shirt, early VÍ DỤ play, today, radio, newspaper, they time, wildlife, height, buy, type voice, noise, toy, enjoy, destroy cow, town, how, house, couch, mouse coat, phone, bone, bowl, note, close here, dear, clear, idea, cheers, atmosphere pair, chair, square, where, upstairs, carefully poor, sure, tour, usual, casual, actually VÍ DỤ bee, ban, bad, cab, bright, back pea, pan, Paul, cap, provide, power topic, contain, plant, worked, toxic, contamination, different, hoped difficulty, invader, spend, lived, documentary, dependent, depend, played Sue, sip, piece, said, bus, price zoo, zip, peas, please, buzz, prize fan, first, form, fiction, photograph, enough van, vine, view, vote, Stephan, leave group, game, together, again, goal, dog, Uruguay, Margaret club, kick, cup, ticket, school, because, compete, weak think, thought, mouth, something, birthday they, those, clothes, then, another, brother television, pleasure, measure, Asia, illusion, massage shop, machine, Swedish, washing, English, special jam, joke, January, dangerous, passenger, village children, changeable, cheese, mutual, church, which may, make, summer, home, small nose, nine, money, seven, snow wrong, running, bringing, sing, morning lunch, lovely, lemonade, jelly, grass, salad pretty, Europe, parent, really, restaurant, library Trang 41 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM 11. /w/ - /j/ /h/ /w/ /j/ hit, house, holiday, hospital, husband, helicopter we, west, wine, wheel, wet, whale yes, yellow, young, years, use, York BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP. Circle the word which has underlined part pronouncing differently from other words: 1. A. meet B. beach C. reject D. leap 2. A. land B. lend C. dad D. gas 3. A. mark B. map C. target D. dark 4. A. home B. come C. tone D. cold 5. A. kite B. nice C. shirt D. hide 6. A. bean B. sick C. sit D. skim 7. A. Islam B. want C. quantity D. wash 8. A. coupon B. through C. could D. do 9. A. heart B. rather C. bath D. hurt 10. A. cap B. back C. bag D. about 11. A. breakfast B. scream C. deal D. please 12. A. aching B. chemist C. approach D. scholar 13. A. expected B. decided C. attracted D. engaged 14. A. economize B. despite C. promise D. enterprise 15. A. liked B. wanted C. ended D. invited 16. A. baggy B. casual C. fashion D. fade 17. A. about B. couple C. doubt D. without 18. A. city B. column C. cattle D. cure 19. A. books B. trains C. shops D. lights 20. A. earn B. learn C. heart D. search 21. A. many B. album C. any D. guess 22. A. farewell B. wish C. watermelon D. wrestle 23. A. question B. protection C. aviation D. exception 24. A. special B. pressure C. ocean D. decision 25. A. chores B. school C. teacher D. chopstick 26. A. product B. profit C. opinion D. respond 27. A. efficiency B. participation C. receive D. faucet 28. A. ahead B. who C. perhaps D. why 29. A. strike B. chill C. conflict D. single 30. A. industrial B. under C. sunlight D. influence 31. A. enough B. tough C. cough D. though 32. A. photo B. form C. of D. fiction 33. A. orphan B. neighbor C. cough D. enough 34. A. weight B. sigh C. high D. laugh 35. A. phone B. orphan C. Stephen D. photo 36. A. leaf B. safe C. off D. if 37. A. manure B. pasture C. adventure D. measure 38. A. supposed B. collected C. admired D. posed 39. A. beard B. pier C. gear D. bear 40. A. booth B. cloth C. breath D. southern Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 42 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM 41. A. pleasure 42. A. question 43. A. merchants 44. A. preserves 45. A. ocean 46. A. television 47. A. gate 48. A. harbour 49. A. colony 50. A. famous B. pressure B. culture B. achieve B. measure B. special B. Asian B. banyan B. our B. dynamic B. flourish C. sure C. picture C. chambers C. decision C. musician C. shop C. citadel C. south C. industry C. honour D. ensure D. international D. scholar D. usual D. certify D. pleasure D. area D. sound D. tiny D. behaviour MỘT SỐ CÂU CHỨC NĂNG GIAO TIẾP CƠ BẢN 1. Nam: “I suggest going on a picnic on the other side of the Dakbla river.” ~ Mai: “__________” A. It’s a nice day! B. Have a good trip! C. Great idea! D. Congratulations! 2. Lan: “I wish I could visit your grandparents again some day, Ba.” ~ Ba: “__________” A. Too true! B. You’re always welcomed! C. Yes, let’s! D. You’re welcome! 3. Hoa: “Thank you very much.” ~ Hong: “______________” A. Welcome you! B. Don’t mention it. C. That’s good! D. Nothing impossible! 