DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR
MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY
AURANGABAD
SYLLABUS
I, II, III YEAR
BOTANY
SYLLABUS : B.SC. I, II, III YEAR ( BOTANY)
Effective From June 2006-2007 Onwards
BOTANY (UG)
COURSE STRUCTURE
Each Paper Contanted 100 Marks
B.SC. FIRST YEAR :
PAPER I
Diversity of microbes and Cryptograms.
PAPER II
Structure, development and reproduction
PAPER III
Practical Diversity of microbes and Cryptograms.
PAPER IV
Practical Structure, development and reproduction in flowering plants
in flowering plants
B.SC.SECOND YEAR :
PAPER V
Diversity of seed plants and their systematics
PAPER VI
Cell Biology Genetics
PAPER VII Practical Diversity of seed plants and their systematics
PAPER VIII Practical Cell Biology Genetics
B.SC. THIRD YEAR
PAPER IX
Physiology, Biochemistry & Biotechnology
PAPER X
Ecology and Utilization of plants
PAPER XI
Practical Physiology, Biochemistry & Biotechnology
PAPER XII Practical Ecology and Utilization of plants
B.Sc. I YEAR (Theory)
PAPER I : DIVERSITY OF MICROBES AND CRYPTOGAMS
1)
Viruses and Bacteria :- General account of viruses and mycoplasma Bacteria structure,
nutrution, reproduction and economic importance.
2)
Algae :- General characters, classification and economic importence, important features
and life history of chlorophyceace-volvox, oedogonium, xanthophyceae-vaucheria,
phaeophyceae-sargassum, Rhodophyceae-polysiphonia.
3)
Fungi :- General characters, classification and economic importance, important features
and Life history of Mastigomycotina-Phytophthora zygomycotina-Mucor, AscomyctinaEurotium, Peziza, Basidiomycotina-puccinia, Agaricus. Deuteromycotina-cercospora.
4)
Bryophyta :- Amphibians of plant-kingdom Alternation of generation, structure,
reproduction and classification of Hepaticopsida-marchantia Bryopsida-funaria.
5)
Pteridophyta :- The first vascular plants; important characteristics of Psilopsida,
Lycopsida sphenopsida and pteropsida; structure, reproduction in Rhynia, Lycopodium,
selaginella, Equisetum and marsilea.
PAPER – II : STRUCTURE, DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION IN
FLOWERING PLANTS
1)
Basic body plan of flowering plant-modular type of growth.
2)
Diversity in plant forms annuals, biennials and perennials, convergence of evolution of
tree habit in gymmospeums, monocotyledons and dicolyletons, trees largest and longest
lived organisms.
3)
The shoot-system : The shoot apical meristem and its histological organization.
Vascularization of primary shoot in monocotyledons and dicotyledens. Cambium and its
function formation of secondary xylem. A general account of wood structure in relation
to conduction of water and minerals. Characteristics of growth rings sapwood and heart
wood secondary phloem-structure, function relationship peridem.
4)
Leaf : origin development, arrangment and diversity in size and shape. Internal structure
in relection to photosynthesis and water loss.
5)
The root system : The root apical meristem differentiation of primary and secondary
tissues and their roles structural modification for storage, respiration and reproduction.
6)
Flower :- A modified shoot structure and varieties of flower, function, structure of anther
and pistil, the male and female gametophytes; types of pollination, double fertilization,
formation of seed, endosperm and embryo, fruit development and maturation.
7)
Significance of seed darmancy, Ecological adaptation, dispersal strategies.
8)
Vegetative reproduction : vegetative propagation grafting, Economic aspects.
B.Sc. I YEAR (Practicals)
PAPER – III PRACTICAL (BASED ON PAPER I)
DIVERSITY OF MICROBES AND CRYPTOGAMS.
1)
Study of the genera included under algae and fungi.
2)
Study of morphology, reproductive structures and anatomy of the examples cited in
theory under bryophyta and pteridophyta.
3)
Observation of disease symptoms in hosts infeeted by fungi viruses and mycoplasma,
section cutting of diseased material identification of the pathogens as per the theory
syllabus.
4)
Gram staining of bacteria.
5)
Study of crustose, foliose and other types of Lichen thalli.
6)
Study tour.
PAPER IV (PRACTICALS BASED ON PAPER II)
STRUCTURE, DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION IN
FLOWERING PLATS.
