KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
SAHYDRI SCIENCE COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)
SHIMOGA-577 203
APPROVED SYLLABUS FOR INTEGRATED M.Sc. (Hons.) COURSE IN APPLIED
CHEMISTRY
V-SEMESTER
PAPER-VII
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
20 hours
17 hrs
Chapter 1
Co-ordination Chemistry:
Double salts, complex salts, definition of terms-complex ion, ligand, co-ordination
number, co-ordination sphere. Types of ligands with example-monodentate, bidentate,
polydentate, Ambidentate and macro cyclic ligands(crown ethers, porphyrins).
methods of detection of complex formation- conductivity, pH, colour.
Nomenclature of complex compounds, Sidwick’s theory of concept of effective
atomic number (EAN).
Isomerism in complex compounds
a. Structural isomerism-Ionization isomerism, hydrate isomerism, linkage
isomerism and co-ordinate isomerism.
b. Stereoisomerism in complex compounds with co-ordination number 4 and 6.
Stability of complex compounds- stability constant, factors influencing the stability of
complexes-Nature of metal ion, nature of ligands, chelation and macrocyclic effects.
Application of complex formation in (a) Metallurgy (in the extraction of nickel and
gold) (b) Qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Valance Bond Theory (VBT) as applied to complexes- inner and outer orbital
complexes. The structure and geometry of the following complexes to be discussed:
1. [Fe(CN)6]2- 2. [Fe(CN)6]33.[Fe(H2O)6]3+
4. [CoF6]3- 5. [Ni(CN)4]222+
6. [Ni(CO)4]
6. [Cu(NH3)4]
Crystal Field Theory (CFT): Splitting of d-orbitals in octahedral and tetrahedral
fields, tetragonal and square planar complexes with examples, effect of weak and
strong field ligands, spectrochemical series of ligands, crystal field stabilization
energy, calculation of CFSE for different systems, applications of CFT, experimental
evidences for metal –ligand covalent bonding in complexes, comparison between
CFT and VBT.
Chapter 2
Organic reagents in inorganic qualitative analysis:
Uses of the following organic reagents in inorganic quantitative analysis
1. EDTA 2. Oxine 3. DMG 4. 1,10-phenonthraline
Advantages and structures to be discussed.
1
3 hrs
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
20 hours
Chapter 1
12hrs
Stereochemistry
Concept of isomerism, structural isomerism, stereoisomerism and its types.
Optical isomerism
Elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, cause for optical activity – van’t Hoff –
Lebel hypothesis, enantiomers, and diastereoisomers – Fischer projection formulae
and properties. Configuration – D and L-configuration, erythro-threo configuration
and R and S-configuration. Optical isomerism of lactic acid and tartaric acid.
Racemisation, resolution (mechanical, biochemical and chemical), Walden inversion,
asymmetric synthesis (Using optically active reagent, optically active substrate,
optically active catalyst).
Geometrical isomerism
Conditions for the compound to exhibit geometrical isomerism, Cause for geometrical
isomerism, Nomenclature – cis-trans nomenclature, E-Z nomenclature, syn-anti
nomenclature in aldoximes and ketoximes. Determination of configuration of
geometrical isomers – physical methods, chemical methods, Beckmann
rearrangement.
Conformational isomerism
Cause for conformational isomerism, conformers, Newmann projection formulae.
Conformational isomerism of ethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, cyclohexane.
Chapter 2
5hrs
Heterocyclic compounds
Definition, nomenclature, classification, Synthesis - pyrrole, furan, thiophene,
pyridine, Chemical properties of pyrrole and pyridine, Comparison of basicity and
aromaticity (MOT) of pyrrole and pyridine, Synthesis and chemical properties of
indole.
Chapter 3
3hrs
Retro synthetic analysis
Planning of synthesis, synthones, synthetic equivalents, retro synthetic analysis of
cinnamic acid, methyl orange, hydroxyl amine, 2,6-dihydroxynitrobenzene, 2-propyl
pentanoicacid.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
20 hours
Chapter 1
Thermodynamics I
5 hrs
Definition of thermodynamic terms, intensive and extensive variables, isolated, open
and systems, state functions, thermodynamic processes, isothermal, adiabatic and
isochoric, isobaric, reversible and irreversible. Work, heat and internal energy.
Brief resume of Zeroth law and first law of thermodynamics, enthalpy and molar heat
capacities of gases, Cp and Cv and relation between them derived.