4. Tim: “Thanks for the lovely evening.” ~ Daisy: “ _________________” A. I’m glad you enjoyed it. B. Oh, that’s right. C. Yes, it’s really great. D. No, it’s not good. 5. Alice: “What shall we do this evening?” ~ Juliet: “__________________” A. Let’s go out for dinner. B. No problem. C. Thank you. D. Not at all. 6. Ann: “What do you usually do on Sundays?” ~ Mary: “_________________” A. I used to drive to work B. I love Sundays C. I’m not doing anything D. I usually sleep until noon 7. Alison: “_________________ detective stories?” ~ Judith: “In my opinion, they are very good for teenagers” A. How about B. Are you fond of C. What do you think about D. What do people feel about 8. Peter: “I enjoy listening to pop music” ~ Maria: “_______________.” A. I’m too B. I don’t C. Neither do I D. So am I 9. Mary: “I’d like to congratulate you on your drawing, Tom!” ~ Tom: “___________________” A. Yes, I think so. C. It’s very good. B. Thanks, it’s Okay. D. It’s very nice of you to say so. 10. Helen: “May I borrow your pencil?” ~ Sarah: “____________” A. Yes, you may. B. Okay, here you are. C. That’s great. D. Don’t mention it. 11. Tom: “More coffee? Anybody?” ~ Mary: “__________” A. I don’t agree. I’m afraid” B. I’d love to C. yes, please D. It’s right. I think Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 43 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM 12. Tom: “Do you like the weather here?” ~ Mary: “I wish it __________” A. doesn’t rain B.didn’t rain C.won’t rain D.hadn’t rained 13. Ann: “oh, I’m really sorry” ~ Amanda: “__________” A. It was a pleasure B. that’s all right C. Thanks D. yes, why? 14. Thomas: “What’s your hobby, Hoa? ~ Hoa: “__________” A. Well, I like collecting stamps B.Oh, with computers C. Well, I want stamps D.Oh, on the phone 15. Thomas: “You look nice today. I like your new hairstyle” ~ Daisy: “__________” A. It’s nice of you to say so B. Shall I? Thanks C. Oh, Well done D. I feel interesting to hear that 16. Ann: “A motorbike knocked Ted down.” ~ Bob: “__________” A. what is it now? B. Poor Ted! C. How terrific! D. What a motorbike! 17. Ann: “ I have bought you a toy. Happy birthday to you!” ~ Bob: “__________” A. The same to you B.have a nice day! C.What a pity! D.What a lovely toy! Thanks 18. Ann: “__________” ~ Bob: “Oh, It’s great” A. How is the English competition? B. Would you like the English competition? C. What do you like about the English competition? D. What do you think of the English competition? 19. Peter: “Do you feel like going to the cinema this evening?” ~ Mary: “__________” A. I don’t agree. I’m afraid B. You’re welcome C. That would be great D. I feel very bored 20. Laura: “What a lovely house you have “ ~ Mary: “____________” A. Of course not. It’s not costly B. Thank you. Hope you will drop in C. I think so D. No problem 21. Ann: “Has an announcement been made about the eight o’clock flight to Paris?” Bob: “___________” A.Yes, it was B. Sorry, I don’t C. I don’t think that D. Not yet 22. Ann: “Would you mind lending me your bike?” ~ Bob: “__________” A. Yes. Here it is B. Not at all C. Yes, let’s D. Great 23. Helen: “Congratulations!” ~ Jane: “__________” A. What a pity B. Thank you C. I’m sorry D. You are welcome 24. Linda: “Excuse me! Where ‘s the post office?” ~ Maria: “__________” A. It’s over there B.I’m afraid not C.Don’t worry D.Yes, I think so 25. Tom: “How did you get there?” ~ John: “___________” A. Is it far from here? B. I came there by train C. I came here last night D. The train is so crowded 26. Helen: “Where do you come from? ~ Ann: “___________” A. In New York B. Yes, I have just come here C. I’m living in New York D. I come from New York 27. Mary: “Whose bike is that?” ~ Tom:” __________” A. No, It’s over there B. It’s Jane C. It’s just outside D. It’s Jane’s 28. Peter: “How do you go to school?” ~ Mary: “____________” Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 44 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM A. I go there early B. Everyday, Except Sunday C. I don’t think so D. I go there by bus 29. Ann: “Bye” ~ Bob: “__________” A. See you lately B. Thank you C.Meet you again D.See you later 30. Ann: “I’ve passed my driving test” ~ Bob: “__________” A. Congratulations! B. That’s a good idea C. It’s nice of you to say so D. Do you? 31. Ann: “would you like to have dinner with me?” ~ Bob: “__________” A. Yes, I’d love to B. Yes, so do