Chapter 11
Intelligence 45
HANDOUT
World War I Intelligence Test
Match your wits with World War I-era recruits with the following questions from actual army intelligence tests.
Circle the letter in front of the correct answer.
Bull Durham is the name of a
A. chewing gum
B. aluminum ware
C. tobacco
D. clothing
2. Seven-up is played with
A. rackets
B. cards
C. pins
D. dice
8. Soap is made by
A. T. Babbitt
B. Smith & Wesson
C. W. L. Douglas
D. Swift & Co.
9. Laura Jean Libby is known as a
A. singer
B. suffragist
C. writer
D. army nurse
3. The Merino is a kind of
A. horse
B. sheep
C. goat
D. cow
10. An air-cooled engine is used in the
A. Buick
B. Packard
C. Franklin
D. Ford
4. The most prominent industry of Minneapolis is
A. flour
B. packing
C. automobiles
D. brewing
11. A house is better than a tent, because
A. it costs more
B. it is more comfortable
C. it is made of wood
5. Garnets are usually
A. yellow
B. blue
C. green
D. red
6. The Orpington is a kind of
A. fowl
B. horse
C. granite
D. cattle
7. George Ade is famous as a
A. baseball player
B. comic artist
C. actor
D. author
12. Why does it pay to get a good education'?
A. it makes a man more useful and happy
B. it makes work for teachers
C. it makes demand for buildings for schools and
colleges
13. If the grocer should give you too much money in
making change, what is the right thing to do?
A. buy some candy off him with it
B. give it to the first poor man you meet
C. tell him of his mistake
14. Why should food be chewed before swallowing?
A. it is better for the health
B. it is bad manners to swallow without chewing
C. chewing keeps the teeth in condition
46 Chapter 11
Intelligence
HANDOUT 11-8 (continued)
15. If you saw a train approaching a broken track, you
should
A. telephone for an ambulance
B. signal the engineer to stop the train
C. look for a piece of rail to fit in
16. If you are lost in a forest in the daytime, what is
the thing to do?
A. hurry to the nearest house you know of
B. look for something to eat
C. use the sun or a compass for a guide
17. It is better to fight than to run. because
A. cowards are shot
B. it is more honorable
C. if you run you may get shot in the back
18. Why should a!l parents be made to send their chil
dren to school? Because
A. it prepares them for adult life
B. it keeps them out of mischief
C. they are too young to work
19. Why do some men who could afford to own a
house live in a rented one? Because
A. they don't have to pay taxes
B. they don't have to buy a rented house
C. they can make more by investing the money
the house would cost
20. Why is beef better food than cabbage? Because
A. it tastes better
B. it is more nourishing
C. it is harder to obtain
Source: Reprinted by permission of the American Social History Project/Center for Media and Learning. The Graduate
Center. CUNY, historymatters@gnm.edu.
Chapter 11
Intelligence 47
HANDOUT 11-9
How Smart Are You?
The following twenty questions represent what you may encounter on an intelligence test, although we tried to make
them a little more amusing than the average IQ-type question. Take the twenty questions and mark your answers carefully. Time yourself very carefully and work as quickly as you can.
Time Started:
__
1. The day before two days after the day before tomorrow is SATURDAY. What day is it today?
2. What comes next, most logically, in the following sequence?
S A I B L C V D E E R F A G N H N 11 J V K E L R M S N A O R a.
PY
b. B Q
c. R R
d. B R
3. What is one twentieth of one half of one tenth of 10.000?
4. What is the following scrambled word?
NNREAIVARYS
5. In the following examples, each set of symbols stands for a worD. Study all three words given and the symbol
equivalent and translate the fourth line into a word.
GREEN
GRASS
MARKS
6. Which of the sentences given below means approximately the same as: "beauty is only skin deep"?
a. Some actresses are made up by the studios so that you cannot tell what they really look like.
b. Don't judge a book by its cover.
c. Some people have prettier appearances than others.
d. Good looks don't matter that much.