1)
Study of any commonly occuring dicotyledonous plant (e.g.solanum nigrum or
kalanchoe) to understand the body plan and modular type of growth.
2)
Life forms exhibited by flowering plants (by a visit to forest or a guarden) study of tree
like habit in cycads. Bamboos, banana, traveller’s tree (Ravenala madagascariensis) or
Yucca and camparison with true trees as exemplified by conifers and dicotyledons.
3)
L.S. of shoot tip to study the cytohistological zonation and origin of leaf primordial.
4)
Monopodial and sympodial types of branching in stems (especially rhizome)
5)
Anatomy of primary and secondary growth in monocots and dicots using hand seactions
(for or prepared slides) structures of secondary phloem and xylem growth ring in wood
microscopic study of wood in T.S., T.L.S. and R.L.S.
6)
Field study of diversity in leaf shape, size thickness, surface properties, internal structure
of leaf, structure and development of stomata (using Epidermal peels of leaf).
7)
Anatomy of the root, primary & secondary sturcture.
8)
Examination of a wide range of flowers available in the locality and methods of their
pallination.
9)
Structure of anther, microsporogenesis (using slides) and pollen viability using in vitro
pollen germination.
10) Structure of ovules and embryo sac development (using serial sections)
11) Test of self incompatibility (using petunia axillaries, brassica campestries, B oleracea or
suitable available material) using field plollinations.
12) Nuclear and cellular endosperm. Embryo development in monocots and dicots (using
slides / dissections)
13) Simple experiments to show vegetative propagation (leat utting in Bryophyllum, san
sevieria, Begonia, stem cutting in rose salix, mony plant, sugarcane and Bougain villea.)
14) Germination of non-dormant and dormant seeds.
B.SC II YEAR (Theory)
PAPER V : DIVERSITY OF SEED PLANTS AND THEIR SYSTEMATICS
1)
Characteristics of seed plants, evolution of seed habit, seed plants with (angiosperms) and
without (gymnosperms) fruits.
2)
General features of gymnosperms and their classification by sporne, evolution and
diversity of gymnosperms, geological timescale, fossilization and fossile gymnosperms
Lyginopteridaceae.
3)
Morphology of vegetative and reproductive parts, anatomy of roots, stem and leaf,
reproduction and life cycle of pinus, cycus and Ephedra.
4)
Angiosperms, origin and evolution, some examples of primitive angiosperms.
5)
Angiorperms taxonomy, brief history, aim and fundamental components taxonomy,
holotaxonomy, identification, keys taxonomic literature.
6)
Botanical nomenclature, principles and rules, taxonomic ranks, type concept, principle of
priority.
7)
Classification of angiosperms, salient features of systems proposed by Bentham and
Hooker & Engler and prantel.
8)
Major contribution of cytology, phytochemistry and taximetrics to taxonomy.
9)
Diversity of flowering plants as illustrated by members of the families.
Rananclulaceae,
Brassicaceae,
malvaceae,
Rutaceae,
Leguminales,
Apiaceae,
Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Asclepidaceae, Solanaceae, Lamiaceae, Chenopodiaceae,
Euphorbiaceae, Liliaceae & poaceae.
NOTE TO TEACHERS :
The students should be made familiar with the families listed at serial no 9 only in the
practical classes with representative species or any other that may be available locally, see
the list for practical classes, However, questions pertaining to these may be asked in the
theory Examination.
The teacher should prevent students from collecting plant from the wild and submitting
them for the practical Examination. Instead, the students should be asked to prepare field
reports.
PAPER VI – CELL, BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
1)
Structure and function of nucleus Ultra structure, Nuclear memberance, nucleolus,
chromosome organization, morphology, centromere and telomere chromosome
alterational, deletions, duplication translocutions, inversions, variations in chromosome
number, aneuploidy, Sex chromosemes.
2)
DNA the Genetic material DNA structure, replication DNA protein interaction, the
nucleosame model, genetic code, satellite and repetitive DNA.
3)
Cell Division cell cyele mitosis, meiosis
4)
Genetic inheritance, mendelism, law of segregation & independent assortment Linkage
analysis, allelic and non-allelic interactions.
5)
Gene expression, structure of gene transfer of genetic information, transcription,
translation, protein synthesis, t-RNA, m-RNA, r-RNA, ribosomes regulation of gene
expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
6)
Genetics variations, mutations, spontaneous and induced; transposable genetic elements
DNA damage and repair, Extranuclear genosome, presence and function of mitochondrial
and plastid DNA, plasmids.