I C. I’m very happy D.Yes, it is 32. Ann: “_________where the nearest post office is? ~ Linda: “Turn left and then turn right” A. Could you tell me B. Should you show me C. Do you tell me D. Will you say me 33. Ann: “How do you do?” ~ Bob: “_____________” A. How do you do? B. Not too bad C. I’m well.Thank D. Yeah, OK 34. Ann: “It’s hot in here?” ~Bob: “__________ I open the window?” A. Did B. Shall C. Would D. Do 35. Ann:” Have you ever been aboard?” ~ Bob: “__________” A. Yes, I do B. No, I don’t C. No, I didn’t D. Yes, I have 36. Ann: “Are you going to visit Britain next month?” ~ Kim: “Yes, __________” A. I am B. I do C. I like D. I can 37. David: “James is a very brave man“ ~ Bob: “Yes, I wish I __________his courage” A. had B. will have C. have had D. have 38. David: “You‘ve got a beautiful dress!” ~ Helen: “__________” A. I do B. Thank you C. You, too D. Okay 39. Sue: “I love music” ~ Alice: “__________” A. So do I B. No, I won’t C. Yes, I like it D. Neither do I 40. Maria: “I’m taking my end-term examination tomorrow.” ~ Sarah: “__________” A. Good luck B. Good day C. Good time D. Good chance 41. Hang: “Thank for your help, Lan.” ~ Lan: “__________” A. With all my heart B. Never remind me C. It’s my pleasure D. Wish you 42. Ann: “Do you think it will rain?” Peter: “__________” A. I don’t hope B. I hope not C. I don’t hope so D. It’s hopeless 43. Dora: “What’s your name?” ~ Helen: “__________” A.Really? B. Pardon? C. OK? D. Forgive me 44. "I think that the youth are high-flying but inexperienced." - "____________" A. Are you kidding me? B. There's no doubt about it. C. Certainly. D. It's nice of you to say so. 45. "Do you still live there?" ~ "No, __________. We’ve moved to a new house." A. not yet B. not now C. I do not live D. any longer 46. "Don’t forget to do as I have told you." ~ "____________." A. No, I will remember B. Yes, I will C. Yes, I won’t D. No, I won’t 47. "How long does it take to get to the City Library from here?" - "_____________." Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 45 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM A. You can go there by bus B. Yes, it’s a long way C. I am sorry. I don’t know D. It isn’t far 48. Jane: “How are you today, Thomas?” ~ Thomas: ”__________” A. Thanks B.Yes, thanks C. Fine. Thanks D. No, thanks 49. David: “Merry Christmas!” ~ Peter: “__________” A.The same to you! B. Happy Christmas to you! C.You are the same! D.Same for you! 50. Ann: “________do you go to the movies?” ~ Bob: “ Once a month” A. How far B. What time C. How often D. How much time 51. Ann: “________ going on a picnic this weekend?” ~ Bob: “That’s great!” A.Why don’t we B.would you like C.How about D.Let’s 52. Ann: “ Could you lend me some money?” ~ Bob: “Sorry, I __________ to the bank yet” A. Haven’t gone B.haven’t been C.didn’t go D.am not going 53. “You look great in this new dress!” ~ “____________” A. With pleasure B. Not at all C. I am glad you like it D. Do not say anything about it 54. “How well you are playing!” ~ “____________” A. Say it again. I like to hear your words. B. I think so. I am proud of myself. C. Thank you too much. D. Many thanks. That is a nice compliment. 55. Tom: “How do you like the class?” Mary: “__________________.” A. I really like it B. I often like it C. Sure. I’d like to D. Yes. I like it Reading Texts Reading 1 According to many experts, violence carried out by the victim’s family members is the most common kind of violence against females. It is called domestic violence. A new report says domestic violence is one of the worst kinds of human rights violations. Such action affects the emotional and physical health of victims. Domestic violence can also be psychological. Victims of repeatedly psychological violence say emotional torture and living in fear are worse than physical mistreatment. Domestic violence happens because of sex discrimination. Males are considered more important in parts of South Asia, North Africa, the Middle East and China. In some countries, women are considered the property of men. Several men feel that they have the right to punish women in their family. Domestic violence also includes preventing women from getting higher education or medical care. The people who carry out domestic violence should be punished strictly for their acts. 1. Domestic violence is____________ A. one that is carried out by the victim’s family members against females B. one