Expression for maximum work done in reversible isothermal and adiabatic expansion
of an ideal gas to be derived. Joul-Thomson effect, Joul-Thomson Coefficient,
inversion temperature, variation of entholpy of reaction with temperature (Kirchoff’s
equation to be derived and its applications).
2
Chapter 2
Thermodynamic - II
Spontaneous processes, heat engine, Carnot’s cycle and its efficiency.
Refrigeration and thermodynamic scale of temperature. Concept of entropy.
Entropy as a state function. Limitations of First law and need for the
second law. Statements of second law of thermodynamics. Entropy changes
of an ideal gas with P, V and T. Calculation of entropy changes in
different processes Molecular interpretation of entropy. Physical significance
of entropy. Entropy changes in phases.
Free energy - Helmholtz free energy (A). Gibb’s free energy (G) and their
relationship. Free energy and useful work. Significance of free energy and
useful work. Significance of free energy change - criteria for equilibrium
and spontaneity. Variation of free energy with P.V. and T. Derivation of
Gibbs – Helmholtz equation. Equilibrium constant and its variation with
temperature - Vant Hoff’s isotherm, Vant Hoff’s
equation , Clausius Clapeyron equation and its applications.
10 hrs
Chapter 3
Physical properties
and molecular structure:
Additive properties, constitutive properties, additive - constitutive properties (Molar
refraction, refractive index, molar volume - parachor).
Polarisation: Induced polarization, orientation polarization, molar polarization,
Classius Mosotti equation (No derivation) and its importance.
Dipole moment: Explanation its importance in comparison of bond polarity
taking hydro acids of halogens.
Shape of the molecules:
a)
b)
c)
Tetratomic molecules ex. : PF3 , PCl3
Pentatomic molecules ex. : CCl4 , SiCl4
Differentiating between cis and trans isomers
ex. : 1,2-dichloro ethane
5 hrs
3
KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
SAHYDRI SCIENCE COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)
SHIMOGA-577 203
SYLLABUS FOR INTEGRATED M.Sc. (Hons.) COURSE IN APPLIED CHEMISTRY
V-SEMESTER
PAPER-VIII
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
20 hours
Chapter 1
Pulp and paper Industry:
5 hrs
Introduction, raw materials, pulp definition, methods of production chemical and
semichemical, sulphate (Kraft), Pulp process (outline).
Process description, bleaching of pulp by product utilization, pollution and waste
disposal, paper products, definition, types of paper production, outline of production.
Fertilizer Industry:
4 hrs
Introduction, nitrogenase fertilizers, ammonia, urea, ammonium nitrate. Phosphorous
fertilizers-calcium phosphate, nitro phosphate, super phosphate and ammonium
phosphate.
Principles of Gravimetric Analysis:
4 hrs
General principles, conditions for precipitation, choice of precipitation, advantages of
using organic precipitation, factors influencing the solubility of the precipitate,
theories of precipitation, post precipitation, co-precipitation, effect of digestion,
precipitation from homogeneous solution (PFHS), pH change, ion release reagents,
change in oxidation state, use of mixed solvents and analytical applications.
Separation technique:
Chromatography-types, column, thin layer and paper chromatography, high
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography.
7 hrs
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Chapter 1
8hrs
Carbohydrates
Definition, Classification, Constitution of glucose and fructose (open chain and ring
structure), Inter conversion – aldose to ketose and ketose to aldose, chain lengthening
and chain shortening of aldoses. Epimerisation.(conversion of glucose to mannose).
Mechanism of mutarotation.
Disaccharides - Elucidation of structure of maltose and sucrose.
Polysaccharides – Structure of starch and cellulose.
Chapter 2
2hrs
Vitamins
Definition, Classification and biological importance; synthesis of vitamin C from
D(+)-Glucose, synthesis of vitamin A
4
Chapter 3
2hrs
Hormones
Definition, Classification, Biological importance of hormones, synthesis of adrenaline
and thyroxin.
Chapter 4
3hrs
Enzymes
Definition, Classification, active site; factors affecting activity of enzymes with
explanation, Specificity of enzymes, Mechanism of enzyme catalysis (Chymotrypsin
as an example).
Chapter 5
Nucleic acid
Composition, Synthesis of nucleosides and nucleotides, Structure of DNA.
2hrs
Chapter 6
3hrs
Dyes
Definition, classification with examples, Theory of colour and constitution chromophore-auxochrome theory, modern theory. Synthesis and uses of Congo red,
malachite green, indigo. Structural elucidation, synthesis and uses of alizarin.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
20 hours
Chapter 1
Electrochemistry II:
Potentiometric titrations
i)
Acid –base titrations
ii)
Redox titrations
3 hrs
Chapter 2
Fuel cells:
5 hrs
Different types, their constructions and working, important of fuel cells, polarization,
decomposition potential, over voltage.
