Art 134-World Art History II
Study Guide Chapter 25-Positivism
Pictures/Slides from Text
1.
2.
3.
4.
25.2, Gustave Courbet, The Stone Breakers, 1849, Destroyed
25.3, Jean-Francois Millet, The Sower, 1850, Boston, MA, USA
25.6, Rosa Bonher, Plowing in the Nivernais, 1849, Paris, FR
25.7, Adolphe-William Bouguereau, Nymphs and Satyr, 1873,
Williamstown, MA, USA
5. 25.10, Edouard Manet, The Luncheon on the Grass, 1863, Paris,
FR
6. 25.12, Edgar Degas, The Orchestra of the Paris Opera, 1868-69,
Paris, FR
7. 25.14, Claude MonetOn the Bank of the Seine, Bennecourt, 1868,
Chicago, IL, USA
8. 25.17, Auguste Renoir, Luncheon of the Boating Party, 1881,
Washington DC
9. 25.27, James Abbot McNeill Whistler, Symphony in White POII,
1864, London, UK
10.
25.29, Thomas Eakins, Max Schmitt in a Single Skull, 1871,
New York, USA
11.
25.31, Winslow Homer, Snap the Whip, 1872, Youngstown
OH, USA
12.
25.42, Gustave Eiffel, Eiffel Tower, 1887-89, Paris, FR
Facts/Information from Text
13.
The epitome of Positivism, is the rise of Photography in the
1840’s which most people saw as a tool for documenting the
rapidly changing world.
14.
Unlike Romanticism, which valued the exotic and sublime,
Realists, bluntly depicted modern life, generally without emotion.
15.
The Impressionist’s painted rapidly, outdoors, empirically
capturing the world, before their very eyes.
16.
The Impressionist’s bright colors and broad-visible brush
work, challenged the paintings representational components as the
subject and brought about the term “Modernism.”
17.
The most famous French academic painter of the period was
Adolphe-William Bouguereau, (1824-1905).
18.
The Realist painting which created a scandal in the 1863,
“Salon of the Refused” was, Edouard Manet’s, “Luncheon on the
Grass.”
19.
A new fascination with all things Japanese, especially prints,
is thought to have influenced many of the earliest modern artists.
20.
The undisputed leader in developing Impressionism was
Claude Monet, (1840-1926).
21.
The art of painting on location, generally outdoors,
popularized by the Impressionist’s is referred to today as “pleinair” painting.
22.
Chapter 25 covers two women Impressionist painters,
namely, Berthe Morisot and Mary Cassatt.
23.
In 1839, photography was commercially introduced almost
simultaneously in France and England.
24.
Ushered in with the industrial revolution, iron, was a new
building material that would set the stage for the future of modern
Architecture.
25.
The most famous iron structure from this period is the Eiffel
Tower erected by the French engineer, Gustave Eiffel in 1887-89.