EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian
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NỘI DUNG VÀ BÀI TẬP THAM KHẢO ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 12 CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI Trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít. /s/ Khi đi sau các phụ âm điếc (voiceless consonants): /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,//,/h/ Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books... / iz / //// z / Khi đi sau một phụ âm rít : /z/, /s/, /dz/, / t∫/, / ∫ /, /z/. Hoặc các chữ cái: s, x, z, ch, sh, ce, ge Ex: washes , kisses , oranges….. Không thuộc hai loại trên. Ex: bags , kids , days … Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ: - Chữ s đọc /z /sau các từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison.. -Chữ s đọc /'∫/ sau các từ sugar,sure Exercise 1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days 2. A. asks B. breathes C. breaths D. hopes 3. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains 4. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites 5. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums 6. A. cats B. tapes C. rides D. cooks 7. A. walks B. begins C. helps D. cuts 8. A. shoots B. grounds C. concentrates D. forests 9. A. helps B. laughs C. cooks D. finds 10. A. hours B. fathers C. dreams D. thinks 11. A. beds B. doors C. plays D. students 12. A. arms B. suits C. chairs D. boards 13. A. boxes B. classes C. potatoes D. finishes 14. A. relieves B. invents C. buys D. deals 15. A. dreams B. heals C. kills D. tasks 16. A. resources B. stages C. preserves D. focuses 17. A. carriages B. whistles C. assures D. costumes 18. A. offers B. mounts C. pollens D. swords 19. A. miles B. words C. accidents D. names 20. A. sports B. households C. minds D. plays CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI Đây là hình thức Past tensen và Past participle: 1. “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : .Ex: wanted; decided 2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,/ hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch :.Ex: asked; stopped; laughed... 3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : .Ex: moved; played; raised Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked Exercise 1. A. worked B. stopped C. forced D. wanted 2. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. raised 3. A. confused B. faced C. cried D. defined 4. A. devoted B. suggested C. provided D. wished 5. A. catched B. crashed C. occupied D. coughed 6. A. agreed B. missed C. liked D. watched 7. A. measured B. pleased C. distinguished D. managed 8. A. wounded B. routed C. wasted D. risked 9. A. imprisoned B. pointed C. shouted D. surrounded 10. A. a.failed B. reached C. absored D. solved 11. A. invited B. attended C. celebrated D. díplayed 12. A removed B. washed C. hoped D. missed 13. A. looked B. laughed C. moved D.stepped 14. A. wanted B.parked C. stopped D.watched 15. A. laughed B. passed C. suggested D. placed 16. A.believed B. prepared C. involved D. liked 17. A.lifted B. lasted C. happened D. decided 18. A. collected B. changed C. formed D. viewed 19. A. walked B. entertained C. reached D. looked 20. A.admired B. looked C. missed D. hoped BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC : 1. A. heat B. scream C. meat D. dead 2. A. breakfast B. teacher C. east D. please 3. A. thrilling B. other C. through 4. A. idea B. going C. will D. trip 5. A. face B. place C. prepared D. days 6. A. Germany B. garden C. gate D. gas 7. A. scholarship B. Christ C. school D. chicken 8. A. house B. harm C. hour D. husband 9. A. hundred B. exhausted C. however D. heat 10. A. head B. ready C. mean D. weather 11. A. choir B. cheap C. child D. chair 12. A. charge B. child C. teacher D. champagne D. something 13. A. reason B. clear C. mean D. each 14. A. motion B. question C. mention D. fiction 15. A. gather B. good C. large D. again 16. A. change B. children C. machine D. church 17. A. write B. writer C. writing D. written 18. A. share B. rare C. are D. declare 19. A. apply B. university C. identity D. early 20. A. choice B. achieve C. each D. chemistry STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm 1/ Trọng âm thường ít rơi vào các tiền tố(prefix) và hậu tố (suffix) ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather. ... * Ngoại lệ: 'foresight , 'forecast , 'unkeep , 'upland , 'surname , 'subway .... Dưới đây là vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn của từ gốc V + ment: ag'ree(thoả thuận) =>ag'reement V + ance: re'sist( chống cự ) =>re'sistance (sự chống cự) V + er : em'ploy(thuê làm) => em'ployer( chủ lao động) V + or : in'vent ( phát minh) => in'ventor V + ar : beg (van xin) => 'beggar( người ăn xin) V + al : ap'prove( chấp thuận) => ap'proval V + y : de'liver( giao hàng)=> de'livery( sự giao hàng) V + age: pack( đóng gói ) => 'package( bưu kiện) V + ing : under'stand( hiểu) => under'standing adj + ness : 'bitter ( đắng)=> 'bitterness( nỗi cay đắng) 2/ Nhìn chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép hoặc dài, ít rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn như /∂/ hay /i/ EX:a'bandon , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather , pro'duct , for'get , de'sign , en'joy 3/ Một từ hai vần vừa là động từ vừa là danh từ thì Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2. Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1 EX: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record, refuse... * Ngoại lệ : 'promise (n), (v)... 4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước các hậu tố (suffixes) sau đây một vần : -ION, -IC, -IAL , -ICAL, -UAL, ITY, -IA, -LOGY, -IAN, -IOUS, -EOUS , -IENCE, -IENT, -GRAPHY , -NOMY , -METRY EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience, im'patience, edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria, 'Asia, ge'ography, pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical, po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics, scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy... Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television... 5) Trọng âm rơi vào các vần cuối sau đây: -ADE, -OO, -OON, -EE, -EEN, -EER, -ESE, -AIRE, -SELF, ETTE, -ESQUE . Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon... *Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon… STRESS 1. a. pollute b. contractual c. reject d. marvellous 2. a. mechanic b. military c. apologize d. miraculous 3. a. compulsory b. intensity c. kidding d. invaluable 4. a. nursery b. focus c. delicate d. secure 5. a. curriculum b. kindergarten c. contaminate d.conventional 6. A. apology B. industrial C. Industry D. Disaster. 7. A. interview B. certificate C.applicant D. primary 8. A. certificate B. apartment C. individual D. biology 9. A. scientific B. availlable C. suspicious D. supportive 10. A. especially B. comfortably C. carefully D. possibly 11. A. importance B. subtraction C. algebra D. example 12. A. aspect B. careful C. require D. successful 13. A. terrific B. applicant C. banking D. ignorant 14. A. recognize B. challenge C. symbolize D. Continue 15. A. continent B. belong C. master D. access 16. A. appalling B. ashamed C. November D. architect 17. A. policeman B. cinema C. overcoat D. politics 18. A. competition B. intelligent C. automation D. information 19. A. accountant B. Arabic C. Germany D. chemistry 20. A. attention B. interesting C. influence D. Television EXERCISES A I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. 1. She (not work)…………………., she (swim) ……………….in the river. 2. Why Ann (not wear) ………………..her new dress? 3. You can't see Tom now: he (have) ………………..a bath. 4. He usually (drink) ………. coffee but today he (drink) ……………..tea. 5. – What she (do) …………..in the evenings? – She usually (play) ……………cards or (watch)……………… TV. 6. She (stand) …..at the bus stop. I asked her what bus she (wait) ……. for. 7. When I arrived , the lecture had already started and the professor (write) ……………. on the overhead projector. 8. I didn't want to meet Paul , so when he entered the room I (leave) ………. 9. He (watch) ……………… TV when the phone rang. Very unwillingly he (turn) ………….. down the sound and (go) ……………… to answer it. 10. – This is my house. – How long you (live)…………………… here? – I (live) …………………here since 1970. 11. He (live) ……. in London for two years and then (go) …. to Edinburgh. 12. I (not see) ………………… him for three years. I wonder where he is. 13. I can't go out because I (not finish) ……………… my work. 14. Here are your shoes; I just (clean) ……………………. them. 15. You (have) ……. breakfast yet? – Yes, I (have) …………… it at 8.00. 16. – You (be) ……………… here before? – Yes, I (spend) ……………. my holidays here last year. – You (have) …………………. a good time? – No, it never (stop) …………………. raining. 17. – Where you (go) …… for your holidays this year? – I (go)… to Holland. 18. They (get) ………………… married next week. 19. – You (do) …. anything tonight? – Yes, I (go) … to my carpentry class. 20. It (rain)…………………... Look at those clouds. 21. You (have) …………………. time to help me tomorrow? 22. – Did you remember to book seats? – Oh no, I forgot. I (telephone) ……………. for them now. 23. – He has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg. – I'm sorry to hear that. I (send) ……………… him some grapes. 24. I've hired a typewriter and I (learn) …………………. to type. 25. I see that you have got a loom. You (do) ………….. some weaving? II. Multiple choices 1. She................Hanoi last year A. went B. go C. goes D. is going 2. Now you ..................from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours A. are flying B. would fly C. will fly D. can fly 3. When Carol....................last night, I................my favorite show on television A. was calling- watched B. called- have watched C. called- was watching D. had called- watched 4. By the time next summer, you....................your studies A. completes B. will complete C. are completing D. will have completed 5. Right now, Jim.................the newspaper and Kathy...............dinner A. reads- has cooked B. is reading- is cooking C. has read- was cooking D. read- will be cooking 6. Last night at this time, they.....................the same thing. She.............and he..........the newspaper A. are doing- is cooking- is reading B. were doing- was cooking- was reading C. was doing- has cooked- is reading D. had done- was cooking- read 7. – Hurry up! We’re waiting for you. What’s taking you so long? – I …………….. for an important phone call. Go ahead and leave without me. A. wait B. will wait C. am waiting D. have waited 8. – Robert is going to be famous someday. He ………. in three movies already. – I’m sure he’ll be a star. A. has been appearing B. has appeared C. had appeared D. appeared 9. – Hello? Alice? This is Jeff. How are you? – Jeff? What a coincidence! I ………….. about you when the phone rang. A. was just thinking B. just thought C. have just been thinking D. was just thought 10. – What …….. about the new simplified tax law? – It’s more confusing than the old one. A. are you thinking B. do you think C. have you thought D. have you been thinking 11. – Why did you buy all this sugar and chocolate? A. make B. will make – I ……………a delicious dessert for dinner tonight. C. am going to make D. will have made 12. – Let’s go! What’s taking you so long? – I’ll be there as soon as I …… my keys. A. found B. will find C. find D. am finding 13. While I ………………. TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor. A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching 14. The earth ……………… on the sun for its heat and light. A. is depend B. depending C. has depend D. depends 15. I don’t feel good. I ……………… home from work tomorrow. A. am staying B. stay C. will have stayed D. stayed 16. I’ve been in this city for a long time. I …………….. here sixteen years ago. A. have come B. was coming C. came D. had come 17. – May I speak to Dr. Paine, please? – I’m sorry, he ……….. a patient at the moment. Can I help you? A. is seeing B. sees C. has been seeing D. was seeing 18. – Paul, could you please turn off the stove? The potatoes …….. for at least 30 minutes. A. are boiling B. have been boiling C. boiling D. were boiling 19. My family loves this house. It ……….the family home ever since my grandfather built it 60 years ago. A. was B. has been C. is D. will be 20. I know you feel bad now, Tommy, but try to put it out of your mind. By the time you’re an adult, you …………. all about it. A. forget B. will have forgotten C. will forget D. forgot 21. The little girl started to cry. She ……….. her doll, and no one was able to find it for her. A. has lost B. had lost C. was losing D. was lost 22. I..................much of you lately. We..........................three months ago A. haven’t seen- last meet B. didn’t see- met C. haven’t seen- have meet D. didn’t see- have met 23. The Chinese................spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo................back to Italy A. made- brought B. have made- brought C. made- had brought D. had been making- brought 24. When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker.................speaking and the audience................... A. just finished- were clapping C. had just finished- were clapping B. had just finished- had clapped D. just finished- had clapped 25. He.............................his job last month and then he..................out of work A. lost- was B. was lost- had been C. has lost- was D. lost- has been 26. Jane’s eyes burned and her shoulders ached. She ……………. at the computer for five straight hours. Finally, she took a break. A. is sitting B. has been sitting C. was sitting D. had been sitting 27. In the last hundred years, travelling.......................much easier and more comfortable A. become B. has become C. became D. will became 28. In the 19th century, it.............two or three months to across North America by covered wagon A. took B. had taken C. had been taken D. was taking 29. Sam..............to change a light bulb when he................and......................... A. was trying -slipped- fell B. tried- was slipping- falling C. had been trying- slipped- was falling D. has tried- slips- falls 30. In the past, the trip...................very rough and often dangerous, but things..........a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years A. was- have changed B. is- change C. had been- will change D. has been- changed EXERCISES B Exercise 3: Choose the best answer: 1. When I got home I found that water...............................down the kitchen walls A. ran B. was running C. has run D. had been running 2. After he.......................his English course, he went to England to continue his study A. has finish B. had finished C. was finished D. would finish 3. How.........................since we .....................college? A. are you- left B. were you- left C. have you been- have left D. have you been- left 4. I..................much of you lately. We..........................three months ago A. haven’t seen- last met B. didn’t see- met C. haven’t seen- have meet D. didn’t see- have met 5. The Chinese.......................spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo.................back to Italy A. made- brought B. have made- brought C. made- had brought D. had been making- brought 6. When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker.................speaking and the audience................... A. just finished- were clapping B. had just finished- had clapped C. had just finished- were clapping D. just finished- had clapped 7. He.............................his job last month and then he..................out of work A. lost- was B. was lost- had been C. has lost- was D. lost- has been 8. In the last hundred years, travelling.......................much easier and more comfortable A. become B. has become C. became D. will became th 9. In the 19 century, it.............two or three months to across North America by covered wagon A. took B. had taken C. had been taken D. was taking 10. In the past, the trip...................very rough and often dangerous, but things..........a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years A. was- have changed B. is- change C. had been- will change D. has been- changed Exercise 4: Choose the best answer: 1. John …………tennis once or twice a week . A. usually B. is usually playing C. usually plays D. have usually played 2. It was noisy next door . Our neighbors ………………….a party . A. had B. were having C. had had D. have had 3. It …………dark . Shall I turn on the light ? A. is getting B. get C. got D. has got 4. Tom: ‘I ………………..for Christine . Do you know where she is ?’ David: ‘She has gone out.’ A. look B. looked C. am looking D. looks 5. Nga: ‘What were you doing at 7 o’clock yesterday evening?’ Huong: ‘I …………………….my clothes.’ A. am ironing B. have ironed C. ironed D. was ironing 6. Cavin:“Are you ready , Ann ?” Ann: “ Yes , I …………………………….” A. am coming B. come C. came D. have came 7. Why ……………….at me like that ? What’s the matter ? A. do you look B. have you looked C. did you look D. are you looking 8. I …………along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me . A. was walking B. am walking C. walk D. walked 9. She ……………….German for two years . A. has learnt B. is learning C. learn D. learns 10. The earth ……………….round the Sun . A. go B. went C. goes D. has gone 11. I come from Canada . Where ……………you ……….from ? A. do – come B. did – come C. are – coming D. have come 12. When I last ………………Jane , she ……………..to find a job . A. see – trying B. saw – was trying C. have seen – tried D. saw – tried 13. ………………….you go to the dentist ? A. How often are B. How often do C. How often does D. How are 14. Ann ………………tea very often. A. doesn’t drink B. don’t drink C. didn’t drink D. hasn’t drunken 15. It’s a nice day . I ……………we go out for a walk A. suggested B. suggest C. is suggesting D. are suggesting 16. Now I …………….for what I said about you . It wasn’t true and shouldn’t have said it. A. do apologize B. apologized C. was apologized D. apologizing 17. Tim was tired . He ……………..hard all day. A. has been studying B. studies C. studied D. had been studying 18. Bad driving often ………………….many accidents. A. caused B. cause C. causes D. has caused 19. The Olympic Games …………………every four years A. take place B. takes place C. took place D. is taking place 20. What time ……………..the banks close in Britain ? A. do B. does C. did D. can 21. Look ! That man ……………………..to open the door of your car . A. try B. tried C. is trying D. has tried 22. When I was young , I …………..to be a singer . A. want B. was wanting C. wanted D. had wanted 23. I ……………lots about the job so far . A. have learnt B. am learning C. had learnt D. learn 24. I ………..here at the end of the month . A. will leave B. would leave C. would have left D. is leaving 25. I hope every thing …………………fine A. is B. would be C. was D. will be 26. I …………….my son the money for that last week . A. gave B. given C. have given D. was given 27. Yesterday I passed by Peter’s house , but the front door was closed . He …………….out A. went B. must have gone C. has gone D. had gone 28. Where ……………you at 9.00 last night , Mr Green ? A. have been B. were C. will be D. are 29. I …………the dishwasher on when heard the shot . A. am turning B. was turned C. was turning D. turned 30. There was a time when watching T.V really …………………family entertainment . A. were B. was C. had been D. is 31. Daniel ……………..the bus . It doesn’t run on Sundays . A. did not catch B. have not caught C. had not caught D. couldn’t have caught 32. We didn’t play well . We ……………..better . A. should have played B. should play C. have played D. have been playing 33. I think you ……………….pay to park here . I’ll just go and read that notice . A.will B. would C. must D. can 34. I think you should have that coat ……………….soon . A. cleaned B. being cleaned C. cleaning D. to clean 35. I’m feeling sick . I ………………so much chocolate last night . A. needn’t to eat B. did not eat C. mustn’t eat D. shouldn’t have eaten 36. I’m going on holiday on Saturday . This time next week I ……….on a beach in the sea . A. will lie B. am lying C. will be lying D. should be lying 37. Tomorrow I ……………..my grandparents . A. am going to visit B. will have visited C. have visited D. visit 38. When their first child was born , they ……….married for three years . A. have been B. had been C. will be D. will have been 39. She ………………very angry when she knows this . A. shall be B. has been C. will have been D. will be 40. We …………a party last Saturday . It was great – we invited lots of people . A. have B. have had C. had D. had had 41. I was sad when I sold my car . I ……….….it for a very long time . A. am running ` B. were running C. had been running D. have been running 42. We were extremely tired at the end of the journey . We …….for more than 24 hours . A.had been traveling B. were traveling C. have traveled D. traveled 43. The house was very quiet when I got home . Everybody ………………straight to bed . A.had gone B. have gone C. went D. go 44. The man sitting next to me on the plane was nervous because he ………………..before . A. hasn’t flown B. didn’t fly C. hadn’t flown D. wasn’t flying 45. ……………a car when they were living in London ? A. Have they B. Did they have C. Were they having D. Have they had 46. The fire spread through the building quickly but everybody ……………………… A. manages to escape B. managed to escape C. was escaping D. can escape 47. There ‘s plenty of time . You ……………………hurry . A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. have not to D. won’t 48. A few days ago , I ………that Jane …………………for New York . A. learn – had left B. learned – had left C. learned – has left D. learn – will leave 49. Tom writes very quickly . He’s …………………finished his essays . A. already B. been C. for D. yet 50. How …………have you known each other ? A. already B. for C. long D. since 51. He has been selling motorcycles …………………………. A. ten years ago B. since ten years C. for last ten years D. for ten years 52. He fell down when he ……..towards the church . A. run B. runs C. was running D. were running 53. Sorry , I can’t stop now . I …………..to an important appointment A. go B. am going C. have gone D. was going 54. They ……..serving meals by the time we get to the restaurant . A. will stop B. stopped C. are stopping D. will have stopped 55. Mark was listening to music while his sister …………….a book . A. read B. reads C. is reading D. was reading 56. You …………..here for my party , won’t you ? A. shall be B. won’t be C. will be D. are going to be 57. Can you borrow your bike on Monday ? – I’m sorry , but ……………………it A. I’ll be using B. used C. use D. have used 58. There’s no more apples . We …………………..them all . A. had eaten B. ate C. eat D. have eaten 59. She ……………music all day . Now she feels tired . A. has been playing B. is playing C. played D. plays 60. After he ……………the house , he wrote a letter . A. cleans B. was cleaning C. had cleaned D. has cleaned 61. The books , an English dictionary and a chemistry text , …………on the shelf yesterday. A. was B. were C. is D. are 62. There …………..ten people in line already when we arrived . A. were B. was C. is D. are 63. Either of these buses ……………….past the university . A. go B. have gone C. gone D. goes 64. Neither Canada nor Mexico ……………..that citizens of the United States have passports . A. requires B. require C. requiring D. to require 65. The staff ……………in the conference room at the moment . A. are meeting B. were meeting C. meet D. is meeting 66. Mathematics ……………….very interesting to me . A. are B. have been C. were D. is 67. I ……………..to New York three times this year . A. have been B. were C. has been D. was 68. Diana is a wonderful tennis player . She ……….……since she was at high school . A. has been practising B. is practising C. has been practised D. was practised 69. This is the most difficult class ……………….. A.I’ve never taken B. I’m ever taking C. I used to take ever since D. I’ve ever taken 70. By the end of next year, Mr Park …………for this company for 35 years . A. will work B. will have worked C. will be working D. has worked I don’t care whether ……………….. or not. A. his coming B. he comes C. does he come D. will he come 72. She listened so attentively that not a word ……………….. A. she missed B. she did miss C. she didn’t miss D. did she miss 73. Helen and Tom _____ each other since they were seven years old. A. know B. has known C. have known D. knew 74. Harry works all the time. He ________. A. never relaxes B. relaxes never C. often relaxes D. relaxes sometimes 75. The last time I _______ swimming was when we were in Spain. A. has gone B. went C. had gone D. goes 76. How old was Catherine when she ______ to France?. A. migrated B. migrate C. migrates D. has migrated 77. A: I hope to write my autobiography before I ___. Do you think anyone would read it ? B: Certainly! A. died B. die C. have died D. had died 78. While I …………..TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor A. was watching B. watched C. watch D. am watching 79. It ____________ him three months to be able to run a mile a year ago. A. takes B. take C. took D. to take 80. World War II ________ out in 1939. A. break B. will break C. broke D. have broken Exercise 5 :Choose the underlined word or phrase that must be changed to make sentence correct : 81. After Mrs. Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner. A. returned B. to her house C. from work D. was cooking 82. Debbie, whose father is an excellent tennis player, has been playing tennis since ten years. A.whose father B.player C. has been D.since 83. Linda has worn her new yellow dress only once since she buys it. A. worn B.new yellow C. only once D. buys 84.I have seen lots of interesting places when I went on holiday last summer. A. have seen B. lots C. interesting D. went 85. When my cat heard a noise in the bushes, she stopped moving and listens intently. A.heard B.moving C.listens D. intently 86. The police arrested the man while he is having dinner in a restaurant. A.The police B.while C. is having D.in 87. Peter and Wendy first met in 2006, and they are married for three years now. A.first B. in 2006 C. are D. now 88. The boss laughed when the secretary has told him that she really needed a pay rise. A.has told B. really C.needed D.pay 89. While I’m shopping in the supermarket, I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t met for five years. A.I’m shopping B. into an old friend C. hadn’t met D. for five years 90. Last week Mark told me that got very bored with his present job and is looking for a new one. A.told B. got C. is looking D. new one. MỘT VÀI CẤU TRÚC BIẾN ĐỔI CÂU CỦA THÌ 1. S + V (present perfect) … + time It is + time … + since + S + V2/ed Ex: I haven’t seen my father for one month. It is one month since I last saw my father. 2.. S + have / has not + V 3/ed It is the first time + S + have / has + V 3/ed Ex: I haven’t seen that man here before. It’s the first time I have seen that man here. 3. S + have / has not + V 3/ed … since (for) S + last + V (past) … when … The last time + clause + was … Ex: I haven’t heard him since August. The last time I heard him was in August. I haven’t seen him since I was a student. I last saw him when I was a student. Choose the sentence A, B, C or D nearest in meaning to the one in italic. 91. Mr. Brown was last seen in July 1928. A. Mr. Brown has not been able to see since July 1928. B. No one has seen Mr. Brown since July 1928. C. Mr. Brown didn’t see anyone in July 1928. D. No one saw Mr. Brown until July 1928. 92. When the power failed, we went to a restaurant for dinner. A. We had dinner at a restaurant because of a power cut. B. The power failed just as we were going out for dinner. C. We were having dinner at a restaurant when the power failed. D. There was going to be a power cut, so we went out for dinner. 93. She told me she had to be home by ten o’clock A. She told me she had to be home by ten o’clock. B.She said me it was necessary for her to get home before ten o’clock. C.She told me that she would be going home at ten o’clock. D.She said that she usually reached her home before ten o’clock. 94. She hasn’t seen her family for years. A. She didn’t see her family for a long time. B. It’s the last time she saw her family years ago. C. It’s years ago she has seen her family. D. It’s years since she last saw her family. 95. Could you tell me her address? A. Do you know what is her address? B. You know what is her address? C. Do you know what her address is? D. Did you know what her address was? 96. When did you begin to work here? A. How long did you work here? B. How long did you begin working here? C. How long are you working here? D. How long have you been working here? 97. I haven’t seen my aunt for years. A. I haven’t met my aunt for long ago. B. The last time I met my aunt since years ago. C. I last saw my aunt years ago. D. I didn’t see my aunt years ago. 98. She started work three months ago. A. It is three months since she started work. B. She had been working for three months. C. She is working here for three months now. D. It’s three months that she worked for. 99. My career as a teacher began 15 years ago. A. I have been a teacher for 15 years now. B. I was a teacher for 15 years. C. For 15 years have I been a teacher. D. I have started teaching for15 years now. 100. It has always been my ambition to become a famous artist. A. I wanted to become a famous artist. B. Always in my life do I want to become a famous artist. C. I have always dreamt of becoming a famous artist. D. Dreaming of becoming a famous artist, I always have that ambition. VERB FORMS Để dễ nhớ, ta chia hình thức động từ loại động từ : + Bare infinitive(động từ nguyên mẫu không To) ---->Vo + To infinitive (động từ nguyên mẫu có To) ----> V1 + Simple past( qúa khứ đơn) ----> V2 Vo-ED/ V2 + Past participle: qúa khứ phân từ : V3/ Vo-ED ---> V3 + Present participle Hiện tại phân tư :Vo+ing ---> V4 ( chức năng như tính từ hay dùng trong thì tiếp diễn + Gerund Danh động từ:(Vo+ing) (chức năng như danh từ hoặc động từ)----> V4 * Động từ chia theo ý nghĩa có động từ đặc biệt và động từ thường, chia theo dạng có 3 dạng chính như sau: Bare infinitive (V0) Infinitive : To infinitive (V1) Gerund (V0 + ing ) Past Participle Vo ed/V3 ( V3 ) Participle : Present Participle - Vo + ing(V4 ) I. Bare infinitive : (bare) động từ nguyên mẫu khơng to 1. Sau modal verb ( động từ khiếm khuyết ) 2. Sau auxilary verb : do, does, did. 3. Sau make, let, help ( sau help có thể có To inf ). Passive voice dùng to inf theo sau. Trừ let 4. Sau động từ chỉ giác quan:(verbs of perception ) : see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch, notice … Vo ( bare ) hành động đã xong S + V + object Vo ( ing ) hành động đang diễn ra 5. Sau had better ( tốt hơn ) would rather ( thà thì hơn ), had sooner. 6. Sau thành ngữ : to do nothing but + Vo ( bare ) : không làm gì cả mà chỉ. Can not but + Vo(bare): không còn cách nào khác. 7. Causative form (Thể sai khiến): S + have + object ( chỉ người ) + Vo (bare). 8. Simple present tense : I, you, we, they +Vo (bare). 9. Bắt đầu câu mệnh lệnh: ( imprative ) II. To infinitive (V1) động từ nguyên mẫu cĩ To) 1. Làm subject V(sing) (review formal subject) 2. Làm object of verb : S + V + to inf (as an object ) 3. Làm bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ ( object complement ) ; S + V + obj + to infinitive 4. Làm adjective rút gọn adjective clause ( relative clause ) đứng sau danh từ reduce relative clause. 5. Làm adverb rút gọn : adverbbial clause of result : đứng sau adj Rút gọn: adverbial clause of purpose: chỉ mục đích 5a. Rút gọn clause of result theo công thức sau ( phrase of result ) S + V + too adj/adv ( for object )+ to inf S + V + adj/adv enough (for object )+to inf review how to 5b. Rút gọn : clause of purpose theo mẫu sau ( phrase of purpose ) to inf S+V+ in order for object to inf so as to inf 6. It + take+ (object) + time + to inf 7. Causative form: S+ get + object ( chỉ người ) + to inf 8. Sau một số động từ sau đây: 8.a Những động từ sau đây, theo sau là to infinitive : S + V + to inf 1. afford : cung cấp đủ 21. manage : xoay xở 2. agree : đồng ý 22. mean : muốn 3. appear : có vẻ 23. need : cần ( chủ động, người ) 4. arrange : sắp xếp 24. offer : mời 5. ask : hỏi 25. plan : dự định, kế hoạch 6. attempt : cố gắng 26. prepare : chuẩn bị 7. beg : đề nghị, xin 27. pretend : giả vờ 8. care : quan tâm 28. promise : hứa 9. claim : cho là, tuyên bố 29. refuse : từ chối 10. consent : đồng ý, tán thành 30. regret : tiếc ( tương lai ) 11. decide : quyết định 31. remember : nhớ (tương lai ) 12. demand : yêu cầu 32. seem : dường như 13. deserve : xứng đáng 33. struggle : đấu tranh, cố gắng 14. expect : trông đợi 34. swear : thề 15. dare : dám 35. threaten : dọa 16. fail : thất bại 36. tend : có khuynh hướng 17. forget : quên ( tương lai ) 37. volunteer : tình nguyện, xung phong 18. hesitate : ngập ngừng 38. wait : đợi 19. hope : hy vọng 39. want : muốn ( chủ động ) 20. learn : học 40. wish : ao ước 8.b Những động từ sau đây, theo sau là Obj + to inf: S + V + objective + to inf 1. advise : khuyên 23. require : yêu cầu 2. allow: cho phép 24. recommend : khuyên 3. ask : hỏi, đòi hỏi 25. teach : dạy 4. beg : năn nỉ, xin 26. tell : bảo 5. cause : gây ra 27. urge : thúc giục, thuyết phục 6. challenge : thách thức, thách đố 28. want : muốn 7. convince : thuyết phục 29. warn : cảnh báo 8. dare : dám 30. help : giúp đỡ 9. encourage :khuyến khích 31. would like : thích 10. expect : trông đợi 32. would prefer : thích 11. forbid : cấm 33. appoint : chỉ định ai làm gì 12. force : bắt buộc 34. charge : giao nhiệm vụ 13. hire : thuê, mướn 35. choose : lựa chọn 14. instruct : chỉ dẫn 36. compel : cưỡng bách 15. invite : mời 37. defy : thách 16. need : cần 38. desire : ao ước, thèm thuồng 17. tempt : cám dỗ 39. direct : hướng dẫn, chỉ huy 18. intend : dự định 40. implore : yêu cầu 19. order : ra lệnh 41. provoke : xúi giục 20. permit : cho phép 21. persuade : thuyết phục 22. remind : nhắc lại 42. Teach, explain, know, understand, discover, consider, think, believe + how + to inf :Chỉ cách thức III. Gerund : Danh động từ A. Gerund as a noun ( subj , obj, complement & appositive) 1. Làm chủ ngữ V(sing) ( real subject & informal subject ). 2. Làm tân ngữ Object of verb : S + V + V- ing ( gerund ). Object of preposition sau preposition + V-ing. . Làm subject complement: Ex: My hobby is swimming ( gerund ) 4. Làm appositive (ngữ đồng vị ) Ex: My hobby, swimming makes me healthy. 5. Đứng sau thành ngữ : it is no use, it is no good : there is no use, there is no good: vô ích can’t stand / bear / help : không thể chịu được 6. Sau hai tính từ : busy, worth 7. Thành lập noun compound ( danh từ kép ) N + gerund child bearing Gerund + N flying machine B. Gerund as a verb : có object hoặc được bổ nghĩa bởi một trạng từ 1. admit : thừa nhận 26. hate : ghét 2. advise : khuyên ( không object ) 27. mention : nhắc tới, nĩi tới 3. anticipate : tham gia 28. mind : phiền 29. miss : nhớ, lỡ, mất 4. appreciate : đánh giá cao 5. avoid : tránh 30. postpone : đình, hõan. 6. complete : hòan thành 31. prevent : ngăn cản 7. consider : xem xét 32. practise : luyện tập 8. delay : trì hõan 33. recall : gợi lại, nhớ lại. 9. dread : sợ 34. recollect : gợi lại. 10. detest : ghét 35. recommend : khuyên, dặn dò. 11. discuss : thảo luận 36. regret 12. dislike : không thích 37. remember : nhớ ( qúa khứ ) 13. deny : từ chối 38. resent : tức giận, phật ý. 14. enjoy : thưởng thức 39. resist : cưỡng lại, phản kháng. 15. excuse : xin lỗi 40. risk : liều lĩnh. 16. finish : hòan thành 41. stop : ngừng, từ bỏ. 17. forget : quên ( qúa khứ ) 42. start : ( hoặc To inf ) 18. forgive : tha thứ 43. suggest : đề nghị 19. fancy : tưởng tượng 44. tolerate : bỏ qua 20. imagine : tưởng tượng 45. understand : hiểu 21. involve : làm liên lụy 46. restrict : hạn chế, giảm bớt, ngăn ngừa. 22. include : bao gồm * can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t help 23. keep : tiếp tục * it is no use, it is no good, there is no use . 