Chapter 3
Solar energy:
4 hrs
Direct solar power, indirect solar power with examples, photovoltaic cells,
construction and working of photovoltaic cell, advantages and disadvantages.
Chapter 4
Crystallography:
8 hrs
Different types of crystals, Laws of constancy of angles. Elements of
symmetry - plane , axes and centre of symmetry. Elements of symmetry in
cubic system. Crystal lattice - space lattice and unit cell crystal sytems.
Bravis lattice, Miller indices, lattice planes in different cubic systems. Xray diffraction and Bragg’s law (to be derived). Determination of crystal
structure of rock salt by Bragg’s method. Avogadro number.
5
V SEMESTER PRACTICALS
4 hrs per week
Part A
01. Estimation of Barium in Barium chloride solution.
02. Estimation of Iron as Iron oxide in Mohr’s salt.
03. Estimation of Aluminium as aluminium oxide in potash alum solution.
04. Estimation of Nickel as Nickel dimethylglyoximate in Nickel ammonium sulphate
solution.
05. Estimation of Copper as Cuprous thiocyanate in copper sulphate solution.
06. Estimation of Zinc as Zinc Oxinate in zinc sulphate solution.
Part B
01. Preparation of double salt (nickel ammonium sulphate).
02. Preparation of complex compound (copper ammonium sulphate).
03. Preparation of complex compound (potassium trioxalato aluminate).
04. Preparation of organic compounds by
a) Oxidation
b) Acetylation
c) Nitration
d) Bromination
6
KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
SAHYDRI SCIENCE COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)
SHIMOGA-577 203
SYLLABUS FOR INTEGRATED M.Sc. (Hons.) COURSE IN APPLIED CHEMISTRY
VI-SEMESTER
PAPER-IX
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
20 hours
Chapter 1
Co-ordination Chemistry
MOT of co-ordination complexes, σ- and л-bonding in octahedral complexes, σ- and
л-bonding in tetrahedral complexes. л-acceptor ligands, metal carbonyls- bonding in
metal carbonyls, IR spectra of metal complexes, determination of geometry of metal
carbonyls.
10 hrs
Chapter 2
Magnetic Properties
Types and origin of magnetic behaviour, effect of temperature, Pascal’s constant,
magnetic susceptibility, effect of temperature on magnetic moment (), calculation of
, factors influencing  of complexes-number of unpaired electrons, strength and
symmetry of ligand field orbital contribution, spin-orbit coupling, quenching of
orbital moments.
Magnetic behaviour of polynuclear complexes determination of magnetic
susceptibility-Gouy and Farady methods, application of magnetic data in the study of
complexes.
5 hrs
Chapter 3
Metallurgy
Extraction, properties and uses of Titanium, Molybdenum, tungsten, Chromium.
Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium, zone refining
5 hrs
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Chapter 1
20 hrs
Spectroscopy
8hrs
Electromagnetic radiation, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with organic
molecules, Frequency, wavelength, energy of a wave.
UV-Visible spectroscopy
Range, frequency and energy of UV radiations, interaction of UV radiation with
organic molecules, types of transitions, allowed and non-allowed transitions, Concept
of chromophores and auxochromes, bathochromic shift and hypso chromic shift,
hyper chromic effect and hypo chromic effect.
Comparison of max organic compounds taking following examples giving reasons
1. CH3CHO and C6H5CHO
2. Ethylene and 1,3-butadiene
3. Cis and trans stilbene
4. Cis-trans cinnamic acid
7
IR spectroscopy
Range, frequency and energy of IR radiations, interaction of IR radiation with organic
molecules, molecular vibrations – stretching and bending vibrations, Hook’s law,
finger print region, Stretching frequency of functional groups in benzaldehyde,
acetophenone, ethyl acetate, aniline and methyl amine.
Chapter 2
4hrs
Polymers
Definition, Types of polymers, Addition polymers - mechanism of polymerization
(ionic and free radical). Synthesis and uses of PVC, Teflon.
Condensation polymers – polyester (Dacron), polyamides (Nylon-6,6).
Thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics – phenolic resins, epoxy resins.
Chapter 3
4hrs
Drugs
Definition, Requisites of a drug, chemotherapy, sources of drugs.
Sulpha drugs – examples, mode of action, Synthesis and uses of Sulphanilamide,
Sulpha thiazole.