48 Chapter 11
intelligence
HANDOUT 11-9 (continued)
1. Which of the figures shown below the line of drawings best continues the sequence?
d
8. Canoe is to ocean liner as glider is to:
a. kite
b. airplane
c. balloon
d. car
9. Everyone at the Mensa party contest won prizes. Tom won more than Sally: Ann won less than Jane; Jane won
less than Sally but more than Walter. Walter won fewer prizes than Ann. Who won the most prizes?
10. There is one five-letter word which can be inserted in each of the two blanks below. When you have put in the
right word, you will have four new words, two on each line,
(Example: Place WORK on the line between HAND _____ PLACE, giving HANDWORK and WORK
PLACE.)
BOAT _____ WORK
DOG _____ HOLD
11. Tom, Jim, Peter, Susan, and Jane all took the Mensa test. Jane scored higher than Tom, Jim scored lower than
Peter but higher than Susan, and Peter scored lower than Tom. All of them are eligible to join Mensa. but who
had the highest score?
12. If it were two hours later, it would be half as long until midnight as it would be if it were an hour later. What
time is it now?
13. Pear is to apple as potato is to:
a. banana b. radish
c. strawberry d. lettuce
14. Continue the following number series below with the group of numbers which best continues the series.
1 10395 8 7 7 9 6 ? ?
a. 11 5
b. 105
c. 1 0 4 d. 11 6
15. Which of the following is least like the others?
a. poem b. novel
c. painting
d. statue
e, flower
16. What is the following word when it is unscrambled?
HCPRAATEU
17. What is the number that is one half of one quarter of one tenth of four hundred?
18. Which of the sentences given below means approximately the same as the proverb: ''Don't count your chickens
until they are hatched"?
a. Some eggs have double yolks so you can't really count eggs and chickens.
b. You can't walk around the henhouse to count the eggs because it will disturb the hens and they won't lay
eggs.
c. It is not really sensible to rely on something that has not yet happened and may not ever happen.
d. Since eggs break so easily, you may not be accurate in your count of future chickens.
19. The same four-letter word can be placed on the blank lines below to make two new words from each of those
shown. Put in the correct four-letter word to make four new words from those shown below.
(Example: HAND could be placed between BACK _____ WORK to make BACKHAND AND HANDWORK.)
HEAD _____ MARK
DREAM _____ FALL
Chapter 11
Intelligence 49
HANDOUT 11-9 (continued)
20. Which of the figures shown below the line of drawings best completes the series?
1
III
7
11V
- ..
Time finished:
Source: Intelligence test from The Mcnsa book of words, word games, puzzles, and oddities (pp. 145-149) by Victor
Serebriakoff and Abbie F. Salny. Copyright © 1988 by Abbie F. Salny. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins
Publishers. Inc.
50 Chapter 11
Intelligence
HANDOUT 11-10
Analogies Test
Time started _
Time elapsed
Choose the word or number in the second pair that is most closely related to the first. For example: Apple is to pear as
veal is to a) pork b) fish. The answer would be a, since apple and pear are both fruit and veal and pork are both meat.
1. Potatoes are to peanuts as apples are to:
a) carrots b) lilies c) peaches d) tomatoes
e) cucumbers
2. Spain is to Argentina as Portugal is to:
a) Trinidad b) Brazil c) Mexico d) Guyana
e) Canada
3. Celsius is to 0° as Fahrenheit is to:
a) 100° b)0° c)32° d)212° e ) S 1 2 °
4. Drachma is to Greece as peseta is to:
a) Mexico b) Italy c) Canada d) Brazil e)
Spain
5. Loops is to spool as straw is to:
a) pinker b) hay c) painting d) warts e)
rosy
6. Napoleon is to Melba as macadam is to:
a) roads b) poinsettia c) overshoes
d) trees e) food
7. Rich is to money as leafy is to:
a) vase b) foliage c) mountain
d) flower e) dog
8. The number 2 is to 8 as 5 is to:
a) 15 b) 100 c) 125 d) 10 e) 60
9. 1789 is to France as 1648 is to:
a) Germany b) Switzerland c) New Zealand
d) United States e) England 10. The letter A
is to E as B is to: a)C b)D c)G d ) H e)
Q
Q
D
A
*Q*
as
x^
is to
11. Retort is to chemist as ramekin is to:
a) painter b) engineer c) dressmaker
d) cook e) lawyer
12. Black Beauty is to horse as Lassie is to:
a) cow b) bird c) dog d) whale e) camel
13. Palette is to artist as kiln is to:
a) potter b) painter c) goldsmith d) writer
e) cook
14. Ceylon is to Sri Lanka as Constantinople is to:
a) New Constantine b) Leningrad c) New York
d) London e) Istanbul
15. The Raven is to Poe as Gone with the Wind is
to:
a) Mitchell b) Keats c) Robbins d) Susann
e) Blake
16. Star is to constellation as constellation is to:
a) sun b) earth c) galaxy d) planetoid
e) moon
17. Onions are to leeks as crocuses are to:
a) apples b) saffron c) tulips dj lilacs e)
bananas
18. Reagan is to Carter as Truman is to:
a) Dewey b) Jackson c) Kennedy
d) Roosevelt e) Johnson
19. Halley is to comet as Broca is to:
a) printing b) tires c) automobiles d) brain
e) fruit 20.