that happens between criminals C. physical punishment at school D. physical punishment for naughty boys 2. Domestic violence affects____________ A. the victim’s social position B. the victim’s friendship C. the victim’s emotional and physical health D. the victim’s education Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 46 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM 3. Domestic violence happens because of____________ A. sex discrimination B. pollution C. financial difficulty D. race discrimination 4. According to victims of psychological violence, ____________ A. physical mistreatment is worse than emotional torture and living in fear B. psychological violence is not a big problem C. emotional torture and living in fear are worse than physical mistreatment D. emotional torture is worse than living in fear 5. In some countries, ____________ A. men are considered more important than women B. women are considered men’s property C. men feel they have the right to punish women in their family D. all are correct Reading 2 People usually sing because they like music or because they feel happy. They express their happiness by singing. When a bird sings, however, its song usually means much more than that the bird is happy. Birds have many reasons for singing. They sing to give information. Their songs are their language. The most beautiful songs are sung by male birds. They sing when they want to attract a female bird. It is their way of saying that they are looking for a wife. Birds also sing to tell other birds to keep away. To a bird, his tree or even a branch of a tree is his home. He does not want strangers to come near him, so he sings to warn them. If a bird cannot sing well, he usually has some other means of giving important information. Some birds dance, spread out their tails or make other signs. 1. People sing because ______. A. they feel happy B. they are good at singing C. they want to tell a story D. they know many songs 2. What is one of the main reasons why birds sing? A. They are in a bad temper. B. They want to give information. C. They are sad. D. They can sing many songs. 3. Which birds sing the most beautiful songs? A. Male birds B. Young birds which attract male birds C. Female birds which attract male birds D. Female birds 4. According to the passage, a bird sings ______. A. to stop sadness B. to tell strangers to keep away C. to warn about the approach of people D. to tell other birds to come quickly 5. Most birds usually ______ if they cannot sing well. A. give information in another way B. warn other birds to go away C. find a wife D. fly in the sky Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 47 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM Reading 3 The year at an American college is divided into two semesters or three quarters. A semester includes 15 weeks; a quarter includes 10 weeks. American college students usually go to school from September to May. They can also study during the summer. Students choose their classes a few weeks before the start of each term. Universities and colleges offer a great many classes in the students’ main areas of study and in other areas as well. Students must take both. These include science, math, computer, history and English. Other classes such as dance, theater, or sports may be just for fun. Tests are usually given in the middle of the term and at the end. The final exam is extremely important. In some classes, the professor asks the students to write a research paper or complete a certain task instead of taking a test. Classes at an American college are usually organized through lectures. For example, a student may attend two or three lectures a week by one professor. There may be as many as several hundred students at each lecture. 1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The year at an American college usually starts in September. B. The year at an American college is divided into two semesters or three quarters. C. There are 15 weeks in each semester and 10 weeks in each quarter. D. American college students never study during the summer. 2. American college students choose their classes____________. A. in the first week of each term B. at the end of each term C. at any time during the term D. before the start of each term 3. Which of the following courses is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Science. B. Medicine. C. History. D. Dance. 