Antimalarial drugs – Synthesis and uses of chloroquin.
Antipyretics – Synthesis and uses of paracetamol, aspirin.
Hypnotics and sedatives Chapter 4
4hrs
Nanochemistry
Introduction to nanoscale science and technology, fabrication-‘top-down’ vs ‘bottomup’ processes, fabrication of nanostructures for advanced device applications, nanoscale functional materials for bio-applicaions(in energy, informatics, medicine, food
safty, agriculture etc.), characterization of nanoparticles-imaging, visualization and
manipulation, nanotoxicology-safty issues with nanoscale powders and
nanocomposites
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
20 hours
4 hrs
Chapter 1
Spectrophotometry
Laws of absorption of light – (Lambert’s law, Beer’s law, Beer-Lambert’s law,
Absorption spectra Absorption co-efficient , molar absorption co-efficient ,
molar extinction
co-efficient, Instrumentation of spectrophotometer and
determination of absorption band. Uses of Spectrophotometer. (Problems to be
solved).
Chapter 2
10 hrs
Photochemistry
Photo physical processes, photochemical processes, photoelectric effect with
examples. Laws of photochemistry. (Grothus – Draper law, Einstein’s - Stark
law of photochemical equivalence) , quantum yield or efficiency. Reasons
for low and high quantum yield with examples. Primary and secondary
processes. Mechanism of the following photochemical processes.
8
a)
Decomposition of HI
b)
Combination of H2 and Br2
c)
Combination of H2 and Cl2
Problems based on quantum yield. Chemiluminescence, bioluminescence,
fluorescence, phosphorescence, photo inhibitors, photosensitization, photosynthesis,
chemical actinometers (uranyl oxalate actinometer). Jablansky’s diagram.
Photography: Photographic plate, exposure, developing, fixing and printing.
Chapter 3
6 hrs
Radiation chemistry
Radiolysis, radiolysis of water vapour. Radiation dosimetry (units). Dosimeters
(Fricks dosimeter and ceric sulphate dosimeter). Application to some simple
organic and inorganic reactions. (C2H2 , CH4 , C6H6 , HCOOH, CH3COOH) .
Lind’s cluster theory, Erying , Hircefelder and Taylor Theory (EHT theory).
Difference between photochemistry and Radiation chemistry.
9
KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
SAHYDRI SCIENCE COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)
SHIMOGA-577 203
SYLLABUS FOR INTEGRATED M.Sc. (Hons.) COURSE IN APPLIED CHEMISTRY
VI-SEMESTER
PAPER-X
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
20 hours
Chapter 1
Organometallic Chemistry
8 hrs
Ionic compounds, Organometallic compounds of group II, III, IV and V, compounds
of transition metals with multi centered bonds with л- bonded ligands, bonding in лmeal complexes, bonding in л-metal alkenyl complexes( Zeis Salt), bonding in
ferrocene (elementary account), aromatic character of ferrocene, reactions of phenyl
rings(electrophilic substitution reactions), aromaticity of cyclic CnHn ligands,
classification of ligands in Organometallic compounds, 18-elecctron rule (inert gas
rule).
Chapter 2
Bio-inorganic Chemistry
6 hrs
Elements in biological systems- metal and nonmetals, bulk metal and trace metal, role
of bulk metal and trace metals.
Iron: Co-ordination environment in HEAME, functions of HEAME and GLOBIN,
structure of haemoglobin.
Zinc: Zinc containing metalloenzymes, role of carbonic anhydrase and carboxy
peptidase.
Magnesium: Co-ordination environment in chlorophyll, skeletal structure of
chlorophyll, role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis.
Cobalt: Vitamin B12. Molybdenum: Nitorgenase.
Chapter 3
Environmental Chemistry
6 hrs
Air pollution - air pollutants - oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur. Global
warming, acid rain.
Photochemical smog, depletion of ozone layer-causes and its effect, control of air
pollution.
Water pollution –types of pollutants, domestic sewage, industrial effluents, dissolved
metal ions and their effects, DO, BOD, COD.
Soil pollution- pollutants-agricultural and animal manures.
Uses of pesticides: radio active wastes, control of soil pollution.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Chapter 1
4hrs
Oils, fats and waxes
Definition, chemical composition, Chemical properties - hydrogenation,
hydrogenolysis, hydrolysis, drying oils, rancidity, Analysis of oils and fats saponification value, iodine and acid value, manufacture of soaps - hot process,
10
cleansing action. Synthetic detergents, comparison of soaps and detergents, types of
detergents (cationic, anionic and nonionic) animal and plant waxes.