7)
Structure and function of other organelles, Golgi, ER, peroxisomes, vaculoes, The cell
envelopes, plasma mombrance, bilaver lipid structure, functions & cell wall.
Teachers should covers historical aspects & the basic experiments that led to major
discoveries.
B.SC II YEAR (Practicals)
PAPER VII : DIVERSITY OF SEED PLANT AND THEIR SYSTEMATIC.
GYMNOSPERMS
a)
Cycus
1)
Habit armour of leafbases on the stem (if specimen is not available show photograph),
very young leaf (circinate venation) and old foliage leaves, scale leaf, bulbils, made cone
(specimen) microsporophyll, magasprophyll, mature seed.
2)
Study through permanent slides normal root (T.S.) stem (T.S.) (If sections are not
available show photographs) ovule (L.S.)
3)
Study through hand sections or desetions coraloid root (T.S.) rachis (T.S.) leaflet (V.S.
Microposrophyll (V.S.) pollen grains (W.M.)
b)
Pinus
1)
Habit, long and dwarf shoot showing cataphylls and scale leaves, T.S. wood showing
growth rings, male cone 1st year 2nd year 3rd year female cone, winged seeds.
2)
Study through permanent slides root (T.S.) female cone (L.S.) embryo (w.m.) showing
polycotyledonous condition.
3)
Study through hand section or dissections young stem (T.S.) old stem (Wood) (T.L.S.
and R.L.S.) needle (T.S.) male cone (L.S.) male cone (T.S.) pollon grains (w.m.)
c)
Ephedra
1)
Habit and structure of whole male and female cones.
2)
Permanent slides- female cone (L.S.)
3)
Hand sections/ dissections node (L.S.) internodes (T.S.) macerated stem to see vessel
structure, epidermal peel mount of vegetative parts to study stomata, male cone (T.S. &
L.S.) pollen grains.
ANGIOSPERMS
Morphology of Flowering plants
Theachers may select plants available in their locality of following families.
(Exomorphic characters of dicot flowers)
1) Rananclaceae 2) Brassicaceae
3) Malvaceae 4) Rutaceae 5) Papilionaceae
6)Caesalpinioideae 7) Mimosoideae 8) Apiaceae 9) Acanthaceae 10) Asclepidaceae
11)Apocynaceae 12)Solanaceae 13) Euphorbiaceae 14) Lamiaceae 15) Chenopodiaceae 16)
Liliaceae 17) Poaceae
PAPER VIII : CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
1)
To study cell structure from onion leaf peels, demonstration of staining and mounting
methods.
2)
Comparative study of cell structure in onion cells. Hydrilla and spirogyra. Study of
cyclosis in Tradescantia staminal cells.
3)
Study of plastics to examine pigment – destribution in plants (e.g. cassia, Lycopersicons
and capsicum)
4)
Examination of electron micrographs of edkaryotic cells with special reference to
organelles.
5)
Study of electron micrographs of viruses, bacteria cyanobacteria and eukangotic cells for
comparative cellular organization.
6)
Examination of various stages of mitosis, and meiosis using appropriate plant material
(e.g. onion root-tip, onion flower buds )
7)
Preparation of karyotypes from dividing roots tip cells and pollen grains.
8)
Cytological examination of special types of chromosomes, Bar body, lampbrush and
polytenechromosomes.
9)
Working out the laws of inheritance using seed mixtures.
10) Working out the mode of inheritance of linked genes from test cross and / or f2 data.
B.SC III YEAR (Theory)
PAPER – IX PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
1)
Basic of enzymology – Discovery and nomenclature characteristics of enzymes, concept
of holoenzyme apoenzyme, coenzyme and cofactors, regulation of enzymen acitivity
mechanism of action.
2)
Plant water relation : Importance of water to plant life, Physical properties of water.
Deffuxsion and osmosis, absorption, transport of water and tranpiration, physiology of
stomata.
3)
Mineral nutrition : Essential macro and microelements and their role mineral uptake
deficiency and toxicity symptoms.
4)
Transport of organic substances. Mechanism of phloem transport source sink relationship
factors affecting translocation.
5)
Photosynthesis : Significance, historical aspects, photosynthetic pigments, action spectra
and Emerson enhancement effects, concept of two photo systems, Z-scheme,
Photophosphorylation, calvin cycle, C4 Pathway, CAM plants photo respiration, ATPthe biological energy currency, aerobic and anaerobic respiration Kerb’s cycle, electron
transport mechanism (chemi- Osmotic theory).