4. Usually, an American college student takes ____ tests in a term. A. two B. five C. four D. three 5. The final exam is ______. A. not important B. less important C. very important D. just for fun Reading 4 WHY PEOPLE WORK? All of us know that we have to work hard to earn a living ourselves and to support our family. However, we work not only for material life but also for many things that are beyond gaining money. We are working to affirm our ability on a certain field. We feel self-reliant, self-confident, and proud because we are financially independent. Anyone who works is regarded as a useful member of society. We are working that means we are contributing useful goods and services to our country. Working helps us train our skills and talents. We always try our best to do a good job. The better we work, the more money we earn and that motivate us to work harder. Without working, a man’s life will be empty, purposeless and meaningless and it is easy for a lazy jobless man to do wrongs. Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 48 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM 1. We have to work hard____________ A. because we are forced to C. to make ourselves purposeless 2. Besides money, ________________. A. we can get many other benefits from work C. we sometimes feel very meaningless 3. The more we work _____ . A. the duller we feel C. the more we contribute to society 4. What motivates us to work harder? - ______. A. good job B. good pay 5. Without working, one's life is _______. A. better B. more confident B. to make our material life better D. All are correct B. we can get some salary from work D. we can not contribute anything to our country B. the less we earn D. A and B are correct C. good way D. good skills C. self-reliant D. meaningless Reading 5 Germany had one of the lowest rates of unemployment back in 1980. It stood at just 3%. Now the rate is increasing. The United States has had ups and downs. In 1980, it was about 1% lower than that in Germany; 7.5% in 1981; and in 1984, it was the same rate as in 1980. Great Britain heads the employment chart. In 1980, their situation was the same as the United States, then followed a sharp rise in 1981, when the rate was 10,5%. This rose gradually over the next two years to 13%. There was no great change until two years later people saw another increase to about 13.5% and figures do not look as though they are on their way down yet. 1. What was the rate of unemployment in the United States in 1980? A.2% B. 3% C. 7.5% D. 1% 2. What was the rate of unemployment in Britain in 1983? A. 2% B. 3% C. 7.5% D. 13% 3. Which country had the highest rates of unemployment? A. Germany B. France C. The US D. Britain 4. In what year of the 1980s did Britain have the highest rate? A. 1980 B. 1981 C. 1984 D.1985 5. In England, the rate of unemployment is __________ A. on their way down B. lowest C. not increasing D. not on their way down Reading 6 It is estimated that about 200 million people use the Internet around the world. Most people use it to get information or for entertainment. A new study, however, says that almost 6% of Internet users are using it so often that it is seriously harming their lives. The study says these people may find it difficult to stop using the Internet because they have become addicted. Someone who is addicted finds it extremely difficult to stop an activity. According to Mr. Greenfield, a psychologist, 30% Internet users say that they Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 49 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. use the Internet to escape from problems or emotions. The study also shows that having discussions with strangers in Internet areas called “chat rooms” is one of the most addictive activities. Most people use the Internet _________. A. for getting information C. A and B are correct B. for entertainment D. A and B are incorrect Some people use the Internet so often that _________. A. it is seriously harming their lives C. they become more and more intelligent B. it is good for their mind D. they become computer programmers When someone is addicted to the Internet, they _________. A. can’t stop using it easily C. can stop using it easily B. can get rid of it D. will become intelligent According to Mr. Greenfield, 30% Internet users use the Internet _________. A. for entertainment C. for getting information