24. love : ( hoặc To inf) * look forward to 25. like : thích * busy, worth : tiếc nuối ( quá khứ ) IV. Past participle : qúa khứ phân từ – VoED/V3 1. Thêm trợ từ have+Vo-ED/V3 ( past participle ) perfect tense 2.Thêm trợ từ Be +VoED/V3(past participle) passive voice 3. Làm chức năng như adjective passive meaning cĩ thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ ( adjective clause or relative clause ) + Có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian. + Có thể rút gọn câu khi một chủ ngữ thực hiện hai hành động. 4. Thành lập adjective compound: tính từ kép man – made N Adj Adv + V ( PP – VoED/V3 ) new – born well – known 6. Thêm “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp V(plural ) educated(adj) the educated:những người có giáo dục. 7. Thành lập causative form : thể truyền khuyến S +have/get +object (chỉ vật)+ V ( PP – Vo ED/V3 ) V. Present participle ( Vo + ing) hiện tại phân từ. 1. Thêm trợ từ Be + Vo-ing để thành lập thì continuous tense. 2. Làm tính từ mang nghĩa chủ động ( active meaning ) có thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ ( adjective clause or relative clause ) có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nhượng bộ, lý do và điều kiện . một chủ ngữ thực hiện 2 hành động có thể dùng present participle để rút gọn. 3. Thêm mạo từ “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp : Ex: to live the living : những người đang sống. 4. Thành lập tính từ kép ( adjective compound ). peace – loving N Adj good – loking Vo + ing hard - working Adv VI. Vo + ing or to infinitive + To inf /Vo – ing 1. Recommend, begin, start, continue +to inf chỉ tương lai 2. Forget, remember, regret: +Vo – ing chỉ quá khứ 3. Stop to infinitive ngừng việc đang làm để làm việc khác. Vo – ing : ngừng việc đang làm 4. Try to infinitive : cố gắng Vo – ing : thử 5. Need, want, require To inf : mang nghĩa chủ động Vo+ ing : mang nghĩa bị động (need: tobe + V (PP) 6. Would you mind + Vo- ing? Would you mind if + S + past Subjunctive …? 7. Advise, allow, permit obj + to infi + Vo- ing 8. Prefer: + V-ing to V-ing:thích cái gì hơn cái gì + to infinitive: thích cái gì đó 9. Feel like + Vo ing: thích cái gì đó Gerund , infinitive, participle Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund , infinitive, participle). 1. I caught him (climb) _____ over my wall. I asked him (explain) _____ but he refused (say) _____ anything, so in the end I had (let) _____ him (go) _____. 2. When at last I succeeded in (convince) _____ him that I wanted (get) _____ home quickly he put his foot on the accelerator and I felt the car (leap) _____ forward. 3. I'm not used to (drive) _____on the left. When you see everyone else (do)____ it you'll find it quite easy (do) _____yourself. 4. It is pleasant (sit) _____by the fire at night and (hear) _____the wind (howl) _____outside. 5. There was no way of (get) _____out of the building except by (climb) _____down a rope and Ann was too terrified (do) _____this. 6. We heard the engines (roar) _____as the plane began (move) _____ and we saw the people on the ground (wave) _____good-bye. 7. It's no good (write) _____ to him; he never answers letters. The only thing (do) _____ is (go)_____ and (see) _____him. 8. Why did you go all round the field instead of (walk) _____ across it? I didn't like (cross) _____it because of the bull. I never see a bull without (think) _____that it wants (chase) _____ me. 9. The people in the flat below seem (be) _____ having a party. You can hear the champagne corks (thud)_____ against their ceiling. 10. I don't like (get) _____bills but when I do get them I like (pay) _____them promptly. 11. Ask him (come) _____in. Don't keep him (stand) _____at the door. 12. The boys next door used (like) _____(make) _____ and (fly) _____ model aero planes, but they seem to have stopped (do) _____ that now. 13. I knew I wasn't the first (arrive)_____, for I saw smoke (rise) _____from the chimney. 14. We watched the men (saw) _____the tree and as we were walking away heard it (fall) _____with a tremendous crash. 15. I hate (see) _____a child (cry) _____. 16. We watched the children (jump) _____from a window and (fall) _____into a blanket held by the people below. 17. It is very unpleasant (wake) _____ up and (hear) _____ the rain (beat) _____on the windows. 18. He saw the lorry (begin) _____ (roll) _____ forwards but he was too far away (do) _____ anything (stop) _____it. 19. There are people who can't help (laugh) _____when they see someone (slip) _____on a banana skin. 20. I prefer (drive) _____ to (be driven) _____. Exercise 2. Multiple choices 1. All the passengers were made ________ their seat belts during the turbulence. A. buckle B. to buckle C. buckling D. for buckling. 2. ________ good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream. A. Make B. Making C. To make D. For make 3. I got my friend ________ her car for the weekend. A. to let me to borrow B. to let me borrow C. let me borrow D. let me to borrow 4. How can you let such a silly incident ________ your friendship? A. wreck B. to wreck C wrecking D. that wrecks 5. ‘How about going to the theater?' 'OK,' but I would rather ______ a concert.' A. attend B. to attend C. attending D. have attended 6. The skiers would rather ________ through the mountains than go by bus. A. to travel on train B. traveled by train C. travel by train D. traveling by the train 7. If we leave now for our trip, we can drive half the distance before we stop ___ lunch. A. having B. to have C. having had D. for having 8. The examiner made us ___ our identification in order to be admitted to the test center. A. show B. showing C. to show D. showed 9. As we entered the room, we saw a rat ________ towards a hole in the skirting board. A. scamper B. to scamper C. scampering D. was scampering 10. I remember ________ to Paris when I was a very small child. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking C. allow me going D. allow to go 11. My parents wouldn't _______ to the party. A. allow me go B. allow me to go 12. We are going to have my house _______ tomorrow morning. A.paint Bpainting C. painted D. to be painted 13. We hope that the students themselves will enjoy ______ part in the projects. A. to take B. taking C. to be taken D. being taken 14. Sally's low test scores kept her from _______ to the university. A. admitting B. to admit C. to be admitted D. being admitted 15. Are you sure you told me about the party? I don't recall _______ about it. A. having told B. to have told C. having been told D. to have been told 16. I meant to get up early but I forgot _______ up my alarm clock. A. wind B. to wind C. wind D. wound 17. Look at the state of the gate. It needs ________ as soon as possible. A. to repair B. repairing C. being repaired D. be repaired C. to ask D. to be asked 18. Alice didn't expect ________ to Bill's party. A. asking B. being asked 19. We asked ________ the piano so early in the morning, but she won't. A. Marie to stop playing B. Marie stop to play C. that Marie stops playing D. Marie to stop to play 20. A good teacher makes her students ________ the world from new perspectives. A. to view B. view C. to be viewed D. viewing Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb. 1. The thief threatened (kill) ____to kill______us if we phoned the police. 2. She offered (help) ___to help_______me to clean the house. 3. They attempted (win) ___to win_______the prize. 4. There was a lot of traffic but we managed (go) ___to go_______to the airport in time 5. He wanted (see) _________to see____________the house where the president was born. 6. I would like him (go) __to go_________ to a university but I can’t (make) ___make_____ him go. 7. He is learning (play) ___to play_______piano. 8. She asked me (give) ____to give______her my book. 9. She lets her children (sleep) _____sleep________________on the floor. 10. You had better (go) ________go_____________to bed early. Exercise 4: 1. My mother was afraid to let the boy _____ the tree. A. to risk climbing B. to risk to climb C. risk climbing 1. You had better _____ at home until you feel better. A. stay B. to stay C. staying 2. Peter usually helps his mother ______. A. to do housework B. do housework C. with housework 3. She used that money _____ a new car. A. buy B. buying C. to buy 4. Can you manage_____ ______ the report in the morning? A. finishing / to write B. to finish / writing C. finishing / writing 5. Rex hotel was the best place for us _____. A. stays B. staying C. to stay 6. You can’t stop me from _____ what I want. A. doing B. do C. to do 7. I must go now. I promise _______ late. A. not being B. not to be C. to not be 8. Do you want ______ with you or do you want to go alone? A. me coming B. me to come C. that I will come 9. Suddenly he stopped the car in order ______. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking .11. I hate _______ personal questions by newly-acquainted friends. A. to be asking B. to be asked C. being asking 12. Japanese _______ at the meeting. A. will speak B. will spoken C. will be spoken Exercise 5: Find the mistake 1. You had better learning a foreign language before applying for a job. A B C D 2. Gets the bad news from her parents, Lan immediately burst into tears. A B C D 3. It is very difficult for us to preventing forest fires during the drought. A B C D 4. I noticed the boy to creep into the house through a hole at the foot of the wall. A B C D 5. Faraday’s father was not rich enough to sending him to school. A B C D 6. Would you please tell me how doing this? A B C D 7. My parents never let me going out in the evening. A B C D Exercise 6: Choose the best answer 1.It was late, so we decided ______ a taxi home. A. to take B. taken C. taking 2.Simon was in a difficult situation, so I agreed _______ him some money. A. lend B. lending C. to lend 3.How old were you when you learnt ______ ? A. how to drive B. how driving C. how drive 4. I waved to Karen but I failed ______ her attention. A. to be attracted B. to attract C. attracting 5. She always encouraged her son _____ . A. to jog B. jogged C. is jogging D. risk to climb D. stayed D. all are correct D. for buying D. to finish / to write D. stay D. that I do D. I won’t be D. that I come D. has smoked D. of asking D. will be speaking D. was taken D. lender D. how drivers D. attracted D. jogging 6. They seem _____ plenty of money. A. are having B. to have C. having 7. I like Simon, but I think he tends _______ too much. A. to talk B. talking C. talk 8. I don’t know whether ______ for the job or not. A. to applying B. apply C. to apply D. had D. is talking D. applied Exercise 7. Choose the best answer to complete each of the sentences/Or identify the underlined part that needs correction: 1. I saw him __________off. A. to drive B. drive C. driven D. drove 2. You’d better ____________ an umbrella. A. take B. to take C. taking D. to be taken 3. Would you mind if I _____________ the window? A. to open B. opened C. opening D. open 4. Wouldn’t you rather _____________? A. succeed B. to succeed C. succeeding D. succeeded 5. He made me __________it all over again. A. done B. do C. to do D. doing 6. I had the boy ___________ a letter yesterday. A. posting B. to post C. post D. posted 7. You must _____________ a lot of people. A. to know B. know C. knowing D. known 8. My father doesn’t let me _____________ out at night. A. going B. to go C. go D. gone 9. We heard him __________________ downstairs. A. ran B. to be run C. to run D. run 10. Let’s ____________ an English song. A. singing B. sing C. to sing D. sang 11. We watched him ______________ the car. A. park B. parked C. to park D. to be parked 12. Why don’t you ____________ for a job? A. applying B. applied C. to apply D. apply 13. I am planning __________ Da Lat next week. A. visit B. visiting C. visited D. to visit 14. I must go now. I promised _____________ late A. not being B. not to be C. not being D. won’t be 15. Suddenly he stopped the car in order __________. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smoked 16. It was late, so we decided ____________ a taxi home. A. to take B. taken C. taking D. take 17. How old were you when you learnt _______________? A. how to drive B. how drive C. how driving D. how driven 18. She always encourages her son ____________ harder. A. to study B. studied C. study 19. Don’t forget __________ the letter I gave you. A. to post B. posting C. post 20. I got my father ________________ my bike. A. repair B. to repair C. repairing 21. The fire isn’t hot enough _________________ a kettle. A. boiling B. to boil C. boil 22. It is too cold for us ______________________. A. went out B. go out C. to go out D. studying D. posted D. repaired D. boiled D. going out 23. He went to Britain ___________English. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned 24. I have some letters ________________. A. to write B. writing C. wrote D. write 25. It takes me ten minutes _________to school every day. A. walking B. to walk C. walk D. walked 26. We expect him ______________ tomorrow. A. arrive B. arriving C. to arrive D. will arrive 27. Would you like __________to my birthday party? A. coming B. come C. came D. to come 28. I tried ___________the bus, but I missed it. A. catch B. catching C. to catch D. caught 29. Remember _____________Lan a present because today is her birthday. A. send B. sending C. to send D. sent 30. We were allowed ___________ photographs in this room. sell A. B. to sell C. selling D. sold 31. It took me a very long time recovering from the shock of her death. A B C D 32. Remember taking off your shoes when you are in a Japanese house. A B C D 33. My parents permitted me going out at weekends. A B C D 34. Money is used to buying food and clothes. A B C D 35. He often lets me to use his mobile phone. A B C D Exercise 8. Rewrite each of the following sentences so that its meaning remains unchanged, using the given words: 1. My parents don’t allow me to play games on computer. My parents don’t let _____________________ 2. I had my friend answer the questions. I got my friend _________________________ 3. He spent an hour doing his homework last night. It took__________________________________ 4. I am going to the post office. I want to send some letter. I am going to the post office in order___________________ 5. My grandfather is very weak. He can’t lift the box. My grandfather is too ____________________________ 6. My father said that I could use his car. My father allowed me______________________________ 7. The sudden noise caused me to jump. The sudden noise made me__________________________ 8. “John, please don’t tell anyone my new address”, said Mary. Mary told John_____________________________ 9. I don’t really want to visit the museum. I’d rather__________________________________ 10. Lan told Nam:” Remember to send your parents my regard” Lan reminded Nam__________________________ 11. The lesson was too long for us to learn by heart. The lesson wasn’t short enough_________________ 12. She was very stupid when she went out without a raincoat. It was very stupid of her_________________________ 13. Would you mind making me some tea? Would you please______________________________ 14. They got out of the car. I watched them_______________________________ 15. He was the first man who reached the top of the mountain. He was the first man to_____________________________________ Exercise 9: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb 1. I am considering (take) _________________a trip to Europe next year. 2. Do you mind (wait) _________________ a few minutes in the reception room? 3. We should avoid (give) ________________ an answer immediately. 4. They have finished (paint) ________________ our apartment at last. 5. You shouldn’t risk (go) __________________out if you have a cold. 6. The room needs (clean) ___________________. It is very dirty. 7. It is a waste of time (read) ___________________that book. 8. We spend two hours a day (learn) __________________English. Exercise 10. Give the correct verb form: 1. Students stopped (make) ___________ noise when the teacher came in. 2. She couldn’t help (shed) __________ tears when she saw the film “Romeo and Juliet”. 3. Would you mind (buy) ____________ me a newspaper? 4. They postpone (build) ____________ an Elementary School for the lack of finance. 5. Are his ideas worth (listen) ____________ to? 6. My grandfather is used to (get) _____________ up early in the morning. 7. They are looking forward to our (visit) _______________them. 8. He used to fall asleep without (take) ___________ his shoes off. 9. My watch keeps (stop) ___________. 10. I remember (meet) ____________ you somewhere last month. Exercise 12. Rewrite the sentences without changing their meanings: 1. Would you please do it for me? → Would you mind __________________________? 2. She doesn’t usually stay up so late. → She is not used ______________________________ 3. The children like going in the rain. → The children enjoy ___________________________ 4. Why don’t we go out for a meal tonight? → I suggest _______________________________ 5. It took her 2 hours to drive from London to Edinburgh. → She spent ________________________________ Exercise 13. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D 1. Instead of ___________ about the good news, Tom seemed to be different. A. exciting B. to excite C. being excited D. to be excited 2. I remember __________ to the zoo when I was a child. A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken 3. Would you mind not _________ the radio on until I’ve finished with this phone call? A. turning B. to turn C. being turned D. to be turned 4. Julia’s children are used to _____ after school every day. They don’t have to walk home. A. picking up B. to pick up C. being picked up D. to be picked up 5. It’s not good to avoid _________ the teacher’s questions in class. A. answer B. answering C. answered D. to answer 6. It is no good _________ sorry for yourself. A. to feel B. feeling C. feel D. felt 7. Everyday I spend two hours _________ speaking English. A. practise B. to practise C. practising D. practised 8. Tommy admitted _________ the rock through the window. A. throwing B. being throwing C. to throw D. to be thrown 9. He suggested _________ a double railway tunnel. A. to build B. built C. building D. that building 10. I was reading my books, but I stopped _________ a programme on TV. A. reading to watch B. to read to watch C. to read for watching D. reading watching 11. Does Dr Johnson mind ________ at home if his patients need his help? A. to call B. to be called C. calling D. being called 12. We hope that the students themselves will enjoy _______ part in the projects. A. to take B. taking C. to be taken D. being taken 13. Your house needs _________ . A. redecorate B. redecorating C. redecorated D. to redecorate 14. Please wait a minute. My boss is busy ________ something. A. to write B. write C. wrote D. writing 15. The children stopped ___________ games when their mother came home. A. playing B. play C. to play D. played 16. I really regret _________ your feeling when I asked you such a silly question. A. hurt B. hurting C. being hurt D. to hurt 17. I can’t go on __________ here any more. I want a different job. A. working B. to work C. work D. worked 18. My uncle has given up ___________ for 3 years. A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke D. smoked 19. This girl can't bear ____________alone. A. being B. is C. to be D. was 20. I must drive more carefully. I can’t risk____________ another speeding ticket. A. get B. getting C. to get D. got Exercise 14. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting. 21. You had better learn a foreign language before apply for a job. A B C D 22. Would you mind to check the figures again? A B C D 23. My little sister suggested to go to the beach for a change. A B C D 24. I spent most of my time in the train read my favorite book. A B C D 25. He stopped to smoke because it is harmful to his health. A B C D 26. My father prefers watching films at home to go to the cinema. A B C D 27. She is looking forward to see her grandparents again soon. A B C D 28. Before to go out, remember to turn off the computer. A B C D 29. People want to conserve the environment, but they can’t help pollute it. A B C D 30. I enjoy not have to get up early when I’m on holiday. A B C D Exercise 15. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 31. Shall we go for a ride? A. What about going for a ride? B. What about go for a ride? C. What about to go for a ride? D. What about to going for a ride? 32. Why don’t we go to the cinema for a change? A. I suggest going to the cinema for a change. B. I suggest go to the cinema for a change. C. I suggest not going to the cinema for a change. D. I suggest to go to the cinema for a change. 33. Please don’t play music so loudly. A. Would you mind playing your music so loudly? B. Would you mind not play your music so loudly? C. Would you mind not to play your music so loudly? D. Would you mind not playing your music so loudly? 34. Shall we invite our friends to the party on Sunday? A. Do you consider to invite our friends to the party on Sunday? B. Do you consider inviting our friends to the party on Sunday? C. Do you consider invite our friends to the party on Sunday? D. Do you consider to inviting our friends to the party on Sunday? 35. Let’s get together next Saturday. A. How about get together next Saturday? B. How about let getting together next Saturday? C. How about getting together next Saturday? D. How about let get together next Saturday? Exercise 16:Choose the best answer 1. We are looking forward _____ you again soon. A. to see B. to seeing C. saw D. have seen 2. I remember _____ but he said I did not. A. to buy him a book B. buy him a book C. buying him a book D. to have bought him a book 3. Remember _____ john a present . today is his birthday. A. send B. to send C. sent D. sending 4. I suggest _____ some more mathematical puzzles. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done 5. The driver stopped _____ a coffee because he felt sleepy. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 6. That old man tried to stop _____ because of his bad health. A. smoke B. smokes C. smoked D. smoking 7. She tried to be serious, but she couldn’t help ______. A. laughing B. to laugh C. that she laughed D. laugh 8. He tried to avoid ______ my question. A. answering B. to answer C. answer D. how to answer 9. Jim is 65, but he isn’t going to retired yet. He wants to carry on _____. A. to work B. work C. works D. working 10. Hello! Fancy _____ you here! What a surprise! A. to see B. seeing C. seen D. See 11. I can’t bear ______this dirty room. A. seeing B. to see C. seen D. saw 12. Something _______ immediately to prevent teenagers from _______ in factories and mines. A. should be done / being exploited B. we should do / exploiting C. should do I be exploited D. should have done / exploited Exercise 17: Find the mistake: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Before to go out, you have to remember to turn off the computer. A B C D There’s something wrong with my computer. It may need to repair . A B C D Many scientists have tried to unlocking the genetic code. A B C D Would you mind give me a hand, I have a lot of things to do? A B C D You have to finished writing the report yourself. A B C D There comes my bus! I must go now. Don’t forget giving me a call. A B C D 7. Are you accustomed to hear airplanes over your house ? A B C D Exercise 18: Choose the best answer 1. Mr. Thomas does not allow people_____ in his office. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoked 2. We are not allowed _____ in that restricted area. A. to enter B. enter C. entering 3. I’ve put off _____ the letters so many times. I really must do it today. A. write B. to write C. written 4. He began ____ English 2 years ago. A. learn B. to learn C. learning 5. It takes 5 minutes _____ to the school. A. walk B. walking C. walked 6. My mother told me _______ hope. A. not to give up B. not to giving up C. not giving up 7. Mary was the last applicant _____ by that interviewer. A. to be interviewed B. to be interviewing C. to have interviewed 8. Huong never lets me _______ her books A. to borrow B. borrow C. borrowing 6. D. smoking D. to entered D. writing D. B and C D. to walk D. not give up D. to interview D. borrowed Exercise 19 1/ I’m worried _______ my final exam in statistics. A. about falling B. to fall C. with falling D. to fallure 2/ ________ the scholarship really surprised me . A. Mike got B. Mike getting C. Mike’s getting D. Mike gets 3/ Many northerners look forward _______ a garden in the spring . A. to plant B. to planting C. with planting D. to planting of 4/ “May I have a word with you ,Mrs. Adam ? ” – “ Is this in regard ______ late yesterday ?” A. of you coming B. to you coming C. to your coming D. of your coming 5/ Who is responsible _______ the garbage – the husband of the wife ? A. to take out B. for take out C. for taking out D. with taking out 6/ I think ________ at the train station will surprise Aunt Kate . A. your being B. you are C. you being D. you to be 7/ “ How do I turn on the T.V ? ” – “ _____ the button at the right .” A. From pushing B. By pushing C. You pushing D. To push 8/ “It’s difficult to make money as an artist .” – “ Have you considered _______ a course in business for artists ?” A. To take B. about taking C. your taking D. taking 9/ “ Why have you decided to go back to school ” – “ I’m tired _______ as a secretary .” A. for work B. to work C. of working D. about working 10/ “ We were opponents of the political regime in our country.” “ And that led to ____ to the United States thirty – five years ago .” A. us coming B. our coming C. come D us to come 11/ “Did you understand the solution to the calculus problem ?” – “ Not very well . Dr Baker’s ______ was complicated .” A. explain B. explaining C. explanation D. explained 12/ “ How do you like American food ?” – “ Well, it’s not bad . Now I _______ hamburgers .” A. used to eat B. am used to eat C. used to eating D. am used to eating 13/ We insisted ___________ by the manager . A. to be seen B. to see C. on being seen D. on seeing 14/ _______ for director must have surprised you . A. Your being nominated B. You nominated C. Your nominating D. You’re being nominated 15/ “ What are you reading ?” – “ It’s a magazine article ______ your own furniture .” A. to make it B. about make C. about making D. for make 16/ ______ a foreign language well is a long process. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learning D. Having learned 17/ What do you enjoy _______ in your free time ? A. doing B. do C. to do D. done 18/ You can’t go to England without _________ to Bucking ham Palace . A. go B. being gone C. to go D. going 19/ Would you mind not ___________ ? A. to be smoking B. to smoke C. smoking D. smoke 20/ She was worried about ________ by thieves. A. being robbed B. robbing C. being rob D. be robbing Exercise 20 1/ I can’t afford _______ you any more money . A. borrowing B. to borrow C. to lend D. my lending 2/ The teacher encouraged _______ good compositions . A. us write B. us to write C. us writing D. us to writing 3/ “ Stacey seems like a bright student .” - “ She’s always the first ________ her work.” A. to finish B. finishing C. to being finished with D. to be finish with / Please ask the restaurant clientele ________ in the no smoking area . A. don’t smoke B. not to smoke C. not smoking D. don’t to smoke 5/ “Why have you given up your job ? ” – “ ______ on my present salary is impossible .” A. For me to live B. To live for me C. Me living D. I live 6/ “What’s wrong with Henry ? ” – “ He needs __________” A. cheer up B. to be cheer up C. cheering up D. to cheered up 7/ “Why are you mad ?” – “ I dislike ________ by my first name .” A. you call B. you to call me C. your calling me D. you call me 8/ “ Which baseball team do you support ?” – “ We’d like ________” A. the Tigers win B. That the Tigers win C. the Tigers will win D. the Tigers to win 9/ “ May I help you ?” – “ Yes , I need someone _______ the tire on my car .” A. change B. to change C. changing D. to be changed 10/ “I heard Fred is going to work for the ambassader . ” – “ Yes , he was lucky _______ such a good job.” A. to give B. about getting C. to be given D. to be giving 11/ Can you get the teacher ______ us less homework ? A. give B. giving C. to give D. her giving 12/ “ Mary hasn’t been feeling well lately .” – “ Yes, we want _________ by a doctor .” A. him to examine B. that he be examined C. him to be examined D. he is examined 13/ “ How did you travel so cheaply in Europe ? ” – “ We reduced our expenses by taking the train and _____ in inexpensive restaurants . ” A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate 14/ “ Your homemade ice cream is so good . What’s your secret ?” – “ _____ good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream .” A. For make B. to make C. Making D. Make 15/ “ I’d like to go bowling tonight .” “ Don’t forget we’ve already made plans _______ to dinner at the Caihouns’ ” A. to go B. going C. for go D.go Why are you mad , Katherine ?” – “ That traffic jam _____ be late .” A. made us B. caused us C. had us to D. forced us 17/ “ My mother says I can’t marry Jim” – “ She should let ______ your own mind.” A. you make up B. that you make up C. you to make up D. you making up 18/ I can’t open the top of this apple juice .“ – “ ________ it.” A. Mark have to do B. Make Mark to do C. Have Mark do D. Have Mark done 19/ I can hear a cat ______ at the widow . A. scratching B. scratches C. to scrath D. was scratching 20/ “ Why do the police want to talk to you ?” – “ Because we saw the money _____ last night.” a. stealing b. been stolen c. stole d. stolen Exercise 22 1. I enjoy ------------ to the park on summer evenings. A. to go B. going C. being gone D. go 2. Don’t forget ------------ home as soon as you arrive at your destination. A. to call B. calling C. having called D. to be called 3. When I kept getting unwanted calls, I called the phone company and had my phone number -----------. The process was easier than I expected it to be. A. change B. changed C. to change D. changing 4. Jean should seriously consider ---------- an actress. She is a very talented performer. A. to become B. become C. becoming D. will become 5. ---- television to the exclusion of all other activities si not a healthy habit for a growing child. A. To be watched B. Being watched C. Watching D. Watch 6. After their children had grown up. Mr. and Mrs. Sills decided ------------- to a condominium in the city. They’s never been sorry. A. to have moved B. moving C. move D. to move 7. I truly appreciated ------------ to give the commencement address, but I wasn’t able to accept the honor because of a previous commitment. A. asking B. to have asked C. to ask D. having been asked The store manager caught the cashier ------------ money from the cash register and promptly called the police. They discovered that it had been going on for a long time. A. to sneak B. sneaking C. to have sneaked D.being sneaked 9. My roommate’s handwriting is very bad, so he had me ---his paper for him last night. A. to type B. type C. to have typed D. boil 10. The municipal authorities advised --------- all drinking water during the emergency. A. to boil B. to be boiled C. boiling D. boil 11. If we leave now for our trip, we can drive half the distance before we stop --- lunch. A. having B. to have C. having had D. for having 12. Our schedule is not working out. We should discuss ----------- our daily routine. I don’t feel as though we’re getting enough accomplished . A. changing B. to change C. to have changed D.being changed 13. I can’t recall ----------- that old movie, but maybe I did many years ago. A. having seen B. to have seen C. to see D. having been seen 14. Our school basketball team won the championship game by ------- two points in the last five seconds. It was the most exciting game I have ever attended. A. being scored B. to score C. scoring D. score 15. The flight attendants made all the passengers ------ their seat belts during the turbulence. A. to buckle B. to have buckled C. buckling D. buckle 16. It has become necessary --------- water in the metropolitan area because of the severe drought. A. rationing B. ration C. to have fationed D. to ration 17. You can’t blame Ralph for -------------- to eat that dessert. It looked delicious. A. to be tempted B. tempted C. be tempted D. having been tempted 18. Let’s leave early, so we’ll be ahead of the rush of commuters. We can’t risk ------------ in heavy traffic during rush hour. A. holding up B. being held up C. having held up D. to hold up 19. It is always interesting ------- people in airprots while you’re waiting for a flight A. being observed B. observe C. to have observed D. to observe 20. I got everyone in the family -------- Jane’s birthday card before I sent it to her. A. sign B. signed C. to sign D. having signed PASSIVE VOICE ( CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG ) I. Form: Active: Passive: S + V + O + ……. S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + …… Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend. S V O Passive: The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend. S be V3/ed by II. CÁCH ĐỔI ACTIVE VOICE SANG PASSIVE VOICE Ex: Active sentence: Passive sentence: Peter took this book yesterday This book was taken by Peter yesterday Trong câu chủ động: - Peter → Subj ; took → động từ chính (Past simple) - this book → Obj; yesterday → trạng từ chỉ thời gian Trong câu bi động: - Obj ( this book) → Subj ; Subj ( Peter) →by Obj - took (động từ chính) → taken (V3 / VoED - Past participle) - thêm was vì động từ chính (took) đang chia thì Past simple A. Tổng quát: Active sentence: Subj + V + Passive sentence: Subj + BE Obj + V3 / VoED(động từ chính) + by Obj 1- Chuyển: Obj ---> Subj; Subj ----> by Obj (Có thể bỏ nếu by Obj không cần thiết) 2-Thêm BE và chia thì tương ứng với thì câu chủ động. Nghĩa là: Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì “ To Be” phải chia ở thì đó). Như vậy: trong câu bị động “ To Be” có vai trò chia thì, Động từ chính có chức năng như một tính từ mang nghĩa bị động (không chia thì) 3- Chuyển động từ chính sang ---> V3 hoặc Vo ED. B. Cụ thể như sau: Xác định Subj, Obj, Verb của câu chủ động (trong động từ phải xác định cho được thì và động từ chính của câu chủ động) 2. Chuyển: Obj ---> Subj; Subj ----> by Obj (Có thể bỏ by him/them/me/you/people/ someone : nếu không cần thiết). - Nếu Subj của câu chủ động là danh từ chỉ vật liệu, dụng cụ ---> câu bị động thay by bằng with + Obj. Ex: Moss is covering this wall ---> This wall is being covered with moss - Nếu Subj của câu chủ động là: nothing, no one, nobody ---> câu bị động bỏ by Obj và ở thể phủ định. Ex: No one helps me ---> I am not helped. 3. Chuyển động từ chính sang ---> V3 hoặc Vo ED. (Động từ chính có chức năng như một tính từ mang nghĩa bị động-không chia thì) 4. Thêm BE và chia tương ứng với thì của câu chủ động (Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì To be phải chia ở thì đó ) 5. Giữ lại động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verb) trong câu bị động nếu có. Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to, ... Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should...+ Vo + object →Passive: S + will/would, shall/should... + be + V3 / Vo ED (+ by object). Ex: Police will destroy these drugs. → These drugs will be destroyed by police. 6. Đặt trạng từ chỉ thể cách (adj + ly) trước Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) nếu có. Ex: People use English widely → English is widely used 7. Giữ nguyên giới từ sau Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) nếu có. 8. Đặt trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn trước BY, trạng từ chỉ thời gian sau BY nếu có. Place + by Obj + Time Ex: Mr Pike built this school in my village last year. → This school was built in my village by Mr Pike last year 9. Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) as an Adjective, do đó động từ theo sau hầu hết là To infinitive. Ex: She makes me cry → I am made to cry III. NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP PASSIVE VOICE ĐẶC BIỆT 1-Causative form(thể truyền khuyến): a/Active voice: -S + Have + Obj(chỉ người) + Vo. Ex: I have him repair my bicycle. -S + Get + Obj (chỉ người) + to infi. Ex: I get him to repair my bicycle. b/Passive voice: -S + Have/Get + Obj (chỉ vật) + V3 / Vo ED. Ex: I have/get my bicycle repaired by him. 2. Sau những động từ chỉ ý kiến (verb of opinion): say, think , believe, report, rumour, know, consider, claim Active: S1+ verb1 ( say/ believe/ think....) (that) +S2+ verb2... Passive: Cách 1: It + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + S2 + verb 2 .... Cách 2: S2 + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + to-infinitive (verb 2) / to have + V3 / Vo ED (verb 2) nếu V1 khác thì V2 Ex: People say that he was crazy. → Cách 1: It is said that he was crazy or → Cách 2: He is said to have been crazy.( to have been vì say và was khác thì) . Ex: People say that money brings happiness → Cách 1: It is said that money brings happiness → Cách 2: Money is said to bring happiness.( Dùng to bring vì say và bring cùng thì) 3. Sau những động từ chỉ giác quan(verb of perception): see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch, notice, make, help, bid. Ex: I hear him come in ---> He is heard to come in (nếu câu chủ động là coming thì giữ nguyên trong câu bị động). 4. Imperative(câu mệnh lệnh): Ex: a. Open the door ---> Let the door be opened. b. They let him go out ---> He was allowed to go out / He was let to go out. 5. Sau những động từ: like, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, hope. Ex: He wants KHA to take photographs→ He wants photographs to be taken by KHA. Ex: He does not like people laughing at him. --> He does not like being laughed at. 6. Các động từ: advise, agree, insist, arrange, suggest, propose, recommend, determine, decide, demand, beg, urge, order, request. Ex: He advised me to accept this job Cách 1: He advised me this job should be accepted. → Cách 2: I was advised to accept this job. 7- Need + to be + V3 / Vo ED = Need + Voing Ex: Your shirt needs to be ironed / Your shirt needs ironing. 8- It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + V3 / Vo ED Ex: - It is important to finish this exercise. =>It is important for this exercise to be finished - It is necessary to copy this lesson => It is necessary for this lesson to be copied. - It is time to feed the chicken => It is time for the chicken to be fed. 9- Các trường hợp khác: Ex Please enter this way. ---> You are requested to enter this way. Dưới đây là vài ví dụ về cách thêm BE và chia tương ứng với thì của câu chủ động → S + am/is/are/ +V3 / Vo ED... a.The simple present: S + Vo/Ve/es Ex: She cleans the floor everyday. b.The present continuous: → Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday. S + am/ is/ are + Vo + ing → S + am/ is/ are + being + V3 / Vo ED... Ex: Mr.Baker is repairing the car →Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker. c.The present perfect: → S+ has/have + V3 / Vo ED S+ has/have + been + V3 / Vo ED Ex: Someone has stolen the bicycles → Passive: The bicycles have been stolen d.The simple past: → S + was/ were + V3 / Vo ED. S + Vo ED/ V2 Ex: Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed) →Passive: Where were the drugs found ? e.The past continuous: (S + was/ were + V-ing .... ) → S + was / were + being + V3 / Vo ED Ex: They were preparing lunch when I came there yesterday → Lunch was being prepared when I came there yesterday. f. The past perfect: S+ had + V3 / Vo ED → S+ had been + V3 / Vo ED Ex: She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm. → Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m g- Who + V + object ...... ? Ex: Passive: - By whom..... ? - Who...... by ? Who wrote this novel ? → Passive: - By whom was this novel written ? hoặc: Who was this novel written by ? Exercise 1: Passive and Active voice 1. People drink a great deal of tea in England. 2. Tom was writing two poems. 3. She often takes her dog for a walk. 4. People speak English all over the world. 5. A group of students have met their friends at the railway station. 6. They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home. 7. The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow. 8. How many trees did they cut down to build that fence? 9. This well-known library attracts many people. 10. My mother used to make us clean the house. 11. He likes people to call him “Sir”. 12. They are going to have someone repair their car 13. People say that he is intelligent. 14. He can’t repair my bike. 15. Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock. 16. Mr. Smith has taught us French for 2 years. 17. They didn’t look after the children properly. 18. Nobody swept this street last week. 19. How many lessons are you going to learn next month? 20. You need to do this work. Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences in the passive: 1. They will construct some new airports on islands. …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. The new president might fulfill this promise as quickly as people would like. …………………………………………………………………………………… 3. They are going to find out the mystery. …………………………………………………………………………………… 4. You can buy videos like this one anywhere. …………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Someone will tell you when you go in to see the doctor. 6. They should have finished the hotel by the time you arrive. …………………………………………………………………………………… 7. Someone has to write the history of the European Community one day. …………………………………………………………………………………… 8. When is someone going to announce the results of the contest? …………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Where will your company send you next year? …………………………………………………………………………………… 10. They ought to have reported the accident to the police. …………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with the given words, active or passive 1. Chris has good news. The engineering firm where she had an interview yesterday (may + offer) ………………………….. her a job soon. 2. Good news! I (may + offer) ………………………….. a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday. 3. You (should + open) ………………….. the wine about three hours before you use it. 4. You (mustn’t + move) …………………………..this man; he is too ill. He (will + have to + leave) ………………………….. here. 5. You (must + take) …………………………..those books back to the library yesterday. 6. We tried, but the window (couldn’t + open) …………………………… 7. You (must + keep) ………………………….. meat in a refrigerator or it will spoil. 8. I (had better + wash) ……………….. my clothes today, or they will be very smelly. 9. Someone (should + tell) ………………………….. James the news immediately. 10. This application (be supposed to + send) ………….. to the personnel department soon. Exercise 4: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence. 1. I shouldn’t ………. so much coffee last night. I was wide awake till four in the morning. A. drink B. drank C. be drunk D. have drunk 2. The profits are supposed …………………. among the shareholders. A. to divide B. to be divided C. dividing D. being divided 3. When you are on duty, your uniform must …………………. at all times. A. wear B. be wear C. be worn D. be wearing 4. You promised her a letter; you ought to …………………. days ago. A. write B. be writing C. have written D. be written 5.After the test papers …………………. to the students in class tomorrow, the students …………………. their next assignment. A. will return – will be given B. will be returned – are given C. are returning – are giving D. are returned – will be given 6. The class for next semester is too large. It ought to …………………. in half. A. be divided B. divide C. have divided D. have been divided 7. The entire valley can …………………. from their mountain home. A. see B. be seen C. being seen D. sees 8. He is wearing a gold ring on his fourth finger. He must…………………. A. have been married B. be married C. marry D. have married 9. A child should …………………. everything he or she wants. A. gives B. give C. have been given D. be given 10. Your daughter has a good voice. Her interest in singing …………………. encouraged. A. should be B should C. be D. have 11. I found this book on my desk when I came to class. It must ……. by one of the students in earlier class. A. be left B. have been left C. leave D. have left 12. You had better ………………….your chores before Mom gets home. A. be finished B. have finished C. have been finished D. finish 13. These books will have to …………………. to the library tomorrow. A. return B. have returned C. being returned D. be returned 14. Ann’s birthday was on the 5th, and now it’s already the 8th. Her birthday card …. a week ago. A. will be sent B. can be sent C. should have been sent D. should have sent 15. You …………………. me to Dr. Gray. We’ve already met. A. don’t have to introduce B. mustn’t be introduced C. shouldn’t introduce D. mustn’t introduce 16. Bill ………………….Ann to the party tomorrow. A. will be invited B. will invite C. will have invited D. will have been invited. 17. A new hospital ………………….in this area. A. are going to be built B. builds C. is going to be built D. is going to build 18. Mike …………………. What’s going on in his English class. A. can’t understand B. can’t be understood C. could have understood D. could have been understood 19. Our test papers ………………….by our teachers now. A. are marking B. are being marked C. will mark D. will be marked 20. ………………….the birds in your garden at three o’clock yesterday afternoon? A. Did you feed B. Were you fed C. Were you being fed D. Were you feeding Exercise 5: Multiple choices 1. Many U.S. automobiles --------------- in Detroit, Michigan. A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing 2. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle ----------- last night. A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole 3. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing ------------ by waiting. A. will be accomplished B. accomplished C. has accomplished D. accomplishes 4.” When ----------? “ - In 1928 A. penicillin was discovered B. did penicillin discovered C. was penicillin discovered D. did penicillin discover 5. The rescuers ---------- for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers. A. were praised B. praised C. were praising D. praising 6. Vitamin C ---------- by the human body. It gets into the bloods stream quickly. A. absorbs easily B. is easily absorbing C. is easily absorbed D. absorbed easily 7. Renoir is one of the most popular French impressionist painters. His paintings ---------- masterpieces all over the world. A. had considered B. are considering C. are considered D. consider 8. We can’t go along here because the road is ---------------. A. been repaired B. being repaired C. repaired D. repairing 9. More than 50 films --------------- in HCMC since June. A. were shown B. had been shown C. have been shown D. have shown 10. George is --------------- Lisa. A. marry with 11. 12. B. marry to C. married with D. married to Somebody cleans the room every day. A. The room every day is cleaned B. The room is every day cleaned C. The room is cleaned every day D. The room is cleaned by somebody every day They cancelled all flights because of fog. A. All flights because of fog were cancelled. B. All flights were cancelled because of fog. C. All flights were because of fog cancelled D.All flights were cancelled by them because of fog 13. 14. People don't use this road very often. A. This road is not used very often B. Not very often this road is not used C. This road very often is not used D. This road not very often is used Somebody accused me of stealing money. A. I was accused by somebody of stealing money. B. I was accused of stealing money C. I was accused of stealing money by somebody D. I was accused stealing money. 15. 16. 17. How do people learn languages? A. How are languages learned? B. How are languages learned by people? C. How languages are learned? D. Languages are learned how? People warned us not to go out alone. A. We were warned not going out alone B. We were warned not to go out alone by people. C. We weren't warned to go out alone. D. We were warned not to go out alone. Somebody is using the computer at the moment. A. The computer is being used at the moment. B. The computer at the moment is being used. C. The computer is being used by somebody at the moment. D. The computer is used at the moment. 18. I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation. A. I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded. B. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded. C. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone. D. Our conversation wasn't realized to be recorded. 19. We found that they had cancelled the game. A. We found that the fame had been cancelled. B. The game had been cancelled. C. We found that the game had been cancelled by them. D. The game were found to be cancelled. 20. They are building a new highway around the city. A. A new highway is being built around the city. B. A new highway is being built around the city by them C. A new highway around the city is being built. D. Around the city a new highway is being built. Exercise 6 : Choose the best answer 1. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It __________of cotton. A. be made B. are made C .is made D. made 2. The boy_____ by the teacher yesterday. A. punish B. punished C. punishing D. was punished 3. ________________ yet? A. Have the letters been typed B. Have been the letters typed C. Have the letters typed D. Had the letters typed 4. His car needs ________. A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed 5. It's a pity but nothing ______________be done to improve the situation. A. may B. should C. can D. has to 6. He was made__________smoking. A. give up B gave up C. to give up D. giving up 7. We had a French architect ______________ our villa. A. to design B. designing C. designed D. design 8. This car _____________. A. was manufactured in Japan by Toyota last year. B. was manufactured by Toyota in last year in Japan C. was manufactured last year in Japan by Toyota D. last year was manufactured by Toyota in Japan 9. Some film stars...................difficult to work with A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be 10. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy........................at A. be laughed B. to be laughed C. laughing D. being laughed Exercise 7: Find out the mistake: 1. When I have been finished my work, I’m going to take a walk. A B C D 2. English is believe to be an international language A B C D 3. He was seen go to the beach with some other people. A B C D 4. We can’t go along here because the road is repairing A B C D 5. I remember to be taken to the zoo when I was a child. A B C D 6. The robbers arrested by the police last week have just escaped from the prison. A B C D 7. That actress has had her dresses make there. A B C D Exercise 8: Choose the best answer 1. People say that playing football is the most interesting A. The most important thing is playing football B. It was said that playing football to be the most interesting C. It is said that playing football is the most interesting D. Playing football is said to be the most interesting 2. People say that he died in the accident A. It was said that he was died in the accident B. It is said that he was died in the accident C. He is said to have died in the accident D. He is said to die in the accident 3 Have they changed the window of the laboratory? A. Has the window changed of the laboratory? B. Has the window of the laboratory changed? C. Has the window of the laboratory been changing? D. Has the window of the laboratory been changed? 4. Tom bought that book yesterday. A. That book was bought yesterday by Tom B. That book was bought by Tom yesterday C. That book yesterday was bought by Tom D. That book bought yesterday by Tom 5. They have to hold the meeting in this narrow room. A. The meeting had to be hold in this narrow room. B. The meeting has to be hold in this narrow room. C.The meeting has to be holded in this narrow room D. The meeting has to be held in this narrow room. 6. No one has cleaned the floor for weeks. A. The floor hasn’t been cleaned for weeks. B. The floor has been cleaned by someone for weeks. C. The floor haven’t cleaned for weeks. D. The floor are had cleaned for weeks 7. The teacher is going to tell a story. A. A story is going to be told by the teacher. B. A story is going to tell by the teacher. C. A story be told by the teacher. D. A story is going to tell the teacher. 8. Someone was cleaning the room when I arrived. A. The room cleaned when I arrived. B. The room was being cleaned when I arrived C. The room was cleaned when I arrived. D. The room was cleaning when I arrived 9. We will finish the report in time. A. The report will finish in time. B. The report will be finish in time. C. The report will be finished in time. D. The report is finished in time Exercise 9 : Change into the passive voice 1. I need to wash my car. My car_____________________________________. 2. They have just built a new primary school in my village. A new primary school_________________________________ 3. They are painting the kitchen now. The kitchen______________________________________. 4. They know that the prisoner escaped from the jail. The prisoner _____________________________________. 5. People say that the wanted man is living in New York It _____________________________________. 6. They didn’t allow him write a letter to his wife. He _____________________________________. Exercise 10. Multiple choice: 1. The telephone ______________ by Alexander Graham Bell. A. invented B. is inventing C. be invented 2. Mr. Pike ____________the most famous archaeologist in our city. A. says to be B. is said to be C. is said that 3. Many people believe that God created the world. A. It believes that God created the world. B. The world is believed God created. C. God is believed to create the world. D. God is believed to have created the world. 4. _________to be the richest man in the USA. A. Bill Gates B. Bill Gates says C. Bill Gates is D. was invented C. said to be D. Bill Gates is said 5. John is said to have been stolen the money. A. It is said that John steals the money. B. It is said that John was stolen money. C. People said John was stolen the money D. People say that John steals the money 6. It is said that many people are homeless after the floods. A. Many people say to be homeless after the floods. B. Many people said are homeless after the floods. C. Many people are said to be homeless after the floods. D. Many people are said to have been homeless after the floods. 7. They think visiting the pyramids is interesting. A. The pyramids are thought interesting to be visited. B. It is thought the pyramids are visited interesting. C. Visiting the pyramids is thought to be interesting. D. Visiting the pyramids is thought to have been interesting. 8. The skyscraper is said to have been built in 1930. A. They said the skyscraper was built in 1930. B. It was said that the skyscraper was built in 1930. C. They are said the skyscraper is built in 1930. D. It is said that the skyscraper was built in 1930. 9. They predict that a heavy storm will come in the area. A. A heavy storm is predicted to have come in the area. B. It is predicted that a heavy storm would come in the area. C. A heavy storm is predicted to come in the area. D. It is predicted that a heavy storm came in the area. 10. _________how the ancient Egyptian carried such heavy blocks of stone. A. People do not know B. People have not been known C. It has not known D. It has not known 11. John ______________The Great Pyramid of Giza. A. said to have been visited B. is said to have visited C. is said to have been visited D. said to have visited. 12. People say that six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world were destroyed. A. It was said that six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world were destroyed. B. Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world were said to be destroyed. C. Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world are said to have destroyed. D. Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world are said to have been destroyed. 13. It is believed that a buried treasure was hidden in the tomb. A. They believed that a buried treasure was hidden in the tomb. B. A buried treasure is believed that was hidden in the tomb. C. A buried treasure is believed to hide in the tomb. D. A buried treasure is believed to have been hidden in the tomb. 14. George ____________another trip to Greece. A. is said to be planned B. said to be planned C. said to be planning D. is said to be planning 15. _____________ some precious things stolen from that ancient tomb. A. People knew that he buys B. It was known that he has bought C. They knew that he has bought D. They know that he bought 16. The X-ray____________ in 1895. A. is said to have been discovered B. is said to be discovered C. said to have been discovered D. said to discover 17. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony______________ next weekend. A. is going to be performed B. has been performed C. will be performing D. will have performed 18. I hate_____________ personal questions by newly-acquainted friends A. to be asking B. be asked C. being asked D. of asking 19. Reagan__________ an actor years ago. A. is said to be B. was said being C. was said have been D. is said to have been 20. It__________ that learning a foreign language__________ a lot of time. A. says / is taken B. is saying / has been taken C. is said / takes D. was said / was taken. 21. The trees________________. A. were grown by John yesterday in the backyard B. were grown in the backyard yesterday by John C. were grown in the backyard by John yesterday D. in the backyard were grown yesterday by John 22. __________________yet? A. Have the letters been typed B. Have been the letters typed C. Have the letters typed D. Had the letters typed 23. English has become a second language in some countries where __________for administration, broadcasting and education. A. is used B. it is used C. used D. being used 24. ___________ the room been cleaned yet? A. Have B. Has C. Did D. Was 25. Lots of houses_____________ by the earthquake. A. are destroying B. destroyed C. were destroying D. were destroyed 26. In the US, the first stage of compulsory education ________ as elementary education. A. to be generally known B. is generally known C. generally known D. is generally knowing 27. Education_________ to be the most important element to develop a country. A. often be considered B. can often consider C. often considers D. can often be considered 28. Portuguese___________ as an official language in this city for three hundred years. A. has always been spoken B. has been spoken always C. has always spoken D. had always spoken 29. More than ten victims____________ missing in the storm last week. A. are reported to be B. are reported to have been C. are reporting to have been D. are reporting to be. 30. This car_____________________. A. was manufactured in Japan by Toyota last year. B. was manufactured by Toyota in Japan last year. C. was manufactured last year in Japan by Toyota. D. last year was manufactured in Japan by Toyota. 31. I have my teeth checking by the dentist. A B C D 32. These pills should be take every four hours. A B C D 33. The letter should been delivered in the afternoon. A B C D 34. The mail has sent to the wrong address. A B C D 35. They were questioning by the police. A B C D Exercise 11. Writing: 1. People say that prevention is better than cure. It -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. People suppose that Michael eats spiders. Michael ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. It is expected that the strike will end soon. The strike -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. The manager must sign the cheque. The cheque ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. They haven’t seen their younger son for three weeks. The younger son ------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. They asked me some questions at the interview. I --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. Nobody told me about the meeting. I wasn’t ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. Have you fed the chickens yet? Have the chickens --------------------------------------------------------------------------9. They didn’t give me the information I needed. I -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. I never hear him shout at the children. He -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. My parents made me learn harder for the final test. I ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. No one has used that door for 20 years. That door --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. They showed his photograph on television. His photograph ------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. I don’t want people to make me a fool. I don’t want to --------------------------------------------------------------------------------15. She dislikes people shouting at her. She dislikes being -------------------------------------------------------------------------Exercise 12 1. Many U.S. automobiles --------------- in Detroit , Michigan. A. manufacture B. have manufactured C.are manufactured D.are manufacturing C. stolen D. stole 2. I still can’t believe it ! My bicycle ----------- last night. A. was stolen B. was stealing 3. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing ------------ by waiting. A.will be accomplished B. accomplished C. has accomplished D. accomplishes 4.” When ----------? “ - In 1928 A. penicillin was discovered B. did penicillin discovered C. was penicillin discovered D. did penicilin discover 5. The rescuers ---------- for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers. A. were praised B. praised C. were praising D. praising 6. Vitamin C ---------- by the human body . It gets into the bloods stream quickly. A. absorbs easily B. is easily absorbing C. is easily absorbed D. absorbed easily 7. Renoir is one of the most popular French impressionist painters. His paintings ---------- masterpieces all over the world. A. had considered B. are considering C. are considered D. consider 8. We can’t go along here because the road is ---------------. A. been repaired B. being repaired C. repaired D. repairing 9. More than 50 films --------------- in HCMC since June A. were shown B. had been shown C. have been shown D.have shown C. married with D. married to C. have been D. will have 10. George is --------------- Lisa. A. marry with B. marry to 11. DNA tests ------------ accepted in our court cases. A. are known B. were used 12. The child’s arm was swoolen because he -------- by a bee. A. had being stung B. had stung C. stung D. had been stung. C. is known D. knowed 13. Mr wilson is ----------- as Willie to his friend. A known B. knew 14. If you ----------- by the police for speeding , what would you do ? A. stopped B. are stopped C. was stopped D.were stopped B. to be fixing C. to be fixed D.fixed C. are expected D. was expected 15. His car needs ---------. A. be fixed 16. It ------------ that the strike will end soon. A. is expected B. expected 17. These tennis courts don’t ----------- very often . Not many people want to play. A. got used B. used C. get used D. get use 18. Each word in our mental dictionaries ---------- with its unique sound and meaning. A. must store B. must be stored C. must is stored D. must to be stored C. must to be followed D must be followed 19. These instructions ----------- precisely. A. must follow B. must followed 20. Tuition and fees --------- if a student withdraws after the fifteenth day of the team. A. not refunded B. will not be refunded C. will be not refunded D. will not refund C. use to punish D. used to be punished 21. When I was a child , I ------------ by my parents. A. used to punished B. use to be punished 22.An international conference --------------- in Hanoi next week. A. will held B. will be hold C is going to hold D. will be held C.will has to be changed D.will have to change C. has been just told D.had been just told. C. should have been given D.must have given C.was believed D. is considered 23. The day of the meeting ------------------ again. A. will change B. will be changed 24. Mary ----------- about our change in plans. A. has told B. has just been told 25.These books ------------------------ back to the library. A. should have given B should give 26. The earth----------- to be flat. A. believed B. is believed 27.He is rumoured to --------------- on the way home. A. have attacked B. be attacked C attacked D. have been attacked 28. The flight to Hanoi-------------- because of the bad weather. A. can postpone B. will postpone C.can be postponed D. can be postpone 29. Had there been your presence, everything ----------------- carefully. A. would have arranged B. would have been arranged C. would be arranged D.will be arranged 30. A new hospital ----------------- in this area soon. A. is going to build B.is going to be build C.is going to be built D. will build C. are threaten D. are threatened 31.Many species of rare animals --------------- seriously. A. is endangered B. are in danger 32. The girl ----------------------- is now in hospital. A. who injured in the accident B. was injured in the accident. C. who was injured in the accident D. whom she injured. 33.The robbers attacked the police from behind. A. The police was attacked from behind. B. The police were attacked from behind. C. The robbers were attacked from behind D. The robbers are attacked from behind 34. They have to hold the meeting in this narrow room. A. The meeting had to be hold in this narrow room. B.The meeting has to be hold in this narrow room. C.The meeting has to be holded in this narrow room D. The meeting has to be held in this narrow room. 35. They showed his photograph on television. A. On television they had his photograph shown. B. His photograph was shown on television. C. His photograph is being shown on television D. The television was shown his photograph. 36. They began to build the bridge two months ago. A. The bridge was begun to build two months ago. B. The bridge was begun to be built two months ago. C. The bridge began to build two months ago. D. The bridge began to be built two months ago. 37. They saw him searching the truck. A. He is seen searching the truck. B. He is seen to search the truck. C. He was seen searching the truck D. He was being seen searching the truck. 38.His parents made him do it. A. He was made do it. B. He was made to do it. C. He made his parents to do it D. His parents were made do it. 39. The barber has cut my hair. A. My hair has already been cut now. B. I’ve got to have the barber cut my hair. C.My hair has become shorter and shorter D. I’ve had my hair cut. 40.People say that the American women are used to living independently means A. It is said that the American women are used to living independently. B.The American women are said to be used to living independently. C.The American women are said they be used to live independently. D.A & B are correct 41.People think that he was born in a rich family. A. That is thought he was born in a rich family. B. He was thought to be born in a rich family. C. That he was born in a rich family is thought. D. He is thought to have been born in a rich family. 42. It is impossible to do this work right now. A. It is impossible for this work to be done right now. B. It is impossible for to be done this work right now. C. This work is impossible to do right now. D. This work is impossible to be done 43. Close the windows of the room. A. Let the windows of the room to be closed B. Let the windows of the room be closed. C. The windows of the room are closed. D. The windows of the room will be closed. 44. They said that the president had arrived in the city. A. The president was said to have arrived in the city. B. It is said that the president had arrived in the city. C. The president was said to arrive in the city. D. It was said that the president arrived in the city. 45. He expects that his father will come back home. A. It was expected that his father will come back home. B. His father was expected to be come back home. C. His father will be expected to come back home. D. His father is expected to come back home. 46.Further tests / going / done / drug / soon A. Further tests are going to done on the drug soon. B. Further tests are going to do on the drug soon. C.Further tests are going to be done on the drug soon. D. Further tests are going to be done the drug soon. 47. This book / ought/ read/ on the spot. A. This book ought be read on the spot. B. This book ought to been read on the spot. C.This book ought to be read on the spot D. This book ought to have been read on the spot. 48.We / believe/ human life / can/ prolong / drug. A. We believe that human life can prolong by the drug B. We believe that human life can be prolonged by the drug. C.We believe that human life could be prolonged by the drug. D. We are believed that human life can be prolonged by the drug. 49. Our plan / might / cancel / due / lack of funds. A. Our plan might be cancelled due to lack of funds. B.Our plan might be cancel due to lack of fund C. Our plan might cancelled due to lack of funds D. Our plan might cancel due to lack of funds. 50. This car / need / wash / before / I / use / tomorrow. A.This car needs to washed before I use it tomorrow B.This car needs to be washed before it is used tomorrow. C. This car needs washing before it uses tomorrow. DThis car needs to be washing before it is used tomorrow. RELATIVE CLAUSES & REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES A. RELATIVE CLAUSES - Mệnh đề quan hệ (hay mệnh đề tính ngữ) bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó. - Mệnh đề quan hệ được đặt sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa, được bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, và trạng từ quan hệ: WHERE, WHY, WHEN. Danh từ đứng trước Chủ ngữ (Subject) Tân ngữ Sở hữu cách (Object) (Possesive Case) Whom/That Whose (Antecedent) Người (person) Vật (Thing) Who/That Which/That Which/That Of which/ whose 1. Đại từ quan hệ (Relative Clauses) a. WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ từ trong MĐQH. Ex: - I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend’s son. I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son. - The woman is standing over there. She is my sister. The woman who is standing over there is my sister. b. WHO/ WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong MĐQH. Ex:- I know the girl. I spoke to this girl. I know the girl who/ whom I spoke to. - The man is my teacher. Your father is talking to him. The man who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher. c. WHICH: - thay thế đồ vật, làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH. Ex: - She works for a company. It makes cars She works for a company which makes cars. - The elephants are big. People keep the elephants in iron cages. The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big. - Thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó Ex: He passed his exam. This pleased his parents. He passed his exam, which pleased his parents. (dùng dấu phẩy trước đại từ quan hệ) d. THAT: thay thế cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH trong MĐQH hạn định Ex: - I need to meet the boy that/ who is my friend’s son. - The woman that/ who is standing over there is my sister. - I know the girl that/ who/ whom I spoke to. - The man that/ who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher. She works for a company that/ which makes cars. - The elephants that/ which people keep in iron cages are big. * Những trường hợp thường dùng THAT: - Sau cụm từ quan hệ vừa chỉ người và vật: Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London. - Sau đại từ bất định: something, aynyone, nobody, all, much .... Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting. All that is mine is yours. - Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất, only, first, last Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have. - You are the only person that can help us. - Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính là …) Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence. (Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.) * Những trường hợp không dùng THAT: - Trong mệnh đề tính từ không hạn định. Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher. - Sau giới từ Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale. e. WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-). Ex: - John found the cat. Its leg was broken. John found the cat whose leg/(the leg of which) was broken. - This is the student. I borrowed his book. This is the student whose book I borrowed. f. OF WHICH / OF WHOM: Ex: - Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers. Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers. - He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them. He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer. g. Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính ngữ: (WHOM/WHICH) Ex: - The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night. The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast. - The house is for sale. I was born in it. The house in which I was born is for sale. * LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ. 2. Trạng từ quan hệ (Relative Adverbs) a. WHERE (in/ on/ at ... which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn Ex: - The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place. The movie theater is the place where we can see films. b. WHEN (in/ on which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian Ex: - Do you remember the day. We first met on that day. Do you remember the day when we first met? c. WHY (for which): thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do Ex: - Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason. Tell me the reason why you are so sad. CÓ 2 LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ LIÊN HỆ: RESTRICTIVE & NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES I. Restrictive Relative Clauses: - Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước chưa được xác định rõ, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính sẽ không rõ nghĩa. Ex: - I saw the girl. She helped us last week. I saw the girl who/that helped us last week. * LƯU Ý: Ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT khi chúng làm tân ngữ trong MĐQH hạn định. II. Non-restritive Relative Clauses: - Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đã được xác định rõ (nó chỉ là phần giải thích thêm), nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính vẫn rõ nghĩa. - Mệnh đề này ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy. - Ta dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định khi: + Trước đại từ quan hệ có: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/… + Từ trước đại từ quan hệ là tên riêng, danh từ riêng, vật duy nhất, cụm trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn Ex: - My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old. My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor. - Mr. Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him. Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher. - The sun made the traveller thirsty. It was hot at midday. The sun, which was hot at midday, made the traveller thirsty - The boys in the next room are my students. They are making noise. The boys in the next room, who are making noise, are my students. * LƯU Ý: + KHÔNG được bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong MĐQH không hạn định. EXERCISE 1 : Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun. 1. The girl is my cousin. She chatted with you yesterday. ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 2. The man is very kind. He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 3. The architect designed these flats. He has moved to HCM City. ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 4. The young boy is naughty. He rides an expensive motorbike. ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 5. I’m reading the book. I bought it in 1996. ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 6. Do you know the man? He is sharing the flat with me. ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 7. The young man is Ba’s brother. He is talking to our teacher. ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 8. We visited the monument. It was built a hundred years ago. ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 9. The boys are interested in the game. It is a popular game all over the world. ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 10. You have no need to tell me the reason. You are often late for work for that reason. ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 11. We visited the people. They are homeless after the flood. ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 12. I don’t like the films. They have unhappy ending. ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 13. I know the man. His son broke your windows. ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 14. The girl is very kind. Her parents work with me. ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 15. The village has around 200 people. The majority of them are farmers. ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 16. She hasn’t eat anything. This makes her parents worried. ………………………………………………….…………………………….. 17. The student is from China. He sits next to me. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 18. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 19. Mr. Pike is excellent. I am taking his course. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 20. Shakespeare wrote plays . People have enjoyed them for four centuries. ………………………………………………………………………………………… THE EXAMINATION ( 2010-2011 ) SUBJECT : ENGLISH 12 TIME ALLOTTED : 45 MINUTES Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words: 1. A. roughs B. ploughs C. coughs D. laughs 2. A. walked B. jumped C. missed D. started 3. A.July B.system C.easily D.study Pick out the word that has different stress from that of the other words 4. A. situation B. appropriate C. informality D. entertainment 5. A. discuss B. waving C. airport D. often Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one. 6. Most doctors and nurses have to work on a _______ once or twice a week at the hospital. A. solution B. night shift C. household chores D. special dishes 7. Many young people have objected to _______ marriage, which is decided by the parents of the bride and groom. A. agreed B. shared C. contractual D. sacrificed 8. It is _______ not to say "Thank you" when you are given something. A.small B.rude C. slight D. formal 9. To Vietnamese students, the _______examination to university is very difficult. A. require B. requirement C. requiring D. required 10. He has not been offered the job because he cannot meet the____of the company. A. requirements B. applicants C. information D. education 11. Qualifications and _______ are two most important factors that help you get a good job. A. politeness B. experience C. attention D. impression 12. There are several places where residents face the threat of _______ every day. A. terrorist B. terrorism C. terrorize D. terror 13. Emily said that her teacher _______ to London _______. A. will go / tomorrow B. went / tomorrow C. would go / the next day D. had gone / the next day 14. It’s the first time he ___________ a car. A. drives B. drove C. has driven D. had driven 15. They _________serving meals by the time we get to the restaurant. A. will stop B. stopped C. are stopping D. will have stopped 16. If I __________you were sick, I would have come to visit you sooner. A. had known B. have known C. would have known D. know 17. Do you remember Mr. Darnell, _________taught us English Literature ? A. who B. whom C. that D. which 18. The children slept well, despite ______ . A. it was noise B. the noise C. of the noise D. noisy 19. Despite the fact that ______ , we enjoyed our trip. A. the weather is bad B. it is a bad weather C. the bad weather D. the weather was bad 20. It’s no use_________ you didn’t know. A. pretending B. pretend C. to pretend D. pretended 21. Mary is very fond ___________.animals. She has three cats and two dogs. A. about B. since C. of D. between 22. I fell in ________love with him because of his kind nature. A. a B. the C. X D. an 23. Sally turned her report, ________________? A. doesn’t she B. did she C. hadn’t she D. didn’t she 24. He got a new alarm clock .................... he'd get up on time. A. although B. so that C. since D. so 25. They are _____ young _____ drive the car. A. so / that B. too / to C. enough / to D. not only / but also 26. . - “ Do you mind if I use your bike ?” - “ ____________.” A. Yes, you do. B. Yes. It’s my pleasure C. No, you don’t. D. No, You can use it. 27. -“ I’d like the blue jacket, please! Can I try it on?” _ “ _______” A.Yes, you would B.Yes, you must C.Yes, certainly D.Yes, you do 28. “What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary!” _ “___________” A. Thank you very much. I am afraid B. You are telling a lie C. Thank you for your compliment D. I don't like your sayings DE: L01 29. A: _____? –B: Once a week A. How often do you go shopping B. How much do you want C. Are you sure D. When will you get there 30. Congratulations! You did great. - _____________. A. It’s nice of you to say so. B. It’s my pleasure. C. You’re welcome. D. That’s okay. Error Identification 31. Mr Smiths is going to buy a new Japanese car, doesn’t it? A B C D 32. Hardly he had entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his wallet A B C D 33. As soon as I will graduate, I’m going to return to my country. A B C D 34. Every student who majors in English are ready to participate in the oratorical contest. A B C D 35. The last day of the holiday will ended in disaster. A B C D Choose the sentences that have the same meaning with the given ones 36. She was careless. A fire broke out in the kitchen. A.If she were careless, a fire broke out in the kitchen. B.If she had been careful, a fire broke out in the kitchen. C.If she had been careless, a fire would have broken out in the kitchen. D.If she had been careful, a fire would not have broken out in the kitchen. 37. "I am sorry I didn't wait for you," Mary said to John. A. Mary apologized for not waiting for John. B. Mary insisted on not waiting for John. C. Mary sorry for not waiting for John. D. Mary denied not waiting for John. 38. Although she tells lies, I believe her. A. In spite of telling lies, I believe her. B. In spite her telling lies, I believe her. C. In spite her telling lies, I believe her. D. In spite of her tell lies, I believe her. 39. It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car. A. The man is believed to escaped in a stolen car. B. The man is believed to have escaped in a stolen car. C. The man is believed to escaped in a stolen car. D. They believed that the man stole the car. 40. My father hasn’t smoked cigarettes for a month. A. It’s a month since my father last smoked cigarettes. B. It’s a month ago that my father smoked cigarettes. C. It’s a month that my father hasn’t smoked cigarettes. D. It’s a cigarette that my father smoked a month ago Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the passage Preparation is a key to a successful interview. Does the idea make you feel a little (41)_______? Many people find that it is the hardest part of the (42)________process. But it is not really true. The more you prepare and practice , the more comfortable you will feel.You should find out as much as (43)__________about the company before you go to the interview. Understand the products that they produce and the services that they provide . It is also good to know who the customers are and who the major (4)___________are. Practice makes perfect. It will also make you feel more confident and relaxed . So , practice your answers to common questions . Make a list of questions to ask , too. Almost all interviewers will ask if you have questions. This is a great opportunity for you to show keenness, (45)___________and knowledge . 41. A. worry B. nervous C. frightening D. confused 42. A employment B. employed C. employing D. employable 43. A. possible B. impossible C. long D. well 44 . A. counterpartsB. clerks C. acquaintances D. competitors 45. A. enthusiasm B. qualifications C. desire D. opportunity Read the passage and choose the best answer. Throughout the United States, the number of places where people are allowed to smoke has gradually become smaller and smaller. First, it was banned on trains, buses and planes, then in public places such as theatres and airports. Now you can’t smoke in any workplace. Nonsmokers are definitely winning the battle. “ Why should we breathe their smoke ?”, they say. If they are lucky, smokers can still find some bars and restaurants where they can light up a cigarette, but it may soon be banned there , too. Anti-smoking groups even think that smoking ought to be banned in people’s homes. Under new plans you won’t be able to smoke where there are more than ten visitors in a week, or where there are children. In 1996, nicotine was classed as drug, like cocaine or heroin. In the country that gave tobacco to the world, smoking might one day be illegal 41. Now you can smoke ___________ but in the future you can’t. a. on trains b. in theatres c. on planes d. in bars 42. . “ Why should we breathe their smoke?” The word “their” in this sentence means: a. smokers’ b. other people’s c. nonsmokers’ d. visitors’ 43. Which of the following sentences is true according to the passage? a. The number of smokers has become smaller b. You can smoke in some bars and restaurants c. You can smoke in your office d. There are more places for people who want to smoke 44. “ Nonsmokers are winning the battle” means: a. There are more nonsmokers. b. There are more smokers c. There are fewer places where people can smoke d. There are more places where people can smoke. 45. In the future, smoking in ____________ may soon be banned. a. bars and restaurants. b. the country that gave tobacco to the world. c. large family’s homes d. all of these places. TEST 2 Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences. 1). That's the coffee bar ..................... I usually meet my friends. A). for which B). where C). which D). in that 2). Jane : " Do you want any help?" - Peter : "................." A). Not at all B). I hope not C). No, thanks . It's all right. D). Yes , That's right. 3). Thien : " My first English test was not as good as I expected . " - Thomas : " ................." A). Good Heavens! B). Never mind , better job next time! C). That's brilliant enough! D). It's okay . Don't worry. 4). Don't worry . I'll ..................... you a hand with the washing up. A). give B). borrow C). return D). take 5). Non-verbal................such as waving , nodding or shaking of the head also have cultural meanings. A). signs B). marks C). opinion D). signals 6). The economy ..................... substantial changes thanks to the open policy. A). has undergone B). has developed C). have experienced D). has promoted 7). In Vietnam , children start school at the age of 6 and ........... school at the age of 18. A). go to B). stop C). end D). leave 8). Our Party and Government continue to reaffirm their strong ...........to DOI MOI policy. A). achievement B). commitment C). measure D). introduction 9). Someone knocked on the door while I ........................ a bath. A). was having B). had C). is having D). has 10). The building , ..................... by the storm , has to be torn down. A). which badly damaged B). was badly damaged C).badly damaged D). that was badly damaging 11). I wish I shared his ..................... , but I really don't think this will work. A). pessimism B). optimism C). survival D). depression 12). You shouldn't wear casual clothes to an interview. A). untidy B). formal C). informal D). elegant 13). When we arrived at the meeting , the first speaker ........... and the audiences .......... A). was finishing/ had clapped D). had just finished / were clapping B). has just finished / were clapping C). finished / had clapped 14). My little brother is very ..................... collecting sea shells. A). keen in B). fond for C). keen on D). interested of 15). ..................... my father did not hold a well-paying job , he enjoyed his job a lot. A). However B). Although C). But D). In spite of 16). ..................... his poor condition , Jim tried to study well. A). Although B). In spite of C). Because D). But 17). She ..................... going for a picnic at the weekend. A). promised B). advised C). denied D). suggested 18). People ..................... that money is everything often become slaves to it. A). whose believed B). that believing C). whom believe D). who believe 19). You can choose to get a job when you have finished the............. part of your education. A). secondary B). compulsory C). primary D). school 20). He offered to take her home , ..................... she didn't want to. A). Although B). and C). therefore D). but 21). DOI MOI or Renovation .......................... in Vietnam in 1986. A). is initiated B). had initiated C). was initiated D). initiated 22). She asked me ..................... my work on the project. A). whether I finished B). if I had finished C). I had finished D).If I have finished 23). Who.................to on the phone when we came into the room? A). did you talk B). have you been talking C). had you talked D). were you talking 24). It took Vietnam eleven years ................. A). to get access to WTO and become its 150th member. B). getting access to WTO and become its 150th member. C). getting access to WTO and becoming its 150th member. D). getting access to WTO and to become its 150th member. 25). A school year is often divided ..................... two semesters. A). for B). in C). with D). into 26). If I had noticed him , I ..................... hello. A). would have said B). would say C). had said D). will say 27). They wanted to know ..................... in the area. A). how long would he stay B). If he would stay how long C). how long he will stay D). how long he would stay 28). We haven't seen our uncle for three years. A. We first met our uncle three years ago. B. The last time we met our uncle was three years ago. C. We never saw my uncle three years ago. D. Three years is a long time for us to see our uncle. 29). This is the first time they've been to England. A. They have never been to England before. B. They went to England once. C. They haven't been to England so far. D. They've been to England many times. 30). 'When will the final exam be taken?' Bill wanted to know…………… A. When will the final exam be taken B. When the final exam will be taken C. When would the final exam be taken D. When the final exam would be taken Choose the letter A,B,C, or D to show the underlined part of each sentence that needs correction. 31). The National Curriculum is setting by the Government and must be followed in all states schools. A C D B 32). Her last book is published in 20 languages many years ago. A B C D 33). Dinosaurs became extinct millions of years ago because of the earth’s climate changed drastically A B C D 34). Many charity organizations have brought food supplies and clothes to flood- effecting A B C areas in the Mekong Delta D 35). I have no confidence enough to participate in the English – speaking competition. A B C D Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the passage . All members of the family have accepted the daily tasks of housekeeping . These duties are not intended as a punishment . They are (36)................. to the happiness and well-being of the family. (37) .................family member has agreed to cheerfully contribute to the welfare of the family by working together as a team to get these chores (38).................quickly every day. We have a separate checklist for each day of the week. Each list is slightly different. Each person will have a number assigned to him for the day. He will complete all corresponding items (39)................. the checklist, starting at the top, and complete them in sequence. We will cheerfully work together on each room (40).................the checklist for that room is done, then move on to the next room. Any disputes over the completion of a chore will be settled by Mom or Dad. 36). A. needed B. contrary C. important D. close 37). A. Each B. all C. Some D. No 38). A. made B. solved C. done D. left 39). A. from B. by C. on D in 40). A. until B. as soon as C. after D. by the time Read the passage and choose the best answer. When you apply for a job, one of the most important things is job interview. In order to make a good impression during a job interview, you need to prepare yourself for the interview carefully. Punctuation is very necessary. You should arrive in plenty of time so that you have a little of time to relax and keep calm before the interview. You should be well—dressed. Do not wear a skirt which is too short or jeans. You also need to plan what you are going to say. You have to answer a lot of questions about your education and experience. You may be asked many things about yourself and especially about the reason why you decide to apply for the job. You can ask the interviewer about the salary you expect, the position you are applying and the duties you have to do in the job. You also must try to find out as much as possible about the company you want to work for. 41). When you apply for a job ..................... A. job interview is not important. B. don't make any good impression. C. preparation is not necessary. D. interview is important for you to prepare. 42). What about punctuation? A. Being late is all right. B. You should arrive early enough to relax. C. Punctuation is not important. D. If you are late the interviewer will wait. 43). What about clothes? A. You can wear whatever you like. B. You should be well dressed. C. Jeans are suggested. D. short skirt makes you more attractive. 44). You may be asked about..................... A. your study B. the reason why you are interested in the job C. your experience D. All are correct 45). You can ask the interviewer about..................... A. the salary, position and duties B. the salary, position and his age C. the salary and the interviewer's education D. the salary, the interviewer's family and his duties. Choose the word with the different pronunciation of the underlined part. 46). A. although B. threat C. throw D. thrill 47) A. called B. played C. admired D. liked 48). A. pollute B. consume C. nuclear D. fuel Choose the word with the different stress pattern 49). A. conical B. determine C. contractual D. supportive 50). A. physical B. mischievous C. suitable D. romantic TEST 3 I / PHONETICS : A- Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently 1. A. manufacture B. future C. nursery D. secure 2. A. weather B. thank C. though D. clothes 3. A. looked B. hoped C. prevented d. washed B – Choose the word whose stressed syllable is different from that of the others 4. A. answer B. refuse C. begin D. enjoy 5. A. conception B. community C. economical D. discover II / VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR : Choose the best option . 6. At school he not only had a good …………..record but also excelled at sports . A. knowledge B. academic C. intellectual D. education 7. In our country , many women still have to …………more in marriage than men do . A. determine B. equalize C. apologize D. sacrifice 8. I think your hair needs ……………. . It’s too long . A. to cut B. cutting C. to be cutting D. being cut 9. This is an application letter , so you must write it in a/ an …………..way . A. formal B. informal C. casual D. especial 10. Gestures and facial expressions are called …………….form of communication . A. social B. verbal C. non-verbal D. informal 11. The government made serious attempts to raise the living …………..of the people . A. standard B. cost C. level D. price 12. Major new investments are aimed at reviving the …………..economy of the country . A. developed B. stagnant C. inefficient D. ruin 13. Come and see me as soon as you ……………….your report . A. finishes B. are finishing C. will finish D. have finished 14. Do you remember Mr. Phung , ………….taught us Literature ? A. that B. who C. which D. A & B are correct 15. Children are required to be in full-time education …………… the age of 5 and 16 . A. at B. from C. between. D. by 16. She said she ______ that film several years before. A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. would see 17. The students in this class were made ______ very hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. having learnt 18. I couldn't find Jo at the party last night. If I ______ him, we'd have been happy. A. meet B. met C. have met D. had met 19. When I met John, he ______ from his university already. A. graduated B. was graduating C. has graduated D. had graduated 20. He got an excellent grade in his examination ______ the fact that he had not worked particularly hard. A. on account of B. because of C. in spite of D. Although III / READING : A - Read the passage and choose the best answer to complete each sentence . Choosing the right career may be hard . Many people who graduate from school or college do not know what to do with their lives , and get a job without really thinking about it . For some , things work out fine , but others often find themselves stuck in a job that they hate .Your working life lasts an average of forty years , so it is important to find a job you like and feel enthusiastic about . Luckily , there are many ways you can get help to do this . The Australian website , WWW.careeronline.com , compares choosing a career with going to the movies . Before you see a movie , you find out what films are being shown . The site suggests you should do the same with your career – find out what jobs are available and what your opinions are . Next , decide which movie you like best ; if you are not a romantic person , you won’t want to see a love story . In other words , with your career , you should decide which job will suit your personality . Finally , decide how to get movie tickets , and find out where the theater is before you go . With your career , you need to find information about where you can work , how much you will earn , and how to get a job in that profession . 16. According to the passage , deciding on the right profession can be ………… . A. easy B. simple C. challenging D. quick 17. If a person starts working at the age of 20 , he will probably not retire until he is …. A. 40 B. 50 C. 60 D. 70 18. Which of the following advice is not given by www.careeronline.com for getting the right job ? A. Find out what job choices you have . B. Decide which job is best for your personality . C. Get information about when the job starts . D. How much can you earn . 19. Through the passage , the writer wants to advise us ……………….. . A. to love the job that we are doing . B. to give up the job that we don’t like . C. to apply for as many jobs as possible D. to think it over carefully before choosing a job . B – Choose the answer that best fits each space to complete the following passage . If you want to ………(20) university , you must pass examinations that most students ………..(21) at the age of 18 ( called A level ) . Most students take three “A” levels and they must do well ….….(22) to obtain a place at university because the places are …………(23) . At the moment , approximately 30% of young people go to university in Britain . If you get a place at university , the ………(24) is free , and some students also get a grant . Most university courses last 3 or 4 years ; some one or two courses ,e.g. Medicine may be even longer . Students at university are called ……….(25) while they are studying for their first degree . 20. A. go B. come C. enter D. apply 21. A. take B. get C. sit D.pass 22. A. so that B. so as C. in order D. B & C are correct 23. A. small B. few C. limited D. abundant 24. A. fare B. cost C. pay D. tuition 25. A. undergraduatesb. graduates C. colleagues D. freshers IV / TRANSFORMATION : 26. “ I’ll come and see you tomorrow ,” Tom said to me . A. Tom said that he would come and see me tomorrow. B. Tom promised that he would come and see me the following day . C. Tom promised to come and help me the following day . D. B and C are correct . 27. Men can’t fly because they don’t have wings . A. If men have wings , they will fly . B. If men could fly , they would have wings . C. Men couldn’t fly unless they had wings . D. Men could fly if they had wings . 28. People have translated this book into many languages . A. This book have translated into many languages . B. This book has been translate by people into many languages . C. This book was translated into many languages . D.This book has been translated into many languages . 29. It rained a lot but we enjoyed our vacation . A. We enjoyed our vacation although it rained a lot . B. Although we enjoyed our vacation , it rained a lot . C. In spite of raining a lot , we enjoyed our vacation . D. A and C are correct . 30. Romeo and Juliet is a famous play . Shakespeare wrote it in 1605 . A. Romeo and Juliet is a famous play written by Shakespeare in 1605 . B. Romeo and Juliet , which is a famous play , was written by Shakespeare in 1605 . C. Romeo and Juliet is a famous play which was written by Shakespeare in 1605 . D. All are correct . VI / ERROR IDENTIFICATION : Choose the underlined part that needs correcting 36. I have phoned you twice yesterday but I got no answers . Where did you go ? A B C D 37. We prefer to watch a live concert to listening to music on the radio . A B C D 38. Seeing from a distance , Ngu Binh looks like a screen protecting Hue . A B C D 39. In spite of we had planned everything carefully , a lot of things went wrong . A B C D 40. In the past , students were made sit still for hours and memorize all sorts of things . A B C D TEST 4 I / PHONETICS : A- Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently 1. A. walked B. jumped C. missed D. started 2. A. bats B. speaks C. deaths D. nurses 3. A. child B. chair C. chef D. chores B – Choose the word whose stressed syllable is different from that of the others 4. A. solution B. mischievous C. family D. leftovers 5. A. priority B. diversity C. variety D. generation Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one. 6. . My Dad is always willing to give a hand …… cleaning the house. A. with B. of C. about D. in 7. In Vietnam, we never give glasses to a bride and a …on their wedding because it means separation. A. gloom B. groom C. broom D. troop 8. Qualifications and ………… are two most important factors that help you get a good job. A. politeness B. experience C. attention D. impression 9. After a decade of economic liberalization, Vietnam has seen a dramatic rise in living ______ in urban areas. A. surface B. standards C. level D. backgrounds 10. Someone who is ______ is hopeful about the future or the success of something in particular. A. powerful B. optimistic C. stagnant D. pessimistic 11. I could not eat ______ I was very hungry. A. even though B. in spite C. despite D. in spite the fact that 12. In spite ______, the baseball game was not cancelled. A. the rain B. of the rain C. it was raining D. there was a rain 13. While I am waiting ______ my bus, I often listen ______ music. A. on / at B. for / to C. toward / about D. upon / in 14. Mrs. Smith, ______ is a retired teacher, does volunteer work at the hospital. A. she B. who C. as D. that 15. If I had gone to the party last night, I ………..tired now. A. am B. were C. would be D. would have been 16. . …………you do better work than this, you won’t pass the exam. A. Although B. If C. Unless D. When 17. He asked _______ him some money. A. her to lend B. she to lend C. she has lent D. she lends 18. Martin asked me _______. A. how is my father B. how my father is C. how was my father D. how my father was 19. _________you go to the dentist? A. How often are B. How often does C. How often do D. How are 20. Neil Amstrong was the first person ……….foot on the moon. A. set B. setting C. to set D. who was set 21. _______ nonverbal language is _______ important aspect of interpersonal communication. A. The / Ø B. A / the C. The / a D. Ø / an 22. Tommy left high school _______ the age _______ seventeen. A. at / of B. in / for C. on / with D. of / in 23. Either you or your friend _______ on charge today. A. are B. is C. was D. were 24. You are old enough. I think it is high time you applied _______ a job A. in bBof C. for D. upon 25. They held a party to congratulate _______ their son's success to become an engineer. A. with B. on C. for D. about 26. The lesson _____ for me to understand. A. is very difficult B. too difficult C. difficult too D. is too difficult 27. She is _____ kind that everybody loves her. A. such B. such a C. so D. so a 28. She hasn't got _____ to buy a car. A. enough money B. money enough C. so many money D. so much money 29. It was _____ a boring speech that I felt asleep. A. such B. so C. very D. too 30. Peter doesn't like scuba-diving. _____ does his brother. A. Too B. Neither C. Either D. So 31. Someone knocked on the door during my lunchtime. A. I had lunch when someone knocked on the door. B. When I had had lunch, someone knocked on the door. C. I was having lunch when someone was knocking on the door. D. I was having lunch when someone knocked on the door. 32. Although she is intelligent, she doesn’t do well at school. A. In spite of her intelligence, she doesn’t do well at school. B. Despite being intelligent, but she doesn’t do well at school. C. Even though her intelligent, but she doesn’t do well at school. D. In spite the fact that she intelligent, but she doesn’t do well at school. 33. When did you begin to work here? A.How long did you work here? B.How long did you begin working here? C.How long are you working here? D.How long have you been working here? 34. ”Let’s stay here until the storm has passed!”, someone said. A.Someone said that let them stay there until storm had passed. B.Someone told me to stay there until the storm has passed. C.Someone suggested staying there until the storm had passed. D.Someone asked whether we stayed there until the storm has passed. 35. People believe that there will be severe earthquakes and tidal waves next year. A.It is believed that severe earthquakes and tidal waves will have happened next year. B.It is our belief that their will be severe earthquakes and tidal waves next year. C.It is believed that there will be severe earthquakes and tidal waves next year. D.Our belief is that there will be severe earthquakes and tidal waves next year. ERROR IDENTIFICATION : Choose the underlined part that needs correcting 36. As soon as I will graduate, I’m going to return to my country. A B C D 37. . As they grow older, children in many cultures taught not to rely on their parents. A B C D 38. . If my father hasn't encouraged me to take the exam, I wouldn't have done it. A B C D 39. Although his poor health, Mr Brown still works hard to support his family. A B C D 40. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I would never believe it. A B C D Choose the answer that best fits each space to complete the following passage When my parents married, they rented a small house and they didn’t have a lot of money for furniture. The kitchen had a sink for washing up and a cooker, but that was all of the things they had. They (41) _______________ an old table and chair from the market. They borrowed a sofa which was (42) ______________ old, but they covered it with modern materials so it was bright and cheerful. Outside, there was a small garden (43) _____________ the house, but in front of it there was only the road. Luckily the road wasn’t busy, so I could cross it to reach the park on the opposite side. We lived there (44) __________ I was ten and we were very happy. We had to move house because it was too small when my twin sisters were born. We all (45) ___________ sad when we left. 41. A. bought B. sold C. became D. brought 42. A. more B. also C. even D. little 43. A. before B. through C. by D. behind 44. A. when B. after C. until D. to 45. A. spent B. thought C. had D. felt Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer. University Entrance Examination is very important in Vietnamese students. High school graduates have to take it and get high results to be admitted to universities. The pressure on the candidates remains very high despite the measures that have been taken to reduce the heat around these exams, since securing a place in a state university is considered a major step towards a successful career for young people, especially those from rural areas or disadvantaged families. In the year 2004, it was estimated that nearly 1 million Vietnamese students took the University Entrance Examination, but on average only 1 out of 5 candidates succeeded. Normally, candidates take 3 exam subjects, and each lasts; 180 minutes for the fixed group of subjects they choose. There are 4 fixed groups of subjects: Group A: Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry; Group B: Mathematics, Biology, and Chemistry; Group C: Literature, History, and Geography; Group D: Literature, Foreign Language, and Mathematics. In addition to universities, there are community colleges, art and technology institutes; professional secondary schools, and vocational schools which offer degrees or certificates from a-few-month to 2-year courses. According to Vietnam's Ministry of Education and Training, there are currently 23 non-public universities, accounting for 11% of the total number of universities. These non-public universities are currently training 119,464 students, or 11.7% of the total number of students. The government is planning to increase the number of non-public universities to 30% by 2007. 46. University Entrance Examination in Vietnamese is very _______. A. interesting B. stressful C. free D. easy 47. The word those refers to _______. A. exam subjects B. young people C. universities D. examinations 48. In 2004, the proportion of the students who got success in University Entrance Examination was about _______ percent. A. 5 B. 10 C. 20 D. 50 49. Which sentence refers to the University Entrance Examination in Vietnam? A. Students find it easy to get success in the University Entrance Examination. B. Math is compulsory in the University Entrance Examination. C. Students are not allowed to choose their exam subjects. D. There are four fixed groups of exam subjects for students to choose. 50. According to the passage, _______. A. the Vietnamese government will close all non-public universities by next year. B. the Vietnamese government does not appreciate non-public universities C. the Vietnamese government encourages the establishing of non-public universities. D. Vietnamese students have no alternative to continue their higher study besides universities. TEST 5 I / PHONETICS : I.: B – Choose the word whose stressed syllable is different from that of the others 1. A. secret B. confide C. attract D. discuss 2. A. suitable B. together C. supportive D. solution II. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest : 3. A. liked B. bothered C. swallowed D. earned 4. A. bats B. speaks C. photographs D. days 5. A. helped B. missed C. knocked D. decided III.Khoanh troøn caâu traû lôøi ñuùng nhất trong soá A, B, C hoaëc D ñeå ñieàn vaøo choã troáng. 6. Amanda left the job because they asked her to work on a night _________ very often. A. time B. shift C. period D. moment 7. The _________ that our family members share closely is watching films. A. concern B. interest C. pleasure D. entertainment 8. My mother ________ the responsibility for running the household. A. holds B. takes C. runs D. bears 9. We started working here three years ago. A. We worked here for three years. B. We have no longer worked here for three years. C. We have worked here for three years. D. We will work here in three years. 10. My mother ________ this picture for a week and she __________ it. A. has painted / doesn’t finish B. has painted / hasn’t finished C. painted / didn’t finish D. painted / hasn’t finished 11. The sun _____ the biggest planet in the solar system. A. has been B. will be C. is D. was 12. Charles is a gifted footballer, but up to now he ____well in the international matches. A. doesn’t play B. didn’t play C. hasn’t play D. wasn’t playing 13. Before I went to university, I __________ as a carpenter for about five years. A. worked B. used to work C. has worked D. had worked 14. Fortunately, I recognized him at the ___, so I left the table and stopped him on time. A. instant B. time C. shift D. distance 15. Any ______ from teachers to students’ progress will make them feel more confident. A. admiration B. support C. compliment D. respect 16. After the recent scandal, the president is expected to do the ______ thing and resign from his position. A. precious B. kindness C. decent D. formal 17. _______ marriage is believed by Asian parents and they don’t let their children A. contractual B. approval C. commercial D. proposal 18. Mr. Green …… a color television set already. A. buy B. buys C. has bought D. have bought 19. She said to us “Don’t be late again”. A. She said to us not to be late again. B. She told us to be not late again. C. She told to us not to be late again. D. She told us not to be late again. 20. To attract someone’s attention so that we may speak to that person, we can use either verbal or _______ form of communication. A. signal B. waving C. non-verbal D. hand 21. A survey conducted among American, Chinese, and Indian to determine their attitudes toward love shows that young Asian are not as _______ as their American counterparts. A. romantic B. confiding C. beautiful D. loyal 22. The sentence Thuan said: “It has been very successful.” Can be reported as: ……. A. Thuan said: it had been very successful. B. Thuan said it had been very successful. C. Thuan said it has been very successful. D. It had been very successful, Thuan said. 23. The earth _________ round. A. be B. is C. was D. had been 24. We ________ Dorothy since last Saturday. A. don’t see B. haven’t seen C. didn’t see D. hadn’t seen 25. When I ________ her on the street yesterday, she _________ a rosy skirt. A. was seeing / wore B. saw / wore C. saw / was wearing D. saw / wearing 26. The farmer said, “I didn’t see her.”---> The farmer said _________ her. A. he had seen B. I hadn’t seen C. she didn’t see D. he hadn’t seen 27. Lan: Your dress is so nice, Hoa. Hoa: _______ A. No, you are so kind. B. Do you like it? C. Thanks. I’ve just bought it. D. Not at all. 28. Nam: Shall we go out for lunch? Tung: ______ A: Yes, we shall B. No, we shall not. C. It’s a good idea. D. A and B are correct 29. While Mary washed up, she broke a cup. A B C D 30. Lan said that she would visit me tomorrow. A B C D 31. When the film started, I already arrived ten minutes before. A B C D IV. COMPREHENSION READING Read the following passage. Choose one best answer (A, B, C or D) Many people think that we can learn a lot about the culture of a foreign country simply by living in that country. However, this is not necessarily true. Often, the longer we stay in a foreign country, the more we realized how little we actually know about the culture of that country. Books and talks about other people’s culture can even be dangerous because they concentrate on cultural differences and exaggerate national character, and sometimes a lot of information they contain is untrue. In a study recently carried out in Britain, people were asked to make a list of anything that they thought was typical of Britain and would interest a foreign visitor there. Most mentioned Shakespeare, the Queen, village inns, English folk dancing, English castles, and fish chips wrapped in newspaper. Although all of these characters can be found in British culture, they do not show the real interest of ordinary British people: (They are, in fact, simply stereotype – that is, general character which people wrongly think are typical.)What are surprising is that they were suggested by British people themselves as representing their culture. If people have such a wrong impression of their own culture, how much false would their impression of other culture be! 32. If we stay a long time in a foreign country, _________ A. we will sometimes forget about culture of our own country. B. we can often learn a lot about the culture of the foreign country. C. we usually realize our own ignorance about its culture. D. we can seldom find out anything at all about its culture. 33. It is hard to learn about a country’s culture from books because such books ______ A. concentrate on the dangers of the foreign culture. B. exaggerate national character. C. take no notice of culture difference. D. contain little information about future. 34. When asked about their own culture, many British people __________ A. argued they knew little about British culture. B. said they themselves were not typical of British people. C. gave incorrect answers. D. were surprised by the question asked. 35. It is easy to ___________ A. know a lot about your own country’s culture. B. know the culture of other countries. C. give exact information about your own country. D. describe stereotype of your country V. Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời câu hỏi: Men (36) lazy in the home, according to an official survey published today. They have about six hours’ a week more free time than (37) , but play very little part in cooking, cleaning, washing, and ironing, (38) the Social Trends Survey by the Central Statistical Office. Nearly three quarters of married women claimed to do all or most of the (39) , and among married men the proportion who admitted that their wives did all or most of the housework was only slightly lower. The survey showed that washing and ironing was the least popular task among men, with only one per cent performing this duty, compared with 89 per cent of women, and 10 per cent sharing equally. Only 5 per cent of men prepare the evening meal, 3 per cent carry out household cleaning duties, 5 per cent household shopping, and 17 per cent wash the evening dishes. But when household gadgets break down, repairs are carried out by 82 per cent of husbands. The survey says that, despite our economic problems, the majority of Britons are substantially better (40) a decade ago. We’re healthier, too – eating healthier foods and smoking less. The average Briton, not surprisingly, is more widely traveled than a decade ago. More people are going abroad for holidays, with Spain the favorite destination. 36. A. are B. is C. be D. being 37. A. husbands B. wives C. girls D. housewives 38. A. according B. seeing C. because D. when 39. A. houses B. work C. problems D. housework 40. A. to B. with C. than D. for TEST 6 Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest. 1. a. share b. rare c. are d. declare 2. a. cooks b. loves c. joins d. spends 3. a. advises b. raises c. devises d. goes 4. a. teacher b. children c. chore d. school 5. a. hurry b. under c. pressure d. rush Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one. 6. He has been very interested in doing research on ___ since he was at high school. a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically 7. Are you sure that boys are more _______ than girls? a. act b. active c. action d. activity 8. It is generally believed that "Men make _____ house and women make ____home". a. Ø / Ø b. a / an c. the / the d. an / the 9. Most doctors and nurses have to work on a ___ once or twice a week at the hospital. a. solution b. night shift c. household chores d. special dishes 10. Billy, come and give me a hand with cooking. . help b. prepared c. be busy d. attempt 11. Many young people have objected to _______ marriage, which is decided by the parents of the bride and groom. a. agreed b. shared c. contractual d. sacrificed 12. All parents are _______ to at least try to behave in ways that will give their own children an important protection a. decided b. supposed c. followed d. rejected 13. After all, she _______ him since her childhood. a. knows b. knew c. was knowing d. had known 14. I have never seen such a beautiful dress _______ you before. a. of b. on c. for d. in 15. What _______ when the fire alarm _______ off? a. are you doing / will go b. have you done / would go c. were you doing / went d. will you do / are going 16. _______ you send this wedding card to Peter, please? a. Will b. Are c. Did d. Had 17. John asked me _______ in English. . what does this word mean b. what that word means c. what did this word mean d. what that word meant 18. The mother told her son _______ so impolitely. a. not behave b. not to behave c. not behaving d. did not behave 19. It is _______ not to say "Thank you" when you are given something. a. small b. rude c. slight d. formal 20. A/an _______ is an official document stating that you have passed an examination, completed a course, or .achieved some necessary qualifications. a. certificate b. requirement c. education d. test 21. Reagan _______ an actor years ago. a. is said to be b. was said being c. was said have been d. is said to have been 22. More than ten victims _______ missing in the storm last week. a. are reported to be b. are reported to have been c. are reporting to have been d. are reporting to be 23. You are not allowed to use the club's facilities _____ you are a member. a. unless b. if c. provided d. supposed 24. If she _______ the train last night, she here now. a. took / were b. were taking / is c. had taken / would have been d. had taken / would be 25. _____ ? I’m a teacher. A. What’s his job B. What’s her job C. What’s your job D. What’s David’s job 26. “What’s your hobby, Hoa?” A. Well, I like collecting stamps B. Oh, with computers C.Well, I want stamps D. Oh, on the phone 27. . Jill failed in the final examination last term. _____ A.Really? B. Sorry to hear that. C. What is wrong D. I can’t believe 28 “ Could you tell me the way to the bus stop ?” _____ . A.Go ahead then turn right B. Thanks C. It’s OK D. by bus 29“ You look nice in that red shirt.” - “ ………………………” A.It’s nice of you to say so B. Am I ?Thanks C. Oh, poor me D. I am interesting to hear that 30. - “ Can I get you anything?” - “ …………a pen and a piece of paper, please.” A. I like B. I’ll like C. I’d like D. I’m liking ERROR IDENTIFICATION : Choose the underlined part that needs correcting 31.When I am a child, I used to ride a tricycle to school. A B C D 32. I had my motorbike repair yesterday but now it still doesn’t work. A B C D 33.The Nelsons asked us look over their plants for them while they were away on vacation. A B C D 34. Mr Smiths is going to buy a new Japanese car, doesn’t it? A B C D 35.They asked me what had happened last night, but I was unable to tell them. A B C D Choose the sentences that have the same meaning with the given ones 36.I have never listened to jazz music before. A.This is the first time I listened to jazz music. C.This is the first time I have listened to jazz music. 37” You damage my laptop, Mike,” said Sylvia A.Sylvia said Mike has damaged her laptop. .Sylvia threatened Mike to damage her laptop. B.This is the first jazz music I listen to. D.This is the first time I listen to jazz music. B.Sylvia told Mike to damage her laptop. D.Sylvia accused Mike of damaging her laptop. 38.”I’m sorry I forgot your birthday”, Harry told Mary. A.Harry said sorry to Mary for forgetting her birthday. B.Harry felt sorry to forget Mary’s birthday. C.Harry apologized Mary for having forgotten her birthday. D.Harry really felt a pity not to remember Mary’s birthday. 39.”I’ll give you $500 to keep your mouth shut”, he said. .Police reported that a man had been helping them with their inquiries. A.A man was reported to help police with their inquiries. B.A man was reported to have been helping police with their inquiries. C.It is reported that a man had been helping them with their inquiries. D.It has been reported that a man had been helping them with their inquiries. 40.They are watering the flowers. A.They need some water and flowers. B.There is some water on the flowers. .The flowers are being watered. D.They are putting the flowers in warter. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase. The General Certificate of Secondary Education or the GCSE examinations for (41) _____ are the standard school-leaver qualifications taken by (42) _____ all UK students in the May and June following their 16th birthday. If you come to a UK (43) _____ school before you (44) _____ the age of 16, you will study towards GCSE examinations in up to 12 subjects. Some subjects are compulsory, including English arid mathematics, and you can select (45) _____, such as music, drama, geography and history from a series of options. GCSEs provide a good all-round education that you can build on at college and eventually at university. 41.a. short b. long c. big d. long 42.a. similarly b. fortunately c. approximately d. virtually 43.a. dependence b. independence c. independent d. independently 44.a. reach b. come c. approach d. go 45.a. other b. each other c. another d. others Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer. Traditions, saying, beliefs, language, and values are just a few things that make up our culture. Culture is the framework in which families are structured. It shapes our expectations and ideals. Culture plays a part in the meaning of marriage and our roles as husbands, wives, children and parents. Understanding cultural differences and similarities related to marriage is important. Culture affects the roles that spouses take within marriages, the age at marriage and number of children a couple have, the meaning of divorce, cohabitation and non-marital childbearing, and the way parents raise children. Understanding how relationships and marriages vary across cultural contexts, and how they are similar, we will be able to identify the unique ways that marriages and family life affect people of various cultures. As a result, we will be able to help families and sustain happy marriages. A cross cultural marriage or similar love relationship can be extremely exciting. The cultural background, visits to the other country, the language of the country and learning to speak it, the different habits and ways of doing and saying things that people from other cultures have, are. all very exciting indeed. What of the disadvantages of a cross cultural marriage or love relationship with someone from another country or cultural background? No matter how much you love your husband or wife, no matter how high your level of cross cultural awareness, cross cultural communication and respect for differences. Misunderstanding seems to be unavoidable. 46.The passage is about _________. a. the effects of cultures on love and marriage b. the definition of culture c. the role of spouses in the family d. cultural differences 47.The word It refers to _________. a. culture b. family c. framework d. structure 48.According to the writer, cross-cultural marriage _________. a. does not have advantages b. does not have disadvantages c. have both advantages and disadvantages d. does not exist through time 49.According to the passage, which of the following is not affected by culture? a. The age to get married b. Child-raising c. How much spouses love each other d. The roles of spouses 50.In cross-cultural marriage, _______ may happen. a. divorce b. quarrel c. misunderstanding d. separation TEST 7 A: PHONETICS Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others 1). A). through B). other C). everything D). thanks 2). A). facial B). communicate C). contact D). carpet 3). A). sometimes B). gestures C). interests D). examples Choose the word whose stressed syllable is different from that of the others . 4) A). recently B). facial C). tomorrow D). confidence 5) A). carpet B). visit C). summer D). include B: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR 6). You are old enough to take _______ for what you have. A). responsibility B). irresponsible C). responsible D). responsibly 7). The boy waved his hands to his mother, who was standing at the school gate, to _______ her attention. A). follow B). pull C). tempt D). attract 8). In the UK, _______ schools refer to government-funded schools which provide education free of charge to pupils. A). independent B). secondary C). dependent D). state 9). A woman can never have a happy married life without _____ her husband. A). trusting B). determining C). demanding D). agreeing 10). Body language is a potent form of _______ communication. A). non-verbal B). oral C). tongue D). verbal 11). I am flying to the States tonight. I ______ you a ring if I can find a phone. A). will give B). would give C). have given D). could give 12). Sam _______ to change a light bulb when he _______ and _______. A). has tried / slips / falls B). had been trying / slipped/ fell C). tried / was slipping / falling D). was trying / slipped / fell 13). I _______ there once a long time ago and _______ back since. A). have gone / was B). go / am not C). went / have not been D). was going / had not been 14). You are not allowed to use the club's facilities _____ you are a member. A). provided B). unless C). supposed D). if 15). The refreshments _______ by Karen. A). are preparing B). are going to be prepared C). are going to prepare D). are being prepare 16). _____ instructed me how to make a good preparation for a job interview. A). John Robbins to that I spoke by telephone B). John Robbins who I spoke by telephone C). John Robbins, that I spoke to by telephone, D). John Robbins, whom I spoke to by telephone, 17). The teacher told Joe _______. A). stop talking B). stops talking C). stopped talking D). to stop talking 18). ___ ___ , he walked to the station. A). In spite being tired B). Despite being tired C). Although to be tired D). Despite tired 19). Yesterday, I _______ for work late because I _______ to set my alarm. A). was leaving / was forgetting B). had been leaving / would forget C). had left / forgot D). left / had forgot 20). _______ they are brothers, they do not look like. A). Even B). Although C). In spite of D). Despite 21). He is the man _______ car was stolen last week. A). that B). whom C). who D). whose 22). The preparations _______ by the time the guests _______. A). had been finished / arrived B). have been finished / were arrived C). had finished / were arriving D). have finished / arrived 23). She _______ working on that manuscript for 2 years now. A). will be B). is C). had been D). has been 24). I _______ complete silence now while I try this experiment. A). want B). have wanted C). am wanting D). wanted 25). Cellulose, which ......... for making paper, can be found in all plants. A. uses B. is used C. are used D. is using 26). She didn't do the test because it was too difficult. A). If the test had been too difficult, she could have done it. B). If the test hadn't been too difficult, she could have done it. C). If the test were not too difficult, she could do it. D). If the test hadn't been too difficult, she couldn't have done it. 27). Many people think Steve stole the money. A). Steve is thought to have stolen the money. B). Many people think the money is stolen by Steve. C). It was not Steve who stole the money. D). Money is thought to be stolen by Steve. 28). Peter doesn't read a lot. He can't find the time. A). If Peter hadn't got the time, he would read a lot. B). If Peter has the time, he will read a lot. C). If Peter had had the time, he would have read a lot. D). If Peter had the time, he would read a lot. 29). Barry continued to smoke even though we had advised him to quit. A). Barry took our advice so he stopped smoking. B). Barry did not quit smoking because of our advice. C). Despite being told not to smoke, Barry continued to do. D). If we had advised Barry, he would have quit smoking. 30). Lan suggested going out for dinner. A). Lan said, "Why don't we go out for dinner?" B). Lan said, "Do you want to go out for dinner?" C). Lan said, "Will you go out for dinner?" D). Lan said, "Must we go out for dinner?" D: READING Children in the Netherlands must be at least four years old to (41) _____ primary education. Almost all 4-year-olds (99.3%) in the country indeed attend primary school, (42) _____ this is not compulsory until children reach the age of 5. Primary school is free of charge. In most schools, children are grouped by age in mixed ability classes, with one teacher for all subjects. Primary school (43) _____ of 8 groups, thus schooling (44) _____ for 8 years. During the first two years, which (45) _____ kindergarten, children receive an average of 22 hours of education, during the last 6 years children receive an average of 25 hours per week… 31). A). enter B). come C). run D). afford 32). A). in spite B). due to C). although D). despite 33). A). includes B). composes C). consists D). contains 34). A). takes B). lengthens C). spends D). lasts 35). A). is called also B). also called C). is also called D). is also calling II. Jean spent her first few years in Hooper and her family moved to Otsego early in her life. She was only ten when her father died unexpectedly, leaving her mother to raise and support their family alone. Her mother soon went to work outside the home to provide for the family, and Jean, being one of the oldest, had to help care for her younger siblings. Although she had much responsibility at home, Jean thoroughly enjoyed school and was an excellent student. She went on to graduate 10th in her class at Otsego High School in 1953. While still in high school, Jean met a young man named Charles "Chuck" Holly, at a dance in Alamo; and they were quite taken with each other. Over the next few years, their love for each other blossomed and they were married on February 24, 1953, while Jean was still in school. At the time, Chuck was serving his country in the military, and had come home on leave to marry his sweetheart. Unfortunately, shortly thereafter, he was sent overseas to serve in Korea for the next fifteen months. Upon his discharge, the couple settled into married life together in the Plainwell, Otsego area. To help make ends meet, Jean went to work at the collection bureau in Kalamazoo for a while, before taking a job at the cheese company in Otsego. In 1964, Chuck and Jean were overjoyed with the birth of their son, Chuck, who brought great joy into their lives. Jean remembered how her mother was always gone so much working after her father died and she did not want that for her son, so she left her job to devote herself to the role of a mother. 36). Before Jean's father passed away, her mother used to _______. a. work outside the home b. be a housewife c. support the family alone d. work as a secretary 37). Which is not referred to Jean? a. She was a responsible girl. b. She never helped her mother with household chores. c. She often did well at school. d. She went to high school. 38). Jean's husband was a _______. a. teacher b. dancer c. soldier d. servant 39). Jean _______. a. served in the military b. lived in Korea for fifteen months c. had a daughter d. got married when she was a student 40). Which is not true about Jean? a. She disliked staying at home and taking care of her child. b. She worked outside the home before she had a child. c. She was very happy when she got a baby. d. She quit her job to look after her baby. TEST 8 I. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 1 to 5. If you want to _____(1)____ your best in an exam, you should be relaxed and so one of the best things to do is to take regular breaks even if they are only for a few minutes. During revision time, you _____(2)_____ take some time off to go for a walk or play your favorite sport. It is a mistake to take up all physical activities. Exercise can help you to relax. You should ____(3)_____ at least twenty minutes doing something different every day. Parents don’t like it when their teenage children spend hours on the phone, but, in fact, ____(4)____ to a friend is very good for you; parents think that children are ____(5)____ time and money; but research says talking to friends gives you a chance to relax, and this will make the time you spend studying more effective. 1. A. write B. go C. do D. make 2. A. shall B. have C. should D. will 3. A. waste B. spend C. relax D. use 4. A. communicating B. saying C. chatting D. telling 5. A. losing B. wasting C. spending D. missing II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the following questions. 6. "I have found a new flat," said Ann. A. Ann told to me that she had found a new flat. B. Ann said me that she had found a new flat. C. Ann told me that she had found a new flat. D. Ann said that she has found a new flat. 7. Someone knocked on the door during my lunchtime. A. When I had had lunch, someone knocked on the door. B. I was having lunch when someone knocked on the door. C. I was having lunch when someone was knocking on the door. D. I had lunch when someone knocked on the door. 8. No one has cleaned the floor. A. The floor hasn't been cleaned. B. The floor has been cleaned. C. The floor hasn't been clean. D. The floor hasn't cleaned. 9. He didn't hurry so he missed the plane. A. If he had hurried, he could have caught the plane. B. If he had hurried, he might catch the plane. C. If he hurried, he wouldn't miss the plane. D. He didn't miss the plane because he hurried. 10. I started working here in 2000. A. I have worked here since 2000. B. I have started working here since 2000. C. I have started work here since 2000. D. I haven't worked here since 2000. III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word whose stress pattern is different from the rest. 11. A. teacher B. formal C. often D. polite 12. A. dependence B. company C. happiness D. comfortable IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct words/phrases that best complete each of the following sentences. 13. It _______ that learning a foreign language _______ a lot of time. A. is said / takes B. is saying/ as been taken C. says / is taken D. was said / was taken 14. Last night a tornado swept through Rockville. It ___________ everything in its path. A. was being destroyed B. was destroyed C. had been destroyed D. destroyed 15. Unless he ……… immediately, he won’t get any information. A. phones B. won’t phone C. phone D. doesn’t phone 16. __________ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car. A. Despite B. Because C. Although D. In spite of 17. He took me to an expensive restaurant where we enjoyed a good meal. A. we enjoyed a good meal in which B. enjoyed a good meal C. and enjoying a good meal D. to enjoy a good meal 18. She _______ a shark while she _______ on the beach. A. see / am walking B. were losing / had left C. saw / was walking D. lost / have left 19. I _______ a terrible accident while I _______ on the beach. A. have seen / were walking B. see / am walking C. was seeing / walked D. saw / was walking 20. My father works for a construction company in __________ . A. Hanoi is a city in the Viet Nam. B. Hanoi, that is a city in Viet Nam. C. Hanoi where is a city in Viet Nam. D. Hanoi, which is a city in Viet Nam. 21. You are old enough. I think it is high time you applied _______ a job A. in B. of C. upon D. for 22. John asked me _______ interested in any kind of sports. A. if were I B. if I was C. if I were D. if was I 23. While I am waiting _______ my bus, I often listen _______ music. A. upon / in B. toward / about C. for / to D. on / at 24. We _______ touch since we _______ school three years ago. A. have lost / left B. have lost / leave C. lost / have left D. were losing / had left 25. The parents had been _______ warned about their son's misbehaviour. A. repeat B. repeatedly C. repeated D. repeating 26. Emily said that her teacher _______ to London ________ . A. went / tomorrow . will go / tomorrow C. had gone / the next day D. would go / the next day 27. By 2015, it will be widely accepted that schools and pre-schools have _______ extremely important role to play in ________ future of our world. A. the / the B. an / a C. Ø / Ø D. an / the 28. If more chemicals are released into the water, plants, and animals __________ . A. will be killed B. would die C. would be died D. will kill 29. I wonder whether this cloth __________or not. A. is washing B. washing C. washed D. is washed 30. Are children taught to respect different __________ at school? A. fields B. laws C. cultures D. aspects 31. My family have lived happily in this house for __________. A. generations B. periods C. times D. stages 32. A ………….. is an official document that you receive when you have completed a course of study or training. A. vocation B. subject C. certificate D. grade V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest. 33. A. application B. grade C. indicate D. certificate 34 . A. tastes B. washes C. buses D. arranges 35 A. explained B. prepared C. disappointed D. interviewed VI. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction. 36. It was not until 1937 that the southern source of the Nile River discovered. A B C D 37. Unless you work harder, we will finish on time. A B C D 38. Mary asked there was anything interesting on TV to see that night. A B C D 39. Although I try hard to play the guitar, but I don't seem to improve. A B C D 40. They asked us to not talk about the matter any more. A B C D VII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the following questions. English is my mother tongue. Besides, I can speak French and Spanish. I studied the two languages when I was at high school. Now, I am still learning Spanish at the University. As for me, mastering a foreign language is not easy. After studying a language, practice is very necessary and useful. Travelling to the country where the target language is spoken is very helpful, but if you can not speak the language well enough you will certainly have troubles. I also frequently go to the movies, watch television, listen to the radio in the language I am trying to learn. Reading is another good way to learn. Books are good, but I personally think newspapers and magazines are better. However, getting some knowledge of the language is the most important thing. Grammar and vocabulary should be mastered first. 41. How many languages can the writer speak? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 42. The writer has learnt Spanish _______. A. in Spain B. at high school C. at university D. B and C 43. Travelling may cause troubles if _______. A. you cannot speak the language well enough. B. you can speak the language well enough. . you can speak the language bad enough. D. you can communicate in the target language. 44. Some useful ways to practice your target language are _______. A. listening to the radio and watching TV in the language. B. reading books in the language. C. seeing films in the language. D. all are correct. 45. According to the writer, what should be mastered first? A. Vocabulary B. Vocabulary and grammar C. Writing skill D. Reading skill VIII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct response to each of the following utterances. 