6)
Redox potential : oxidative photosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway Nitrogen and
Lipid metabolism : biology of nitrogen fixation importance of nitrate reducates and its
regulation
ammonium
assimilation,
biosynthesis,
B-O-oxidation
saturated
and
unsaturated fatty acids storage and mobilization of fatty acids.
7)
Growth and development : Definition, Phase of growth and development kinetics of
growth seed dormancy, seed germination and factors of their regulation plant movements
the concept of photoperiodism. Physiology of flowering florigen concept, biological
clocks, physiology of senescence, fruit- ripening. Plant hormones, a auxine, gibberllins,
cytokinins abscisic acid and ethylene, history of their discovery biosynthesis and
mechanism of action. Photomorphogensis, phytochromes and cryp to chromes, their
discovery, physiological role & mechanism of action.
8)
Genetic engineering : Tools and techniques of recombinant – DNA technology cloning
vectors genomic and c-DNA library, transposable elements, techniques of gene mapping
and chromosome walking.
9)
Biotechnology functional definition basic aspects of plant tissue culture, cellular tot
potency differentiation and morphogenesis. Biology of Agrobactesium, Vectors for gone
delivery and maker genes salient achievements in crop biotechnology.
PAPER X : ECOLOGY AND UTILIZATION OF PLANTS.
A)
ECOLOGY :
1)
Plants and environment : Atmosphere (Gaseous composition) Water ( Properties of water
cycle) light (global radiation, photo synthetically active radiation) temperature, soil
(development, soil profiles, physico-chemical properties) and biota.
2)
Morphological Anatomical and physiological responses of plants. Hydrophytes
Xerophytes, Temperature, light and salinity.
3)
Population Ecology – Growth curve, Ecotypes Ecads.
4)
Community Ecology – Community characteristics frequency density, cover, life form,
biological spectrum, Ecological succession.
5)
Ecosystems structure, abiotic and biotic components, food chain, food web, Ecological
pyramids, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus.
6)
Biogeographical regions of India, vgetation types of India, forests and grasslands.
B) UTILIZATION OF PLANTS :
1)
Food plants – Rice, Wheat, Jawar, Potato.
2)
Fibers : Cotton, & Jute
3)
Vegetable Oils – Groundnut, mustard & sunflower
4)
General account of sources of firewood, timber and bamboos.
5)
Spices general account
6)
Medicinal plants general account
7)
Beverages tea & coffee
8)
coconut
PAPER – XI : PHYSIOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
1)
To study the permeability of plasma membrane using different concentrations of organic
solvents.
2)
To study the effect of temperature on permeability of plasma memberance.
3)
To prepare the standard curve of protein and determine the protein content in unknown
samples.
4)
To study the enzyme activity of catalase and peroxidase as influenced by PH
temperature.
5)
Comparison of the rate of respiration of various plant parts.
6)
Separation of chloroplast pigments by solvent method.
7)
Determining the osmotic potential of Vacuolar sap by plasmatic method.
8)
Determining the water potential of any tuber.
9)
Separation of amino acid in a mixture by paper chromatography and their identification
by comparison with standards.
10) Bioassy of auxin, cytokinin, GA, ABA, and ethylene using appropriate plant material.
11) Demonstration of the technique of micro propagation by using different explants. E.g.
auxiliary buds shoot maristems.
12) Demonstration of the technique of another culture.
13) Isolation of protoplasts from different tissue using commercially available enzymes.
14) Demonstration of root and shoot formation from the apical and based portion of stem
segments in liquid medium containg different hormones.
PAPER XII : ECOLOGY AND UTILIZATION OF PLANTS
A)
ECOLOGY :
1)
To determine minimum number of quadrates required for reliable estimate of biomass in
grasslands.
2)
To study the frequency of herbaceous species in grassland and to compare the frequency
distribution with Rawnkari’s standard frequency Diagram.
3)
To estimate importance value index for grassland species on the basis of relative
frequency, relative density and relative biomass in protected and grazed grassland.
4)
To measure the above ground plant - biomars in grassland.
5)
To measure kemps constant for dicot and monocot leaves and to estimate the leaf area
index of a grassland community.
6)
To estimate bulk density and porosity of grassland and woodland soils.
7)
To Determine moisture content and water holding capacity of grassland and woodland
soil.
