EuroMidtermReview
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AP EURO FIRST SEMESTER REVIEW Intro: The test will be a combination of multiple choice questions and a choice of essays. The test will cover material from The Renaissance through, and including, the Congress of Vienna. The test will be divided into the following eight categories with relatively equal treatment given to each: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) The Rise of Europe Upheavals in Christendom Economic Renewal and Wars of Religion Rise of Britain, France, and the Netherlands (Absolutism v. Constitutionalism) Eastern Europe’s Transformation The struggle for Wealth and Empire (Society and Politics of the 18 th Century) Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment The French Revolution and Napoleonic Europe Note: we have not covered everything on this list, but you are still responsible for it A study hint: The following five themes would be helpful in trying to categorize the ton of material we have covered this year: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) The rise and decline of great powers: (religion, idea of state, war and diplomacy, nationalism, economic systems) Equality v. Liberty: (impact of new ideologies, attempt to solve problems by reform and revolution) Social structure: (transition from orders and estates to class, kings v. nobles v. middle class v. peasants) History of the Family: social history (disease, education, men, women, children, workforce, etc.) Culture: (music, literature, science, technology (inventions), philosophy, visual arts) Last Warning: Both the essays and the multiple choice will challenge your abilities to not only recall the content, but ANALYZE it as well. The bottom line: we have covered a tremendous amount of material and if you don’t study, it will be clearly evident. The Rise of Europe (this section will NOT be covered on multiple choice but may be helpful for essays) St. Augustine Byzantine Empire Great Schism of East and West Magna Carta Holy Roman Empire Aristotle Thomas Aquinas Key Questions: Analyze the church as the strongest institution and the organizing force of medieval Europe For what reasons does a feudal society emerge throughout Europe during the middle ages Christian Upheaval Black Death John Wycliffe Unam Sanctum Medici Humanism Ren. Sculpture Copernicus Protestant Indulgences Anabaptists “Predestination” Act of Supremacy St. Ignatious Loyola Conciliar Movement Marranos Machiavelli Henry VII Maximillian I Tudors Feudal contract Hundred Years War John Huss Babylonian Captivity of Church virtu Ren. Architecture scholastics Thomas a Kempis Martin Luther 95 theses Peace of Augsburg John Calvin Vulgate Prohibited books Council of Trent Morriscos Dante Alighieri Louis XI Charles V Star Chamber manorialism Boniface VIII Great Schism of West Florence condottiere Ren. Art Christian Humanism Brothers of the Common Life justification by faith transubstantiation Institutes of Christian Religion Anglican Church Jesuits Spanish inquisition English reformation Thomas More Petrarch Ferdinand and Isabella Wars of the Roses printing press Key Questions: What factors help to account for the flourishing of the arts during the Renaissance time period? How did the arts help to alter the vision of the world for the people of the 15 th and 16th centuries? Why does the Renaissance begin in Italy? How does the Ren. Manifest itself in Italy culturally, socially, economically, and politically? How did the Italian and Northern Renaissance differ? What are the tensions and strains within the Catholic Church of the 15 th and 16th centuries? How do they lead to the Reformation? What are the basic political and theological issues of the Reformation? What is the social and political impact of Luther’s ideas? Why do his ideas find fertile ground in Northern Europe? How does the Reformation manifest itself in England? What makes it unique? What impact do the decisions made at the Council of Trent have? Economic Renewal and Wars of religion Gustavus Adolphus Commercial Revolution Hapsburgs Mercantilism Henry IV Cardinal Richelieu Spanish empire Thirty Years War Da Gama conquistadors Portugal compass “Price revolution” guild bourgeois robot Austrian and Spanish Hapsburgs Council of troubles Sir Francis Drake Catherine de Medici Politiques St. Bart’s Day massacre Parlements Estates-General Peace of Augsburg Ferdinand II “defenestration of Prague” Edict of Restitution Fugger Family Philip II Spanish Armada Treaty of Westphalia Magellan astrolabe “usury” Junked Mary Queen of Scots “three Henrys” Edict of Nantes Holy Roman Empire Frederick V Wallenstein Key Questions How does the age of overseas exploration impact Europe politically, economically, and socially? What were the motives for exploration? How does overseas exploration help to foster the growth of a middle class? How is Western Europe able to withstand the inflationary pressures of the Commercial Revolution? How does mercantilism evolve? Why does a secular vision of politics emerge in the 15 th century? How do the Monarchs of Western Europe consolidate power in