SI Bio6 Dr. Wright’s class
made by Pyeongsug Kim
Revised: 03/16/10
Additional Chap 7. Nervous system
* It is your responsibility to check the answers. If you find any wrong answer, email
me(sibio@att.net) immediately!
1. Depolarization or Hyperpolarization?
Depolarization
The membrane potential changes from -70mv to +30mv.
Hyperpolarization
Hyperpolarization
If Cl- (negatively charged) diffused into the cell, it would cause this.
Associated with efflux of potassium ions out of the cell.
Depolarization
Associated with infflux of sodium ions into the cell.
Hyperpolarization
The membrane potential changes to -90mV.
Depolarization
The membrane potential changes to +30mV.
Hyperpolarization
The event would tend to inhibit cell stimulation.
Depolarization
The event will occur when the acetylcoline bind to the receptor on skeletal muscle cell.
Hyperpolarization
The event will occur when the acetylcoline bind to the receptor on cardiac muscle cell.
The event will occur when the Norepinephrine bind to the receptor on cardiac muscle
cell.
The event will occur when the acetylcoline to the nicotinic receptor on postsynaptic cell.
Depolarization
Depolarization
Hyperpolarization
Hyperpolarization
Hyperpolarization
Depolarization
The event will occur when the acetylcoline to the muscarinic receptor postsynaptic cell.
The event would tend to promote cell stimulation.
The event will occur when the neurotramotters bind to the cholinergic receptor on cardiac
muscle cell.
The event will occur when the neurotramotters bind to the adrenergic receptor on cardiac
muscle cell.
2. Indicate whether the following statements apply to acetylcoline, serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine. The answer
may be more than one. (please, see the Dr. Wright powerpoint)
norepinephrine
dopamine
The neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic system.
Effects on motor and emotional function and degeneration of the neurons for these
cause Parkinson’ disease.
norepinephrine
stimulate cardiac muscle, cardiac muscle, and some glands and effect on memory.
acetylcoline
Is the principal neurotransmitter than acts on skeletal muscles.
All
May have be stimulatory effects.
norepinephrine,
acetylcoline
dopamine
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcoline
dopamine
controlled by reuptake monoamine oxidase (MAOIs inhibit this) in presynaptic neuron or
COMT in postsynaptic neuron.
Tend to have stimulatory or inhibitory depending on the receptor.
This is the major neurotransmitter released in the mesolimbic system associated with
behavior and reward in midbrain.
Antidepressants inhibit the specific reuptake to increase effect of this neurotransmitter.
Parkinson’s disease develops when neurons die in the midbrain, which ordinary would
release this neurotransmitter.
The neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic
system.
The neurotransmitter is released ONLY in the central nervous system.
SI Bio6 Dr. Wright’s class
all
acetylcoline
serotonin
acetylcoline
made by Pyeongsug Kim
The neurotransmitter is released in the central nervous system.
Revised: 03/16/10
The neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic system.
derived from tryptophan; affects specific cells in brain stem; regulates mood and
behavior, appetite, cerebral circulation.
The neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic
system.
acetylcoline
Binds to nicotinic receptor or muscarinic receptors.
norepinephrine
Binds to adrenergic receptors.
acetylcoline
Binds to cholinergic receptors.
norepinephrine
Binds to alpha or beta receptors.
Many addictive drugs activate the pathways for these and enhance the effects of these;
dopamine
for example cocaine blocks dopamine reuptake and addiction may occurs because cells
become unable to respond to normal levels.(may be needed more than normal level of
these)
norepinephrine
dopamine
acetylcoline
Neurotransmitter:
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
This molecule acts like hormone, when released from the adrenal medulla, to increase
cardiac activity.
Drug for Parkinson’ disease act as agonists but anti-schizophrenic drugs act as
antagonists to these pathways.
slow down heart rate.
Molecular family:
Choline
Monoamine/Catecholamine
Monoamine/Catecholamine
Monoamine
Usual location
PNS and CNS
PNS and CNS
CNS
CNS