8)
To study the vegetation structure through profile diagram.
9)
To estimate transparency. PH and temperature of different water bodies.
10) To measure dissolved exygen content in polluted and unpolluted water samples.
11) To estimate salinity of different water samples.
12) To determine the percent leaf area injury of different leaf samples collected around
polluted sites.
13) To estimate dust holding capacity of the leaves of different plant species.
B)
UTILIZATION OF PLANTS :
1)
Food plants : Study of the morphology, structure and simple micro chemical tests of the
food storing tissue in rice, wheat, jawar & potato. Microscopic examination of starch in
these plants.
2)
Fibers : Study of cotton flowers, sectioning of ovules / Developing seed to trace the
origin and development of cotton and test cellulose. Sectioning and staining of jute stem
to show the location and development of fibers. Microscopic structure test for
lignocelluloses.
3)
Vegetable oils study of hand section of groundnut, musterd, and coconut and staining of
oil droplets by sudan III and sudan black.
4)
Field visits : To study sources of firewood (10 plants) timber yielding trees (10 trees) and
bamboos a ist ot be prepared mentioning special features.
5)
Spices – Examine black pepper, cloves cinnamon (Hand sections) and opened fruits of
cardamom and describe them briefly.
6)
Preparation of an illustrated inventory of 10 medicinal plants used in indigenous system
of medicinde or allopathy. Write their Botanical & common name parts used and diseases
/ disorders for which they are prescribed.
7)
Bevarage section boiled coffee and tea leaves to study the characteristic structural
features.
8)
Coconut list the many used of coconut
Suggested Readings
1)
Cryptogamic Botany by Vol.1 - Algae & fungi smith G.M. 1971 Tata mcgraw Hill
publishing co.New Delhi.
2)
Cryptogamic Boteny Vol.II Bryophstes and pteridophytes by smith G.M. 1971.
3)
Text-book of Thallophstes by Sharma o.p. 1992 mcgrow Hill publishing co.
4)
Text-Loole of pteridephsta by Sharma o.p. 1990 mcgrow Hill publishing co
5)
The fungi by Sharma P.D. 1991 Rastogi co. meerut.
6)
An Introduction to fungi by Dube H.C. 1990 vikas publishing house pvt. Ltd. Delhi.
7)
Bryophsta by Puri P. 1980 Atmaram & sons Delhi.
8)
Introduction to Bacteria by cliften A 1958 mcgraw Hill & co. New york.
Suggested Readings
1)
Taxonomy of Angiospenum - V. N.Naik
2)
Plant Taxonomy - O.P. Sharma
3)
Taxonomy of Angiosperms - B. P. Pandey
4)
The morphology of Gymnosperms - K.R. Sporne
5)
Gymnosperms - O. P. Sharma
6)
Plant Anatomy - Esau
7)
Plant Anatomy - B.P. Pandy
8)
Biodiversity - L. K. Daphich
9)
Biodiversiy - L. K. Daphich
10) The embryology of Amgioerms - S.S. Bhojwani & S.P. Bhatnagar.
11) The paleobiology of plant protists by Helon Tappan
12) An Introduction to Taxonomy of Agniosperms by Priti Shukla & Shital P. Misra
13) An Introduction to the embryology of Angiosperms by P. Maheshwari
14) Taxonomy of Vascular plants by George H.M. Lawrence
15) Plant Anatomy & Embyology - S.N. Pandy & A. Chadha
16) An Introduction to Structural Botany - F.T. Brooks & D. H. Scott.
17) College Botany Vol. III Mukerjee
18) Flora of Marathwada - V. N. Naik
19) Gymnosperms by P.C. Vaishta
20) Morphology of Angiosperms by Eames.
21) Plant Classification by Benson.
22) anatomy of Seed Plant by Singh, Pande & Jain.
23) A Text Book of Botany Gymnosperms by B.P. Pandey
Suggested & Readings
1)
Gymnosperms Bhatnagar S.P. & moitra A 1996 New Age International Limited New
Delhi.
2)
Principles of Angiosperms Taxonomy Devis P.H. & Heywood V.H. 1963 oliver & Boyd
Londen.
3)
Morphology of Evolution of vascular plant. G ford E.M. & foster,A.S. 1988 morphology
& Evolution of vascular plant W.H. freeman & company, New Delhi.
4)
Heywood Y.H. & more D.M. (Eds) 1994 current Academic press Londen
5)
An Introduction to plant Taxonomy Jettery C 1982 cambridge Londen.
