Biology HB
Study Guide Semester I 2015 Sister Ruth
Study the objectives given out for each chapter, Chapter review documents,
terms (study stacks), hand outs, all color plates, and drawings from
objectives. Do not study handouts from videos.
The type of questions may include multiple choice, matching,
fill-in, and the labeling of diagrams. There might be a short essay.
Know the list of topics as given below for each chapter:
You may bring an index card for reference during the exam. See the index
card hand out information at the bottom of this document for requirements.
The index card is optional but highly recommended.
Chapter I Biological Themes
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Study of Biology and social issues
branches of biology
the characteristics of life and describe each
growth of living things compared to “growth” of nonliving things
7 steps of scientific method. the difference between hypothesis,
theory and fact, dependent and independent variables
difference between inferring, predicting and making a
conclusion; bias and conflict of interest in scientific research
levels of organization of the Biosphere and examples for each level
parts and functions of a compound microscope
how an electron microscope transmission electron microscope and a
scanning electron microscope differ in image produced, magnification
and types of specimens observed
Safety guidelines – see safety lab, and safety contract; safety video
Study all terms for Chapter 1
Chapter 1 Review Sheet
Diagrams: Parts of a microscope Levels of Organization
Biology HB
Study Guide Semester I 2015 Sister Ruth
Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life
 the difference between mass and matter
 the structure of an atom, description of subatomic particles, elements,
isotopes and radioisotopes
 the characteristics of a compound
 how an ionic bond is formed and how a covalent bond is formed and
an example of each
 3 types of matter and examples of each, how to recognize them
 distinguish between physical changes and chemical changes
 oxidation reduction reaction
 enzyme role in chemical reactions
 dissociation of water to form –OH and H+ ions
 polar compounds, hydrogen bonding, adhesion cohesion
 hydrogen bonding and how it moderates temperature changes
 the differences between an acid and a base, what pH means, what
determines the range of the pH scale, examples of acids and bases
 why living things must control pH and how buffers help
Study the chapter 2 review
Study all terms for Chapter 2
Diagrams: structure of an atom,
Chapter 3 Biochemistry
 the difference between organic and inorganic
 “HONC”
 the forms of carbon compounds (organic in comparison to inorganic
compounds)
 functional groups examples and role
 compare an examples of dehydration synthesis (condensation) ,
hydrolysis
 the 3 classes of carbohydrates and characteristics and examples of each,
the monomer for carbohydrates
 the characteristics of lipids, types of lipids, the monomer for lipids
Biology HB
Study Guide Semester I 2015 Sister Ruth
 the characteristics of proteins, monomer of proteins, examples of
proteins, dipeptide bonding (to make an amino acid chain)
 characteristics of nucleic acids, (DNA and RNA), monomer of a
nucleic acid
 structural and empirical formulas
 amino acid chain - know how to join two amino acids; identify an amino
group and a carboxyl group of an amino acid
Study all terms for chapter 3
Know the Chart of organic compounds
Chapter 4 Structure and Function of the Cell
 the cell theory
 the characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and examples of
each
 the structure of the cell membrane (color plate cell membrane)
 the location, function and description and be able to identify diagrams of
all organelles of plant and animal cells (know the cell chart)
 contributions of Robert Hooke and Anton vanLeuwenhoek, Schwann
 relationship between cell volume, surface area and growth
 compare the structure of plant and animal cells
 unicellular, colonial and multicellular organisms and relationship to
division of labor, interdependence and specialization
Study all terms for chapter 4
Diagrams: animal cell and cell membrane (Fluid Mosaic Model color
plates) Plant Cell
Biology HB
Study Guide Semester I 2015 Sister Ruth
Chapter 5 Homeostasis and Cell Transport
 diffusion and osmosis, factors affecting rates
 passive and active transport and examples
 hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions and their effect on animal
o and plant cells, examples of each of these situations
 endocytosis, phagocytosis
 ionic channels
 sodium potassium pump
Study all terms for chapter 5
Diagrams of hypertonic, isotonic, hypotonic situations, phagocytosis,
endocytosis
Study chapter 5 review
Chapter 8 Mitosis and Meiosis
 Difference between Sexual and asexual reproduction
 Examples of asexual reproduction
 stages of mitosis: what happens, what each one looks like, names of
each phase; identify stages in diagrams
 cell cycle checkpoints
 purpose of meiosis, steps of meiosis, types of cells that undergo
meiosis
 comparison between mitosis in plant and animal cells
 differences between meiosis and mitosis
 what diploid (2n) and haploid (1n) mean; how two determine diploid
number of haploid number if given one or the other
Study all terms for chapter 8
Study diagrams of stages of mitosis and meiosis; meiosis model
Study chapter 8 review
Biology HB
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Study Guide Semester I 2015 Sister Ruth
Chapter 10 Nulceic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Watson, Crick, Franklin – who they were
structure of the DNA molecule, nucleotides, codons
how amino acids are coded
the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis
type bases of the DNA molecules and which bond with which
the replication process of DNA
RNA: structure, types, how compares to DNA
two main steps of protein synthesis: transcription and translation
o where in the cell these occur and what happens in each main
step; how do transcription and translation from a segment of
DNA if given a strand of DNA- how to replicate it; how to
convert to mRNA
examples of proteins and their functions
Study all terms for chapter 10
Study diagram of DNA structure
Study chapter 8 review
Exam Reference Card Requirements:
Next Page
Biology HB
Study Guide Semester I 2015 Sister Ruth
Exam Reference Card
You may create an index card to be used for reference during the Biology
exam. It will be checked at the start of the exam to be sure it meets the
criteria listed below. If the card does not meet all the criteria listed below, it
will be collected and you will not be allowed to use it for reference during
the exam. It will be turned in along with your exam. Making the reference
card is optional but highly recommended.
Criteria:
1. Size: 4 x 6 index card
2. You can use one side only
3. It must be hand written by you in blue ink. Mechanically produced
or cut and paste items (text, diagrams or charts) may not be included.
4. Your last name must be written on the unused side of the card.
Note: The index card is not a substitute for studying for the exam. It is a
tool that you may make as you study, perhaps with key words or prompts to
help you remember ideas or details to help you think through questions on
the exam. Often the experience of making the card helps with preparation for
the exam such that many students don’t even need the card while taking the
exam.