A.P. United States Government and Politics Review Terms
Unit 1 – Philosophical Origins of Constitutional Government
Constitutionalism
Despotism
Monarchy
Constitutional Monarchy
Republic
Democracy
Direct Democracy
Classical Liberalism
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Baron de Montesquieu
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Social Contract
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Adam Smith
Public Goods and Market Failures
Declaration of Independence
Federalism
Dual Federalism
Articles of Confederation
The Federalist Papers
Federalist #10
Federalist #51
James Madison
Virginia Plan
Alexander Hamilton
Enumerated Powers
Necessary and Proper Clause
Writ of Habeas Corpus
Ex Post Facto Law
Bill of Rights
Eminent Domain
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
Edmund Burke
Thomas Paine
Political Culture
Political Socialization
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Unit 2 – Legislative Branch and Interest Groups
Bi-CameralCongress
Senate
Constitutional Requirements
Unique Constitutional Powers
President of the Senate
President Pro-Tempore
17th Amendment
Senatorial Courtesy
Informal Rules
Rule of 60
Filibuster-Rule 22
House of Representatives
Constitutional Requirements
Unique Constitutional Powers
Speaker
Rules Committee
Ways and Means Committee
Mal-Apportionment
Baker v. Carr
Shaw v. Reno
Henry Clay
Discharge Petition
Legislative Process
Cloture
“Fast Track”
Standing Committees
Select Committees
Joint Committees
Conference Committees
Party Caucus
Majority Leader
Majority Whip
Minority Leader
Minority Whip
Special Interest Caucus
Seniority
Congressional Budget Office
Budgetary Process
Authorization
Appropriations
Legislative Process
Legislative Hearings
Enumerated Powers
“Commerce Clause”
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“Spending Powers Clause”
Block Grants
Categorical Grants
Devolution
“Necessary and Proper” Clause
Logrolling
Riders
Pork Barreling and Earmarking
Christmas Tree
Omnibus Bills
Presidential Veto
Line-Item Veto
Pocket Veto
Entrepreneurial Policy
Ralph Nader
Edmund Muskie
Al Gore
Clean Air Act
Interest Group Policy
Americans with Disabilities Act
Civil Rights Act
Majoritarian Policy
Social Security Act
No Child Left Behind Act / NCLB / ESEA
Patriot Act
Welfare Reform Act of 1996
“Means-Tested” Programs
Client-Based Policy
Wagner Act
Taft-Hartley Act
Joint Resolution
Interest Groups
Lobbyists
Public Interest Groups
Single-Issue Interest Groups
Broad-Based Interest Groups
National Rifle Association
National Education Association
AARP
Sierra Club
NAACP
NOW
Access Points
Congressional Oversight
Service Functions of Congress
Deliberative
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Field Hearings
Representative
Casework
Supervisory
“Iron Triangle”
Issue Networks
Divided Government
Unit 3 – Judicial Branch and Federalism
Supreme Court
Inferior Courts
Courts of Appeals
District Courts
State Courts
Military Courts
Tribal Courts
Original Jurisdiction
Appellate Jurisdiction
Writ of Certiorari
Stare Decisis
Judicial Review
Jeffersonian v. Federalist Views
10th Amendment and States’ Rights
Marbury v. Madison
Theories of Judicial Review
Judicial Restraint
Framers’ Intent
Strict Constructionism
Judicial Activism
Conventional Morality
Absolute, Inalienable Rights
Marshall Court
Flethcer v. Peck
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
McCulloch v. Marlyand
Gibbons v. Ogden
Affectation Doctrine
Interstate Commerce
Supremacy Clause
Barron v. Baltimore
Worcester v. Georgia
Federal Regulatory Power
United States v. E.C. Knight
Shreveport Rate Case
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CBQ Rate Case
Hammer v. Dagenhart
Schehcter Poultry v. United States
U.S. v. Butler
NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin
U.S. v. Darby
Impact of the New Deal
Roosevelt’s “Court Packing Scheme”
Wickard v. Filburn
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S.