6)
Plant systematics Jones S.B. Jr. and Luchsinger A.E. 1986 (II nd edition) Mcgraw-Hill
Book Co. Newyork.
7)
Flora of Delhi Maheshwari J.K. 1963 CSIR, new Delhi.
8)
Fundamentals of plants systematics Radford A.E. 1986 Harper & Row Newyork.
9)
Plant systematics theory and practicals singh a 1999 Axford University and IBH Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.
10) The morphology of gymnosperms Hutchinson & Co. Cpullishers) Ltd. Londan.
Suggested Readings
1)
Molecular Bilolgy of cell Alberts B. Bray D lewis, J. Raff, om Roberts, K and Waston
I.D. 1999. Garland publishing Co.Inc., Newyork USA.
2)
The science of genetics, Atherihy, A.G. Girton J.R. & me Donald J.F.1999 saynders
College publishing fort, worthm USA.
3)
Text-book of cell and molecular Biology Gupta P.K. 1999 Rastogi Publication, meerul,
India.
4)
Drincibles of cell and molecular Biology (II nd Edition) Kleinsmith L.J. & Kish V.M.
1995- Happer collin College publishers, Newyork, USA.
5)
Molecular cell Biology – Lodish H. Berk A Zipursky, S.L. matsudaira P. Baltimore D.
and Darnell, J 2000 W.H. freeman & Co., Newyorj, USA.
6)
Genetics Russel P.J.1998 The Benjamin / Cummigins publishing Co. Inc. USA.
7)
Principles of genetics, snustad D.P. & Simmons MJ 2000, John wiley & sons Inc. USA.
8)
Molecular aenetics stent G.S. 1986 CBS publications
9)
Molecular and cell Biology wolfe S.L. 1993 wadsworth publishing co. california USA.
Suggested Readings
1)
Gupta P.K. - 1999 A Text Book of Cell & Molecular Biology. Rastogi Publication,
Meerut India.
2)
Gupta P.K. - 1977 - Genetics-Rastogi Publication, Meerut, India.
3)
Gupta P.K. - 1997 - cytology, Genetics & Evolution-Rastogi Publication, Meerut, India.
4)
Dalela & Verma-1996-A Text Book of Genetics-Jai-Prakash Nath & Co.Meerut India.
5)
Dalela & Verma-1994-A Text Book of Genetics-Jai-Prakash Nath & Co.Meerut India.
6)
Pawar C.B.-1994-Cell Biology-Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai.
7)
Varma & Agarwal-1995-Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology & Evolution,
SChand & Co.New Delhi.
8)
S.Sundara Rajan - 1998-Introduction to Cell Biology-Vikas Publishing House,New
Delhi.
9)
Strick Bargar M.W.-1999-Genetics-Prentice-Hall of Inda, New Delhi.
10) Kumar H.D.-1998-Molecular Biology-Vikas Publishing Course, New Delhi.
11) Sing & Tomar-1996-Cell Biology-Rastogi Publication, Meerut India.
B.SC. I YEAR (Practical Pattern)
PAPER - III : Diversity of microbes and cryptogams
Q.1
Q.2
Q.3
Q.4
Q.5
Q.6
Time : 4 Hrs
Marks : 100
Note : Draw well labeled diagrams wherever necessary
Identify, Classify and Two algae from the given mixture.
Identify, Classify any describe the given Specimen ‘A’ (Fungi).
Identify and Classify the given specimen ‘B’ (Bryophtya) on the Basis of
external and internal characters.
Identify and describe the internal structure of specimen ‘C’ (Pteridophyta)
with well labeled diagrams.
Identify and describe the specimen (Spotting) D,E,F,G, H
Submission
i)
Record Book
ii)
Collection
iii) Field note book
10
10
15
15
25
10
10
05
PAPER IV : Structure, Development and reproduction in flowering plants.
Time : 4 Hrs
Mark : 100
Note : Draw well labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Identify and describe the structure, modification and pollination of the
given specimen ‘A’ (Flower)
15
Q.2
Identify and describe the structure of stomata in the given specimen ‘B’.
10
Q.3
Prepare a double stained permanent preparation of specimen ‘C’
Identify and describe with well labeled diagrams.
20
Q.4
Identify and describe the specimen D,E,F,G,H,I.