46. A . “Hey, Nam. Where are you going?” B . “_____________.” A. See you later B. I’m jogging C. Hello. Nice to meet you D. Bye, catch you latter 47. A . “Sorry, I’ve got to go” B . “_______________.” A. Sorry B. Yes C. Bye. See you later D. How do you do 48. A . “How about having a party on the first day of Tet?” B . “______________.” A. Yes, that’s a great idea B. Thank you C. I like it very much D. Yes. I want it 49. A . “In my opinion, this film is boring. What do you think about it?” B . “_____________.” A. I say so B. No, I don’t C. I agree D. I say yes 50. A . “What a nice pair of shoes!” B . “____________.” A. Yes, it is a pair of shoes B. Many thanks C. I have one D. No, I don’t think so Key 1.D 2.C 9.A 10.B 17.A 18.B 25.B 26.B 33.C 34.D 41.C 42.A 49.B 50.D 3.A 4.D 11.A 12.C 19.C 20.C 27.C 28.D 35.D 36.B 43.A 44.D 5.A 13.C 21.A 29.A 37.C 45.C 6.C 14.C 22.D 30.A 38.D 46.C 7.A 15.C 23.D 31.C 39.C 47.B 8.A 16.D 24.D 32.D 40.D 48.C TEST 9 I: Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest 1. 2. A. algebra A. attract B. chemistry C. primary B. curriculum C. certificate D. disruptive D. nursery II. Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words : 3. A. future 4. A. character III.Choose the best answer B. resume C. pressure B. challenge C. technical D. enthusiasm D. psychology 5. While I ............... TV last night , a mouse ran across the floor . A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching 6. I ……….as soon as you come back. A. went B. shall go C. have gone D. am going 7. Mr Brown said, “I watched TV last night.” --> Mr Brown said that he …………. TV the night before. A. was watching B. watched C. had watched D. has watched 8. He said he would do it _______________. A. yesterday B. the following day C. the previous day D. the day before 9. Gold ……………… in California in the 19th century. A. are discovered B. discovered C. was discovered D. be discovered 10. “They are going to build a supermarket in this area” can be written as: ………………….. A. A supermarket is going to be built in this area B. A supermarket are built in this area C. A supermarket in this area is going to be built. D. This area is going to build a supermarket in 11. If I. . . . . . .the rain yesterday, I . . . . . . .ill. A. had not caught / would have not been B. did not catch / would not be C. catch / will not be D. had not caught / would not have been 12. Unless you tell her, she will not know about that. A. She will know about that unless you don’t tell her. B. If she will not know about that, you tell her. C. If you don’t tell her, she will not know about that. D. If you did not tell her, she will not know about that. 13. If you . . . . . . . to get in trouble again, please get up early and go to work on time. A. don’t want B. didn’t want C. won’t want D. hadn’t wanted 14. I read a book ….. …………... was written by a friend of mine. B. Who B. whom C. which D. whose 15. Picasso, _____ works inspired many other artists, lived until he was a ripe old age. A. who B. whose C. that D. which 16. Britain imported many cars. They were made in Japan can be rewritten as: ………… A. Britain imported many cars who were made in Japan B. Britain imported many cars, made in Japan C. Britain imported many cars, making in Japan D. Japan imported many cars from Britain 17. Older sisters and brothers must take care …………… younger ones. A. for B. onto C. about D. of 18. Can you explain that problem ……………….. me? A. at B. for C. from D. to 19. - “ Would you like a cup of tea?”- “ …………………………” A. Yes, I do B. Yes, please C. I’m sorry D. It’s my pleasure 20. - “ Happy birthday! This is a small present for you.”- “ …………………….” A. What a pity ! B. How beautiful it is ! Thanks. C. Have a good time ! D. How terrible ! 21. “ Could you tell me the way to the bus stop ?” _____ A. Go ahead then turn right. B. Thanks C. It’s OK D. by bus 22. In Vietnam, schooling is ……………………… for all children from the age of 6 to 14 A. compulsory B. optional C. unnecessary D. impossible 23. The national ………….. is a programme of study in all the main subjects that children aged 5 to 16 in state school must follow. A. syllabus B. course C. plan D. curriculum 24. Fee-paying schools, often called “independent schools”, “private schools” or “______ schools" A. college B. primary C. secondary D. public 25.School uniform is compulsory in most of Vietnamese schools. A. depended B. required C. divided D. paid 26.Many people have objected to the use of animals in _____ experiments. A. science B. scientist C. scientific D. scientifically 27. _______ must satisfy the requirement for admission to the university. A. Applications B. Applicators C. Applicants D. Applying IV. Choose the best answer: 28. Do you mind so I smoke in the room? – No, I don’t mind at all. A B C D 29. If I knew that you were in financial difficulty, I would have helped you. A B C D 30. What would happen if there is no water? A B C D 31. The record had been chose by dancers near the jukebox. A B C D V. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer. A YEAR IN CANADA I (32) ______ born in London and had lived in cities (33)_______ most of my life. The one exception is the year I spent with my uncle in Canada. He owned (34)_______ enormous farm, miles from anywhere. Every morning, I ought to get up with the sun and help my uncle on the field. He was such a nice man, though, that I couldn't let him know how miserable I was. So you can imagine my feelings when, because of my husband's work, we (35)_______ to this small village three years ago. We arrived in the middle of January and it was snowy everywhere. The heating didn't (36)_______ and it was freezing cold. However, the welcome from our neighbours was warm and we continued to feel very much at home in the village. I have never once regretted coming here. 32. A. were B. be C. being D. was 33. A. in B. for C. to D. of 34. A. an B. what C. the D. such 35. A. replaced B. moved C. departed D. followed 36. A. burn B. work C. make D. happen VI. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer. Preparation is a key to a successful interview. Does the idea of going to a job interview make you feel a little nervous? Many people find that it is the hardest part of the employing process. But it is not really true. The more you prepare and practice, the more comfortable you will feel. You should find out as much as possible about the company before you go to the interview. Understand the products that they produce and the services that they provide. It is also good to know who the customers are and who the major competitors are. Practice makes perfect. It will also make you feel more confident and relaxed. So, practice your answers to common questions. Make a list of questions to ask, too. Almost all interviewers will ask if you have questions. This is a great opportunity for you to show your keenness, enthusiasm, and knowledge. Make a great impression. The interview is your chance to show that you are the best person for the job. Your application or resume has already exhibited that you are qualified. Now it is up to you to show how your skills and experience match this position and this company. The employer will be looking and listening to determine if you are a good fit. He/she will be looking for a number of different qualities, in addition to the skills that you possess. To make the best impression, dress appropriately; express your strengths; arrive early, by about 10-15 minutes; be enthusiastic; shake hands firmly; be an active listener; sit up straight and maintain eye contact; and ask questions After the interview, follow up with a thank-you note. This is a chance for you to restate your interest and how you can benefit the company. Your best bet is to try to time it so that the note gets there before the hiring: decision is made. You should also follow up with a phone call if you do not hear back from the employer within the specified time. 1. The pronoun it refers to ________. a. the job b. the interview c. the interviewer d. the preparation 2. What does the writer advise you to practice? a. Asking and answering questions related to the job. b. Making products that the company produces. c. Providing services that the company serves. d. Meeting some customers and competitors. 3. Which should not be shown during your interview? a. Punctuality b. A firm hand shaking c. Being properly-dressed d. Weaknesses 4. You can show your qualifications in the a. dressing style and punctuality b. competing with the competitors c. resume and letter of application d. eye contact with the interview 5. Which is not included in the writer's advice? a. You should not communicate with the interviewer after the interview. b. You 'should make the best impression in the interview. c. You should write a note to say thanks to the interviewer after the interview, d. You should telephone the interviewer for any information after the interview. KEYS 1 2 3 4 5 B A D C A TEST 10 I.Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words: 1. a. cooks b. loves c. joins d. spends 2. a. naked b. looked c. booked d. hooked 3. a.impolite b.kidding c.instance d.big II.Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest. 4. a. partnership b. romantic c. actually d. attitude 5. a. believe b. marriage c. response d. maintain 6. One of Vietnamese traditions is a belief in ___ families and in preserving their cultures. a. wealthy b. secure c. safe d. close-knit 7. A curriculum that ignores ethnic tensions, racial antagonisms, cultural _______ and religious differences is pot relevant. a. diversity b. contacts c. barriers d. levels 8. This is the instance where big, obvious non-verbal signals are appropriate. a. situation. B. attention c. place d. matter 9. Education has been developed in _______ with modern industry and the mass media. a. compulsory b. parallel c. selected d. following 10. She reads newspapers every day to look for the vacant _______ for which she can apply. a. institutions b. indications c. positions d. locations 11. Before the interview, you have to send a letter of application and your résumé to the company. a. recommendation b. reference c. curriculum vitae d. photograph 12. A _______ is a spacecraft that is designed to travel into space and back to earth several times. a. plane b. corporation c. telecommunication d. shuttle 13. He always ________ for a walk in the evening. A. go B. is going C. goes D. going 14. Her brother ______ in Canada at present. A. working B. works C. is working D. work 15. This picture .................... by Johnny when I came. A. painted B. was painted C. was being painted D. had been painted 16. Come into the kitchen, _____________? A. do you B. will you C. won’t you D. B and C 17. We should avoid ----------- our environment. A. to pollute B. polluting C . polluted D. being polluted 18. The letter I wrote was full ………….mistakes. A. with B. about C. of D. out 19. My son is _____ young to go to school. A. very B. too C. so D. enough 20. Is that the same film ______ we watched last year? A. when B. which C. why D. who 21. Every year, thousands of tourists visit………………. Nile River. A. a B. an C. the D. X 22. Martin asked me _______. A. how is my father B. how my father is C. how was my father D. how my father was 23. If I had gone to the party last night, I ………..tired now. A. am B. were C. would be D. would have been 24. It is _____ that many people are homeless after the floods. A. was reported B. reports C. reported D. reporting 25. Brenda: “Do you think it will rain?” Carol: “Oh! ……” A. I don’t hope B. I hope not C. I don’t hope so D. It’s hopeless 26. A: “Sorry I’m late.” –B: “_____” A. OK B. Don’t worry C. Hold the line, please D. Go ahead 27. - What a lovely hat you have! – Thanks. ……………. . A. that’s OK B. I don’t care C. I’m glad you like it D. certainly 28. Mary: “ Whose bicycle is that?” Tom: “________ .” A. No,it’s over there B. It’s Jane’s C. It’s just outside D. It’s your 29. A : ” Could I speak to Susie May , please ?” B : “........................” A.Speaking B.Talking C.Saying D.Answering III.Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction 30. We were advised not drinking the water in the bottle. A B C D 31. You can apply for a better job when you will have had more experience. A B C D 32. I like pupils who works very hard A B C D 33. It looks like they're going to succeed despite of their present difficulties. A B C D 34. If you had paid attention to your teachers, you might get much progress. A B C D IV.Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one. 35. I will take up golf this year. A. I will begin to play golf this year. B. I will stop playing golf this year. C. I will build a golf court this year. D. I will enter a golf competition this year. 36. It has been a long time since they met. A.They didn’t meet for a long time. B.They didn’t meet a long time. C.They haven’t met since a long time. D.They haven’t met for a long time. 37. ”I’m sorry I forgot your birthday”, Harry told Mary. A.Harry said sorry to Mary for forgetting her birthday. B.Harry felt sorry to forget Mary’s birthday. C.Harry apologized Mary for having forgotten her birthday. D.Harry really felt a pity not to remember Mary’s birthday. 38. It is said that two men were arrested after the explosion. A.People said two men be arrested after the explosion. B.Two men are said to be arrested after the explosion. C.Two men are said to have been arrested after the explosion. D.Two men were said to be arrested after the explosion. 39. Despite feeling cold, we kept walking. A. Although we felt cold, but we kept walking B. Although we felt cold, we kept walking C. However cold we felt, but we kept walking D. However we felt cold, we kept walking 40. She didn’t stop her car because she didn’t see the signal. A. If she saw the signal, she would stop her car. B. If she had seen the signal, she would stop her car. C. If she had seen the signal, she would have stopped her car. D. If she saw the signal, she would have stopped her car. V. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.: Face-to-face conversation is a two-way process: you speak to me, I reply to you and so on. Two- way (41)…….depends on having a coding system that is understood by both (42)……. And receiver and an agreed convention about signaling the beginning and end of the (43)…….. In speech the coding system is the language like English or Spanish; the convention that one person speaks at a time may seem too obvious (44)……. In fact, the signals that people use in conversations and meetings are often non-verbal. For example, lowering the pitch of voice may mean the end of a sentence; a sharp intake of breath may signal the desire to interrupt catching the chairman’s eye may indicate the desire to speak in a formal setting like a debate, a clenched fist may indicate anger. When these (45)…….signals are not possible, more formal signals may be needed. 41. A communication B exchange C interchange d/ correspondence 42. A transmitter B messenger C sender D announce 43. A idea B theme C topic D message 44. A mentioning B to mention C mentioned D mention. 45. A auditory B visual C verbal D sensory Ordinary houses are full of hazardous waste. The most important hazardous waste in the homes is batteries. When you throw them out with your other garbage, they break open at the landfill. The poison inside them moves through rain water and other liquids to the bottom of the landfill. Then it can pollute the natural water in the ground . We should use rechargeable batteries. Another hazardous waste in homes is motor oil. Don’t throw motor oil on the ground or throw it on the garbage. It poisons the environment. We should recycle motor oil. Paint is another kind of hazardous waste in homes. Some cities have a “Paint Exchange Day “. If you bring open , unused blue paint and want red, they give you red. Sometimes they mix the paints together into strange colours. If you paint walls with them , you help save the environment. 46. What is the most important dangerous waste in the homes? a. motor oil b. paint c. batteries d. garbage 47. How can batteries at the landfill pollute the underground water? a. They break open at the landfill b. Their poison moves to the bottom of the landfill. c. They move to the underground water. d. They combine with rain water and other liquids 48. Why should we use rechargeable batteries? a. To protect the environment b. They are durable c. They less pollute the environment d. They are convenient 49. Which of the following is not mentioned as hazardous waste in the homes? a. motor oil b. paint c. fumes d. batteries 50. If you paint walls with mixed paint from “ Paint Exchange Day” , you _______ a. help recycle the motor oil b. know how to use ‘ rechargeable batteries’ c. like strange colors d. help save the environment. B. REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES 1) Dùng phân từ: a) Dùng cụm V-ing : Dùng cho các mệnh đề mang nghĩa chủ động The man who is standing there is my brother. The man standing there is my brother b) Dùng cụm P.P: (V3/ V-ed) Dùng cho các mệnh đề mang nghĩa bị động . I like books which were written by Nguyen Du. I like books written by Nguyen Du. 2) Dùng cụm to inf: (... Noun/ Pronoun + to infinitive / to be + P.P... ) -Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các từ sau đây : ONLY, LAST, FIRST, SECOND... Ex: This is the only student who can do the problem. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động) This is the only student to do the problem. -Động từ là HAVE Ex: I have something that I must do now. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động) I have something to do now. -Câu bắt đầu bằng: HERE (BE), THERE (BE) Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today. (động từ mang nghĩa bị động) There are six letters to be written today. GHI NHỚ : Trong phần to inf này cần nhớ 2 điều sau: - Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to inf. Ex: We have some picture books that children can read. We have some picture books for children to read. Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone.... thì có thể không cần ghi ra. Ex: Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about. Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us ) to think about. - Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu. Ex: We have a peg on which we can hang our coat. We have a peg to hang our coat on. 3) Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ ) Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng: S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ Cách làm: -bỏ who ,which và be Ex: Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health. Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health. Football, a popular sport, is very good for health. Ex: Do you like the book which is on the table? Do you like the book on the table? PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI LOẠI RÚT GỌN: Bước 1 : - Tìm xem mệnh đề tính từ nằm chổ nào Bước này dễ vì mệnh đề tính từ thường bắt đầu bằng WHO,WHICH,THAT... Bước 2 : Bước này chủ yếu là rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm từ 1. Nhìn xem mệnh đề có công thức S + BE + CỤM DANH TỪ không ? Nếu có áp dụng công thức 3 . 2. Nếu không có công thức đó thì xem tiếp trứoc who which... có các dấu hiệu first ,only...v..v không ,nếu có thì áp dụng công thức 2 (to inf. ) lưu ý thêm xem 2 chủ từ có khác nhau không ( để dùng for sb ) 3. Nếu không có 2 trừong hợp trên mới xét xem câu đó chủ động hay bị động mà dùng V-NG hay P.P.. EXERCISE 2: Use reduced relative clauses 1. The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. The floor is dirty but I haven’t got a brush that I can sweep it with. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. My files are all over the place. I wish I had a box that I could keep them in. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to whom she could send cards. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. You are the last person who saw her alive. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. He simple loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which had been built on the Clyde. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. He was the second man who was killed in this way. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 11. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 12. Lady Astor was the first woman who took her seat in Parliament. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 13. Here are some accounts that you must check. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 14. People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss . ………………………………………………………………………………………… 15. He was the man who was saved in the fire . ………………………………………………………………………………………… 16. Anyone who doesn’t want to take part in the meeting must inform the board. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 17. The teacher who takes the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 18. .She’s just bought a handbag which was made of crocodile skin. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 19. I met a man who had been working in this factory for a long time. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 20. The story which was told by my grandma was interesting. ……………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE 3: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER: 1. That’s my friend,_______________ comes from Japan. A. which B. who C. whom D. where. 2. The plants which______________ in the living room need a lot of water. A. are B. be C. is D. was 3. She’s the woman_______________ sister looks after the baby for us. A. who B. which C. that’s D. whose 4. That’s the doctor for________________ Cliff works. A. that B. which C. whom D. whose 5. Marie,______________ I met at the party, called me last night. A. that B. whom C. which D. whose 6. I remember Alice,______________ rode the bus to school with. A. I B. whom I C. which I D. who 7. I used to enjoy the summer, ______________ we had a big family picnic. A. where B. when C. which D. that 8. Tell me about the city ______________ you grew up. A. that B. where C. which D. ø 9. Anna found the book that ________________ wanted at the bookshop. A. ø B. where C. she D. which 10. Please remember to take back to the library all the books _____________ are due this week. A. ø B. that C. when D. they 11. He likes the dress. Huong is wearing it A. He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it B. He likes the dress Huong is wearing it C. He likes the dress who Huong is wearing D. He likes the dress Huong is wearing 12. Most of the classmates couldn't come. He invited them to the birthday party A. Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come. B. Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come. C. Most of the classmates that he invited them to the birthday party couldn't come. D. Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come. 13. What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning. A. What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning? B. What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning? C. What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning? D. What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning? 14. The church is over 500 years old. Our class visited it last summer. C. A. The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old. B. The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old. The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old. D. The church our class visit last summer is over 500 years old. 15. The song says about the love of two young stdents. She is singing the song. A. The song which she is singing it says about the love of two young stdents. B. The song she is singing says about the love of two young stdents. C. The song says about the love of two young stdents which she is singing. D. The song says about the love of two young stdents that she is singing it. Exercise 4: choose the best option: 1) I talked to the girl________ car had broken down in front of the shop A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 2) Mr Richards, ________ is a taxi driver, lives on the corner. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 3) We often visit our aunt in Norwich _________ is in East Anglia. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 4) “Have you ever met the man ____ over there?” “No. Who is he?” A. stands B. is standing C. standing D. who he is standing 5) The boy ____ the piano is my son. A. who is playing B. that is playing C. playing D. All are correct 6) Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman _____ governor in the United States. A. who elected B. to be elected C. was elected D. her election as 7) That's Peter; the boy _________ has just arrived at the airport. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 8) Could I borrow the book _______ on Saturday at the bookshop. A. which bought B. bought C. buying D. was bought 9) Thank you very much for your e-mail _______ was very interesting A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 10) The man, _________father is a professor, forgot his umbrella. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 11) The boy ___________ A. for you are looking is Tom B. for that you are looking is Tom C. you are looking for is Tom. D. are looked for is Tom 12) The children, ________shouted in the street, are not from our school A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 13) Do you know the music which is being played on the radio? A. being played B. playing C. to play D. is being played 14) Here is the factory in________my uncle Nam works. A. which B. where C. that D. in which 15) This is the photograph of our friends_________ we went on holiday A. with who B. whom C. that D. with whom Exercise 5. Chọn từ/cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C, D) để hoàn thành mỗi câu sau: 1. We are talking about the writer ______ latest book is one of the best-sellers this year. A. which B. whose C. whom D. who 2. He bought all the books ______ are needed for the English course. A. that B. what C. those D. whose 3. The children, ______ parents work late, are taken home by bus. A. that B. whom C. whose D. their th 4. Our hotel, ______ is converted 17 century manor house, is very comfortable A. which B. that C. where D. when 5. Do you know the boy ______ at the party last week? A. we talked about B. about him we talked C. we talk about him D. who we talked about him 6. The exercises which we are doing ______ very difficult. A. is B. has been C. are D. was 7. The machine ______ has now been repaired. A. that broken down C. that broke down B. which are broken down D. which broke 8. The man ______ on the chair behind me kept talking during the film, ______ really annoyed me. A. having sat/ that B. sitting/ which C. to sit/ what D. to be sitting/ who 9. Neil Armstrong was the first person ______ foot on the moon. A. set B. setting C. to set D. who was set Exercise 6. Chọn phương án (A hoặc B, C, D) ứng với từ/cụm từ có gạch dưới cần phải sửa để các câu sau trở thành chính xác. 10. The man for who the police are looking robbed the bank yesterday. A B C D 11. Today, the number of people whom enjoy winter sports is almost double that of A B C D twenty years ago. 12. We work with a person his name is Albert. A B C D 13. There’s the woman who she told me about the handbag. A B C D 14. The man that you are looking for living next door. A B C D Exercise 7. Chọn từ/ cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C, D) để hòan thành mỗi câu sau: 1. This is the village in ______ my family and I lived for six years. A. which B. that C. whom D. where 2. She is the famous actress ______ everybody admires. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 3. The old building ______ was behind the local church fell down. A. of which B. which C. whose D. whom 4. My nephew ______ chose a lot of toys at the Toy World store for his father, ______ is my elder brother, paid a large amount of money. A. which / whose B. whom / who C. which / who D. who / who 5. They need a teacher ______ native language is English. A. who B. whose C. whom D. that 6. The food ______ I like best of all is pie alamode. A. who B. whose C. whom D. that 7. The man ______ was in charge of the management didn't seem friendly to us at all. A. who B. whom C. where D. when 8. The physics teacher, ______ behaviour I don't like much, makes things harder for the students. A. who B. that C. whom D. whose 9. We’ll come in August ______ the schools are on holiday. A. that B. where C. in which D. when 10. Justine, ______ parents live in Christchurch, has gone to Southampton. A. whom B. whose C. to whom D. which. 11. The person with ______ she's been working is very friendly. A. who B. that C. which D. whom 12. I think the Chinese are the people ______ habits are the most peculiar to us. A. which B. whom C. whose D. when Exercise 8. Chọn phương án (A hoặc B, C, D) ứng với từ/cụm từ có gạch dưới cần phải sửa để các câu sau trở thành chính xác. 13. My father will fly to Ha Noi, that is the capital city of Vietnam. A B C D 14. She is the most beautiful woman whose I have ever met A B C D 15. Every student who majors in English are ready to participate in the orchard contest. A B C D 16. The policeman must try to catch those men whom drive dangerously. A B C D 17. The singer about who I told you yesterday is coming here tomorrow. A B C D 18. Mother’s Day is the day when children show their love to their mother on. A B C D 19. Do you know the reason when English men travel to the left? A B C D 20. That is the man who he told me the bad news. A B C D Exercise 9. Chọn từ/ cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C, D) để hòan thành mỗi câu sau: 1. The people to ______ she was speaking didn't know German. A. who B. whose C. that D. whom 2. Is that the same film ______ we watched last year? A. when B. which C. why D. who 3. The girl ______ dress you admire has worked for this company since she left school. A. who B. what C. whose D. whom 4. The dam ______ they plan to build will cover acres of forest. A. which B. to which C. whom D. where 5. The girl ______ I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully. A. whose B. from whom C. from whose D. whom 6. He is a cricket player ______ abilities include fast bowling and powerful batting. A. where B. whose C. whom D. of which 7. You may enroll our course by e-mail _____ can be faster than other registration forms. A. who B. where C. which D. when 8. The pollution ______ they were talking is getting worse. A. that B. about which C. which D. whom 9. The young man ______ was released after the court was found innocent of all the charges against him. A. who B. who he C. which D. whose 10. Bournemouth, ______ we are going to visit, is a real paradise for the retired. A. that B. what C. which D. in which 11. The engineer ______ our company relies is on holiday. A. who B. whom C. whose D. on whom 12. The pupils ______ we took to the amusement park behaved themselves very well. A. whose B. with whom C. whom D. which Exercise 10. Chọn phương án (A hoặc B, C, D) ứng với từ cụm từ có gạch dưới cần phải sửa để các câu sau trở thành chính xác. 13. It is complicated because pollution is caused by things when benefit people. A B C D 14. New Year Day is the day where my family members gather and enjoy it together. A B C D 15. The man whom helped you yesterday is a television reporter. A B C D 16. I don’t know the reason on when Jonathan was sacked. A B C D 17. That commentator, his name I have forgotten, is very well-known. A B C D 18. What is the name of the girl whom has just come in? A B C D 19. I enjoyed the book that you told me to read it. A B C D 20. Have you ever been to Da Lat when my father has a lovely house? A B C D Exercise 11: Rewrite these sentences, using relative pronouns 1. Brenda is a friend. I went on holiday with her. -> ____________________________________________ 2. This is Mr Smith. His son Bill plays in our team. -> _____________________________________________ 3. Her book was published last year. It became a best seller. -> ______________________________________________ 4. This is the bank. We borrowed the money from it. -> ______________________________________________ 6. Do you know a restaurant? We can have a good meal there. -> _______________________________________________ 7. We study in a school which was built in 1956. -> ______________________________________________. 8. John was the last student that left the lecture hall -> ______________________________________________ Exercise 12: Choose the underline word or phrase in each sentence that needs correcting 1. It’s the best novel which I have never read. A B C D 2. This is the place when the battle took place forty years ago. A B C D 3. Dr Harder, that is the professor for this class, will be absent this week because of illness. A B C D 4. The girl is standing over there is from Australia A B C D 5. It was a kind of machine with that we were not familiar. A B C D 6. He is the second person be killed in that way. A B C D th 7. The 14 Asian games, held in Korea in 2002, attracted many participants. A B C D Exercise 13: Underline the most suitable word to complete each sentence. 1. My friend,Jack,(that, who, whose) parents live in Glasgow, invited me to spend Christmas in Scotland. 2. Here’s the computer program (that, whom, whose) I told you about. 3. I don’t believe the story (that, who, whom) she told us. 4. Peter comes from Witney,(that, who, which) is near Oxford. 5. This is the gun with (that, whom, which) the murder was committed. 6. Is this the person (who, which, whose) you asked me about. 7. Have you received the parcel (whom, whose, which) we sent you? Exercise 14 1. Sunday is the day..........I go to Water park with my kids. A. when B. where C. why D. which 2. That was the reason..........he didn't marry her. A. when B. where C. why D. which 3. An architect is someone..........deigns buildings. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 4. The boy to..........I lent my money is poor. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 5. The land and the people..........I have met are nice. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 6. I can answer the ..........you say is very difficult. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 7. This is the place..........the battle took place ten years ago. A. which B. in where C. where D. from where 8. Sunday is the day..........which we usually go fishing. A. during B. at C. in D. on 9. This is the last time..........I speak to you. A. of which B. whose C. that D. which 10. He talked about the books and the authors..........interested him. A. who B. that C. which D. whom 11. Bondi is the beautiful beach..........I used to sunbathe. A. when B. where C. which D. why 12. Dec 26th, 05 was the day..........the terrible tsunami happened. A. when B. where C. which D. why 13. The woman..........lives next my door is doctor. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 14. The boy..........Mary likes is my son. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 15. The boy..........eyes are brown is my son. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 16. The table..........legs are broken should be repaired. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 17. The town..........we are living is noisy and crowded A. where B. in where C. which D. at which 18. The year..........we came to live here was 1997 A. when B. which C. that D. in the time 19. The worker..........house is next to mine died this morning. A. whose B. whom C. which D. whose 20. The lady..........son went on a picnic with us last weekend is a teacher at our school. A. who B. whom C. whose D. that 21. Take..........measures you consider best. A. whatever B. however C. whenever D. wherever 22. ..........difficulties you may encounter, I'm sure you'll succeed. A. how B. whatever C. however D. how great 23. He is the only friend..........I like. A. who B. whom C. that D. whose 24. I didn't get the job..........which I applied. A. in B. on C. at D. for 25. The man..........whom she is married has been married twice before. A. in B. on C. at D. to 26. I wasn't interested in the things..........which they were talking. A. in B. on C. at D. about 27. The bed..........which I slept was too soft. A. in B. on C. at D. for 28. The party..........which we went wasn't very enjoyable. A. in B. on C. at D. to 29. The flight..........which we wanted to travel was fully booked. A. in B. on C. at D. for 30. She is the most beautiful girl..........ever lived. A. who B. whom C. whose D. that 31. The decision was postponed,..........was exactly what he wanted. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 32. All the people..........have gone into the room are still young. A. who B. whom C. whose D. that 33. Jack has three brothers, all of..........are married. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 34. They gave us a lot of information, most of..........was useless. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 35. There were a lot of people at the party, only a few of..........I had met before. A. who B. whom C. them D. that 36. . I have sent him two letters, neither of..........has arrived. A. who B. them C. which D. that 37. John won $,600, half of..........he gave to his parents. A. whom B. which C. that D. it 38. Ten people applied for the job, none of..........were suitable. A. who B. whom C. them D. that 39. Jill isn't on the phone,..........makes it difficult to contact her. A. which B. that C. who D. it 40. Bod is the kind of person to..........one can talk about anything. A. who B. whom C. that D. him 41. He is a person..........friends trust him. A. who B. whose C. his D. that 42. Your career should focus on a field in................you are genuinely interested. A. which B. what C. that D. why 43. People..........outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people. A. whose B. whom C. that D. which 45. They said they didn't have any money,..........was a pity. A. which B. that C. this D. it 46. I haven't got a passport...........means I can't leave my country. A. which B. that C. this D. it 47. The part of town where I live is very noisy at night,..........makes it difficult to sleep. A. which B. where C. that D. this 48. That is the place..........the accident occurred. A. where B. which C. on which D. that 49. The boys ……………. tennis over there are my new neighbor. A. who plays B. playing C. that playing D. are playing 50. He read the Old Man and The Sea, a novel ………….by Ernest Hemingway. A. written B. which written C. writing D. that wrote @. THEORY: Relative adverbs When: là trang từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, dùng sau danh từ chỉ thời gian. Thay thế cho at/on/in + danh từ thời gian hoặc then. May Day is a day when people hold a meeting. Where: là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, dùng sau danh từ chỉ nơi chốn. Thay thế cho at/on/in + danh từ nơi chốn hoặc there. Do you know the country where I was born? Why: Why là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do. Why thay cho for which, for the reason. Time Place Reason When = in/ on/ at + which (thay in/ on/ at + danh từ chỉ thời gian, then) Where = in/ on/ at + which (thay in/ on/ at + danh từ chỉ nơi chốn, there) Why = for which (thay for the reason/ for the cause) @. EXERCISES: Exercise 1: choose the best option: 1. This is my beloved school ____ I studied when I was young. A. which B. that C. where D. when 2. I would like to know the reason _____ he decided to quit the job. A. where B. when C. why D. that 3. There was a time ____ dinosaurs dominated the earth. A. which B. when C. that D. why 4. February is a month _____ many of my colleagues take skiing holidays. A. when B. which C. that D. who 5. I come from the Seattle area, ____ many successful companies such as Microsoft and Boeing are located. A. which B. where C. when D. that 6. Mexico City, _____ has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing city in the world. A. which B. whose C. that D. A & B are correct 7. Sunday is the day ____ I am least busy on. A. where B. when C. which D. that 8. He likes shopping between 1.00 and 3.00 pm, _______ most people are at home. A. when B. where C. in which D. at that 9. Sunday is the day on ____ I am least busy. A. where B. when C. which D. that 10. He lives in a small town ………. A. where is called Taunton B. which is called Taunton C. is called Taunton D. that called Taunton Exercise 2: Fill in the gaps with who, whom, which, whose, when, where, why 1. The men lives next-door are English. 2. The dictionary you gave me is very good. 3. Do you know the girls _____ are standing outside the church? 4. That is the place _________the accident occurred. 5. July and August are the months _________most people go on holiday. 6. Do you know the reason _________so many people in the world learn English? 7. This is the church __________Sue and Peter got married. 8. A famine was the cause ______so many Irish people migrated to the USA in the 19th century. 9. The family _________ car was stolen last week is the Smiths. 10. Hawaii is the beautiful beach ________ I used to sunbathe. Exercise 3: Choose the underline word or phrase in each sentence that needs correcting 1. This is the place when the battle took place forty years ago. A B C D 2. He was very surprised when he visited Lodon, in that the drivers always drive on the right hand side of A B C D the street 3. Do you know the reason when Enghlishmen travel to the left? A B C D 4. New Year Day is the day when all family members gather together on. A B C D 5. Peter said that it was her which had stolen his suitcase. A B C D 6. I was not aware of the place where Peter had spent his holidays in. A B C D HOMEWORK: Choose the best option 1. Sue lives in the house. The house is opposite my house. A. Sue lives in the house which is opposite her house. B. Sue lives in the house which is opposite my house. C. Sue lives in the house which opposite my house. D. Sue lives in the house it is opposite my house. 2. The house is green. Lan lives in this house A. The house where Lan lives is green. B. The house which Lan lives in is green. C. The house in which Lan lives is green. D. All of them are correct 3. This house was built years ago. It is still in very good shape. A. This house, which built years ago, is still in very good shape. B. This house, built years ago, is still in very good shape. C. This house, building years ago, is still in very good shape. D. This house, which was built years ago is still in very good shape. 4. They’ll never forget the day. Their wedding took place on that day. A. They’ll never forget the day where their wedding took place. B. They’ll never forget the day when their wedding took place on that day. C. They’ll never forget the day on which their wedding took place. D. They’ll never forget the day when their wedding took place on. 5. You didn’t tell us the reason. We had to cut down our daily expenses for that reason. A. You didn’t tell us the reason which we had to cut down our daily expenses. B. You didn’t tell us the reason why we had to cut down our daily expenses for. C. You didn’t tell us the reason for why we had to cut down our daily expenses. D. You didn’t tell us the reason for which we had to cut down our daily expenses 6. The city was famous for its food. We spent our vacation in that city A. The city was famous for its food which we spent our vacation. B. The city was famous for its food which we spent our vacation in that city. C. The city was famous for its food where we spent our vacation. D. The city was famous for its food where We spent our vacation in WORD FORMATION A- MỘT SỐ CÁCH THÀNH LẬP LOẠI TỪ: I- DANH TỪ: 1) Tiền tố: super-/under-/sur-/sub-/over- + N ---> N supermarket siêu thị underachievement đạt dưới mức surface bề mặt superman siêu nhân subway tàu điện ngầm overexpenditure chi tiêu quá 2) Hậu tố: a) V + -ion/-tion/-ation/-ition/-sion ---> N addition sự thêm vào production sản xuất repetition sự lặp lại permission sự cho phép conservation sự bảo tồn pollution sự ơ nhiễm b) V + -ment/-ance/-ence/-age/-ing/-al ---> N employment việc làm attendance sự có mặt difference sự khác nhau marriage sự kết hôn swimming việc bơi lội arrival sự đến c) V + -er/-or/-ant/-ee/ ---> N driver tài xế actor diễn viên nam employee người làm thuê interviewee người được phỏng vấn accountant kế tóan applicant người xin việc d) N + -ist/-an/-ian/-ess ---> N physicist nhà vật lý American người Mỹ actress nữ diễn viên musician nhạc sĩ librarian thủ thư scientist nhà khoa học e) Adj + -y/-ity/-ness/-ism/-dom/ -ship ---> N difficulty khó khăn responsibility trách nhiệm happiness sự hạnh phúc capitalism Chủ nghĩa tư bản freedom sự tự do friendship tình bạn 3) THE + ADJ ---> NOUN the poor, the blind, the deaf, the old, the sick, the weak, the unemployed, the disabled, the dead, the young… II- ĐỘNG TỪ: 1) Tiền tố: a) dis-/mis-/re-/over-/under-/out- + V ---> V disagree khơng đồng ý misunderstand hiểu nhầm redo làm lại overcook nấu quá chín undersell bán rẻ hơn outweigh nặng hơn b) en- + N/V/Adj ---> V enable làm cho cĩ thể endanger gây nguy hiểm 2) Hậu tố: Adj/N + -ize/-en/-ate/-fy ---> V enrich làm giàu industrialize Công nghiệp hóa widen làm rộng ra beautify làm đẹp originate bắt nguồn lighten làm nhẹ đi modernize hiện đại hóa III- TÍNH TỪ: 1) Tiền tố: un-/in-/im-/ir-/il-/dis- + Adj ---> Adj unlucky không may inexact không chính xác irregular không có qui tắc impossible không thể illogical không hợp lý dishonest không trung thực 2) Hậu tố: a) N + -ly/-like/-less/-ish/-y/-ful/-al/-ic/ ---> Adj daily hằng ngày childlike như con nít treeless không có cây selfish ích kỷ rainy có mưa peaceful hòa bình agricultural nông nghiệp scientific khoa học successful thành công b) V/N + -ive/-able/-ible ---> Adj attractive hấp dẫn acceptable có thể chấp nhận defensible có thể bảo vệ eatable có thể ăn được active năng động comprehensible có thể hiểu IV- TRẠNG TỪ: Phần lớn: Adj + -ly ---> Adv Slowly một cách chậm chạp carefully một cách cẩn thận safely một cách an tòan B- MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC NHẬN DIỆN LOẠI TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP: 1. a/ an/ the/ this/ that… my/ her/ his…/ Mary’s + (adj) + N many/ some/ a lot of… Ex: She is a beautiful girl. 2. danh từ chỉ sự đo lường, tuổi tác + (adj) Ex: This table is two meters long. 3. V (MAKE, KEEP, FIND…) + O He’s twenty years old. ADJ Ex: We should keep our room clean. 4. Linking verbs (be, become, feel, look, taste, sound, smell, seem, get, appear…) + ADJ + ADJ Ex: It becomes hot today. 5. đại từ bất định (something, someone, anything, anybody, everything, nobody…) Ex: Do you have anything important to tell me? 6. ADV + ADJ Ex: Your story is very interesting. 7. Hình thức hiện tại phân từ (-ING): Diễn tả nhận thức của người nói về người/việc gì đó. Ex: That film is interesting. (Bộ phim đó hay.) (Người xem nhận thấy bộ phim hay.) Hình thức quá khứ phân từ (-ED): Diễn tả cảm giác của người nói do người/việc gì đó đem lại. Ex: I am confused about the question. (Tôi bị bối rối về câu hỏi.) (Câu hỏi làm tôi bối rối.) 8. Trạng từ thể cách bổ nghĩa cho động từ Ex: She drives carefully LƯU Ý: - fast (nhanh), early (sớm), late (trễ), hard (chăm chỉ) vừa là tính từ vừa là trạng từ. Ex: Jack is a very fast runner. - Phân biệt: late (trễ) Jack can run very fast. lately (gần đây) (= recently) hard (chăm chỉ) hardly (hầu như không) - Một số tính từ tận cùng –LY: friendly (thân thiện), lovely (dễ thương), lively (sống động), ... - Trạng từ tần suất đứng trước động từ thường, sau BE, trợ động từ và modals Ex: She doesn’t often go with him. He can seldom find time for reading. Word form Exercise: Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets. 1. Your new dress makes you more _____________. (beauty) 2. You should do these exercises _____________. (quick) 3. The industrial __________ will lead to the country’s prosperity. (develop) 4. Some large cities have had measures to minimize air ____________. (pollute) 5. I will come to the party because I accept the _______________. (invite) 6. The ___________ of the Hollywood actor, Jimmy Halton, was announced last night. (die) 7. This company offered a lot of __________ jobs. (attract) 8. We often go to the theater at weekends for ____________. (entertain) 9. He is a famous……………………. (act) 10. You must ................................. the answer you choose. (dark) 11. We have a lot of …………..............……….……… in learning English. (difficult) 12. I felt very …………..............……… when I was a member of our school team. (excite) 13. He speaks English ..................................... (fluency) 14. We are very proud of our………..............………. (friend) 15. He does exercise every morning, so he is very…………..............……….……… (health) 16. Her parents’ …………..............……….……… makes her very sad. (ill) 17. News on TV is very ...................... (inform) 18. What is his ............................? (nation) 19. Everybody loves ................................ beauty. (nature) 20. It is cloudy and .......................... today. (rain) Multiple choice 28. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school. a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically 29. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done. a. responsible b. responsibility c. responsibly d. irresponsible 30. Many Vietnamese people ______ their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation a. sacrifice b. sacrificed c. sacrificial d. sacrificially 31. They had a ______ candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage. a. romance b. romantic c. romantically d. romanticize 32. She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation. a. polite b. politely c. politeness d. impoliteness 33. As an _______, Mr. Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency. a. educate b. education c. educator d. educative 34. He was the only _______ that was offered the job. a. apply b. application c. applicant d. applying 35. Many people have objected to the use of animals in _____ experiments. a. science b. scientist c. scientific d. scientifically 36. _______ is increasing, which results from economic crisis. a. Employment b. Unemployment c. Employ d. Unemployed 37. _______! I have heard of your success in the new project. a. Congratulate b. Congratulating c. Congratulation d. Congratulations 38. A / an _______ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct. a. dangerous b. endanger c. endangered d. endangerment 39. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____. a. extinct b. extinction c. extinctive d. extinctly 40. They are going to _______ the pool to 1.8 meter. a. deep b. depth c. deepen d. deeply 41. The referee had no hesitation in awarding the visiting team a _______. a. penalty b. penalize c. penal d. penalization 42. The referee's _______ is the most important in any sport competition. a. decide b. decisive c. decision d. decider 43. Johnny used to be one of the most _______ athletes in my country. a. succeed b. success c. successful d. successfully 44. The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many _______ volunteers. a. support b. supporter c. supportive d. supportively 45. He was so _______ that he could not even say a word. a. nerve b. nerves c. nervous d. nervously 46. I am really _______ in the way he talks, but the way he behaves. a. interest b. interested c. interesting d. interestingly 47. Thanks to labor-saving devices, women have more time to take part in _______ activities. a. society b. social c. socially d. socialize TAG QUESTIONS ( CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI ) I. CÁCH THÀNH LẬP 1. Câu hỏi đuôi gồm có: chủ ngữ (phải là đại từ nhân xưng) và trợ động từ hay động từ đặc biệc. 2. Nếu câu phát biểu ở thể xác định thì câu hỏi đuôi ở thể phủ định và ngược lại. 3. Nếu câu hỏi đuôi ở thể phủ định thì phải dùng hình thức tĩnh lược (contractive form). Ví dụ: STATEMENTS QUESTION-TAGS He is a good boy, isn’t he? The girl didn't come here yesterday, did she? They will go away, won't they? She hasn't left, has she? II. CHÚ Ý: a. Phần đuôi của “ I am” là “ aren’t I “ . Eg: I’m going to do it again, aren’t I? b. Imperatives and Requests ( Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu): + Có phần đuôi là “won’t you?” khi câu phát biểu diễn tả lời mời: Eg:Take your seat, won’t you? + Có phần đuôi là “will you?” khi câu phát biểu diễn tả lời yêu cầu hoặc mệnh lệnh phủ định Eg: Open the door, will you? ( Xin vui lòng mở cửa) Don’t be late, will you ? (Đừng đi trễ nha) c. Phần đuôi của câu bắt đầu bằng “ Let’s ...” : là “shall we ?” Eg: Let’s go swimming, shall we? Nhưng phần đuôi của “Let us / Let me” là “will you” d. Nothing, anything, something, everything được thay là thế bằng “ It” ở câu hỏi đuôi: Eg : Everything will be all right, won’t it? No one, Nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone được thay thế bằng “They” trong câu hỏi đuôi. Eg: Someone remembered to leave the messages, didn’t they? Lưu ý: Nothing, Nobody, No one được dùng trong mệnh đề chính, động từ ở câu hỏi đuôi sẽ phải ở dạng thức xác định. (Vì Nothing, Nobody, No one có nghĩa phủ định) Eg: Nothing gives you more pleasure than listening to music, does it ? e. This/ That được thay thế là “It”. Eg: This won’t take long, will it? f. These/ Those được thay thế là “They”. Eg: Those are nice, aren’t they? g. Khi trong câu nói có từ phủ định như: seldom, rarely, hardly, no, without, never, few, little… phần đuôi phải ở dạng khẳng định. Eg: He seldom goes to the movies, does he? h. Nếu câu phát biểu có dạng : You ‘d better → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là : hadn’t you ? You’d rather → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là : wouldn’t you ? You used to → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là : didn’t you ? III. Ý nghĩa của câu hỏi đuôi:Ý nghĩa của câu hỏi đuôi phụ thuộc vào ngữ điệu diễn đạt nó:- Nếu ta hạ giọng, có nghĩa là ta thực sự đặt câu hỏi cho người đối thoại và ta muốn người nghe đồng tình với mìnhNếu ta lên giọng câu hỏi đuôi thì ta muốn hỏi lại người nghe EXERCISE : Add tag questions to the following. 1/ They want to come,………………….? 2/ Elizabeth is a dentist, ……………….. ? 3/ They won’t be here, …………………? 4/ That is your umbrella, ………………….? 5/ There aren’t many people here yet, …………….. ? 6/ He has a bicycle,……………………? 7/ Peter would like to come with us to the party, ……………………..? 8/ Those aren’t Fred’s books, ………? 9/ You have never been to Paris,…………? 10/ Something is wrong with Jane today, ………… ? 11/ Everyone can learn how to swim, ……………… ? 12/ Nobody cheated in the exam, ………………….. ? 13/ Nothing went wrong while I was gone, ………… ? 14/ I am invited, ………………….? 15/ This bridge is not very safe,……………..? 16/ These sausages are delicious, …………….? 17/ You haven’t lived here long, …………? 18/ The weather forecast wasn’t very good, ……………. ? 19/ He’d better come to see me, .............. ? 20/ You need to stay longer, ................................? Exercise 1: Complete the sentences by adding tag questions 1. You will go to Hanoi, _________? 2. She can swim well, ___________? 3. The car does not look nice, ________? 4. There are a lot of students in your class, ____________? 5. Mary and Peter can’t lift this bag, ______________? 6. Do it right now, ____________? 7. I am duty today, _____________? 8. Everybody looks happy today, _____________? 9. Nothing will influence his paln, ____________? 10. The boys have not finished their exercises, ____________? Exercise 2: Choose the best answer: 1. Let’s have a picnic on the beach, __________? A. will you B. shall we C. aren’t you 2. Don’t tell him about this, _____________? A. shall we B. don’t you C. will you 3. He must be there, _________? A. must he B. mustn’t he C. doesn’t he 4. I am right, _________? A. am I B. am not I C. aren’t I 5. He never been to English before, __________? A. is he B. hasn’t he C. has he 6. She loves him very much, __________? A. doesn’t she B. does she C. didn’t she 7. Tom went to the coutryside yesterday, __________? A. doesn’t he B. did’t he C. did he 8. She had to do the shopping, ________? A. hadn’t she B. had she C. did she 9. They seldom go to the theatre, ____________? A. do they B. don’t they C. did they D. don’t we D. won’t you D. didn’t he D. aren’t you D. isn’t he D. did she D. didn’t Tom D. didn’t she D. didn’t they 10. No one died in that accident, ___________? A. didn’t he B. did he C. didn’t they Exercise 3: Error identification: 1. Nothing can change her decision, can they? A B C D 2. Mr. Smith never smokes cigarettes, doesn’t he? A B C D 3. There weren’t many people at the meeting, were they? A B C D 4. Nobody is a better cook than his mother, is she? A B C D 5. Let’s go for a long walk, will we? A B C D HOMEWORK: Complete the blanks with tag questions: 1. Don’t drop it, ___________? 2. You may travel this week, __________? 3. She rarely goes to parties, ___________? 4. Someone took her book, ___________? 5. You’d better give up smoking, ___________? 6. This is the second time you have been here, ____________? 7. The weather was hot, ________________? D. did they I. Choose the word or phrase A, B, C or D that best completes the sentence: 1. No one is better cook than his mother, ______? A. is she B. isn’t she C. are they D. aren’t they 2. Do it right now, ______? A. will you B. shall you C. do you D. don’t you 3. There are no easy ways to learn a foreign language, _______? A. are they B. are there C. aren’t they D. aren’t there 4. He seldom goes to the library, ______? A. doesn’t he B. is he C. does he D. isn’t he 5. Let’s go for a long walk, ______? A. will we B. shall we C .don’t you D. do you 6. I think he will join us, _____? A. doesn’t he B. won’t he C. will he D. don’t I 7. The film is good, _______________? A. is it B. are they C. isn’t it D. aren’t they 8. You are going to the party, ____________? A. is you B. are you C. aren’t you D. were you 9. He can speak English, _________________ ? A. can he B. can’t he C. can’t him D. could he 10. You don’t know him,__________________ ? A. do you B. don’t you C. are you D. aren’t you 11. Lan speaks Chinese very well, __________? A. does she B. doesn’t she C. is she D. was she 12. John has worked hard, _________________? A. does he B. did he C. has he D. hasn’t he 13. They invited him to the party, ___________? A. do they B. don’t they C. did they D. didn’t they 14. They are leaving here tomorrow________? A. do they B. are they C. aren’t they D. did they 15. I’m a bit late, ______? A. am not I B. aren’t you C. are you D. aren’t I 16. No one is indifferent to praise, ______? A. is one B. isn’t one C. is he D. are they 17. Somebody has left these socks on the bathroom floor, ______? A. have they B. haven’t they C. has he D. hasn’t he 18. James owns a restaurant, ______? A. does he B. is he C. doesn’t he D. didn’t he 19. You aren’t too busy to talk, ______? A. are you B. have you C. aren’t D. do you 20. The ticket to London doesn’t cost a lot, ______? A. do they B. does it C. is it D. isn’t it 21. You don’t need me any more, ______? A. do I B. don’t I C. do you D. don’t you 22. Nobody knows who invited the wheel, ______? A. do they B. don’t they C. does it D. doesn’t it 23. Harry was working in Bristol then, ______? A. was Harry B. wasn’t he C. was he D. didn’t he 24. You’ll be home before midnight, ______? A. will you B .won’t you C. are you D. won’t you be 25. David is bringing some wine, ______? A. is he B. isn’t he C. is David D. isn’t David 26. Don’t leave anything behind, ______? A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. shall we 27. That isn’t Bill driving, ______? A. is it B. is that C. isn’t that D. isn’t it 28. Nobody likes the play, __________? A. do they B. don’t they C. didn’t they D. did they 29. The children can read English, __________? A. can’t they B. can they C. they can D. they can’t 30. Your grandfather was a millionaire, ______? A. was he B. is he C. wasn’t he D. isn’t he 31. Your brother’s here, ______? A. is he B. are he C. isn’t he D. aren’t he 32. That was Ann on the phone, ______? A. was it B. was that C. wasn’t that D. wasn’t it 33. Tom didn't see her, ______? A. did Tom B. did he C. do Tom D. does he 34. Mary wasn't angry, ______? A. was she B. is she C. wasn’t she D. was Mary 35. Susan doesn't like oysters, ______? A. did she B. does she C. doesn’t she D. she does II. Add question tags to the following statements: 1. He hardly ever makes a mistake, _______ ? 2. Nobody likes the play, _______ ? 3. He isn’t here, _______ ? 4. This is your pen, _______ ? 5. Somebody wanted a drink, _______ ? 6. You’ve been to Ha Noi, _______ ? 7. He used to live here, _______ ? 8. Those aren’t your books, _______ ? 9. Neither of them offered to help you_______ ? 10. Nothing went wrong yesterday, ___________ ? 11. Mrs. Brown usually remembered her husband’s birthdays, _______ ? 12. It is not a very good book, _______ ? 13. This won’t take long, _______ ? 14. You don’t need me any more, ______? 15. It never works very well, _______ ? SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT ( SỰ HÒA HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ ) Có nhiều nguyên tắc hòa hợp trong điểm ngữ pháp này, tuy nhiên chúng tôi chỉ chọn lựa một số nguyên tắc cơ bản và phổ biến nhất để các em học sinh dễ nắm bắt và vận dụng. A. Nguyên tắc chung: Động từ (V) Chủ ngữ (S) He, she, it và các danh từ số ít Động từ số ít You, we, they và các danh từ số nhiều Động từ số nhiều - Hình thức của động từ số ít: is/was/has/động từ có s hoặc es. - Hình thức của động từ số nhiều: are/were/have/động từ có hình thức giống như nguyên mẫu. B. Một số nguyên tắc hồ hợp cơ bản: 1. Chủ ngữ gồm hai hoặc nhiều phần nối với nhau bằng and V số nhiều Eg: My brother and sister live in Boston. 2. Chủ ngữ gồm 2 phần nối với nhau bằng either… or, neither… nor, not only…but also V hòa hợp với phần gần nó nhất. Eg: Either Thursday or Friday is ok. 3. Chủ ngữ có thêm phần as well as, with, together with, along with V vẫn chỉ hòa hợp với phần S đầu tiên. Eg: George, together with his friends, is buying a race horse. 4. Chủ ngữ là cụm từ chỉ sự đo lường (được xem như là một tổng thể) V là số ít. Eg: Thirty pounds seems a reasonable price. 5. Nếu có 1 cụm từ hay mệnh đề theo sau một danh từ làm chủ ngữ V chỉ hòa hợp với danh từ đầu tiên. Eg: The house between the two bungalows is empty. The house they used to live in is now empty. 6. Chủ ngữ là 1 cụm từ hay 1 mệnh đề V số ít. Eg: Through the trees is the nearest way. Opening my presents was exciting. 7. Every one of, each of, one of + danh từ số nhiều V số ít. Eg: One of these letters is for you. 8. A (large) number of, the majority of, a lot of, some of + danh từ số nhiều V số nhiều. Eg: The majority of people have complained. * The number of V số ít 9. Each, every + danh từ số ít V số ít Eg: Each book and magazin is listed in the card catolog 10. None of, neither of, either of + danh từ số nhiều V số ít. Eg: None of the students has failed the test * Có thể dùng V số nhiều nhưng không trang trọng (informal English) 11. Đại từ bất định như Something, everything, nothing… V số ít Eg: Someone was waiting at the door 12. Danh từ không đếm được V số ít. Eg: This water is not safe enough to drink. 13. Một số danh từ có hình thức số nhiều nhưng mang nghĩa số ít V số ít. Eg: Mathematics is one of my core subjects 14. There is/was + danh từ số ít. There are/were + danh từ số nhiều. Eg: There are twenty five students in my class There was an accident last night. 15. Một số danh từ có hình thức số ít nhưng mang nghĩa số nhiều V số nhiều. Eg: The police are investigating the crime. 16. The + tính từ làm chủ ngữ V số nhiều. Eg: The sick are well cared in the hospital I. SUBJECT AND VERB IN A SENTENCE MUST AGREE IN PERSON AND NUMBER: Ex: Her dress is beautiful. Those cars are very modern. II. CÁC CHỦ TỪ CÓ ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA SỐ ÍT 1.Chủ ngữ gồm nhiều danh từ nối với nhau bằng “And” nhưng chỉ cùng một người, một vật 2.Chủ ngữ là một khoảng thời gian/ tiền bạc/ khoảng cách/ trọng lượng. 3.Chủ ngữ bắt đầu là That hoặc V-ing 4.Chủ ngữ là một nhóm từ/ tên một quyển sách, bài báo, câu chuyện, bộ phim/ câu trích dẫn (thường trong ngoặc kép) 5.Chủ ngữ là News (tin tức), Môn học: mathematics, physics, Bệnh: mumps, measles, Địa danh: The Philippines… 6.Danh từ không đếm được: furniture, water, traffic, knowledge, homework… 7.Chủ ngữ là những đại từ bất định. Each, every, either, neither + N(số ít) Every/ any/ no/ some (body, thing, one) Each, every, either, neither + of + N (số nhiều) III. CÁC CHỦ TỪ CÓ ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA SỐ NHIỀU 1. S1 + and + S2 + V(số nhiều) Ex. Lan and Tam are classmates in this school year. 2. Khi chủ ngữ là 1 đại ngữ: several, both, many, few, all, some. Ex. Several of the students are absent. 3. Danh từ được thành lập bởi mạo từ The + Adjective để chỉ 1 nhóm người: The rich, The blind,…. IV. SOME SPECIAL CASES (một số trường hợp đặc biệt) 1. Hai chủ ngữ được kết nối với nhau bằng: Either……or; Neither…….nor; Or; Not only…..but also thì động từ phù hợp với chủ từ thứ 2 2. A number of + N(số nhiều) + Verb số nhiều The number of + N(số nhiều) + verb số ít. 3. Với các từ sau: giới từ (of, on, with..) along with (cùng với), together with, as well as (cũng như), like (như là), accompained by (được đi kèm bởi), plus (cộng với) ==> thì động từ phù hợp với chủ từ thứ 1 4. One third ./ two third // half / all / some, none, no, plenty, most, the rest, a lot/ lots + of + N đếm được + Verb số nhiều + N không đếm được (số ít )+ Verb số ít SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT Exercise 1: Circle the best answer. 1. One of ____________ a goldfish bowl on her kitchen table. a. my friend keep b. my friend keeps c. my friends keep d. my friends keeps 2. Every ____________ love. a. man, woman and child needs c. man, woman and child need b. men, women and children needs d. men, women and children need 3. One of the girls who ____________ in this office ____________ my niece a. works / is b. work / is c. works / are d. work / are 4. Neither Lan nor her parents ____________ the film. a. like b. Likes c. is like d. are like 5. Each ____________ the same as the day before. a. days was b. day was c. days were d. day were 6. More men than ____________ left handed. a. woman are b. woman is c. women are d. women is 7. Every one of the students ____________ on time for class a. is b. are c. were d. have been 8. There ____________ some money on the table. a. are b. were c. have been d. is 9. This information about taxes ____________ helpful a. were b. have been c. is d. are 10. The vegetables in the bowl on the table ____________ fresh. a. looks b. smells c. are d. is c. letter make d. letters make 11. Writing ____________ her happy a. letter makes b. letters makes 12. None of the money robbed from the banks last year ____________ yet. a. has been found b. have been found c. has found d. have found 13. My father and mother ____________ for the same company. a. works b. work c. is working d. has worked 14. The elderly ____________ this kind of music, but the young ____________. a. don’t like / does b. doesn’t like / does c. don’t like / do d. doesn’t like / do Exercise 2: Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. The news about Mr Hogan (be) surprising. 2. Fifty minutes (be) the maximum length of the time allowed for the exam. 3. Many people in the world (not have) enough food to eat. 4. The poor (need) help from the community. 5. Listening to loud music at rock concerts (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers these days. 6. There (be) a lot of sheep in the field. 7. Ten miles (be) too far to walk. 8. Not only John but also his friends (want) to buy this race horse. 9. A number of students (recently participate) in intensive language programs abroad. 10. Sarah, along with 20 students, (plan) a party now. 11. The number of students who (withdraw) from class since the term began (be) quite high. 12. There (be) at least one window in every room. 13. A lot of students in my class (speak) and (undrstand) Spanish. 14. The trousers Lan’s bought (not, go) best with her shirt. 15. The information she gave me (be not) valuable. 16. The number of days in a week (be) seven. 17. Either you or he (have) to do the task. 18. Two years without a job (be) too long to be. 19. Every girl and boy (be) required to have certain immunizations before enrolling in public school. 20. Neither of John’s parents (be) English. Exercise 3: Find the incorrect part A, B, C and D. 1. Each of the rooms have its own bathroom. A B C D 2. Everybody who have a fever must go home immediately A B C D 3. Twenty five dollars are all I can afford to pay for this recorder A B C D 4. All of the windows in my house was broken in the earthquake. A B C D 5. The actress, along with her manager and some friends, are going to the party. A B C D 6. Living expenses in this country are high. A B C D Exercise 4: Give the correct verb form 1. Both you and the boy overthere (is / are) good at English. 2. Most of the beer (are / is) spoilt. 3. Either my sister or the neighbours (is / are) looking after the dog. 4. The black and white hat (look / looks) good on you. 5. George,together with some of his friends, (have / has) just bought a race-horse. 6. One-third of these books (belongs / belong) to you. 7. There (has / have) been a lot of changes in our country since the liberation. 8. None of the pupils in my class (has / have) failed the test. 9. Each of these boys (has / have) a try . 10. The number of letters each of us (receives / receive) (is / are) increasing. 11. Opening my presents (was / were) exciting. 12. Someone (was / were) waiting at the door when I came home. Exercise 5: Choose the best answer 1. There …… a lot of expensive furniture in our uncle’s house. A. have been B. are C. is D. were 2. Each of you …… responsible for this. A. are B. being C. is D. be 3. Bill together with his brothers …… to the beach every morning. A. going B. goes C. are D. gone 4. Either the monitor or the athletes …… to blame for the bad result. A. be B. are C. is D. to be 5. Every man and woman …… responsible for what he or she does. A. is B. are C. be D. have been 6. The results of Dr. Frank’s experiment …… announced on TV last night. A. is B. are C. was D. were 7. Fifty minutes …… the maximum length of time allowed for the exam. A. is B. be C. are D. were 8. A number of sheep …… eating grass now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 9. Measles …… sometimes a serious disease. A. is B. are C. being D. be 10. The effects of cigarette smoking …… been proven to be extremely harmful. A. has B. have C. is D. are 11. The exercise on agreement of subjects and verbs …… easy. A. are B. have C. has D. is 12. Making cakes and pies …… Mrs. Reed’s specialty. A. are B. were C. is D. be 13. Lee, accompanied by her brother on the piano , …… very well received at the talent show. A. are B. were C. have been D. was 14. About 60% of students in this class …… from China. A. are B. was C. were D. is Exercise 6: Find the mistake 1. All of the windows in our house was broken in the earthquake. A B C D 2. Neither Mary’s parents nor she have been this movie before. A B C D 3. Twenty dollars are all I can afford to pay for that recorder A B C D 4. The number of students who knew the answer to the last question on the exam were very low. A B C D 5. When I came in, everyone were watching a film. A B C D Exercise: Put the verb in brackets into the correct form 1. Half of the money (belong) _________________ to Mr. Lam 2. Many of the girls in my school (wear) ______________ white shirts 3. The number of the tables (be) _______________ late yesterday. 4. The United States (have)__________________ a population of 250 million. 