Anatomy and Physiology: Final Exam Study Guide
Chapter 1
1. homeostasis
2. levels of structural organization
3. lateral
4. dorsal
5. medial
6. proximal
7. inferior
8. superior
9. ventral
10. deep
11. distal
Chapter 4: Integumentary System
12. functions of the skin
13. how does skin regulate body temp
14. keratin
15. melanin
16. name the 5 layers of the epidermis in order
17. dangers of burns
18. how to recognize a melanoma
Chapter 5: Skeletal System
19. what does long bone come from
20. compound fracture
21. axial skeleton vs appendicular skeleton
22. male vs female pelvis
23. ossification
24. functions of the skeletal system
Chapter 6: Muscular System
25. fascicle and the membrane that wraps it
26. functions of the muscular system
27. sarcomere
28. acetylcholine
Chapter 7: Nervous System
29. parts of the central nervous system
30. peripheral nervous system
31. parts of a neuron, specifically incoming stimuli
32. sequence of a reflex arc
33. lobe of the brain that contains the primary motor are and voluntary muscle movements
34. part of the brain controls temp, metabolism, thirst
35. controls the visceral activities (heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, vomiting)
36. afferent nerves/efferent nerves and motor/sensory
37. blood/brain barrier blocks...
38. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are subdivision of...
39. sympathetic nervous system controls...
Chapter 8: Special Senses
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
path that light travels through the eye
rods vs cones; color receptors are sensitive to which lights?
name of hearing receptors
location of equilibrium receptors
location of chemoreceptors
number of taste sensations
Chapter 8: Endocrine System (EXTRA CREDIT)
46. define hormones
47. enlargement of the thyroid : goiter
48. major metabolic hormone
49. hormones that regulates calcium
50. what does insulin do?
51. name the pituitary hormones
52. hormones that target the gonads
Chapter 10: Blood
53. most abundant formed element
54. WBC: chemotaxis, diapedesis, ameboid motion, amount in blood
55. formation of platelets
56. steps of hemostasis
57. hematopoesis
Chapter 11: CV System
58. right/left AV valves also known as...
59. location of sinoatrial node
60. EC: path for transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart
61. when are valves open/closed
62. path of blood through systemic vascular system
63. what do veins transport? arteries?
64. vessels with the highest blood pressure
65. peripheral resistance
66. arteries vs veins
67. where gas exchange occurs
68. diastolic vs systolic blood pressure reading
69. vasoconstriction
70. systemic vs pulmonary circuits
71. path of blood through heart
72. heart sounds
73. interstitial fluid
Chapter 12 Lymphatic System
74. lymph nodes
75. function of spleen
76. nonspecific body defenses
77. immunocompetent T and B cells
78. naturally and artificially acquired passive immunity
79. naturally and artificially acquired active immunity
80. T cells: what type of immunity
81. types of autoimmune diseases
82. humoral immunity
Chapter 13: Respiratory System
83. role of mucus in nose
84. epiglottis
85. exchange of O2 and Co2 by...
86. what has to happen to inspire (inhale)
87. apnea
88. normal, adult respiratory rate
89. thyroid cartilage
90. location of trachea
91. why air moves out of the lungs
92. CO2 as chemical regulator of respiration- why?
Chapter 14: Digestive System
93. order that food passes through alimentary canal
94. pyloric sphincter
95. where protein digestion begins
96. function of small intestine
97. function of large intestine
98. amylase
99. bile production and storage
100.
mechanical digestion vs chemical digestion
101.
peristalsis
102.
what part of the nervous system controls digestion
Chapter 15: Urinary System
103.
organs of the urinary system
104.
Bowman’s capsule
105.
location of nephrons
106.
order of the renal tubule regions
107.
substances normally and not normally found in urine
Diagrams:
bones
heart
digestive system
respiratory system
kidneys
urinary system