The Federalists in Power and the Emergence of a Two-Party System
Answers #55-#81
55. What major appointment did
President Adams make shortly
before he left office?
56. For how long did John Marshall
preside over the Supreme Court?
57. How did the Supreme Court
decisions under Marshall’s
leadership strengthen the federal
courts?
58. How did the Supreme Court rule in
the case of Marbury v. Madison?
59. What precedent did Marbury v.
Madison set for the federal courts?
60. What is a precedent?
61. Define judicial review.
62. What example did the Marbury v.
Madison decision set for future
Supreme Court rulings?
63. Why is the right of judicial review
so important to the Supreme Court?
64. How did the Marshall Court’s
decision in McCulloch v. Maryland
strengthen the federal government’s
power over the states?
65. What were the facts of the case in
McCulloch v. Maryland?
55. appointed John Marshall, a Federalist
from Virginia, as Chief Justice of the
United States Supreme Court
56. three decades (30 years)
57. established the power of the federal
courts as an independent and equal branch
of the United States government
58. declared a federal law unconstitutional
59. for the federal courts to exercise
judicial review
60. an example for future action
61. the power to declare laws
unconstitutional
62. set the example that the Supreme Court
could declare other federal laws
unconstitutional
63. gives the Supreme Court its main check
on the power of the legislative branch
(Congress)
64. It set forth the doctrine of implied
powers.
65. 1) Congress chartered (created) the
Second Bank of the United States (BUS).
2) Maryland passed a law to tax the
Baltimore branch of the BUS. 3) The
Baltimore bank refused to pay this tax.
66. What two legal questions did the
66. 1) Did Congress have the authority to
McCulloch case present?
establish the BUS? 2) Did the Maryland
law unconstitutionally interfere with
congressional powers?
67. What two points did the Supreme
67. 1) Congress had the power to
Court make in its unanimous
incorporate (create) the BUS. 2) Maryland
decision in McCulloch v.
could not tax agencies of the national
Maryland?
government, which carried out
constitutional powers.
68. What did Chief Justice Marshall say 68. Congress possessed implied powers
about implied powers in the
that the Constitution did not specifically
McCulloch Decision?
mention.
69. What laws did Chief Justice
Marshall declare to be supreme in
the McCulloch Decision?
70. How did the Marshall Court rule on
the Maryland state law that levied
(placed) taxes on the Baltimore
branch of the Second Bank of the
United States?
71. Who believed it was very important
for the federal government to be
more powerful than the state
governments?
72. Who wrote, “The power to tax is
the power to destroy”?
73. By declaring a state law
unconstitutional, what power held
by the federal courts did the
McCulloch Decision strengthen?
74. What view did John Marshall set
forth in the Supreme Court’s 1824
decision in Gibbons v. Ogden?
75. What did the case of Gibbons v.
Ogden involve?
76. How did the Supreme Court rule in
the case of Gibbons v. Ogden?
77. What is interstate commerce?
78. What Chief Justice contributed
greatly to the Supreme Court’s
importance in relation to the other
branches of the national
government?
79. What doctrine did the Marshall
Court use to settle disagreements
between different branches of the
national government?
80. What doctrine did the Marshall
Court use to settle disagreements
between the federal government and
the states?
81. In what case did the Marshall Court
provide the foundation block for the
Supreme Court to settle
disagreements between competing
business interests?
69. The Constitution and federal laws are
supreme; they override state constitutions
and state laws.
70. The Maryland state law that taxed the
BUS was unconstitutional.
71. Chief Justice John Marshall
72. John Marshall
73. the power of judicial review
74. a broadly national view of economic
affairs
75. the state of New York’s regulations for
steamboats, which did business between
New York and New Jersey
76. that the federal government had
complete control over interstate commerce
77. trade between states
78. John Marshall
79. the doctrine of judicial review
(Marbury v. Madison)
80. the doctrine of implied powers
(McCulloch v. Maryland)
81. Gibbons v. Ogden