Nutrients
HFN1O/2O
Mrs. G. Bethune
Name ______________________
Date _________________
Read Chapter 11.
1. Define the following terms:
a) nutrients –
b) calories –
c) nutrient deficiency –
d) antioxidantse) phytochemicals -
2. Compare the calories provided by each of the following nutrients and their DRI:
Nutrient
carbohydrates
proteins
fats
calories per gram
recommended daily %
3. List the six main nutrients, their functions and main foods by completing the following chart:
Nutrient
Function
1. Carbohydrates
- the body’s main source of energy
- most easily digested source of
energy
a) Complex:
- large molecules of simple
carbohydrates joined together
- take longer to digest and provide
your body with a steady supply of
energy
Starches:
b) Complex:
Dietary
Fibre:
- the only form of carbohydrate that
does not provide energy
- consists of non-digestible plant
matter
- promotes regular bowel movements
and prevents constipation
- may lower risk of colon cancer
may reduce blood cholesterol levels
c) Simple:
- also called sugars
- quickly broken down into a useable
form by the body
- naturally occurring
2. Proteins
- used mainly to help the body grow
and repair and replace worn-out or
damaged parts
- provide energy
- maintain your hair, eyes, skin,
muscles and bones which contain
protein
- regulate important body processes
such as fighting disease
a) Complete:
- supply all 9 essential amino acids
(building blocks that make up body
proteins)
Main Foods
b) Incomplete:
- lack one or more essential amino
acids
- must be combined with other foods
to produce body proteins
3. Fats
- provide heat and energy for the body
-promote healthy skin and normal cell
growth
- supports function of the kidneys and
eyes
- carries fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E,
K
- acts as a cushion around vital organs
such as the heart and liver
- forms protective coverings around
nerves (especially in the brain)
- moves slowly through the digestive
system making you feel full longer
- eating too much increases the risk of
illnesses such as heart disease and
cancer, overweight and obesity
a) Cholesterol:
- is not a fat
- a fat-like substance that is present in
all body cells and needed for essential
body processes
- helps in the digestion of fat and the
production of vitamin D
- adults manufacture all the good
cholesterol (HDL) their bodies need
so do not require any in their diet
- bad cholesterol (LDL)can build up
on artery walls increasing the risk of
heart disease and stroke
b) Saturated:
- solid at room temperature
- raises levels of bad cholesterol
c) Unsaturated:
- liquid at room temperature
- help to reduce bad cholesterol levels
- help to increase good cholesterol
levels
e) Trans Fats
- hydrogenated oils that make
unsaturated fats solid at room
temperature
- reduce good cholesterol
- increase bad cholesterol
4. Vitamins
- keep your body tissues healthy and
body systems working properly
- assist carbohydrates, proteins and
fats in their roles in the body
- help to protect the body from disease
- some vitamins may be dissolved in
cooking water
5. Minerals
- most minerals become part of your
body ie. teeth, bones or are used to
make substances your body needs
- some minerals are needed in large
amounts such as calcium, magnesium,
phosphorus
some minerals are needed in small
amounts such as iron, copper, zinc,
iodine, selenium
b) Electrolytes:
- minerals that work together to
maintain your body’s fluid balance
- potassium, sodium, chloride
6. Water
- essential for human survival
- your body is 50-60 % water
- your blood is 80% water
- critical for chemical reactions that
occur in the body
- allows the body to regulate its
temperature through perspiration
- aids in digestion