Name
Kevin Anderson
Date 10/4/11
Chapter 4
Reading Organizer
After completion of this chapter, you should be able to:
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Explain “what is the internet?” and how we connect to the internet using an Internet Service
Provider (ISP).
Explain how information is sent across the Internet through an ISP.
Describe and identify the components of an ISP Network Operation Center.
Identify the different types of cables and connectors for connecting the devices in a Network
Operations Center.
Construct and terminate twisted pair cables and determine type of cable needed.
4.1
1. In simple terms what is the internet?
The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks, cooperating with each other to
exchange information using common standards.
2. According to Cisco what two things are essential to gaining access to the internet?
a. Internet Service Provider (ISP)
b. A host computer/device
3. Explain in detail what a Point of Presence or (POP) is.
A POP is the connection point between the ISP's network and the particular geographical region
that the POP is servicing.
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4. Explain what an internet backbone is and what it does.
The Internet is made up of very high-speed data links that interconnect ISP POPs and ISPs to each
other. These interconnections are part of the very large, high capacity network known as the Internet
Backbone.
5. Explain what services an integrated router or integrated services router (ISR) provides?
It provides multiple users with a connection to the ISP in a single package. It can also provide wireless
capailities.
6. Most ISPs offer two different contract levels: home service and business class service. Explain the
characteristics of each.
a. Home Service:
less expensive than business services, generally provides scaled-down services such as slower
connection speed, reduced web space storage, and fewer email accounts
b. Business Class Service:
more expensive but provides faster connection speeds and additional web space and email
accounts.
Service Level Agreements
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7. List and explain the characteristics of asymmetric and symmetric data transfer.
a. Asymmetric:
Most commonly used for the home.
Download speeds are faster than upload speeds.
Necessary for users that download significantly more than upload.
Most Internet users, especially those who use graphics or multimedia intensive web data, need
lots of download bandwidth.
b. Symmetric:
Most commonly used for business or individuals hosting servers on the Internet.
Used when necessary to upload large amounts of traffic such as intensive graphics, multimedia,
or video.
It can carry large amounts of data in both directions at equal rates.
X
X
X
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4.2
9. Explain in detail what the Ping utility does.
It tests end-to-end connectivity between source and destination, measures the time that it takes test
packets to make a round trip from the source to the destination and whether the transmission is
successful.
10. Explain in detail what the Traceroute utility does.
It traces the route from source to destination, which the ping utility can not do.
Complete Packet Tracer Activity 4.2.3
Complete Lab Activity 4.2.3
4.3
11. Devices that provide connectivity to end-users must match the technology used by the end-user to
connect to the ISP.
a. What type of device would be required for an end user using DSL technology?
A DSL Access Multiplexer would be required.
b. What type of device would be required for an end user connecting through cable?
A Cable Modem Termination System would be required.
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12. What are the advantages of an integrated router or integrated service router (ISR) for home use?
An integrated service router can perform functions such as being a wireless LAN access point,
switching, routing, creating firewalls and various address function
13.
Draw a line between the correct device and the matching requirement.
14. What are three physical and environmental factors which must be considered when setting up a
home or small business network?
Heat and humidity controls along with an air conditioning system will be needed to support the
environment of the equipment.
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4.4
15. Explain what networking media is.
Networking media generally consists of cables through which data can be sent.
16. Explain the following types of network cabling.
Twisted Pair – Used in modern Ethernet technology
The most commonly used cable in networking
Consists of pairs of wires twisted together to reduce interference.
Coaxial Cable – One of the earliest networking cables
Copper cable used by TV companies
Single rigid copper core that conducts the signal
Used as a high high-frequency transmission line to carry high frequency or broadband signals
Fiber Optic Glass or plastic
very high bandwidth, which enables them to carry very large amounts of data
Fiber is used in backbone networks, large enterprise environments and large data centers
also used extensively by telephone companies
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17. List and explain two types of interference commonly found with twisted pair cables.
a. Crosstalk - occurs when cables are bundled together for long lengths. signal from one cable
can leak out and enter adjacent cables
b. Electromagnetic interference - interference or noise, which can reduce the data rate that a
cable can provide
18. Three types of twisted pair cabling are?
a. Unshielded twisted pair,
b. Shielded twisted pair,
c. Screened twisted pair
19. Explain what the following cables are used for, and common data speeds they can handle.
Category 3 –
for voice communications and is therefore used most often for phone lines
Category 5 and 5e –
Used for data transmission with rates of transfer ranging from 100 Mbps to 1000 Mbps.
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Category 6 –
Used for data transmission with rates of transfer ranging from 1000 Mbps to 1Gbps.
20. What terminator is commonly used with all UTP cabling?
An RJ-45 terminator is most commonly used
21. Why is UTP cable more commonly used than coaxial cable in local networks?
Coaxial cables are harder to troubleshoot, harder to install, and are more expensive compared to UTP
cables.
22. Why is fiber optic cable preferred for use in areas where electricity or electrical components is an
issue?
Fiber optic cables do not need electricity and are thus immune to interference, making them ideal for
larger data centers.
23. Label the parts of a fiber optic cable.
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Jacket
1. Jacket
2. Strengthening Material
3. Buffer
4. Cladding
5. Glass Core
24. Explain in detail the two types of fiber optic cabling.
Multimode – This cable uses a single beam of light from a high powered laser. There is little
interference involved, but this cable is more expensive compared to multimode cables
Single Mode – This cable uses a single beam of light from a high powered laser. There is little
interference involved, but this cable is more expensive compared to multimode cables
25.
Activity
Decide if fiber is the best solution to a cabling requirement. Put a check mark in the correct choice.
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4.5
26. Why is it important to follow cabling standards, which have been developed by different
organizations?
27. Fully explain what cabling standards are and what they specify.
28. What is the difference between T568A and T568B pinouts.
29. What type of cable is needed for “like devices”?
30. What type of cable is needed for “unlike devices”?
31. Identify if a crossover or straight through cable is necessary to connect the devices listed below.
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Computer to Computer
Switch to Computer
Router to Computer
Router to Router
Hub to Switch
Switch to Router
Hub to Computer
Hub to Hub
Complete Lab Activity 4.5.3
32. Explain in detail the characteristics of a patch panel.
33. Why is untwisting more cable than necessary to be avoided when terminating a female RJ-45
connector?
Complete Lab Activity 4.5.4
34. Explain the difference between a cable tester and a cable certifier.
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35. Explain in detail the following faults.
Short –
Open –
Split Pair –
Reversed-Pair -
36. Identify the wire faults.
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37. Explain attenuation in detail.
38. Explain the term near-end crosstalk (NEXT).
39. Explain the term far-end crosstalk (FEXT).
40. What is the cause and recommended solution to removing cross talk issues from a cable?
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Complete Lab Activity 4.5.5
41. Explain the six recommended steps, called best practices, to ensure that cable termination is
successful.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
42. What two purposes does cable management serve?
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a.
b.
43.
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