Katzenbach v. McClung
U.S. v. Lopez
Civil Rights Act of 1964
“Close and Substantial” Relationship
Rational Basis Test
Unit 4 – Judicial Branch and Civil Liberties
Due Process
Procedural
Substantive
Fundamental Rights
Economic Due Process
Right/Liberty of Contract
Munn v. Illinois
Lochner v. New York
Muller v. Oregon
Amicus Curae Brief
Weaver v. Palmer Brothers
Adkins v. Children’s Hospital
Nebbia v. New York
West Coast Hotel v. Parish
U.S. v. Carolene Products
Harlan Fiske Stone’s Footnote
Discrete and Insular Minorities
Dred Scott Case
14th Amendment
Doctrine of Incorporation
Selective Incorporation
“Equal Protection”
Suspect Classifications
Quasi-Suspect Classifications
Slaughterhouse Cases
Jim Crow Laws
Plessy v. Ferguson
Brown v. Board of Education
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Desegregation
Brown II
Bolling v. Sharpe
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg
Frontiero v. Richardson
Craig v. Boren
Title IX
Affirmative Action
Right of Privacy
Meyer v. Nebraska
Griswold v. Connecticut
Roe v. Wade
Nationalization of the Bill of Rights
Gitlow v. New York
Gideon v. Wainwright
Miranda v. Arizona
Near v. Minnesota
DeJonge v. Oregon
Cantwell v. Connecticut
Everson v. Board of Education
Everson Rules
Mapp v. Ohio
Content Regulations of Speech
Content Neutral, Time, Place, and Manner Regulations
Schenck v. United States
Clear and Present Danger Test
Oliver Wendell Holmes
Hand Advocacy Test
Brandenburg v. Ohio
Fighting Words Doctrine
Miller Test
Lemon v. Kurtzman
Lemon Test
N.Y. Times v. Sullivan
Libel and Slander
Defamatory Speech
Prior Restraint
Overbroad Statutes
Freedom of Expression
Penumbras
Engle v. Vitale
West Virginia v. Barnett
Reynolds v. United States
Valid Secular Policy
Oregon v. Smith
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Unit 5 – Mock Election
Unit 6 – Elections, Campaigns, and Political Parties
John Stuart Mill
Liberty
Milgram Experiments
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Kohlberg’s Dilemmas
Nuremburg Trials
Robert Jackson
Erich Fromm, Escape from Freedom
Murray Edelman, The Political Spectacle
Condensation Symbols
Huey Long
Political Party
Party Chair
DNC and RNC
Party Structure
“Third Parties”
Electoral College
Elector
12th Amendment
Martin Van Buren
National Conventions
Delegate
Bonus Delegates
Superdelegates
Delegate Selection
Primary
Caucus
Post-1968 Reforms
Front-Loading
Two-Party System
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
Whigs and Democrats
Democrats and Republicans
Re-Alignment Elections
1932 Election
“New Deal” Coalition
1968 Election
De-Alignment
1980 Election
“Reagan Revolution”
New Federalism
1992 Election
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“Perot Factor”
2000 Election
“Nader Effect”
Gore v. Bush
2008 Election
15th Amendment
19th Amendment
24th Amendment
26th Amendment
Voter Efficacy
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Motor-Voter Act
Cross-Cutting Pressures / Issues
Wedge Issues
Slippery-Slope Issues
Gerrymandering
McGovern-Fraser Reforms
Superdelegates
“Super Tuesday”
Primary
Direct Primary
Closed Primary
Cross-Over Primary
Open Primary
Blanket Primary
Presidential Preference Primary
Caucus
Cousins v. Wigoda
FECA
Buckley v. Valeo
Political Action Committees
Independent Campaign Organizations
Bi-Partisan Campaign Reform Act
527 Organizations
“Hard Money”
“Soft Money”
“Dark Money”
Campaigning
“Sound Bites”
Candidate-Focused Campaigns
Campaign Consultants
1994 Congressional Elections
“Contract with America”
2006 Congressional Elections
Citizens United Case
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Unit 7 – Executive Branch and the Media
President
Chief Executive
Commander-in-Chief
Constitutional Requirements
Impeachment
Formal Powers
Informal Powers
Public Opinion Polls
“Bully Pulpit”
United States v. Curtiss-Wright Corporation
Youngstown Sheet and Tube v. Sawyer
Presidential Succession
1792 Law
1886 Law
1947 Law
25th Amendment
nd
22 Amendment
Vice President
“Balance the Ticket”
“Coattail Effect”
First Lady
Bureaucracy
Pendleton Act
Civil Service
Cabinet
Cabinet Officials
Cabinet Departments
Department of State
Department of Treasury
Department of Justice
Department of Interior
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Department of Labor
Department of Defense
Department of Health and Human Services
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of Transportation
Department of Energy
Department of Education
Department of Veterans Affairs
Department of Homeland Security
White House Office
Pyramid
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Circular
Ad Hoc
Office of Management and Budget
Executive Office of the President
“Triangulation”
Federal Reserve Board
Environmental Protection Agency
Internal Revenue Service
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Administrative Regulations
“Captured Agencies”
National Security Act of 1947
National Security Council
National Security Advisor
National Security Agency
Central Intelligence Agency
Covert Operations
NSDD
Watergate
Woodward and Bernstein
4th Branch / 4th Estate
“Attack Journalism” and “Horse Race Journalism”
Budget and Impoundment Control Act
Independent Counsel Act
War Powers Act
Iran-Contra Scandal
Woodrow Wilson’s Theory for Presidential Success
James Barber, The Presidential Character
Character Matrix
Philosophies of the Presidency
Constitutionalist
Stewardship
Prerogative
Arthur Schlesinger’s The Imperial Presidency
“Revolutionary Presidency”
Role of Crisis
Clinton’s Impeachment
Issues for Short Answer Essay Questions
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3.
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5.
6.
Application of the Separation of Powers / Checks and Balances Doctrines.
Application of Federalism
Understanding of the interaction of interest groups with policy-makers.
Application of major court cases to individual liberties and policy-making.
Understanding of the electoral and policy-making processes.
Understanding existing major laws, constitutionality, and the types of policy.
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