the 15 th and 16th centuries? Identify similarities and differences. In what ways do the Hundred Years War and the War of the Roses change European society? How does the religious strife of the Protestant Reformation and the Counter Reformation affect the political development of the 16th century Europe? What are the political and religious implications of the Thirty Years War? Asses the Treaty of Westphalia and any future problems it created. Why are the Hapsburg’s important players on the European stage? Explain the rise to power of the French, Spanish and English monarch from the 14 th to the 17th century. Absolutism v. Constitutionalism Balance of Power English Civil War Lois XIV The Restoration Wars of Louis XIV Bank of Amsterdam Navigation Acts Presbyterian James VI of Scotland Long Parliament Bill of Rights Divine right of kings Tax farmers Grand Alliance of 1701 Jean Baptiste Colbert The Fronde Peace of Utrecht Revolution of 1688 Sun King House of Orange English-Dutch Wars Anglican Roundheads Whigs and Tories Act of Settlement of 1701 Versailles Duke of Marlborough asiento Oliver Cromwell Levellers Poor Laws United Kingdom of Great Britain Charles II of Spain William III Puritan the Rump Dissenters William and Mary Cardinal Mazarin intendents Philip V of Spain Test Act Key questions: How and why do England and France follow different governmental paths? What factors contribute to the increasing power of the parliament in England? How does England develop an overseas empire so quickly? At whose expense? Describe the class structure of 18th century France and the problems it caused. Eastern Europe Hohenzollerns Charles XII Golden Bull of 1356 Holy Roman Empire Peter the Great Stephen Razin Szlachta Frederick I Silesia Michael Romanov Magyars Extraterritorial Privileges Guelph Family Old Believers Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 Romanov Family Time of Troubles Frederick William I Frederick II St. Petersburg Charles VI Frederick William Hapsburgs Partition of Poland Prince Eugene of Savoy John Sobieski Brandenburg-Prussia canton system Ivan the Terrible War of Polish Succession Key Questions: How does Eastern Europe compare to Western Europe? Why do differences emerge? What nations emerge as powers in Eastern Europe? What threat does the Rise of Prussia pose to the European idea of a balance of power? Struggle for Wealth and Empire “Carnival” Duke of Orleans George I Frederick II Maria Theresa Pragmatic Sanction Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 East India Companies Whigs Tories Robert Walpole Peter III William Pitt treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle War of Austrian Succession putting out system Cardinal Fleury War of Jenkins’ Ear French and Indian Wars treaty of Paris of 1763 Seven Years War Key Questions What was the cause and impact of the Seven Years War? Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Deductive v. inductive Discourse on Method Brahe Newton Hobbes Salons Francis Bacon Natural Rights Spinoza Diderot Wollstonecraft Physiocrats Corvee Pugachev Rebellion Tory Act of Union of 1801 English parliament in 1700’s Louis XV cogito ergo sum William Harvey Kepler heliocentric Leviathon John Wesley Natural Law Newton Condorcet Social Contract Wealth of Nations Maria Theresa Joseph II Catherine the Great Edmund Burke American revolution Enlightened Despotism Montesquieu Montaigne Copernicus Galileo Locke Philosophes Freemasonry Descartes Skepticism Gibbon Leviathon Adam Smith Turgot Leopold II Atlantic revolution (England) John Wilkes Voltaire George III Key Questions: How do the ideas of the scientific revolutions and the enlightenment challenge existing political, economic and social beliefs? Who were the major contributors to these movements and what were their major works? French Revolution and Napoleon Bastille Civil Constitution of the Clergy Committee of Public Safety Concordat of 1801 Great Fear Louis XIV National Convention The Rights of Women Thermidorian Reaction March on Versailles Brunswick Manifesto The Terror Dechristianization Treaty of Campo Formio Napoleon Talleyrand Trafalgar Pensinsular War Continental System Hundred Days Conspiracy of Equals Declaration of Pillnitz Directory Financial Crisis Hebertists Napoleonic Code Tennis Court Oath Robespierre taille assignats September Massacres Vendee Cult of Supreme Being Coalitions prefect “careers open to talent” Austerlitz Grand Empire Borodino Alexander I Constitution of 1791 Dec of Rights of Man and Citizen three Estates Girondins Jacobins National Assembly the Old Regime Sans-culottes Sieyes Olympe de Gouges William Pitt levee en masse “Louis XIII” plebiscite Fouche Bank of France Confederation of the Rhine Pius VII Waterloo Congress of Vienna Key Questions: Enjoy! What were the causes, events and impact of the French Revolution? Evaluate the success of the revolution? How does Napoleon come to power? What impact does his empire have upon Europe? Was Napoleon enlightened? What are the legacies of the French Revolution and Napoleon? What were the conditions of the Congress of Vienna and what was its major significance?