5. Gold, as well as platinum, (recently/ rise) __________________ in price. 6. Everyone in both cars (be) _____________ injured in the accident last night. A. Choose the right word or phrase best completes the sentence: 1. Three weeks _______not enough holiday. A. are B. were C. was D. been 2. Each of you ____ a share in the work. A. having B. has C. to have D. have 3. A number of students ____ volunteered to the job. A. have B. has C. to have D. having 4. Linguistics ____ out the ways in which languages work. A. find B. finding C. to find D. finds 5. The Philippines ____ of more than 7,000 islands. A. consist B. consisting C. consisted D. consists 6. The United Nations ____ its head quarters in NewYork city. A. have B. having C. has D. to have 7. One of my neighbours ____ curious about other people’s private life. A. being B. were C. is D. been 8. Tom doesn’t agree but the rest of us ____. A. does B. done C. do D. doing 9. There ____ a few flowers in this garden last summer. A. being B. were C. are D. is 10. A large number of reporters ____ at the meeting yesterday. A. being B. were C. are D. is 11. Much progress ____ been made in recent years. A. have B. has C. having D. to have 12. Collecting old coins and paper notes ____ one of my hobbies. A. being B. were C. are D. is 13. The number of pupils getting poor marks since the beginning of the semester ____ appalling. A. to be B. have been C. are D. is 14. Five thousand pounds ____ stolen in the robbery last night. A. being B. were C. are D. was 15. Mr. Thomson with his wife and his three children ____ abroad. A. to be B. have been C. are D. is 16. One of the girls who ____ working in this department ____ my niece. A. is/being B. are/is C. is/are D. was/were 17. The English ____ to drink tea. A. likes B. to like C. like D. has liked 18. Everybody ____ trying to do their best at present. A. to be B. have been C. are D. is 19. Jim as well as I ____ always busy doing English homework. A. am B. has been C. are D. is 20. Neither Daisy nor I ____ glad to do that. A. am B. has been C. are D. is 21. That you take a computer course ____ very necessary. A. am B. have been C. are D. is 22. The police ____ come to the site of the accident. A. have B. has C. having D. to have 23. The pilot along with his passengers ____ rescued last night. A. am B. have been C. was D. is 24. What we need most ____ books. A. is B. were C. are D. to be 25. My brother together with his friends often ____ in the park. A. jogs B. jogging C. jog D. to jog 26. Neither he nor they ____ here yesterday. A. are B. were C. is D. be 27. Either John or his children ____ breakfast each morning. A. make B. makes C. making D. to make 28. I don’t like the hot weather. Thirty degrees ____ too warm for me. A. was B. are C. being D. is 29. Not only a dog but also two cats ____ at home in his garage. A. was B. are C. been D. is 30. Both a poem and a short story ____ been written by the young author. A. has B. to have C. have D. having Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order to make the sentence correct 31. The professor together with his three students have been called to court. A B C D 32. Fifty dollars seem a reasonable price to pay for that. A B C D 33. Walking in the rain are not a good idea. A B C D 34. The unemployed really needs to be given more help. A B C D 35. To learn foreign languages are necessary for us to have a good job. A B C D 36. The police is asking him a lot of questions which he can’t answer. A B C D 37. Life is not easy for those who is without jobs. A B C D 38. The Chinese is very famous for their food. A B C D 39. I love swimming which are a good sport for my health. A B C D 40. All the books on the top shelf belongs to me. A B C D 41. One of the biggest problems facing our society are unemployment. A B C D 42. A few of the audience is enjoying every minute of the performance. A B C D 43. How you got there do not concern me. A B C D 44. What I say about these problems are my own affair. A B C D 45. A great deal of money have been spent on the books. A B C D 46. Either you or the headmaster are handing the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting. A B C D 47. The poor woman with her two children were seen begging in a street corner. A B C D 48. Happiness and success depends on your ability and luck. A B C D 49. There are forty students in the class. Half of the class is boys. A B C D 50. The Vietnamese is hard-working, intelligent and brave. A B C D RESULT CLAUSES Exercises: I/Combine the sentences by using so…that or such….that: 1. This tea is good. I think I’ll have another cup. …………………………………………………………………………………. 2. It was an expensive car. We couldn’t afford to buy it. …………………………………………………………………………………. 3. The car was very expensive. We couldn’t afford to buy it. …………………………………………………………………………………. 4. Tommy ate too much candy. He got a stomachache. …………………………………………………………………………………. 5. The food was too hot. It burned my tongue. …………………………………………………………………………………. 6. She made many mistakes. She failed the exam. …………………………………………………………………………………. 7.It was a good book. I couldn’t put it down. …………………………………………………………………………………. 8. He walked very quickly. We couldn’t keep up with him. …………………………………………………………………………………. 9.It was nice weather. We went to the zoo. …………………………………………………………………………………. 10.The test was very easy. Everyone got a high score. …………………………………………………………………………………. II/Choose the best answer: 1. There is _______noise that I can hear nothing A. so many B. such C. so much D. so 2. My mouth is burning! This is ________spicy food that I don’t think I can finish it. A. such B. so C. very D. too C. so that D. too hard that 3. It was raining ____I couldn’t go outside,. A. because B. So hard that 4. My mouth is burning! This is ___________ spicy food that I don’t think I can finish it. A. such B. so C. Very D. too 5. There are ________ planets in the universe that we can’t count them. A. so much B. such C. so many D. so C. so D. very 6. He was _______ tired that he slept all days. A. such B. too They were ______busy studying ______ they couldn’t go to the restaurant with us. A. so – that B. such – that C. very – that D. too - that 8. The runners are ______exhausted that none of them finished the race. A. too B. such C. enough D. so C. too D. very C. much D. Too 9. It was _____ a difficult question that I couldn’t answer it. A. so B. such 10. It was ________ a boring speech that I fell asleep. A. such B. so PHRASES OF PURPOSE ( CỤM TỪ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH ): Main clause + to / so as to / in order to + Verb (bare infinitive) Ex: Sarah went to the computer lab to print out her research report. The company conducted a detailed survey in order to gauge its clients’ views. I went to see him so as to find out what had happened. I/ Combine the ideas using so that: 1. Rachel wanted to watch the news. She turned on the TV. →…………………………………………………………………………... 2. Nancy is carrying extra courses every semester. She wants to graduate early. →…………………………………………………………………………... 3. Ed took some change from his pocket. He wanted to buy a newspaper. →…………………………………………………………………………... 4. I wanted to listen to the news while I was making dinner. I turned on the TV. →…………………………………………………………………………... 5. I unplugged the phone. I didn’t want to be interrupted while I was working. →…………………………………………………………………………... II/ Choose the best answer: 1. Peter studies hard _____pass the exam. A. less B. so that C. to D. in order that 2. A small fish needs camouflage to hide itself _______its enemies cannot find it. A. so that B. because C. therefore D. due to C. or D. so 3. He felt ill, _______he went to bed early. A. and B. but 4. We decided to join the English speaking club ______ improve our English. A. so that B. so to C. in order D. to 5. She worked hard ______ everything would be ready by 6 o’clock. A. that B. for C. in order that D. so as to C. in order to D. in case 6. He gave me his address __________me to visit. A. so that B. in order for 7. She got up early _________ miss the bus. A. in order that B. so that C. not to D. for 8. Mr. Thompson is learning Vietnamese __________ to read Kim Van Kieu. A. so that not B. so as to C. in order not to D. so as not to 9. They hurried _______ catch the train. A. to not B. as not to C. in order that not D. to 10. We learn English _________ we will have better communication with other people. A. so that B. in order for C. in order to D. in case REASON (lí do) Clause Because /since / as Phrase Because of / Due to/ thank for + S + V, + N (phrase) / Gerund (phrase), CONCESSION ( Mặc dù, cho dù) Clause MAIN CLAUSE Although/ though / even though + S + V, S + V Phrase In spite of / despite + N (phrase) / Gerund (phrase), Exercise 1: Choose the best answer 1. I could not eat _______ I was very hungry. A. even though B. in spite C. despite D. in spite the fact that 2. In spite _______, the baseball game was not cancelled. A. the rain B. of the rain C. it was raining D. there was a rain 3. _______ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car. A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although 4. _______, he walked to the station. A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tiredC. In spite being tired D. Despite tired 5. John could not continue the match _____ his badly injured leg. A. because B. since C. as D. because of 6. You need proper shoes to go hiking in the mountains, ______ the ground is rough and hard. A. though B. due to C. because D. because of 7. The children slept well, despite _______. A. it was noise B. the noise C. of the noise D. noisy 8. _______ her lack of hard work, she was promoted. A. though B. because of C. In spite of D. Despite of 9. _______ they are brothers, they do not look like. A. Although B. because C. Despite D. because of 11. He went to bed ____ he was very tired. A. because B. so that C. because of D. although 12. Mozart could write music ____ he was only five. A. because B. although C. when D. however Exercise 2: Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order to make the sentence correct. 1. Although its height, Mount Whitney, one of North America's highest mountains is popular with hikers. A B C D 2. .Because of they had collaborated well together, they were successful in their project. A B C D 3. Despite of his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman. A B C D 4. They had to sell their house because of they had been broke. A B C D 5. In spite of my father is old, he gets up early and does morning exercise. A B C D 6. Despite she was in her middle age, she looked very graceful and charming. A B C D 7. I tried to finish my work though my tiredness. A B C D 8. John didn’t go to work because of he was seriously ill. A B C D Exercise 3: Choose the best answer 1. Although his legs were broken, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded. A. Despite his legs to be broken, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded. B. Despite his broken legs, he was able to get out of the car before exploding. C. Despite his legs were broken, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded. D. Despite his broken legs, he was able to get out of the car before it exploded. 2. It rained heavily. He stayed at home. A. Because it rained heavily, he stayed at home. B. Because of it rained heavily, he stayed at home. C. Although it rained heavily, he stayed at home. D. In spite of it rained heavily, he stayed at home. 3. Although he was very tired, he agreed to play tennis. A. Despite his tiredness, he agreed to play tennis. B. Because of his tiredness, he agreed to play tennis. C. Even if feeling tired, he agreed to play tennis. D. He was tired because he agreed to play tennis. 4. The fight was delayed because of the bad weather A. Because the weather was delayed, the fight was bad B. Because the weather was badly, the fight was delayed C. Because the weather was in bad, the fight was delayed D. Because the weather was bad, the fight was delayed 5. Tommy joined the English Club ______ to increase his circle of friends. A. because his desire B. because of his desire C. because of he desired D. due to he desired. 6. Gannon was a high-performing midfield linkman in spite ______. A. of he was at his age B. he was at his old age C. of his age D. his age 7. I have not finished that report yet despite _______. A. of working overtime last night B. to work overtime last night C. working overtime last night D. I worked overtime last night 8. Although sales fell sharply last month, we are on target for the year. A. Even though felling sharply in sales last month B. In spite of there was a sharp fall in sales last month C. Despite the sharp fall in sales last month D. Even if falling sharply in sales last month. 9. Though he was appointed to a higher promotion _______. A. and he decided to quit his job. B. but he still decided to quit his job C. but he decided to quit his job D. he decided to quit his job I/ Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence. he is tired, he can’t work longer. B. Even though C. Although D. Besides 2. it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat. A. If B. Since C. Although D. Because 3. it was late, we decided to take a taxi home. A. Because B. Since C. Because of D. Although 4. you subtract 7 from 12, you will have 5. A. Because B. If C. Though D. As . We couldn’t reach the house the road was flooded. A. because B. because of C. if D. though 6. he has a headache, he has to take an aspirin. A. Because B. Because of C. Although D. In spite of 7. The flight had to be delayed the bad weather. A. because B. Because of C. despite D. when 8. he comes to the theater with me, I shall go alone. A. Because of B. Because C. Unless D. When 9. Take a map with you you lose your way. A. so B. because C. although D. in case 10. rain or snow, there are always more than fifty thousand fans at the football games. A. Even though B. Because C. Despite D. Because of 11. his illness, he had to cancel the appointment. A. However B. Despite C. If D. Because of 12. Minh had a terrible headache. , he went to school. A. However B. But C. Although D. Because 13. Tom has a bike, he always walks to school. A. but B. because of C. because D. despite 1. A. Because 14. My sister will take the plane she dislikes flying. A. because B. so that C. although D. before 15. We decided to leave the party early it was boring. A. due to B. because C. but D. and 16. The students arrived late the traffic jam. A. because B. owing to C. despite D. so 17. he missed the first bus, he came ten minutes late. A. Since B. Although C. However D. Therefore 18. his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman. A. In spite of B. Because of C. If D. Although 19. It was difficult to deliver the letter the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope. A. though B. but C. so D. because 20. it rained heavily, I went to school on time. A. However B. But C. Although D. Because 21. He didn’t answer the questions correctly _______. A. although he isn’t intelligent B. because he is intelligent C. in spite of his intelligence D. despite his intelligent 22. ______, I can’t hear what he is saying. A. Because of the noise B. Because of the soft music C. Though the music is noise D. In spite of the noise music 23. _____, I feel very refresh. A. Because I work very hard B. Although I get up early C. Because of getting up early D. Despite getting up late 24. They live happily ______. A. because they have no money B. though they are rich C. in spite of their poverty D. because of their poor 25. He can’t join in the volunteer campaign _______. A. although he is busy B. because he hurts his legs C. in spite of working very hard D. because of registering for it 26. Though he drove carefully, he had an accident yesterday. A. Despite his carelessness, he had an accident yesterday. B. Despite he drove carefully, he had an accident yesterday. C. In spite of driving carefully, he had an accident yesterday. D. In spite of a careful drive, he had an accident yesterday. 27. He was very tired but he kept on working. A. Despite very tired, he kept on working. B. Though his tiredness, he kept on working. C. Although he was very tired, but he kept on working. D. He kept on working although he was very tired. 28. Although it rained heavily, they went on working. A. In spite of the rain heavily, they went on working. B. In spite of the raining heavily, they went on working. C. Despite the heavy rain, they went on working. D. Though the fact that it rained heavily, they went on working. 29. Cars cause pollution but people still want them. A. Because cars cause pollution, people want them. B. Despite the fact that cars cause pollution, people want them. C. Cars cause pollution although people want them. D. Cars cause pollution because people still want them. 30. She was seriously ill but she enjoyed life very much. A. In spite of her serious illness, she enjoyed life very much. B. Although she enjoyed life very much, she was seriously ill. C. She was seriously ill because she enjoyed life very much. D. Despite seriously ill, she enjoyed life very much. II/ Choose the underlined part among A, B, C, or D that needs correcting: 31. My friends advised her to stop doing the housework because her old age. A B C D 32. Because the invention of machines such as vacuum cleaners, washing machines, A B women spend less time doing the housework. C D 33. John didn’t go to work because of he was seriously ill. A B C D 34. In spite of my father is old, he still goes to work. A B C D 35. Peter succeeded in his exam because of he worked hard and methodically. A B C D 36. Rice plants grow well because the climate is warmly and damp. A B C D 37. The plane couldn’t take off because the bad weather. A B C D 38. He couldn’t drive fast owing to the street was crowded and narrow. A B C D 39. The train was late because the fog is thick. A B C D 40. Since the difficult test, I couldn’t finish it on time. A B C D III/ Rewrite these sentences 1. He was late for school because his bike was broken. ……………………………………….because of ………………………………… 2. Although he runs very fast, he isn’t tired. Despite ……………………………………………………………………………. 3. Most people think jogging is a good exercise, so they begin to jog. Because ..................................................................................................................... 4. The air in the country is polluted, but people like to live there. .......................................................... though ............................................................. 5. Computers can be used for various purposes, so they become very popular today. Because of ................................................................................................................ 6. If you passed the exam, your parents would be very happy. ……………………………………….. because …………………………………… 7. Because of the hot weather, we go to the beach. If …………………………………………………………………………………… 8. Tom understands the lesson. However, he couldn’t apply in the exercises. ………………………………….. although ……………………………………….. 9. They played very well. Therefore, they won the game. Because …………………………………………………………………………… 10. The suitcase is too heavy for Tom to bring. ………………………………………. because …………………………………. Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences 1. Although Henry is a millionaire, he hates spending money. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2. Mark went on working although he felt unwell. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3. They slept soundly although the night air was hot. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4. . Although she was successful, she felt dissatisfied. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5. Although the boat was full of water, it sailed on. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6. Although the children were poor, they seemed happy. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 7. We couldn’t get tickets although we queued for an hour. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 8. I enjoyed the film although the story was silly. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 9. He didn’t arrive until 9 o’clock although he promised that he wouldn’t be late. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 10. Although he was seriously ill, he was determined to finish his work. In spite of .............................................................................................................................................................. 11. I’ve still got the camera because no one has claimed it. Because it ............................................................................................................................................................. 12. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident. Because ................................................................................................................................................................ 13. We took many pictures although the sky was cloudy. >>In spite of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 14. We understand him in spite of his strong accent. >> Although .............................................................................................................................................................................. 15. Although he is wealthy, he is not spoiled.>> Despite .............................................................................................................................................................................. 16. Despite a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.>> Though . In spite of the high prices, my roommates go to the movies every Saturday. >>Although .............................................................................................................................................................................. 18. Even though she had a poor memory, she told interesting stories to the children. >>Despite .............................................................................................................................................................................. 19. In spite of their poverty, they are very generous. >> Although .............................................................................................................................................................................. 20. Though she has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test.>> Despite .............................................................................................................................................................................. 21. In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile.>> Although .............................................................................................................................................................................. 22. My friend ate the chocolate cake even though she was on a diet. >>Despite .............................................................................................................................................................................. 23. In spite of a headache, he enjoyed the film.>> Although .............................................................................................................................................................................. 24. My sister will take a plane even though she dislikes flying.>>In spite of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 25. He isn’t happy although he is very rich. >>Despite .............................................................................................................................................................................. 26. Even though he got a good job, he was not satisfied.>> Despite .............................................................................................................................................................................. 27. Although he often tells lies, many people believe him.>> Despite .............................................................................................................................................................................. 28. Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.>> Because of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 29. She went to bed early because she felt tired. >>Because of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 30. Margaret stayed at home because her mother was sick.>> Because of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 31. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.>> Because of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 32. I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.>> Because of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 33. I can’t study because it is noisy.>> Because of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 34. The train come late because it was foggy.>> Because of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 35. The train was late because the fog was thick.>> Because of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 36. I can’t sleep because the weather is hot.>> Because of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 37. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good.>> Because of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 38. Because there was a traffic accident, I went to school late.>> Because of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 39. Because there is a shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.>> Because of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 40. Because there was a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.>> Because of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 41. She walked slowly because her leg was injured.>> Because of .............................................................................................................................................................................. 42. Because it was sunny, we decided to go camping.>> Because of .............................................................................................................................................................................. Exercise 2 : Complete these sentences, using because or because of + one of these phrases : the strong wind growing unrest in the country my computer isn’t working I can hear the waves flooding on the road the mist the streets were covered in ice my mother has arrived her illness prices were falling 1. _____, I won’t be able to meet you on Thursday after all. Because my mother has arrived, I won’t be able to meet you on Thursday after all. 2. She couldn’t complete the work _____. She couldn’t complete the work because of her illness. 3. The boat couldn’t put to sea _____. ................................................................................................................................................................................... 4. _____, they couldn’t sell their house. ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5. I can’t print out the letter _____. ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6. When we got to the top of the hill we couldn’t see anything _____. ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7. She walked carefully _____. ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8. We must be near the beach, _____. ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9. The Prime Minister returned home _____. ................................................................................................................................................................................... 10. We couldn’t get to his house _____. ................................................................................................................................................................................... Exercise 4 : Complete the sentences with although/ in spite of/ because/ because of. 1. ____________ the meeting’s at 2.00, I won’t be late to see you. 2. ____________ I told the absolute truth, no one would believe me. 3. The goods were never delivered ____________ the promise we had received. 4. My mother is always complaining ___________ the untidiness of my room. 5. I didn’t get the job ____________ I had all the necessary qualifications. 6. It’s unsafe to travel in that country _____________ the ongoing civil war. 7. The villagers refused to leave ___________ the drought. 8. ____________ everything looked different, I had no idea where to go. 9. __________ his age, John was not hired ___________ he had the necessary qualifications. 10. You can’t enter this secure area _____________ you don’t have an official permit. 11. ___________ it was sunny, it was quite a cold day. 12. Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted ___________ the extreme heat. 13. ____________ having a bad cough, she was able to sing in the choir. 14. ___________ I had nothing for lunch but an apple, I ate dinner early. 15. Sarah can’t climb up the tree ___________ her fear of heights. Exercise 5: Rewrite sentence 1. He is rich but He isn’t happy. ( Although ) 2. Cars cause pollution but people still want them. ( although ) ................................................................................................................................................................................... 3. Mr. Nam was successful in his life although he came from a poor family. ( despite ) ................................................................................................................................................................................... 4. Though he is intelligent, he can’t do all these tests well. ( in spite of ) ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5. In spite of his much experience in machinery , he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine . ( Although ) ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6. Don’t shout at her in spite of her laziness. ( Though ) ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7.It was raining heavily but I went swimming . ( in spite of ) ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8. Though Lan is beautiful and intelligent, she is never proud of herself. (As ) ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9. Lan is always admired by her friends because she is intelligent. ( Because of ) ................................................................................................................................................................................... 10. We don’t spend much time on our homework because a lot of devices for the home were invented.( Because of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11. We always trust Nam because he is wise and honest. ( Because of ) ................................................................................................................................................................................... 12. Because of Lan’s poverty, she can’t continue her study at the university. ( Because ) ................................................................................................................................................................................... : Because; because of; although/ though/ even though; in spite of/ despite 1) We took many pictures although the sky was cloudy. >>In spite of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2) We understand him in spite of his strong accent. >> Although ................................................................................................................................................................................... 3) Although he is wealthy, he is not spoiled.>> Despite ................................................................................................................................................................................... 4) Despite a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.>> Though ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5) In spite of the high prices, my roommates go to the movies every Saturday. >>Although ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6) Even though she had a poor memory, she told interesting stories to the children. >>Despite ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7) In spite of their poverty, they are very generous. >> Although ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8) Though she has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test.>> Despite ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9) In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile.>> Although ................................................................................................................................................................................... 10) My friend ate the chocolate cake even though she was on a diet. >>Despite ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11) In spite of a headache, he enjoyed the film.>> Although ................................................................................................................................................................................... 12) My sister will take a plane even though she dislikes flying.>>In spite of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 13) He isn’t happy although he is very rich. >>Despite 14) Even though he got a good job, he was not satisfied.>> Despite ................................................................................................................................................................................... 15) Although he often tells lies, many people believe him.>> Despite ................................................................................................................................................................................... 16) Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.>> Because of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 17) She went to bed early because she felt tired. >>Because of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 18) Margaret stayed at home because her mother was sick.>> Because of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 19) I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.>> Because of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 20) I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.>> Because of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 21) I can’t study because it is noisy.>> Because of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 22) The train come late because it was foggy.>> Because of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 23) The train was late because the fog was thick.>> Because of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 24) I can’t sleep because the weather is hot.>> Because of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 25) All the teacher love him because his conduct is good.>> Because of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 26) Because there was a traffic accident, I went to school late.>> Because of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 27) Because there is a shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.>> Because of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 28) Because there was a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.>> Because of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 29) She walked slowly because her leg was injured.>> Because of ................................................................................................................................................................................... 30) Because it was sunny, we decided to go camping.>> Because of