Chapter 2
4hrs
Amino acids and proteins
Definition and classification of amino acids, methods of synthesis of α-amino acids
(Gabriel’s phthalimide, Streckers synthesis). Zwitter ion and isoelectric point,
Peptides: peptide bond, carbobenzoxy method of synthesis of peptides
Protein: Classification based on composition, structure and function, primary and
secondary structures of proteins. Denaturation of proteins, Ninhydrin and Biuret tests.
Chapter 3
4hrs
Alkaloids
Definition, method of isolation; elucidation of structure of nicotine and its synthesis
by spath process. Structure and uses of atropine and cocaine.
Chapter 4
4hrs
Terpenes
Definition, Classification, Isolation; isoprene rule. Structural elucidation of menthol,
Structural elucidation of citral and its synthesis from methyl heptenone
Chapter 5
4 hrs
Molecular rearrangements
Types of rearrangements, Benzilic acid rearrangement, Hoffmann rearrangement,
Curtius rearrangement, Lossen rearrangement, Benzidine rearrangement.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
20 hours
Molecular spectroscopy
Chapter 1
Microwave spectroscopy
10 hrs
Spectrum of electromagnetic radiations, interaction of electro magnetic
radiations with molecules, quantisatiation of different forms of energies in
molecules. Condition for energy absorption by
molecules (emissions and
absorption spectrum). Spectroscopic terms, classification, types of molecules,
(microwave active and microwave inactive), Linear molecules, spherical top
molecules, symmetric top molecules, asymmetric top molecules.
Diatomic molecule as a rigid rotator. Model, moment of intertia expression.
Rotation energy expression, wave number of Rotational spectral spectral
line expression (to be derived), Energy level diagram (selection rate and
rotational transitions). Determination of moment of intertia and bond
length of diatomic molelcules (CO, HCl molecules) isotopic effect on the
Rotational spectra , Intensity of Rotational Spectral lines. Non rigid rotator
model, limitations of rigid rotator model, frequency of rotational spectal line(to be
derived), Applications of Microwave spectroscopy (Problems to be solved).
11
Chapter 2
Vibrational spectroscopy
5 hrs
Vibration spectra of diatomic molecules - diatomic molecule as a simple
harmonic oscillator (one – dimensional , Hook’s law and force constant).
Vibration energy diagrams, zero point energy, selection rule.
Chapter 3
Raman spectroscopy
5 hrs
Raman spectra, Rayleigh’s line, stokes lines and antistokes lines in Raman spectra,
pure rotational Raman spectrum of diatomic molecule, selection rules for rotational –
vibrational Raman spectra of diatomic molecules, energy level diagram, experimental
set up of Raman spectrophotometer, advantages of Raman spectroscopy over IR
spectroscopy.
VI SEMESTER PRACTICALS
4 hrs per week
Paper -VII
01. Determination of percentage composition of a binary mixture of organic liquids
by using Abbe’s Refractometer.
02. Determination of rate constant of inversion of cane sugar by Polarimeter.
03. Determination of cell constant (0.1N KCl solution to be prepared by students) and
determine the equivalent conductance of the given electrolyte solution by using
conductivity bridge.
04. Determination of cell constant (0.1N KCl solution to be prepared by students) and
determine the equivalent conductance at infinite dilution for weak electrolyte of
given solution.
05. Conductometric titrations
a) Sodium hydroxide vs Hydrochloric acid
b) Mixture of weak acid and strong acid vs Sodium hydroxide.
06. Determine the pH of mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate at different
concentrations and determination of dissociation constant of acid by using pH
meter.
07. Potentiometric titrations
a) Mohr’s salt solution vs Potassium dichromate/Potassium permanganate solution
b) Hydrochloric acid vs Sodium hydroxide.
08. Estimation of Cu(II) in the given solution by colorimetric method.
09. Estimation of Fe(III) in the given solution by colorimetric method.
VI SEMESTER PRACTICALS
4 hrs per week
1.
2.
3.
4.
Paper -VIII
Part A
Preparation of p-Bromo aniline from aniline.
Preparation of p-Nitroaniline from aniline.
Preparation of Adipic acid from cyclohexanone.
Cannizzaro’s reaction.
Part B
1. Estimation of citric acid from lemon juice.
12
2.
3.
4.
5.
Estimation of salicylic acid from aspirin tablets.
paper chromatography.
Estimation of proteins.
Estimation of carbohydrates.
13