B. for chatting D. for escaping from problems and emotions One of the most addictive activities is____________. A. chatting B. setting programmes C. getting information D. playing chess Reading 7 By adopting a few simple techniques, parents who read to their children can considerably increase their children's language development. It is surprising, but true. How parents talk to their children makes a big difference in the children's language development. If a parent encourages the child to actively respond to what the parent is reading, the child's language skills increase. A study was done with two or three-year-old children and their parents. Half of the thirty children participants were in the experimental study; the other half acted as the control group. In the experimental group, the parents were given a two-hour training session in which they were taught to ask open-ended questions rather than yes-no questions. For example, the parent should ask, "What is the doggy doing?" rather than, "Is the doggy running away?" Experimental parents were also instructed how to expand on their children's answer, how to suggest alternative possibilities, and how to praise correct answers. At the beginning of the study, the children did not differ on levels of language development, but at the end of one month, the children in the experimental group were 5.5 months ahead of the control group on a test of verbal expression and vocabulary. Nine months later, the children in the experimental group still showed an advance of 6 months over the children in the control group. 1. Parents can give great help to their children's language development by _____ them. A. experimenting B. reading to C. adopting D. responding to 2. What does the word "they" in the second paragraph refer to? A. Parents B. Children C. Questions D. Participants 3. During the training session, experimental parents were taught to _____. A. use yes-no questions B. give correct answers C. ask open-ended questions D. study many experiments 4. What was the major difference between the control group and the experimental one in the study? A. The books that were read. B. The number of participants. C. The training that parents received. D. The age of the children. 5. What conclusion can be drawn from this passage? Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 50 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM A. Two or three-year-old children can be taught to read actively. B. The more children read, the more intelligent they become. C. Children's language skills increase when they are required to respond actively. D. Children who read actively always act six months earlier than those who don't. Reading 8 The Southeast Asian Games owes its origins to the Southeast Asian Peninsular Games or SEAP Games. On May 22, 1958 delegates from the countries in Southeast Asian peninsula attending the 3rd Asian Games in Tokyo, Japan had a meeting and agreed to establish a sport organization. The proposed rationale was that a regional sports event will help promote cooperation, understanding and relations among countries in the Southeast Asian region. The participating countries agreed to hold the Games biannually. The SEAP Games Federation Committee was formed. The first SEAP Games was held in Bangkok, Thailand in December, 1959 comprising more than 527 athletes .Indonesia and the Philippines were formally admitted to The SEAP Games Federation in 1977. At the same year the name of SEAP Federation was changed into Southeast Asian Games Federation (SEAGF), and the games were known as the Southeast Asian Games. Brunei was admitted at the 10th SEA Games in Jakarta, Indonesia, and East Timor at the 22nd SEA Games in Hanoi, Vietnam. In December 2003, Vietnam hosted the Games for the first time. With 158 gold medals, Vietnam copped the over-all championship for the first time. The 23rd SEA Games was held in the Philippines in 2005, and The 2007 Southeast Asian Games held in Thailand, which is the most protested games ever in the history of SEA Games. The next host for the 2009 SEA Games is Laos. It is Laos' first time to host for the biannual games. 