^f e
AD
Q
Q••
*.o
« A
A.
0**
0
AA
Q
Q
Time finished
Source: Marvin Grosswirth & Dr. Abbie Salny. The Mensa genius quiz book, Copyright 1981 by Marvin Grosswirth.
Chapter 11
Intelligence 53
HANDOUT 11-12
Remote Associates Test
Instructions: In this test you are presented with three words and asked to find a fourth word that is related to all three. Write
this word in the space to the right.
For example, what word do you think is related to these three?
paint
doll
cat
.........................
The answer in this case is ''house'": House paint, doll house, and house cat.
pay
line
2. end
burning
blue sure
3. man
hot
ball
4. stick
hair
cottage
4
5.
cake
high
5
6. man
wheel
down
6
7. motion
poke
ball
7
8. stool
powder
surprise
8
9. line
birthday
luck golf
9
1.
call
blue
3
10.
wood
liquor
walker
10
11.
house
village
precious
II
12. plan
show
tender
12
13.
key
wall
soda
13
14.
bell
iron
dance
14
15. water
pen
slow
15
16.
base
snow
charge
16
17.
steady
cart
my
17
18. up
book
person
18
19.
writer
pencil
19
20. leg
arm
shape tie
20
21. weight
pipe
night fat
21
22. spin
tip
light air
22
23. sharp
thumb
gum
23
24. out
band
jack-rear
24
25. cool
house
25
26. back
short
26
27. man
order
27
28. bath
up
28
29. ball
out
29
30. up
deep
30
tin
Source: Gardner, R. (1980). Exercises for general psychology (pp. 115-116). Minneapolis: Burgess. Reprinted with permission from PSYCHOLOGY TODAY MAGAZINE. Copyright © 1980 (Sussex Publishers. Inc.).
Name:
Development of "Intelligence"
A.P. Psychology
Date:
Hour:
Origins of Intelligence
Francis Galton (1822-1911)
• British child prodigy
• Fascinated by measuring
human traits.
• Inspired by cousin's Origin
of Species to apply ideas to
"natural abilities."
• Wrote Hereditary Genius
• 1st to quantifiably measure
mental ability.
Alfred Binet (1857-1911)
• Commissioned to find a way to
determine children's abilities for
school admissions.
• Worked with Theodore Simon on
this task.
• Measured mental age.
• They considered their tests to
measure environmentally
influenced intelligence (not inborn
intelligence).
Louis Terman (1877-1956) •
Adapted and "created" the
Stanford-Binet Intelligence
Test (used to measure "inborn
intelligence")
Expanded it to fits persons of
all ages.
Supported Eugenics ___________
William Stern (1871 - 1938)
Developed the "IQ" from
Terman's tests.
I.Q. =
mental age
Chronological age x 100
Intelligence Test Terms
Mental age - measure of intelligence performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most
typically corresponds to a given level of performance.
Stanford-Binet Test - the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet's
original intelligence test.
Intelligence Quotient - defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca)
multiplied by 100 (IQ = ma/ca x 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a
given age = 100.
Eugenics - 19l century movement that proposed applying the measurements gained from testing to
"encouraging" only the smartest/fittest to reproduce.