30
Q.5
Submission
a) Record Book
b) Permanent Slide
c) Field note Book
10
10
05
Q.1
B.SC. II YEAR (Practical)
PAPER - VII : Diversity of sees plants and their systematic
Time 4 Hrs
Q.1
Q.2
Q.3
Q.4
Q.5
Mark 100
Describe, Identify and classify up to genus and species giving reasons
specimen ‘A’ give formula formula & Draw a floral diagram.
Describe, Identify and classify up to family giving reasons specimen ‘B’
give floral formula.
Describe anatomical feature of specimen ‘C’ (Gymnosperm) & Make double
stained slide.
Spotting (5) D,E,F,G,H. (4 mark each)
Spot D - Angiopsperm
E – Angiopsperm
F – Angiopsperm
G – Gymnosperm
H – Gymnosperm / foosils.
(Submission, Field Report, Slide)
Record Book
Viva voce
20
15
20
20
10
10
5
PAPER VIII : Cell Biology & Genetics
Time 4 Hrs
Q.1
Q.2
Q.3
Q.4
Q.5
Q.6
Q.7
Mark 100
Prepare temporary squash of the given material and identify any
two stages (Mitosis)….
Prepare smear from the given material and identify and one stage (Meiosis)
Prepare an idiogram of the given Karyotype and comment.
Identify and describe in brief the electron micrographs (Any two)
Preparation of temporary slide of the given specimen and describe
cyclosis / cell structure.
Problem based on laws of inheritance gene interaction
Viva voce
Record Book
Submission
15
10
15
10
10
15
05
10
10
B.SC. III YEAR (Practical)
PAPER XI : Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Time : 4 hrs.
Q.1
Mark : 100
Make a list of materials required for the physiological experiment allotted to
your. Show it to the exminer. Write the procedure and record the result.
20
Q.2
Conduct the biochemical experiment ‘A’
20
Q.3
Describe the procedure of the experiment ‘B’
20
Q.4
Describe the principle and role of the phytohormonc ‘C’
15
Q.5
Submission
i) Project – work
ii) Record Book
ii) Viva voce
10
10
05
PAPER XII : Ecology & utilization of plants
Time 4 Hrs
Q.1
Q.2
Q.3
Q.4
Q,5
Mark 100
Conduct the ecological experiment allotted to you.
To measure / estimate / determine…. From the given sample.
Micro chemical tests (any two)
Spotting (5 spots)
(Identification, Botanical names, family and economic importance)
Submissio
1)
Record Book
2)
Collection of samples / plant – parts / product with description and
use report of hold visit.
3)
Viva voca
20
20
10
25
10
10
05
PAPER – XII
KEY OF EXAMINORS :
Not to be included in syllabus only for communication to examiners.
Use of experiments for
Q.1
1
To determine minimum size of quandrls required for reliable estimation of Biomass in
grassland.
2
To study the frequency of herbaceous species in grassland to compare the frequency
distribution with remarks frequency diagrams.
3
To estimate importance value index for grainzed grassland,
4
To estimate importance value index for protected grassland.
5
To measure the vegetation cover of grassland through stem cover by verneaalyper
method.
6
To above ground biomass in grassland
7
To estimate the leaf area index of a species in grassland community.
8
To diversity index by simpson method in protected grassland.
9
To determine diversity index by simpsion method in grassed grassland.
10
To determine diversity index by Shannon weaver method in protected and grassed
grassland.
Q.2
1)
To estimate bulk density of grassland soil.
2)
To estimate bulk density of woodland soil
3)
To estimate prosity of grass and woodland
4)
To determine maisture cut out of grassland soil.
5)
To determine moisture context of woodland soil.
6)
To determine water holding capacity of grassland soil.
7)
To determine water holding capacity of woodland soil.
8)
Vegetation structure through profile dilutor.
9)
To estimate transparency of dift. Waterbodies.
10) To estimate PH of dift. Water bodies.
11) To estimate temp. of diff. Water bodies.
12) To measure DOC in polluted water sauples.
13) To measure DOC in unpolluted water samples.
14) To estimate saliently of dift. Water samples.
15) To determine percent (%) leaf are injury of dift. Lead samples collected around polluted
sites.
16) To estimate durk holding capacity of the leaf of dift. Plant species.
B.Sc. III (Theory)
PAPER – IX : Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Time : 3 Hours
Q.1
Marks : 3
Long answer question ………..
