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CHAPTER 12 NOTES: MENTAL DISORDERS – Page 462
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association
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1.5 million hospitalized; additional 4-5 million seek help
Depictions of mental disorders are often inaccurate
Statistically, mental patients are less violent than those in the “normal” population
What constitutes abnormal behavior?
1. Person suffers from discomfort more or less continuously. (Shows up as extreme anxiety, endless worry, or long periods of depression;
feels something is wrong w/ his/her life more than the average person does)
2. Person is behaving in a bizarre fashion. (Misinterprets what is going on or what others are doing/saying; afraid to go to work or
school; frequently comes completely apart over minor things or sinks into a depression about them)
3. Person is very inefficient and is therefore unable to perform their life roles properly.
Characteristics of Abnormal Behavior:
1. Inflexible in their responses to almost everything (Ex: Shy, withdrawn man goes to a party and a few people are nice to him; instead,
he thinks they only “feel sorry” for him)
2. Constantly see a threatening environment (Ex: See danger, rejection, and failure around every corner)
Disorder
Subsets
-Hyperactivity
First diagnosed in
-Autism
infancy,
childhood, or
adolescence
-Delirium
Cognitive
-Dementia
Disorders
-Amnesiac
-Alcoholism
SubstanceRelated Disorders -Chemical abuse
-Schizophrenia
Description
Childhood fears, conduct disorders, frequent bed-wetting
or soiling, and other problems in normal social and
behavioral development
Impairment in social, behavioral, and language
development
Problems created by deterioration of brain because of
aging, disease, drugs, etc
Problems appear to think straight or as loss of memory and
other intellectual functions
Problems caused by dependence or abuse of a variety of
chemical substances including alcohol, heroin, cocaine, etc
-Most serious mental disturbance; schizophrenia affects
Comments/Connections/Questions (CCQ)
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PSYCHOTIC
DISORDERS
(Thought
disorder,
hallucinations,
delusions,
inappropriate
emotional
responses)
-Catatonic
Schizophrenia
-Disturbances of movement; does not speak or says little;
appears to be in a stupor; may rigidly hold strange posture
and may not move for hours
-Paranoid
Schizophrenia
MOOD
DISORDERS
(deal with one’s
emotional state)
about 1% of the population; often arises in late adolescence
or early adulthood; word salad (incoherence) and clang
associations (rhymes); cycles of lucidity and psychosis;
heredity does not seem to be the key factor (90% of
patients do not have members in their immediate family
who suffer from it); environment may contribute to the
development for those who have a predisposition; linked to
high levels of dopamine
-Strong feelings of persecution or suspiciousness;
delusions
-Undifferentiated
Schizophrenia
-Lacks distinguishing symptoms
-Dysthymic
Disorder
Distrubances of the mood, especially depression,
overexcitement or alternating episodes of each extreme
-Major Depression
-Mania
-Bipolar Disorders
(Manic Depression
or Manic
Depressive
Psychosis)
-Panic Disorder
ANXIETY
DISORDERS
(most common)
-Phobic Disorders
Phobias, panic attacks, feelings of dread, rituals of
thoughts and action aimed at controlling anxiety
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-ObsessiveCompulsive
Disorder
-Conversion
SOMATOFORM Disorders
DISORDERS
(expressed in
bodily symptoms)
-Hypochondriasis
Factitious
Disorders
-Amnesia
DISSOCIATIVE
DISORDERS
(disconnects or
disassociates
certain
events/behaviors
from one
another; very
rare)
Sexual and
Gender Disorders
-Fugue
-Dissociative
Identity Disorder
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Eating Disorders
Sleep Disorders
Impulse Control
Disorders
Adjustment
Disorders
PERSONALITY
DISORDERS
(Personalities are
“off-center”)
-Antisocial
Personality
(Psychopaths and
Sociopaths)
-Borderline
Personality
-Lack of conscience; often in conflict w/ the law and show
little or no concern, guilt, or anxiety; sometimes have a
family history of neglect and rough treatment
-Created in 1980; characterized by intense and unstable
relationships w/ others; very dependent; self-destructive
behavior to manipulate others; suspicious and therefore
difficult to treat