1. When and where was the first SEAP Games held? A. In May, 1958 in Japan B. In May, 1958 in Thailand C. In December, 1959 in Thailand D. In December, 1959 in Japan 2. How often is the event held? A. twice a year B. every two years C. every four years D. every year 3. Which country was admitted in the 22nd SEA Games? A. Viet Nam B. Brunei C. East Timor D. Indonesia 4. Which statement is NOT true according to the passage? A. Viet Nam hosted the SEA Games for the first time in 2003 B. The Games changed its name to the Southeast Asian Games in 1958 C. Brunei was admitted at the 10th SEA Games D. The Southeast Asian Games was held in Thailand in 2007 Reading 9 Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 51 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM In developing countries, where three fourths of the world’s population live, sixty percent of the people who can’t read and write are women. Being illiterate doesn’t mean they are not intelligent. It does mean it is difficult for them to change their lives. They produce more than half of the food. In Africa eighty percent of all agricultural work is done by women. There are many programs to help poor countries develop their agriculture. However, for years, these programs provided money and training for men. In parts of Africa, this is a typical day for a village woman. At 4:45 a.m, she gets up, washes and eats. It takes her a half hour to walk to the fields, and she works there until 3:00p.m. She collects firewood and gets home at 4:00. She spends the next hour and a half preparing food to cook. Then she collects water for another hour. From 6:30 to 8:30 she cook. After dinner, she spends an hour washing the dishes and her children. She goes to bed at 9:30 p.m. International organizations and programs run by developed nations are starting to help women, as well as men, improve their agricultural production. Governments have already passed some laws affecting women because of the UNO Decade for Women. The UNO report will affect the changes now happening in the family and society. 1. By whom (what) was the Decade for Women organized? A. by developing countries. B. by the United Nations Organization. C. by the World Health Organization. D. by many African countries. 2. Why do people say women produce more than half of the food? A. Because 80 percent of all agricultural work is done by women. B. Because 60 percent of women are illiterate. C. Most women are not intelligent. D. All are correct. 3. Why do people say that African women’s lives are hard? A. Because these women are busy with housework. B. Because they work all day in the fields. C. Both A and B are correct. D. None are correct. 4. What do these women do after dinner? A. They always go for a walk. B. They collect water. C. They collect firewood. D. They always wash dishes and their children. 5. Why is it difficult for them to change their lives? A. Because they are illiterate. B. Because they are afraid of changing. C. Because they do eighty percent of agricultural work. D. All are correct. Reading 10 A new study shows that women can reduce their chances of developing heart disease by jogging for about three hours every week. The researchers at Harvard University Medical in Boston have just reported the results of the study on the New England Journal of Medicine. The study is the first to show the effectiveness of jogging in the developing of heart disease in women. Only a few earlier studies have examined the effects of jogging on the heart, but nearly all have been done on men. The new study involves more than 72,000 women between the ages of forty and sixty-five during a period of eight years. The researchers have found that women who jog at least three hours a week have a thirty to forty percent lower chance of suffering a heart attack than those who do not. 1. The new study is about ___________. Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 52 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KON TUM A. men and heart attack C. the effect of jogging to reduce heart attacks on women B. men and jogging D. medicine in Harvard University 2. Who has done the research? A. The journalists on the New England Journal of Medicine B. The researchers at Harvard University Medical in Boston C. Women between the ages of forty and sixty-five D. Some joggers 3. How many hours should women jog at least a week to reduce heart attacks? A. 3 B. 40 C. 65 D. 72 4. Most of the early researches have been done on____________. A. babies B. children C. women D. men 5. How long does the new research take? A. 3 years B. 8 years C. 10 years D. 12 years Tai lieu On thi Tot nghiep THPT- năm học 2013-2014 Trang 53