20
OR
Describe in brief
a)
b)
(Based on chapeter ……. 2,3,4)
Q.2
Long answer question
20
OR
Explain in brief
a)
b)
(Based on chapters ……..5, 6)
Q.3
Long answer question
20
OR
Write in brief
a)
b)
(Based on chapters …….. 7,8)
Q.4
Long answer question
20
OR
Describe in brief
a)
b)
(Based on chapters 01, 09, 10)
Q.5 Write short notes on (any four)
a)
b)
c)
d)
All topics
e)
f)
PAPER – X : Ecology and Utilization of Plants
Time : 3 Hour
Q.1
Marks : 100
Long answer question ………
20
OR
Describe in brief
a)
b)
(Based on chapters ……… 1,2.3 Ecology)
Q.2
Long answer question ………
20
OR
Explain in brief
a)
b)
(Based on chapters ………4,5,6,7 Ecology)
Q.3
Longer answer question …………..
20
OR
Write in brief
a)
b)
Q.4
Long answer question ………..
20
OR
Describe in brief
a)
b)
Q.5 Write short notes on (any four)
a)
b)
Ecology
c)
d)
e)
f)
All topics. Utilizations & Plants
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University,
Aurangabad.
Faculty of Science
Pattern of Teeory Question Paper, V (B.Sc.II Year Botany)
Diversity Of Seed Plants and their Systematics
Time : 3 Hour
Marks : 100
Q.1
Long answer question (Gymnosperms) ………
OR
Describe in brief (Gymmosperms)
a)
b)
20
Q.2
Long answer question (Gymnosperms) ………
OR
Explain in brief (Gymnosperms)
a)
b)
20
Q.3
Longer answer question (Familiy(s) of Angiosperms) …………..
OR
Write in brief (Based on Chapter 4 & 5)
a)
b)
20
Q.4
Long answer question (Familiy(s) of Angiosperms) ………..
OR
Describe in brief (Based on Chapter 6 & 7)
a)
b)
20
Q.5 Write short notes on (any four) ..........................
a)
Gymnosperms
b)
Gymnosperms
c)
Gymnosperms
d)
Angiosperms
e)
Angiosperms
f)
Angiosperms
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University,
Aurangabad.
Faculty of Science
Pattern of Teeory Question Paper VII (B.Sc.II Year Botany)
Diversity Of Seed Plants and their Systematics
Time : 4 Hour
Marks : 100
(Note : Draw well labelled diagrams wherever necessary)
Q.1
Describe morphological and anatomical featuresof the specimen ‘A’ Gymnosperms)
Q.2
Explain in brief Slide / Specimen ‘B’ ………
10
Q.3
Describe, Classify and Identify with giving reasons the specimen ‘C’ and specimen
diagram …………..
30
Sportting (Five marks & Five minutes each) ………..
20
Q.4
‘D’ (Fam
Spot - E (Gymnosperms)
Spot - F (Gymnosperms)
Spot - G (Angiosperms)
Spot - H (Angioosperms)
Q.5 Submission
Record book ..............................
Field report & Viva voce .......................
10
10
Faculty of Science
B.Sc. II (Second Year) Examination
Subject : Botany
Paper VI - Cell Biology & Genetics
(Pattern Question Paper)
Q.1
Long answer (based on Nucleus & other cell organelles). ………..
OR
Describe in brief
a)
b)
20
Q.2
Long question (based on Chromosomes & Cell division)
OR
Describe in brief
a)
b)
20
Q.3
Long question (based on DNA:genetic material & Gene expression)
OR
Describe in brief
a)
b)
20
Q.4
Long question (based on Genetic inheritance, Genetic variations & Extra nuclear
OR
Describe in brief
a)
b)
Q.5 Write short notes on any four. (based on all chapters)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g
Faculty of Science
B.Sc. II (Second Year) Examination
Subject : Botany
Practical Paper VIII - Cell Biology & Genetics
(Pattern Question Paper)
Q.1
Prepare temporary squash of the given matrial and identify any two stages.
(Mitosis) .......................
20
Prepare smear from the given material and identify any one stage.
(Meiosis) .......................
10
Q.3
Prepare an idiogram of the given karyotype and comment .......................
15
Q.4
Identify and describe in brief the karyotype and comment .......................
10
Q.2
Q.5 Carry out the given experiment. (Pigment distribution / cell structure study). ....
10
Q.6
Problems based on law of inheritance / linked genes. .......................
20
Q.7
Viva .......................
10
Record book .......................
10