What is intelligence?
Definition: Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use
knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Psychologists Debate:
• Does each of us have an inborn general mental capacity (intelligence), and can we quantify this
capacity as a meaningful number?
• Is intelligence one general ability or several specific abilities?
General Intelligence
Think of a person you consider intelligent. Can you measure that person's intelligence on one scale?
Can we measure the intelligence of the people we are thinking of right now on the same scale?
Charles Spearman - believed we have one general intelligence (g).
• Helped develop factor analysis - a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items
on a test (not necessarily an intelligence test).
• Think of intelligence like athleticism (if you are good at one, you are good at many sports)
o At the same time, skills at basketball doesn't make you the best skater.
Theories of Multiples Intelligences
What would you call the "intelligence" that Spearman discussed? (academic or school smarts)
Psychologists since the 80s have been trying to expand on this.
Howard Gardner - Views intelligence as multiple abilities that come in packages. Support brain damage can destroy some aspects of intelligence and leave others unharmed Savant
Syndrome - Savants score very low on intelligence tests but have an "island of brilliance" Kim
Peek - Rain Man - abilities include memorizing books (9,000 including the Bible and
Shakespeare) and maps (directions of any major U.S. city).
Gardner's 8 Intelligences
• Linguistic
• Logical-Mathematical
o These first 2 are the aptitudes assessed by standardized tests.
• Musical
• Spatial
• Bodily-Kinesthetic
• Intrapersonal (self)
• Interpersonal (others)
• Naturalistic
Take a multiple intelligences inventory
Sternberg's Three Intelligences - Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
• Analytical (academic problem-solving) intelligence
o Assessed by intelligence test, which present well-defined questions having a single right
answer.
• Creative intelligence
o Demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ieas.
• Practical intelligence
o Required for everyday tasks, which may be ill defined, with multiple solutions.
Intelligence and Creativity
Creativity - The ability to create novel and valuable ideas.
• Studies suggest that a level of aptitude (about 120 on intelligence tests) is necessary but not
sufficient for creativity.
• Intelligence tests, which demand a single right answer require convergent thinking
• Creativity tests require divergent thinking.
Divergent (Non-directed) Thinking Example:
An old moneylender offered to cancel a merchant's debt and keep him from going to prison if the
merchant would give up his daughter. Horrified yet desperate, the merchant and his daughter agreed to
let Providence decide. The moneylender said that he would put a black pebble and white pebble in a bag
and the girl would draw one. The white pebble would cancel the debt and leave her free.
The black one would make her the moneylender's, although the debt would be cancelled. If she refused
to pick, her father would go to prison. From the pebble-strewn path they were standing on, the
moneylender picked up two pebbles and quickly put them in the bag, but the girl saw that he had picked
up two black ones.
What would you have done if you were the girl?
When the girl put her hand into the bag to draw out the fateful pebble, she fumbled and dropped it,
where it was immediately lost among the others. "Oh," she said, "well you can tell which one I picked
by looking at the one that's left."
Creativity Test - Think of as many uses for baking soda as you can for 3 minutes.
• Use divergent thinking, go for quantity not quality.
• The adult group record is 83 uses held by Hewlett Packard.
The school group record is 174 uses held by a 5th grade class in San Diego, CA.
The adult individual average is 13 uses.
Classic: "Mix the baking soda with vinegar. Gargle with it and pretend you have rabies on
Halloween."
Move one digit to make the equation correct: 26 - 63 = 1. (2 to the 6th power / move it UP)
•
Sternberg's 5 Components of Creativity
1. Expertise
• Well-developed base of knowledge furnishes our "mental building blocks." The
more blocks, the more chances we have to combine them in novel ways.
2. Imaginative Thinking Skills
• Use of divergent thinking, reorganizing ideas, looking at them in new ways,
letting go of the confines of logical rigidity.
3. A venturesome personality
• Seeking new experiences and tolerating obstacles. Encounters with new cultures
foster creativity.
4. Intrinsic motivation
• Being driven more by interest, curiosity, satisfaction, and challenge is very
important.
5. A creative environment
• Colleagues, peers, institutions.
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.